CAE Exam Course book Notes 09 Table of Contents 1
SPEAKING.................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1
EXAM OVERVIEW – USE OF ENGLISH...........................................................................................3 2
WRITING....................................................................................................................................... 5 2.1
EXAM OVERVIEW – WRITING..........................................................................................................5 2.1.1
General.............................................................................................................................. 5 2.1.1
Article................................................................................................................................. 6 2.1.2
Review............................................................................................................................... 7 2.1.3
Proposal............................................................................................................................. 8 2.1.4
Report................................................................................................................................ 8 2.1.5
Letter.................................................................................................................................. 9 2.1.6
Contribution to book...........................................................................................................9 2.1.7
Information leaflet............................................................................................................. 10 2.1.8
Character reference......................................................................................................... 10 3
USE OF ENGLISH....................................................................................................................... 11 3.1
EXAM OVERVIEW – USE OF ENGLISH.........................................................................................11 3.2
PREPOSITION AFTER VERB...............................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 3.3
PREPOSITION AFTER ADJECTIVE / NOUN..................................................................................13 3.4
PHRASAL VERBS............................................................................................................................14 3.5
VERB + NOUN................................................................................................................................. 16 3.6
ADJECTIVE + NOUN.......................................................................................................................18 3.7
WORD + ADJECTIVE............................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 3.1
ADVERB + ADJECTIVE COLLOCATIONS......................................................................................19 3.2
COMPOUND ADJECTIVES.............................................................................................................19 3.3
PREFIXES........................................................................................................................................ 20 3.4
SYNONYMS / OPPOSITES..................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 3.5
WORD TRANSFORMATION............................................................................................................21 3.6
ERRORS.......................................................................................................................................... 24 3.7
PRONUNCIATION............................................................................................................................26 3.8
EXPRESSIONS................................................................................................................................ 26 3.9
VOCABULARY................................................................................................................................. 31 4
LISTENING.................................................................................................................................. 35 4.1
EXAM OVERVIEW – LISTENING....................................................................................................35 5
READING.................................................................................................................................... 36 5.1
Exam Overview – Reading...............................................................................................................36 2 1 SPEAKING 1.1
Exam Overview – Use of English Speaking 15minutes Parts Tasks Part 1 Interview (3 minutes) Introduction Introductory topics Part 2
Individual long turn (4 minutes) Candidate1 - set of pictures Candidate2 - pictures - 1 min talking - 1 min talking Candidate2 - pictures Candidate1 - pictures
- 30 sec comment / ask a question to C1 - 30 sec comment C2 Part 3 Col aborative task (4 minutes) Set of pictures
- dialogue / communication - interaction
- examiner wil ask for the conclusion that has been agreed
"what about you" - interaction!
Prove communicational skills  What do you think?  What would you...?
 Which one would you choose?  What about you?  What do you reckon? Part 4
Three-way conversation (4 minutes)
3 way discussion between the 2 candidates and the examiner
Related to what you have done in the task
The interlocutor leads the discussion On the picture... ...in the top left corner... ...in the top right corner... 3 In the picture in the
In the picture in the middle on middle on the left the right ...in the bottom left corner...
...in the bottom right corner... 4 2 WRITING 2.1
Exam Overview – Writing Writing
1’30 hours – 2 parts Parts Tasks Part 1
Compulsory task (180-220 words) Part 2
A choice from 5 options (220-260 words?) 2.1.1 General W Who am I writing to? R
Reason why am I writing? Register Formal / Informal I
Include - what information is necessary? T
Task type - what is it (report, letter, essay, proposal, leaflet…) - does this affect my layout? E Edit – correct 
Content - does the text answer the question? Are al the points ful y covered? 
Organisation and Cohesion - does the text flow?  Accuracy
 Range of vocabulary  Register  Target reader General Markers Of course, Anyhow, Anyway, Not only that, As wel as that, As a matter of fact, Besides that, Having said that, Wel , actual y, Mind you, Generalising Al the things considered, General y speaking, Opinion Understandably, Strangely, Annoyingly, Judging by what they said, Natural y, Comment 5 General Not only that, As we shal see, Arguably, Evidently, In fact, Admitting Granted, Admittedly,
Impersonal report structures It is claimed that… It has been suggested that… It is known that… It is hoped that… Writing numbers
18-year-olds these days are very naughty.
Numbers under 12 - write them out. (noun) My son is 18 years old.
I have an 18-year-old son. (adj) 2.1.1 Article  large audience  semi-formal / informal  keeping interest  start with a question Addressing the reader
 Have you ever wondered (what X would be like if)...?
 If the answer is (yes), you (should have)…  As you know,
 Doesn't it just make everyone feel (positive about)…?  From now on, let's… Giving your opinion
 We know from (the emails we received)…
 If we are going to (make our college)…  Not (an easy task)… 
It has clearly been a good idea…
 For the first time that any of us can remember,…
Conveying information (expresando, transmitiendo, comunicando)  On the (day itself)…
 The (editor) has received…
 Judging from the emails we have received…  The idea was that… 6 2.1.2 Review  target reader  semi-formal  organisation
 tends to end with recommendations Making evaluations  Particularly memorable  a bit flat  entirely predictable  almost inaudible  truly original  incredibly stylish  real y lively  entertaining  excruciatingly boring  profoundly moving  total y unconvincing  quite sophisticated  over the top  absolutely hilarious  extremely popular  refreshingly different  riveting viewing
Comparing and contrasting
 X is a bit / considerably more original than...
 X isn't quite as good as...
 While / Whereas X is..., Y is...  Neither... / Both... Balancing an opinion
 I found..., but... . However, ...  Although..., ...  Even so, ...
 Despite this / In spite of this / And yet...  On the other hand, ... Expressing preferences  If I had to choose one...  I'd rather... Than...  I much prefer...  Give me... Any day! Summarising  So, ...  Al in al , ...
 Quite simply, this is the best... 7 2.1.3 Proposal  (refer to the future)  Formal
 headlines, NO bul et points
 tends to end with recommendations
 It is clear (from customer feedback) that…
 The last year's results have been…
 With regard to…, the general view seems to be…
 To raise the profile of the centre,
 The aim of the proposal is to…
 Perhaps the most effective way of…
 If the centre is to attract more customers, it is vital…  A programme of… could…
 We recommend that… should…
 It would be a good idea to…
 We suggest / propose that… / -ing  We urge… to… 2.1.4 Report  (refer to the past)  Formal  specific target reader
 headlines, bul et points, objectives  Structure: * Intro
* Headlines, text and bul et points * Recommendations Introduction
 The main purpose/ principal aim of this report is to…
 This report is intended to…
 This report describes/ discuses / provides… Generalising
 In the main… / In general… / On the whole…  It seems that everyone… Talking about specifics
 (This year) it was decided…
 (Collections) were carried out…
 (Assistance) was provided by…
 (The total raised) exceeded…
 (A campaign appeal) was launched to…
 The largest part of (the sum raised came from…)
 (A large amount of money) was raised by… 8
Concluding / Making recommendations  To sum up / To summarise  In short / In conclusion
 In light of (this year´s experience)
 In my view, in future, we should…  It is recommended that…
 My recommendations are as follows: General
 This report outlines / looks at…
 The aim of this report is to…
 In recent days… / Recently…  At present…  On the whole…
 This report is based on… / draws on…  I conducted…
 According to (some students), …
 I might wel be that… but…
 In light of the above, we believe the following measures…
 In the short / long term, we suggest you should consider…
 To improve the situation, we recommend… 2.1.5 Letter  Dear Sir / Madam
 Yours faithful y - we don't know the name of the person
 Yours sincerely - we do know the name of the person  Best wishes / Regards
 Register depends on the person you are writing to 2.1.6
Contribution to book Drawing in the reader
 If there's one place that real y…, it is…
 This is not just another…, but a…
 If you want a different kind of experience, …
 If you have a few hours to spare, …is wel worth seeing. Describing location
 Located / Situated (just a few miles away from / outside) is...
 Built (by the side of / just next to…) is…  Just beyond (the…) is…
 Some (…) minutes from… stands… 9
Giving background information  Throughout its history, …
 …is by far the oldest… / was the first… / is the best-known…
 Original y a…, but now…  In recent years, …  Known local y as…, … Describing attractions
 What is particularly (spectacular) is…
 Recent additions / changes include… 2.1.7
Information leaflet 2.1.8
Character reference 10 3 USE OF ENGLISH 3.1
Exam Overview – Use of English Use of English
1 hour – 5 parts – 50 questions Parts Tasks Part 1
Multiple-choice cloze (12 questions) Part 2 Open cloze (15 questions) Part 3
Word transformation (10 questions) Part 4 Gapped sentences (5 questions) Part 5
Key word transformations (8 questions)
3.2 Preposition after Verb Preposition after Verb Verb Preposition Example Accuse of
The headmaster accused the boy of stealing. against + ing / to do advise (sbd) sth
His accountant advised him against investing in government bonds.
The government has launched a new scheme aimed at reducing Aim at youth unemployment. (to someone) for
I must apologise for not replying sooner, but I am afraid I´ve been Apologise (sth) rather busy lately. approve of
My parents don´t approve of smoking. with someone about
I argued with the policeman about the ticket he gave me. Argue sth Attribute to
What do you attribute your success to? Believe in
Don´t you believe in God? blame (sbd) for +ing
The Gypsies were blamed for the robbery. burst into
The piece of paper burst into flames. Care for
I don´t really care for Jazz; I find it a bit boring. (not like) Care about
I really care about what happens to the environment. Charge with
The man was arrested and charged with murder. Complain To sbd about
My wife is always complaining to me about her boss.
An already difficult operation was complicated by the fact that the Complicate by
patient had a history of heart disease.
After studying for 2 hours, it becomes difficult to concentrate on your concentrate on work. Confess to +ing
He confessed to having eaten all the cookies.
My brother once confided in me the fact that he was in love with confide in
someone thirty yrs older than himself. Convert into
They converted their attic into a bedroom. convicted of
He was convicted of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment.
It amazes me how some women can cope with both a job and a Cope with family.
The only way to cure someone from biting their nails is to knock their cure from teeth out! Decide on
I haven´t decided on a colour for the new poster. Depend on (sbd) for (sth)
I depend on my sister for support. Disapprove of
His parents disapprove of his new girlfriend. Discourage someone from
He tried to discourage them from visiting. discuss (sth) with
I need to discuss something important with you. End with (sth)
He ended the speech with a toast to the bride and groom. get annoyed with
I get very annoyed with people who don´t queue at bus stops. 11 Preposition after Verb Verb Preposition Example get tired of
I think my girlfriend is getting tired of me. hear of
I´ve never heard of him. Is he famous? Hear about
Did you hear about the accident? insist on
He insisted on helping the old woman with her bags. insist on sbd doing sth
He insisted on my accompanying him to the bar.
One person I always laugh at when I see him on television is the laugh at comedian Dave Allen. laugh about
We laughed about the things we had got up to the night before. *look forward to
I look forward to seeing you again. [look forward + to + -ing]
I object to the way some people look down on you just because you Object to
happen to be a foreigner. Permit to
We were not permitted to talk in class. Prevent from
As a result of his injury he was prevented from playing in the game. with someone about
We quarrelled about who should pay the bill. quarrel sth Refuse to
Jack refuses to admit that he likes Susan.
Remember that I´m relying on you to see that there´s no trouble at Rely on the party on Saturday. remind of / about
They remind us of the growing body of evidence suggesting that… Reputed to
She is reputed to be the best in the world. Resort to +ing
recurrir a He resorted to cheating in order to win the game. Responsible for
Who is responsible for spilling ink over my book?
The fall in the stock market resulted in serious losses for his Result in company. Shout at
The player was sent off for shouting at the referee Shout to
John shouted to his friend on the other side of the street.
Although I've tried many times, I've never once succeeded in giving succeed in
up smoking for more than a few days. Suspect of +ing
He was suspected of being a spy. think of
Can you think of a synonym for 'stubborn'? Think about
I will think about it.
She thrives on competition, the tougher the opponent the better she Thrive on plays 3.2
Preposition after Adjective / Noun
Preposition after Adjective 12 Adjective Preposition Adjective Preposition able to Keen On Afraid Of nervous about / of annoyed at / with sbd preferable to capable of preoccupied with committed To protective Towards/of disappointed about / at / with Proud Of disappointed in sbd relaxed About eager To scared of enthusiastic About sceptical Of excited about / by / at Sorry about sth / for +ing grateful For/to surprised At/by impressed with / by suspicious of / about insistent On worried about Preposition after Noun Noun Preposition Noun Preposition amazement At increase In Anger about / at insistence on apology For point in / of Belief In prospect of Delay In success in effect Of taste for 3.3 Phrasal Verbs Phrasal Verbs Phrasal Verb Meaning bounce back recover quickly bring about to cause 13 Phrasal Verbs Phrasal Verb Meaning bring along traer (Bring a friend along!) bring down
traer, bajar / derribar (gobierno), rebajar (precio) bring up
educar, plantear (asunto), vomitar bump into
chocar contra, toparse con alguien
If both parties in the strike cannot agree, then the Government are call in to
sometimes called in to arbitrate. carry on with Continuar con carry through
sostener a alguien, hacer algo a pesar de los problemas
ganar popularidad, darse cuenta (Some new fashions take a long time to catch on catch on with the public) catch up on sth ponerse al dia en algo catch up with sbd
alcanzar, ponrerse al nivel, ponerse al dia con alguien come down to ser cuestión de come forward
ofrecerse / mover hacia delante, avanzar come up
subir, salir, acercarse, surgir cool off / down
enfriarse, refrescarse, calmarse cut back on cut back on the amount of… cut down on Reducer die out desparecer, extinguirse do away with eliminar, acabar con, abolir drag down
Tirar abajo, desbaratar, arruinar draw on
(ahorros) recurrir a / (experiencia) aprovecharse de drop in on
pay someone a short, casual visit, presentarse sin avisar (pay a visit) drop off
Decrecer, quedar dormido, dejar (en coche) drop out of
withdraw from something (e.g. a race) face up to
accept something (e.g. an unpleasant fact), afrontar fall back on
Recurrir, apoyarse en, contar con el apoyo de fall out (with sbd)
They have fallen out (with each other) = They are not friends anymore. feed on Alimentarse de fit out with Equipar con gather in
recoger (They gathered in the harvest before the cold weather set in) get along with llevarse bien con get around/round to
manage to find time to do sth (often after a long delay) get away with salir impune get hold of sth Conseguir una cosa get on with llevarse bien con get over
recuperarse de (enfermedad), superar (obstáculo) give off emitir, desprender give out Ditribuir, fallar, go in for Soler gustar go on to Hacer algo a continuación. hand back Devolver hand in entregar, presenter hang around / about
perder el tiempo / esperar sin motivo 14 Phrasal Verbs Phrasal Verb Meaning hang on to
keep sth instead of selling it or giving it away hold on to keep, agarrarse a lead up to proceder, llevar a look back on remember, think about the past look down on sbd mirar por encima del hombro a look out for watch for sth or sbd make off with
(robar) e.g.: Thieves made off with over a million dollars in the robbery. make up for compensate for miss out on Lose the chance to do sth pluck up the courage to do something Armarse de valor pull off Succeed pull through Survive
It was Pat who put forward the idea of going to the new health centre. put forward Proponer put on
Engordar(weight), ponerse (ropa), encender (luz), abrir (gas) send out for
(order take away by phone) e.g.: We sent out for a pizza last night. set off
Hacer sonarn(alarma), hacer estallar (bomba), partir, salir set out proponerse, arreglar, siponer stand in for
take someone’s place or job for a short time stand out destacarse, sobresalir
(respaldar, apoyar) e.g.: Sometimes you have to stand uo for your stand up for principles. start off
make something begin with a specific start stick out
sobresalir, esaltar, aguantar algo (stick it out) stroll through
Dar una vuelta por (lentamente) take after
parecerse a, salir a: she really takes after her father take back devolver, recuperar, retirar take part in Participar take up
take up an offer, take up a hobby/sport – aceptar, empezar trudge along caminar fatigosamente turn down Reject turn up
subir, levantar / acudir, presentarse, aparecer weigh up
consider both sides carefully (weigh up what's more important). win over/around
ganarse a alguien, conseguir el apoyo, convencer wipe out acabar con, erradicar work off
quemar (calorias), desahogarse, librarse (get rid of) work up to Juntar valor para 15 Phrasal Verbs Phrasal Verb Meaning 3.4 Verb + Noun Verb + Noun Verb Noun achieve a goal, a target, an ambition apply a cream to skin contract
malaria, hepatitis, pneumonia (not backache) cut Costs decline numbers (Population declined) diagnose
an illness, a problem, a condition disturb the peace draw
attention, conclusions, sbd into a discussion, on research foretell the future gain access, insight into sth gather, collect, come across Information instal Machinery, computer programs launch a campaign Let slip Standards make
decisions, sacrifices, mistakes make an impact place an object or a person point to a fact or person pursue Career put on Record run the risk 16 spend, kill, take Time take
a risk, the plunge, a chance, notes (write down), notice (observe sth) Noun + Verb Noun Verb Noun Verb accident Happens time flies alarm clock goes off war breaks out bomb Explodes darkness Falls day Breaks doorbell Rings fire Burns ice melts in the sun kettle boils memories fade plane lands river flows strike is called the sun rises in the east 3.5 Adjective + Noun Adjective + Noun Adjective Noun Adjective Noun abrupt statement identical twins active volcano insatiable appetite interest / all-consuming preoccupation/passion lasting impression ambiguous law memorable occasion suburban house / grey ample / firm evidence nondescript suit bad temper open mind brief glimpse personal goal bright colour, idea, side phenomenal achievement / increase casual clothes popular press contrived story / comedy positive outlook convenient arrangement practical joke countless reasons public scrutiny creaking hinge real world daily life religious convictions deadly poison renewable energy deep principles residential area dense fog roaring fire different perspective rough guess, estimate disused coal-mine rugged coastline exact attention (to detail) sheltered upbringing fatal accident social skills ferocious animal solar / nuclear / wind power 17 flat tyre strong possibility fragrant smell strong / high wind future generations survival skills public (not common / general ordinary public!) thorough research, investigation gifted musician, actor torrential rain golden opportunity truly remarkable heated discussion unwritten ending highly exclusive vast / large array (of sth) household name vicious satire / headache household name wide array huge impact world-wide scale ideal way wrapping paper 3.6
Adverb + Adjective Collocations Adverb + Adjective Adverb Adjective Collocations absolutely Furious almost / virtually Identical bitterly cold / disappointed / opposed completely
different / incomprehensible / new / sure deeply
ashamed / attached / divided / unhappy entirely
beneficial / different / satisfactory fairly / quite / pretty Similar heavily armed / dependent / polluted highly
contagious / critical / intelligent / likely / sensitive/ valuable / trained painfully
aware / obvious / sensitive / slow perfectly
balanced / normal / safe / serious pretty / quite / fairly Cheap quite / slightly / somewhat unusual rather / really Pleased seriously
damaged / hurt / rich / wealthy totally
harmless / inadequate / unbelievable / unique utterly
different / disastrous / impossible / useless virtually Empty widely
available / held / publicised / used 18 3.7 Compound adjectives Compound Adjectives Adding Suffixes left- / right- / single- handed sugar-free half- / light- / broken- hearted lead-free man- / hand- / self- made fat-free open- / narrow- / broad- minded rent-free ful - / part- / first- time debt-free interest-free trouble-free tax-free 3.8 Prefixes Prefixes Prefix Word Prefix Word un able im measurable un acceptably im moral in accessible un original in adequate im patient re/dis appear im penetrable pre arrange im perceptible un bearable un pleasant in calculable im polite in capable over/under/un populated un caring over/em power un changeable un predictable un comfortable re/mis print in complete un profitable non- conformist dis qualify dis content ir rational under/over/pre- cook im mediately en danger im measurable pre date im moral re/over/co- develop un original in dispensable im patient in distinguishable im penetrable over/re drawn im perceptible co- education un pleasant pre-/co exit im polite in experience over/under/un populated in formal over/em power in hospitable un predictable un intended un predictable un interrupted re/over/mis print mis lay (perder) un profitable 19 Prefixes Prefix Word Prefix Word il legal dis qualify il literate ir rational il logical ir rational un ravel un realistic ir relevant ir responsible ir reversible en rich un safe pre- school in secure in sensitive un sociable un stable un suited in tolerable un well co- worker un / im / in / dis / irr / non
not, the opposite (unbelievable, non-fiction) Mis
wrong (misunderstand = entender, comprender mal) Co together, with (co-production) en / em
cause to be, make into (enlarge) Re
again, in a different way (replace) Under not sufficient (underpaid) Over too much (overpaid) Pre before (prefix) well-
[quantitative] a large amount / to a great degree (well-known) well-
[qualitative] pleasing / successful (well-attached) well-
established, paid, travelled, worn off-
not happening / located in usual place (off-stage) off-
not the case' (off-balance, off-peak) off- duty, guard, line, road, track self-
how people feel about themselves (self-consciousness) self-
actions done to or by oneself (self-made, self-defence) self-
automatic' (self-cleaning, self-locking) self-
assured, confident, important, respecting, satisfied low- not high or complex (low-key) low-
level, paid, profile, risk, tech 20 Prefixes Prefix Word Prefix Word 3.9 Word Transformation Word Transformation Noun Verb Adjective Adverb acceptance accept Acceptable acceptably accuracy Accurate accurately Advisably / advice Advise Advisable / advised advisedly affection affect affectionate affectionately aggression aggressive aggressively amusement amuse amused / amusing Amusedly/amusingly arrogance arrogant arrogantly atmosphere atmospheric atmospherically attendance / attention attend Attending beauty beautify beautiful beautiful y BELIEF BELIEVE (UN)BELIEVEABLE (UN)BELIEVABLY breadth broaden broad broadly character / characteristic characterise characteristic (un)characteristically choice choose Choice / chosen collapsing collapse Collapsible COMFORT comfort (un) COMFORTABLE COMFORTABLY company (compañía) / companion (compañero) accompany accompanying complaint complain Complaining confidence confide confident confidently confrontation confront Confrontational Confrontationally consumption consume Consuming contentment content Content Contently contradiction contradict contradictory Contradictorily controlling / control control (un)controllable Controllably Count Count countless cruelty cruel cruel y curiosity curious curiously danger endanger dangerous dangerously death die Dying/deadly decision decide decisive Decisively defender/ defence defend Defensive Defensively dependency / dependable / Dependently / independence depend (in)dependent independently deepen depth (profundizar) deep / in-depth (a fondo) devotion devote Devoted Devotedly 21 Word Transformation Noun Verb Adjective Adverb difference differ Different Differently discerning (exigente, con discern criterio) discerningly discern discovery discover Discovered/undiscovered Distinction Distinguish distinctive Distinctively diversity Diverse Diversely drink drink Drinkable/drunk Drunkenly economical (barato) / economy economise economic (economia) Economical y energy energise energetic Energetically envious / (un)enviable / envy envy envied (envidiado) enviably / enviously exaggeration exaggerate Exaggerated Exaggeratedly exception except exceptional exceptionally excess exceed excessive Excessively EXCITEMENT EXCITE EXCITING/ EXCITED EXCITEDLY fashion fashion (crear) fashionable (a la moda) Fashionably flight fly Flying Forget Forgettable / forgetful (un) forgetfully fun Funny / Fun Funnily generalisation / generality generalise general generally happiness (un) happy (un) happily hazard (peligro, hazardous (peligroso, riesgo) hazard (arriesgar) arriesgado) Hazardously height heighten high highly hesitation (pause) / hesitancy (slowness hesitate hesitating / hesitant (un)hesitantly history historical / historic Historically Hopeful y / hope hope hopeful/ hopeless Hopelessly ideal idealise ideal Ideally imagination imagine Imagined/imaginative Imaginatively IMPORTANCE / IMPORTANT IMPORTANTLY inconvenience inconvenience Inconvenient Inconveniently influence influence Influential Influentially innocence innocent Innocently innovation innovate Innovative Innovatively intention intend intended / unintended Intentionally isolation isolate Isolated jealousy jealous Jealously judgment / judgement / judge judge judgmental Judgmentally Knowledgably / KNOWLEDGE KNOW Knowledgeable / knowing knowingly last last / lasting (duradero) lastly (por último), last length lengthen Long / lengthy Lengthily LIFE / LIVES LIVE LIVING/ALIVE/LIVE/LIVELY loneliness Lone / Lonely materialism materialistic materialistical y 22 Word Transformation Noun Verb Adjective Adverb neutrality neuter Neutral neutrally notice (aviso / letrero) notice Noticeable noticeably origin originate original / unoriginal originally participant/ participation participate Participating persistence persist Persistent Persistently PERSONALITY PERSONALISE PERSONAL PERSONALLY persuasion persuade persuasive Persuasively Pleasantly/ pleasurable / pleasant / pleasingly / pleasure please displeased / pleasing Pleasurably popularity popularise popular popularly POSSIBILITY / POSSIBLE POSSIBLY Empowering / powerful / Powerlessly / power empower powerless powerfully preoccupation preoccupy preoccupied price price Priceless / pricey product produce productive Productively profit profit profitable Profitably proof Prove Proven reality real really reason / reasonableness reason (razonar, reasonable / reasoned (sensatez) pensar) (argumentado, razonado) reasonably Recognised / (un) recognition Recognise recognisable (un) recognisably restriction restrict Restricted/restrictive Restrictively robbery / robber (ladrón) rob rudeness rude rudely safety / saviour (salvador) save safe Safely scrutiny scrutinise Seem Seeming / unseemly Seemingly speech speak Spoken / unspoken spirituality Spiritual / spirited Spiritedly / spiritually star Star Starry steeply (considerablemente, Steepen steep (empinado, brusco) bruscamente) strength strengthen Strong Strongly substance Substantial Substantially success succeed successful / unsuccessful (un) Successful y SURROUNDINGS SURROUND SURROUNDING / temptation tempt (tentar) Tempting temptingly THEATRE / THEATRICAL THEATRICALLY theft (robo) / thief (ladrón) Thieve Thieving tolerance Tolerate Tolerant / tolerable Tolerantly / tolerably TRADITION / TRADITIONAL TRADITIONALLY variance / variety vary various / varied / variable / Variably / variedly / 23 Word Transformation Noun Verb Adjective Adverb varying Variously width Widen wide widely 3.10 Errors Errors Errors Suit Colour red doesn't suit me. Fit
These trousers don’t fit me (size). Sensitive
feelings, mind (esp. = sensible) Sensible
right decisions (esp. = sensato) Yours faithfully
When you don't know the name of the person Yours sincerely
When you know the name of the person persistence dependence confidence assistance appearance existence performance preference correspondence responsible reversible believable breakable collapsible flexible defensible adjustable adaptable suitable Comma
Tel me what you are going to do next. Comma
Tel me, what are you going to do next?
Comma when main clause is after sub
If you kiss her, she wil get cross. clause
She'l get cross if you kiss her. Receipt Recibo / ticket Recipe [recipi] receta de cocina prescription receta medica 24 Errors No / Every Determiner None pronoun
Most of the words pronoun Most words determiner lose (V) perder loose (adj) suelto, flojo stationary estacionario stationery artículos de papelería complementary complementario complimentary elogioso effect (N)
efecto (Have a big effect on sbd.) affect (V)
afectar (How wil changes afect you?) though (prep) por, a través thorough (adj) cuidadoso, riguroso Heel
talón (anat.), tacón (of shoe) Heal curar, cicatrizar re-form rehacerse, reconstituirse Reform reformar / reforma break in entrar (a robar) break-in robo AS to be, fact LIKE not identical, but similar to
E.g.: He was working AS a security guard, but acted more LIKE the Chief of Police. 3.11 Pronunciation Pronunciation Oo oO Ooo oOo oOoo ooOo Anxious aware envious awareness psychology scientific Envy depress scientist depression psychologist Science depressed suffering depressing anxiety Suffer support sufferer supportive content (N) involve supporter involved involvement content (adj) 25 3.12 Expressions Expressions Be careful... cost of living the expense standard living quality (nivel de vida) way of life
of a community over a longer period Lifestyle
of an individual, easy to change Livelihood source of your money Living
what you earn to live on (He makes his living as a tour guide) Alive
vivo / to be alive (after a verb, not used before a noun) Living
only used before a noun (He's one of our greatest living poets) Lifelong
continuing / existing all through your life (adj) Lifetime
period of time that someone is alive (noun) live out
to live until the end of your life Outlive
to live longer than someone else
Comparatives and superlatives + easily the safest by far the safest a great deal safer
just about the safest (the safest but just by a little bit, other options close) one of the safest somewhat / slightly less safe far / considerably less safe nowhere near as safe - nothing like as safe Emphasise
What I'd real y like to change is to improve… / What…
What you need to do is take more exercise. The thing that…
The thing that surprises me most is … The place where…
The country where the most cosmetic surgery is performed is Brazil. The reason why…
The reason why many people have cosmetic surgery is to improve… Al …
All my sister has ever wanted is to look like a movie star.
Expressing opinions about the future
I am confident / optimistic that I predict that I fear that
It seems far-fetched to think that (far-fetched = exagerado)
I don't hold out any / much hope that I can't see any evidence that I (don't) think / believe that I'm sceptical of claims that On Heap prise on sbd
While theatre heaps praise on its writers, film is quite the other way round. Reflect on
Chal enging its audience to reflect on the subjects the boys are learning.
Set your heart on sth Tom was turned down flat by the school he had set his heart on attending. On a whim
He decided on a whim to go to Peru. 26 Do research on
He was doing research on the history associated with his trips. Writing As a matter of fact No, I am afraid I don't
Yes, I do, actual y. In fact… Wel , I suppose…
I've not made up my mind yet, but…
One of the things I like most…
I think / I believe / From my point of view But / (better) However
According to Einstein / According Belfast Telegraph
Very important - better = Vital y / Essential / Crucial y Expressions Expression Meaning / Example A card up his sleeve
Tener una carta debajo de la manga a fair bit of Bastante a great deal of Mucho against the odds Contra las probabilidades
Anything / nothing of the sort of Nada por el estilo Attention to detail Cuidado de los detalles be a means to an end Forma de proceder be a pushover Pan comido be a real plus Una verdadera ventaja be a weight off your mind quitarse un peso de encima be advisable to Ser aconsejable be an only child Ser hijo unico be at odds with sth En desacuerdo con be bored out of your mind Estar totalmente aburrido be bothered to do sth Tener ganas de hacer algo be deeply apprehensive Estar muy ansioso
be experienced in dealing with…
Tener experiencia en tratar con be fond of sth Ser aficionado de be forbidden Ser prohibido be full of yourself Ir de sobrado be in good company No ser el único Be off duty Estar fuera de servicio be on the verge of Estar a punto de be out to Tener la intención de be over the moon Estar contentísimo be preying on your mind Preocupandose be reliant on sth / sbd dependiente de algo / alguien be required to do sth Se requiere que hagas algo be set in your ways be short of money Andar corto de dinero be struck by sth Darse cuenta de algo
be suspicious of / about sth / sbd Tener sospechas de algo
be under no obligation to do sth
No tener ninguna obligacion de hacer algo beside the point No viene a caso 27 Expressions Expression Meaning / Example bow to popular pressure Break new ground. Hacer algo nuevo en un campo bring out the best in someone
sacar a la luz lo mejor que hay en algn bring to the attention of sbd Avisar a alguien Burst OUT laughing Estallar en carcajadas by a mile Con diferencia by word of mouth Por boca a boca capture the market Captar el mercado catch hold of someone / sth agarrar a alguien / algo club together Reunir dinero Come as no surprise to us. No sorprender en absoluto come in droves venir a manadas cut sth short Terminar algo antes de tiempo decide at short notice Decidir en ultimo momento Degree of accuracy Nivel de precisión down-to-earth Humilde / sencillo element of risk Factor de riesgo Entitle sbd to a reward
Dar derecho de una recompensa a alguien except for Excepto por expose yourself to so many needless risks
Exponerte a tantos riesgos innecesarios Fall out with sbd dejar de ser amigo de alguien
Fall over yourself to do something Intentar desesperadamente far and wide De costa a costa feel obliged to Sentir la obligación de feel sorry for someone Sentir lástima por alguien for a living Para ganarse la vida for the sake of it porque si, sin razon from the word go Desde el principio Generally speaking En general get away from it all Hacer una escapade get hooked on sth Engancharse a algo
get on the wrong side of someone Molestar a alguien get your own way salirse con las suyas give a pat on the back to sbd. Felicitar alguien give up hope of +ing Perder la esperanza de
Go down well (people like)/ Go down badly (people don't like) Ser bien/mal recibido Go off on the tangent Irse por las ramas Grip
Mantener la atencion o interes had better Debería
have / make a huge impact on sth / sbd Tener un gran impacto have a god sense of humour Tener un buen sentido de humor have a good eye for sth Tener buen ojo have a good grasp of sth Entender bien algo have a knack for sth / +ing tener habilidad para have a row Discutir have little chance of +ing Tener pocas posibilidades de have power over someone Tener poder sobre alguien have words with sbd Discutir con alguien 28 Expressions Expression Meaning / Example
hear sth (straight) from the horse's mouth Oir algo de primera mano help sbd out Ayudar a alguien hit it off
Llevarse bien desde el principio hit the roof Estallar en colera Hold out hope for sth Mantener la esperanza de algo I'd rather Preferiría I'd sooner A than B Preferiría A a B imagine + ing Imagínate In a quest for En busqueda de in all honesty Para ser totalmente honesto in deference to por respecto / deferencia a In excess of Más de In return a cambio in suspense En suspenso in the background En el fondo in the event of En caso de in the middle of nowhere En el medio de la nada introduce a ban Introducer una prohibición It doesn´t bother me at all No me molesta en absoluto it runs in the family. Es un rasgo familiar It's all plain sailing Es cosa fácil it's not a bed of roses No es una situacion comoda Just do as you are told
Simplemente haz lo que te digan Keep doing something
Hacer algo continuamente (negative) leap year año bisiesto let the cat out of the bag Revelar un secreto lift a ban Quitar una prohibición long since Hace tiempo ya look on the bright side
Mirar el lado bueno de las cosas lose faith in somebody Perder la fe en alguien lose yourself in sth Perderte en algo make a pledge to + inf Hacer una promesa manage to Lograr meet with someone´s approval Ganar la aprobacion de alguien miss the boat Perder una oportunidad more and more = to emphasise Cada vez más Never a dull moment Nunca es aburrido no laughing matter. No es asunto de risa Not be made of money No soy rico Not be wild about … No me fascina off and on De vez en cuando on a regular basis habitualmente on a whim
Antojadizamente (whim= capricho) on hand A mano one in a while De vez en cuando Over the top Excesivo / exagerado pass sbd over
No tener alguien en cuenta para algo play a crucial role Jugar un papel vital play a joke on someone Gastarle una broma a alguien pleasing to the eye agradable a la vista 29 Expressions Expression Meaning / Example pluck up the courage to do sth armarse the valor pump money into sth Invertir mucho dinero en algo push sbd / onself Urgir, presionar
Put more effort into sth / +ing Esforzarse más en algo put sth bluntly
Decir algo francamente, sin rodeos put your trust in sbd Confiar en alguien rabbit on about sth Hablar como un loro sobre algo reel of a list enumerar Regardless of the Sea cual sea el remain independent of / from Mantenerse idependiente de repeat sth parrot fashion Repetir algo sin entenderlo safety in numbers Cuanto más menos peligro show one´s ability Mostrar tus capacidades smell a rat Tener sospechas speak for itself Hablar por sí mismo stand accused of Estar acusado de
Sth suits me down to the ground. Me viene perfecto strike a chord Tocar la fibra sensible
strike the balance between X and X Encontrar el equilibrio entre succumbed to the temptation Rendirse ante la tentación swim against the tide Ir contra el corriente Take charge of sth Tomar control de algo take hold of encontrarse, agarrar take on board Asumir, entender, captar Take something back Retractarse de algo Take sth for granted Subestimar, dar por hecho take sth on trust Confiar take sth personally Tomarlo como algo personal take sth/someone at face value
Aceptar el significado literal de algo take the plunge Tomar el riesgo, casarse Take time over sth Tomarse tu tiempo con algo take yourself too seriously Tomarte demasiado en serio talk the hind leg off a donkey Hablar por los codos talk things through Hablar las cosas tempt fate provar al destino tempt fate Tentar a la suerte The key to his appeal La clave de su atractivo The more ... The more... Cuanto más … más There is no chance of No hay ninguna posibilidad de
There´s good chemistry between… Hay Buena quimica entre There´s not much sense in No tiene mucho sentido think nothing of sth No le importaría en absoluto throw away your money on Malgastar tu dinero en tie the knot Casarse tread on somebody´s toes Pisar los pies de algo turn the clock back Retrasar el reloj walk on eggshells ir con cuidado weigh up the pros and cons Evaluar los pros y contras went on a bit Alargar un poco would you mind + ing Te importaría Wouldn't say boo to a goose Ser timido 30 Expressions Expression Meaning / Example Yet, although Sin embargo, aunque 3.13 Vocabulary Vocabulary Word Meaning / Example al ure Encanto backpacking ir de excursión con mochila Clutch agarrar firmemente concrete Cemento curb frenar, poner freno a daring audaz, osado deceive Engañar deceptively Engañosamente deteriorate empeorar disbelief Incredulidad Drawback desventaja Dropout
Una persona que abandona los estudios epitomise tipificar feel tocar, palpar, sentir flaw defecto, error Fog niebla grab
agarrar, aprovechar, apropiarse de, l evarse grasp agarrar, aprovechar, captar grip agarrar, tener agarrado grown-up adulto half-hearted Carente de entusiasmo hardship Adversidad, dificultad hiccup Hipo, traspié hind Trasero itch picar (picor) manslaughter Homicidio inviluntario mast mastil, antenna munch Mascar outdo Superar, mejorar Outlive Vivir más que, sobrevivir a outstanding
espectacular, pendiente, sin resolver overwhelmed Abrumado Pat acariciar, ar palmaditas pick at picar (comida) pinpoint
Detal ar, precisar, localizar, preciso 31 Vocabulary Word Meaning / Example pliable maleable, flexible press apretar, prensar presumably es de suponer, se supone que punch pegarle a, perforar push empujar, apretar raise levantar, alzar / aumento rendered Hacer que algo sea… resilient fuerte, capacidad superación restore Restaurar, recuperar reverse
Revocar, invertir, reves, opuesto rise (rose / risen)
subir, crecer / subida, aumento rub frotar, restregar, masajear run dirigir scratch rascar(se), arañar, rasgar setback Reves, traspié slap
pegar una bofetada, dar una palmada spooky Espeluznante squeeze apretar, exprimir, extraer standby Espera, de repuesto starry estrel ado startling Asombroso steeply
bruscamente, considerablemente, abruptamente Stroke Acariciar sunbathe tomar el sol swig trago, tragar tame Manso tap dar un toque, golpecito tightly-knit/close knit unido touch Tocar trait Rasgo undertake
asumir (responsibility), contraer (obligation), emprender (task) widespread Extendido wipe pasar un trapo, limpiar wiped out hecho polvo risk a calculated risk risk an element of risk 32 risk worth the risk risk run / take a risk risk at risk risk at your own risk risk health / fire / security risk risk a good / bad / poor risk risk risk life and limb risk a risky business flat speech (lacking interest) flat notes (music) flat
throw yourself flat on the ground (level with the ground) lay past of lie (lay/lied) lay to put sth down lay
to prepare a table before a meal term an expression term a period of time term
the division of an academic year gentle kind and careful gentle not extreme or strong gentle
not steep (no empinado, brusco) Emphasis
They should not have been employed by the
At no time should they have been employed by the company at any time. co.
I didn't know how dangerous the expedition would be.
Little did I know how dangerous...
Not only did he arrive late, (but) he also forgot to
He arrived late and forgot to bring the tickets. bring the tickets.
We will not enter into…
Under no circumstances will we enter into…
On no account will the judges discuss their
The judges will not discuss… decision.
Not only is it witty, it's also original.
I haven't been so excited since winning…
Not since winning the prize have I been so excited.
You don't often get the opportunity to…
Rarely do you get the opportunity to…
We had only just arrived, when we were…
Hardly had we arrived, when we were…
They are only now beginning to realise what…
Only now are they beginning…
Not a word did he say / Not a word was said (by
He didn't say a word al evening. him) al evening.
I refuse to go the party wearing that.
No way will I go to the party wearing that. Alternatives to IF Unless – a menos que
not… unless… - no… a menos que
whether… or not… - si … o no provided that – siempre que 33 as long as – siempre que
..., but for… - si no fuera por
…, otherwise… - de no ser así 34 4 LISTENING 4.1
Exam Overview – Listening Listening 40minutes approx. Parts Tasks Part 1 Multiple choice (4 questions) Part 2
Sentence completion (8 questions) Part 3 Multiple choice (6 questions) Part 4
Multiple matching (10 questions) 35 5 READING 5.1
Exam Overview – Reading Reading
1’15 hours – 4 parts – 34 questions Parts Tasks Part 1 Multiple choice Part 2 Gapped text Part 3 Multiple choice Part 4 Multiple matching 36
Document Outline

• 1 speaking
  • 1.1 Exam Overview – Use of English
• 2 writing
  • 2.1 Exam Overview – Writing
    • 2.1.1 General
    • 2.1.1 Article
    • 2.1.2 Review
    • 2.1.3 Proposal
    • 2.1.4 Report
    • 2.1.5 Letter
    • 2.1.6 Contribution to book
    • 2.1.7 Information leaflet
    • 2.1.8 Character reference
• 3 use of english
  • 3.1 Exam Overview – Use of English
  • 3.2 Preposition after Verb
  • 3.2 Preposition after Adjective / Noun
  • 3.3 Phrasal Verbs
  • 3.4 Verb + Noun
  • 3.5 Adjective + Noun
  • 3.6 Adverb + Adjective Collocations
  • 3.7 Compound adjectives
  • 3.8 Prefixes
  • 3.9 Word Transformation
  • 3.10 Errors
  • 3.11 Pronunciation
  • 3.12 Expressions
  • 3.13 Vocabulary
• 4 listening
  • 4.1 Exam Overview – Listening
• 5 reading
  • 5.1 Exam Overview – Reading