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Các động từ khuyết thiếu thường gặp
Mỗi động từ khuyết thiếu sẽ có một ý nghĩa và chức năng riêng biệt. Vì vậy chúng ta phải nắm rõ cách dùng của từng từ để có thể vận dụng linh hoạt trong ielts tiếng Anh cũng như tránh những nhầm lẫn không đáng có. Hãy cùng Step Up tổng hợp lại một số động từ khuyết thiếu thường gặp nhất qua bảng ngay sau nhé.
Động từ khuyết thiếu | Chức năng | Ví dụ | Chú ý |
Can: có thể | Diễn tả khả năng tại hiện tại hoặc tương lai về ai đó có thể làm được những gì hoặc một sự việc có thể sắp xảy ra. |
| Can và Could trong ielts tiếng Anh còn được sử dụng trong các câu hỏi, câu đề nghị, xin phép và yêu cầu. Ví dụ:
|
Could: có thể (dạng quá khứ của “can”) | Diễn đạt một khả năng xảy ra trong thì quá khứ | My daughter could read books when she was only four years old. | |
Have to: phải | Diễn tả sự cần thiết phải làm điều gì nhưng là do tác động bởi yếu tố khách quan (nội quy, quy định…) | “You have to stop smoking.” Her doctor said. | Don’t have to = Don’t need to (không cần thiết phải làm gì) |
Must: phải, chắc hẳn |
|
| Mustn’t – chỉ sự một cấm đoán Ví dụ:
|
May: có thể | Diễn tả điều gì có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại | It may rain today | May và might còn có thể dùng để xin phép. Nhưng might ít sử dụng trong văn nói, chủ yếu sử dụng trong câu gián tiếp: Ví dụ:
|
Might: có thể (dạng quá khứ của “may”) | Diễn tả điều gì có thể xảy ra ở quá khứ (cũng có thể dùng cho hiện tại nhưng ít khả năng hơn “may”) | Who has just called Lam might be June. | |
Will: sẽ |
|
| Will và Would còn được dùng trong câu đề nghị, yêu cầu và lời mời Ví dụ:
|
Would: sẽ (quá khứ của “will”) | diễn tả một giả định xảy ra hoặc một dự đoán về sự việc có thể xảy ra trong quá khứ | I would go picnicking if it didn’t rain. | |
Shall: sẽ | Thường dùng để xin ý kiến và lời khuyên. (Hiện nay “will” được sử dụng nhiều hơn so với “shall”) | Where shall we eat tomorrow evening? | |
Should: nên |
|
| |
Ought to: nên | Chỉ sự bắt buộc, có tính chất mạnh hơn “Should” nhưng bé hơn “Must” | You ought not to eat ice cream at night. |
II. Bài tập Modal verb
Exercise 1. Choose the best option for each sentence:
1) Young people ______ obey their parents.
a. must
b. may
c. will
d. ought to
2) Laura, you and the kids just have dinner without waiting for me. I ______ work very hard today.
a. can
b. may
c. should
d. would
3) I ______ be delighted to show you round the factory.
a. ought to
b. would
c. might
d. can
4) Leave early so that you ______ miss the bus.
a. didn’t
b. won’t
c. shouldn’t
d. mustn’t
5) Jenny's engagement ring is enormous! It ______ have cost a fortune
a. must
b. might
c. will
d. should
6) You ______ to write them today.
a. should
b. must
c. had
d. ought
7) I hope I ______ find it.
a. will
b. shall
c. could
d. must
8) Unless he runs he______ catch the train.
a. will
b. mustn’t
c. wouldn’t
d. won’t
9) ______ you be in Rome tonight.
a. will
b. may
c. might
d. maybe
10) We ______ have time to help you tomorrow.
a. may
b. must
c. will
d. could.
11) "______ you hand me that pair of scissors, please?"
a. May
b. Will
c. Shall
d. Should
12) Jeanette did very badly on the exam. She _____ harder.
a. must have studied
b. should have studied
c. could have studied
d. must studied
13) He was very lucky when he fell off the ladder. He _____ himself.
a. could have hurt
b. should have hurt
c. must have hurt
d. will have hurt
14) Marcela didn't come to class yesterday. She _____ an accident.
a. should have had
b. might have
c. must have
d. may have had
15) John still hasn't come out. He ______ everything for the trip now.
a. must have been preparing
b. will be preparing
c. must be preparing
d. will have prepared
16) Thomas received a warning for speeding. He _____ so fast.
a. shouldn't have driven
b. would have driven
c. should have
d. might have driven
17) The photos are black. The X-ray at the airport _____ them.
a. should have damaged
b. would have damaged
c. would damage
d. must have damaged
18) Tom didn't do his homework, so the teacher became very angry. He _____ his homework.
a. must have done
b. should have done
c. might have
d. will have done
19) My car stopped on the high way. It _____ out of gas
a. may run
b. may have run
c. must be
d. should have run
20) Robert arrived without his book. He _____ it.
a. could have lost
b. should have lost
c. would have lost
d. will have lost
21) "Where do you think Rooney is today?". "I have no idea. He _____ late."
a. should have left
b. would have sleep
c. would sleep
d. may have sleep
22) Berbatov painted his bedroom black. It looks dark and dreary. He _____ a different color.
a. had to choose
b. should have chosen
c. must have chosen
d. could have been choosing
23) The children _____ "thank you" to you when you gave them their gifts.
a. will have said
b. must say
c. should have said
d. should say
24) If we had known your new address, we _____ to see you.
a. came
b. would have come
c. will come
d. would come
25) These two boys look identical. They _____ twins.
a. must have been
b. must be
c. should be
d. should have been
Viết lại các câu sau bằng các từ đã cho
1. It was quite unnecessary for you to carry all those parcels home yourself.
You ……………………………………………………………………………
2. I’m sure it wasn’t Mrs. Mai you saw because she is in Boston.
It can’t …………………………………………………………………
3. Maybe John’s working this weekend.
John ……………………………………………………………………………
4. I didn’t apologize. That was wrong of me.
I should …………………………………………………………………………
5. It wasn’t necessary for me to go out after all.
I needn’t ………………………………………………………………………………
6. I’m sure that you didn’t lock the front door. Here is the key.
You can’t …………………………………………………………………………
7. It was careless of you to leave the windows open last night.
You shouldn’t ……………………………………………………………………………
8. I’m sure Alison made arrangement. I recognized her voice.
It must ……………………………………………………………………
9. I’m sure he didn’t know that his brother was seriously ill.
He couldn’t possibly ……………………………………………………………………………
10. I am sure it was Judy that I saw in town this morning
It must ………………………………………………………………………………
Fill in the blanks using MUST, MUSTN’T, DON’T HAVE TO, SHOULD, SHOULDN’T, MIGHT, CAN,CAN’T
1. Rose _________________ be good playes. They has won many prizes !
2. You _________________ pay to use the library. It’s free.
3. I’m not sure where my husband is at the moment. He _________________ be at the gym.
4. Jerry _________________ be working today. He never works on Sundays.
5. You _________________ be 18 to see that horror film.
6. You _________________ hear this radio program. It’s very funny.
7. Dad _________________ go to the hospital. His cough is getting worse all the time.
8. You don’t have to shout. I _________________ hear you very well.
9. It _________________ be him. I saw him a week ago, and he didn’t look like that.
10. You look pretty tired. I think you _________________ go to bed early tonight.
Đáp án:
1. Rose ______must__________ be good player. They has won many prizes !
2. You ________don't have to_________ pay to use the library. It’s free.
3. I’m not sure where my husband is at the moment. He ________might_________ be at the gym.
4. Jerry _________can't ________ be working today. He never works on Sundays.
5. You __________must_______ be 18 to see that horror film.
6. You _________must________ hear this radio program. It’s very funny.
7. Dad _________should________ go to the hospital. His cough is getting worse all the time.
8. You don’t have to shout. I ________can_________ hear you very well.
9. It ________can't_________ be him. I saw him a week ago, and he didn’t look like that.
10. You look pretty tired. I think you _________should________ go to bed early tonight.
Fill in the blanks using MUST, CAN’T, MAY, MIGHT, COULD, SHOULD, SHOULDN’T and the PAST FORMS of them !
1. Sally looks worried . She _____________ a problem with something (HAVE).
2. Bob __________ at school because I haven’t seen him all day (BE).
3. I _______ you the money. Why didn’t you ask me (LEND)
4. Mr Travis hasn’t come to work yet. He has never been late for work. He _________ the bus (MISS).
5. She knew everything about our plans. She _______ to our conversation (LISTEN)
6. A: Will you come to my birthday party tomorrow afternoon ?
B : I’m sorry but I ______ because I have to look after my sister. (COME)
