Câu điều kiện trong Tiếng Anh

lOMoAR cPSD| 45619127
Câu điều kiện trong Tiếng Anh
I. Khái niệm câu điều kiện trong Tiếng Anh
Câu điều kiện dùng để nêu lên một giả thiết về một sự việc, mà sự việc đó chỉ có thể xảy ra khi
điều kiện được nói đến xảy ra. Câu điều kiện gồm có hai phần (hai mệnh đề): •
Mệnh đề nêu lên điều kiện (còn gọi là mệnh đề IF) là mệnh đề phụ hay mệnh đề điều kiện •
Mệnh đề nêu lên kết quả là mệnh đề chính.
Câu điều kiện loại 1 là gì? •
Câu điều kiện loại I còn được gọi là câu điều kiện có thực ở hiện tại. •
Điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
Câu điều kiện loại 2 là gì? •
Câu điều kiện loại II còn được gọi là câu điều kiện không có thực ở hiện tại. •
Điều kiện không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai, điều kiện chỉ là một giả thiết, một
ước muốn trái ngược với thực trạng hiện tại.
Câu điều kiện loại 3 là gì? •
Câu điều kiện loại III là câu điều kiện không có thực trong quá khứ. •
Điều kiện không thể xảy ra trong quá khứ, chỉ mang tính ước muốn trong quá khứ, một
giả thiết trái ngược với thực trạng ở quá khứ.
II. Cấu trúc câu điều kiện trong Tiếng Anh
Câu điều kiện loại 0
Cấu trúc: If + S + V/V(s/es), S + V/V(s/es)
Cách sử dụng: Dùng để diễn tả một sự việc luôn đúng, một chân lý.
Ví dụ: - If you heat the ice, it melts. (Nếu bạn làm nóng băng, nó sẽ tan chảy.)
Đây là một sự thật hiển nhiên, luôn luôn đúng nên ta sẽ sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 0 để nói.
Câu điều kiện loại 1 lOMoAR cPSD| 45619127
Trong câu điều kiện loại I, mệnh đề “If” ta chia thì HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN và mệnh đề chính ta chia thì tương lai đơn.
Cách sử dụng: Dùng để giả định về một sự việc có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
Ví dụ: - If she comes, I will go with her. (Nếu cô ấy đến, tôi sẽ đi với cô ấy)
Ta hiểu rằng “hiện tại cô ấy vẫn chưa đến”, và ta cũng không biết được rằng cô ấy có đến hay
không (hoàn toàn có thể xảy ra).
Vì vậy giả định “nếu cô ấy đến” là một giả định hoàn toàn có thể xảy ra nên ta sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 1.
Câu điều kiện loại 2
Cấu trúc: If + S + V-ed/cột 2, S + would/should + V(nguyên thể)
Trong câu điều kiện loại II, mệnh đề “IF” chia thì QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN và động từ trong mệnh đề
chính ta sử dụng cấu trúc: would/ should + động từ nguyên thể.
Cách sử dụng: Dùng để giả định về một sự việc không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
Ví dụ: - If they had a lot of money now, they would travel around the world. (Nếu bây giờ họ có
nhiều tiền, họ sẽ đi du lịch vòng quanh thế giới.)
Ta thấy có thời gian ở hiện tại là “now” (bây giờ) và hiểu rằng “bây giờ họ không có nhiều tiền”
nên mới đưa ra câu giả định như vậy. Vì thế ta sử dụng câu điều kiện loại II để diễn đạt một giả
định về một sự việc không có thật ở hiện tại.
CHÚ Ý: Trong câu điều kiện loại II, nếu mệnh đề “if” sử dụng động từ “to be” ở thì quá khứ
đơn thì ta chỉ sử dụng “to be” là “were” với tất cả các ngôi.
Ví dụ: - If I were you, I wouldn’t stay at home now. (Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ không ở nhà bây giờ.)
Ta thấy chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề “If” là “I” nhưng ta vẫn sử dụng động từ “to be” là “were” vì
trong câu điều kiện loại II này “to be” chia quá khứ là “were” với tất cả các chủ ngữ.
Câu điều kiện loại 3
Cấu trúc: If + S + had + VpII, S + would/should + have + vpII
Trong câu điều kiện loại III, mệnh đề “If” chia thì QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH, và động từ
trong mệnh đề chính sẽ sử dụng cấu trúc: would/ should + have + VpII. lOMoAR cPSD| 45619127
Cách sử dụng: Dùng để giả định về một sự việc trái với sự thật trong quá khứ.
Ví dụ: - If she had told me the truth yesterday, I would have helped her. (Nếu cô ấy nói với tôi
sự thật ngày hôm qua, tôi đã giúp cô ấy rồi.)
III. Bài tập câu điều kiện
Câu 1: Put the verbs in brackets into their correct forms!
1. I would have read the letter if I__________ (know) it was from you.
2. If Tony doesn’t help in the garden I _________________(not finish) my work in time.
3. If you_________________ (not tell ) me about Maxwell’s birthday I would forget it.
4. We ______________(catch) the train earlier if Mary had found her purse.
5. If Susan ________________(learn) the poem she would have known the answer.
6. If it _______________(be) too hot we will stop and get a cold drink.
7. If i_______________t (not rain) today I would stay it home.
8. If the Professor spoke clearly we__________________(understand) him better.
9. If you go on talking like that we_________________ (throw) you out.
10. If Sasha__________________ (go) home now he would meet his own brother.
11. If it rained , the streets ____________________(be) wet.
12. If I________________ (not tell) Jim the address he wouldn’t have found you.
13. The bird___________________ (die) if you had caught it
14. What _________________(you, do) if you won the lottery ?
15. If the weather ___________________(not change) we will reach the top of the mountain.
16. Dinner___________ (be) fine if the meat weren’t cold.
17. I’m sure Benny ______________(come) if you wait a bit longer.
18. If you ring the bell, somebody______________ (answer) it.
19. If Bert ______________(see) you, he would have talked to you.
20. You ____________________(find ) your ticket if you had looked into your pockets.
21. You_____________________ (fall) ill if you eat so much. lOMoAR cPSD| 45619127
22. What _______________(happen) if the door had not been opened?
23. If Chris asked you for a cigarette, ________________(you, give) him one?
24. If you________________ (buy) that big car, you would need a lot of money.
25._____________________ (You, change) the colour of your hair if I asked you to do so ?
26. If you give me the letter, I ____________________(post) it for you .
27.__________________ (You, post) the letter if I had given it to you?
28. If the weather is fine, I______________________ (go) swimming.
29. If you_______________ (not work) harder, you won't pass the exam.
30. If they _____________ (go) skating if the lake were frozen.
32. What would you have done, if you _____________(lose) your handbag?
33. What will happen if you______________(go) on holiday, if she hadn't been ill.
35. If I_______ (be) like you, I wouldn't watch such films.
37. If you opened your eyes, you _____________(see) a wonderful world.
38. People _______________(live) in peace if they stop fighting.
39. If Tom ____________so much,he (cannot drive) home.
40. If we_________________ (not hurry) we would miss the train.
41. He-________________ (not spend) so much money if he weren't a happy person.
42._________________ (You, come ) , if you had had more time ?
43. If Jim _____________(study) the new words he would have got a better mark.
44. If he were rich, he _____________(buy) the house.
45. If you don't hurry you__________ (be) late.
46. If it wasn't so hot, we__________ (play) football.
47. If I____________(be) ill, would you visit me
48. If Sean________ (not be) driving so fast, the police would not have stopped him.
49. If I had sold my house, I______________ (get) 4 million pounds.
50. If I____________ (be) you I would I would do it. lOMoAR cPSD| 45619127 KEY IF - CLAUSES IF 1
Put the verbs in brackets into their correct forms !
1. I would have read the letter if I had known (know) it was from you.
2. If Tony doesn’t help in the garden I will not finish (not finish) my work in time
3. If you didn’t tell (not tell ) me about Maxwell’s birthday I would forget it.
4. We would have caught (catch) the train earlier if Mary had found her purse.
5. If Susan had learned (learn) the poem she would have known the answer.
6. If it isn’t (be) too hot we will stop and get a cold drink.
7. If it didn’t rain (not rain) today I would stay it home.
8. If the Professor spoke clearly we would understand (understand) him better
9. If you go on talking like that we will throw (throw) you out.
10. If Sasha went home (go) home now he would meet his own brother.
11. If it rained , the streets would be (be) wet.
12. If I had not told (not tell) Jim the address he wouldn’t have found you.
13. The bird would have died (die) if you had caught it.
14. What would you do (you, do) if you won the lottery?
15. If the weather doesn’t change (not change) we will reach the top of the mountain.
16. Dinner would be (be) fine if the meat weren’t cold.
17. I’m sure Benny will come (come) if you wait a bit longer.
18. If you ring the bell, somebody will answer (answer) it.
19. If Bert had seen (see) you, he would have talked to you.
20. You would have found (find ) your ticket if you had looked into your pockets.
21. You will fall (fall) ill if you eat so much.
22. What would have happened (happen) if the door had not been opened?
23. If Chris asked you for a cigarette, would you give (you, give) him one?
24. If you bought (buy) that big car, you would need a lot of money. lOMoAR cPSD| 45619127
25. Would you change (You, change) the colour of your hair if I asked you to do so?
26. If you give me the letter, I will post (post) it for you .
27. Would you have posted (You, post) the letter if I had given it to you?
28. If the weather is fine, I will go (go) swimming.
29. If you don’t work(not work) harder, you won't pass the exam.
30. If they were (be) rich, they would travel around the world.
31. The children would go (go) skating if the lake were frozen.
32. What would you have done, if you had lost (lose) your handbag?
33. What will happen if you don’t know (not know) the answer?
34. She would have gone (go) on holiday, if she hadn't been ill.
35. If I had noticed (notice) you, I would have said hello.
36. If I were (be) like you, I wouldn't watch such films.
37. If you opened your eyes, you would see (see) a wonderful world.
38. People will live(live) in peace if they stop fighting.
39. If Tom drinks so much, he won’t be able drive (cannot drive) home.
40. If we didn’t hurry (not hurry) we would miss the train.
41. He wouldn’t spend (not spend) so much money if he weren't a happy person.
42. Would you have come (You, come ) , if you had had more time ?
43. If Jim had studied (study) the new words he would have got a better mark.
44. If he were rich, he would buy(buy) the house.
45. If you don't hurry you will be (be) late.
46. If it wasn't so hot, we would play (play) football.
47. If I was/were(be) ill, would you visit me?
48. If Sean had not driven (not be) driving so fast, the police would not have stopped him.
49. If I had sold my house, I would have got (get) 4 million pounds.
50. If I was/were (be) you I would I would do it.
Exercise 2: Choose the best answer to complete the sentences: lOMoAR cPSD| 45619127
1. If I had free time, I _____ some shopping with you lOMoAR cPSD| 45619127 A. did B. will do C. would do D. would have done
2. Unless she ____, she will be late for school A. hurried B. hurries C. will hurry D. is hurrying
3. I would have given him this present, if I ___ him A. had meet B. had met C. meet D. met
4. Will you be angry if I ___ your pocket dictionary? A. stole B. have stolen C. were to steal D. steal
5. If he ____ the truth, the police wouldn’t have arrest him A. tells B. told C. had told D. would tell
6. If you press that button, what ______? A. would happen B. would have happened lOMoAR cPSD| 45619127 C. will happen D. happen
7. If my mother ____ me up, I will catch the bus A. doesn’t pick B. didn’t take C. not pick D. hadn’t picked
8. If the weather is nice, I ____ for a walk A. will go B. go C. would go D. would have gone
9. ____________, the accident would not have happened yesterday
A. If Nam drives more carefully
B. If had Nam driven more carefully
C. Had Nam driven more carefully
D. Unless Nam had driven more carefully
10. I’d give up my job if I ____ a big prize in a lottery A. win B. won C. had won D. would won
Exercise 3: Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same
1. What would you do if you found some buried treasure? If you were ______________
2. Working so much will make you tired If you __________________ lOMoAR cPSD| 45619127
3. We didn’t visit the museum because we hadn’t time We would ______________
4. Without you, I would have given up years ago If it ___________________
5. We didn’t go by air only because we hadn’t enough money If we __________________
6. If by any chance you find my wallet, could you let me know? If you should ____________
7. I regret not studying hard last term If only _________________
8. He didn’t work hard at school, so he didn’t get a good job when he left If _____________________
9. People don’t do enough exercise, so there is a lot of heart disease If people _______________
10. Children have bad teeth because they eat too many sweets
Children would have better teeth if ______________
Exercise 4: Chia động từ trong ngoặc
1. If we meet at 9:30, we (to have) plenty of time.
2. Lisa would find the milk if she (to look) in the fridge.
3. The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she (to feed) the animals.
4. If you spoke louder, your classmates (to understand) you.
5. Dan (to arrive) safe if he drove slowly.
6. You (to have) no trouble at school if you had done your homework.
7. If you (to swim) in this lake, you‘ll shiver from cold.
8. The door will unlock if you (to press) the green button.
9. If Mel (to ask) her teacher, he‘d have answered her questions.
10. I (to call) the office if I was/were you. lOMoAR cPSD| 45619127 Exercise 5
1. Stop talking or you will wake the children up.
→ If………………………………………..….…….
2. I lost her number, so I didn’t ring her up.
→If………………………………………..….……..
3. Mary got lost because she didn’t have a map.
→ If …………………………………….……..…….……
4. Linda felt sick because she ate lots of cakes.
→……………………………………………..……
5. June is so fat because of his eating so many chips.
→……………………………………………..…… ĐÁP ÁN
Exercise 2: Choose the best answer to complete the sentences: 1. C 6. C 2. B 7. A 3. B 8. A 4. D 9. C 5. C 10. B
Exercise 3: Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same
1. If you were to find some buried treasure, what would you do?
2. If you didn’t work so much, you wouldn’t be tired
3. We would have visited the museum if we had had time
4. If it hadn’t been for you, I would have given up years ago
5. If we had had enough money, we would have gone by air
6. If you should find my wallet, could you let me know?
7. If only I had studied hard last tern
8. If he had worked hard at school, he would have got a good job when he left lOMoAR cPSD| 45619127
9. If people did enough exercise, they wouldn’t have/ get heart disease
10. Children would have better teeth if they didn’t eat too many sweets Exercise 4
1. If we meet at 9:30, we will have plenty of time.
2. Lisa would find the milk if she looked in the fridge.
3. The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she had fed the animals.
4. If you spoke louder, your classmates would understand you.
5. Dan would arrive safe if he drove slowly.
6. You would have had no trouble at school if you had done your homework.
7. If you swim in this lake, you‘ll shiver from cold.
8. The door will unlock if you press the green button.
9. If Mel had asked her teacher, he‘d have answered her questions.
10. I would call the office if I was/were you. Exercise 5
1. If you keep talking, you will wake the children up.
2. If I hadn’t lost her number, I would have rung her up.
3. If Mary had had a map, she wouldn’t have got lost.
4. If Linda hadn’t eaten lots of cakes, she wouldn’t have felt sick.
5. If June ate less chips, he wouldn’t be fat.