PRACTICE OF SENTENCE PARAPHRASING: 1. Because – Because of Ex:
- He couldn’t go to school because he was ill.
He couldn’t go to school because of BEING ILL/ HIS ILLNESS.
- Our flight was delayed because the weather was bad.
Our flight was DELAYED BECAUSE OF THE BAD WEATHER 2.
too + ADJ… to - … not + ADJ + enough to …
Ex: - It is too cold to play tennis outside today.
It’s not WARM/HOT ENOUGH TO PLAY…._
- My daughter is too young to live alone.
My daughter IS NOT OLD ENOUGH TO LIVE alone
3. Reported speech: Commands – Statements – Questions
Ex: -“Open your book, please” the teacher asked.
The teacher asked us TO OPEN OUR BOOK(S)
- His teacher said he would be a champion one day.
His teacher said, “YOU WILL BE A CHAMPION ONE DAY”.
- ‘I’m so tired’ She said
She said that SHE WAS TIRED
- “Please, take your shoes and socks off!”
Dr Gibson told us TO TAKE OUR SHOES AND SOCKS OFF.
4. Direct – indirect questions Ex:
- The woman asked how much the jacket cost.
The woman asked, “How MUCH DOES THE JACKET COST?”
- Sarah asked me if I was a member of the sports centre.
Sarah asked me: “ARE YOU A MEMBER OF THE SPORT CENTRE?” 5.
Conditionals (type 2): if … - Because … not …
Ex:- If I were a millionaire, I would travel round the world
Because I’m not a millionaire, I WILL NOT TRAVEL ROUND THE WORLD. -
If he had much time, he could learn karate.
He can’t LEARN KARATE, BECAUSE HE HASN’T/ DOESN’T HAVE MUCH TIME. 6.
Present perfect – This is the first time …
Ex: - I’ve never lived in such a big city.
This is THE FIRST TIME I HAVE LIVED IN SUCH A BIG CITY.
-I have never visited such a beautiful place.
This is the first time I HAVE VISITED SUCH A BEAUTIFUL PLACE. 7.
Despite + N – Although/though + CLAUSE
Ex: - A lot of people were there despite the rain.
Although IT WAS RAINY/ IT RAINED, a lot of……..
- Despite her injured foot, she managed to walk to the village.
Though HER FOOT WAS INJURED, she managed….. 8.
It’s + Adj. + to do something – I FIND IT + adj. + to-infinitive
Ex: - It’s very comfortable to live in my new house.
I find it COMFORTABLE TO LIVE…..
I find it difficult to do this English test.
It’s DIFFICULT TO DO……. 9.
Unless – If ( UNLESS = IF NOT) Ex:
- Unless I miss the bus, I’ll be home in 15 minutes.
If I DON’T MISS the bus, I’ll be home in 15 minutes.
- Unless you try, you will never succeed.
If you DON’T TRY, YOU WILL….
10. Active – Passive ( S + BE + Vp.p + BY + O)
Ex: My mother made these curtains.
These curtains WERE MADE BY MY MOTHER
- My car windscreen was broken by a stone.
A stone BROKE MY CAR WINDSCREEN
- They use sand to make glass.
Sand is USED TO MAKE GLASS
11. Comparison - Comparative – Superlative
Ex: - My friend’s room isn’t as big as mine.
My room is BIGGER THAN MY….. -
Nobody in our class is better at English than him. ( GOOD- BETTER- BEST)
He is THE BEST AT ENGLISH IN OUR CLASS -
Football is the most popular sport at the centre.
Football is MORE POPULAR THAN ANY OTHER SPORT -
The park entrance ticket was cheaper than I’d expected.
The park entrance ticket wasn’t EXPENSIVE AS
12. Necessary + V to inf – Need + Vbare inf
Ex: - It isn’t necessary to pay if you are a student.
You NEEDN’T PAY IF YOU ARE…… -You needn’t shout. It isn’t NECESSARY TO SHOUT
13. People believe that + clause – It is + Vpp + that + clause…
Ex: - People believe that the woman comes from Japan.
It is believed that the woman comes from Japan. -
It is believed that he used to be a rich man.
People believe that he used to be rich man.
14. Past simple – Present perfect
Ex: - She started working as a secretary five years ago.
She HAS WORKED/ HAS BEEN WORKING AS A SECRETARY FOR FIVE YEARS.
- John has been playing the piano for ten years
John began PLAYING THE PIANO TEN YEARS AGO.
15.Enjoy + V-ing – Doing( V-ing) (sth) gives s.o pleasure Ex:
-I enjoyed discovering this island.
Discovering this island GAVE ME PLEASURE
- Listening to classical music gives me pleasure.
I enjoy LISTENING TO CLASSICAL MUSIC.
15. Wish (v) – I’m sorry that + PAST SIMPLE…. Ex:
- She wishes she knew the best way to bring up her children.
She’s sorry that SHE DIDN’T KNOW THE WAY TO…… -
I’m sorry that I couldn’t finish it earlier.
I wish I COULD FINISH IT EARLIER.
16. Like sth. than sth. – Prefer sth. to sth.
Ex:- He likes watching football match more than playing it.
He prefers WATCHING FOOTBALL MATCH TO PLAYING
My mother prefers watching a film at home to going to the cinema.
My mother likes WATCHING FILMS AT HOME (MORE) than GOING TO THE CINEMA.
17. S + Last (v) + time - It takes + time + to inf….
Ex: - It took us three days to go on the journey.
The journey LASTED THREE DAYS
Our trip to the island lasted two hours.
It took two hours (FOR OUR TRIP) TO GO THE ISLAND
18. Relative clause: Who/which/…
Ex: - Do you know who these skis belong to?
Do you know WHOSE these skis are? -
A man answered the phone. He told me you were out.
The man WHO ANSWERED THE PHONE TOLD ME….
19. There + be + N: Có – S + HAVE/ HAVE GOT + N
Ex: - The flat has two bedrooms.
There ARE TWO BEDROOMS IN THE FLAT.
- There is an elephant at the zoo now.
The zoo has AN ELEPHANT NOW.
20. Can do sth. well – be good at + V-ing
Ex: - He can play football very well.
He is GOOD AT PLAYING FOOTBALL. -
He is good at speaking Japanese.
He can speak JAPANESE VERY WELL.
21. It + be + adj + V to inf – S + make it + adj + V to inf.
Ex: - It is possible for her to go on the journey.
They make it possible for her to go on the journey
- Driving in the wet weather is very dangerous.
The wet weather makes IT DANGEROUS TO DRIVE 22. So – because
Ex: - He lost his money simply because he wasn’t careful.
He wasn’t careful SO he lost his money simply
- They were speaking too softly so I couldn’t hear them.
I couldn’t hear them BECAUSE they ……
- It was too dark to go on so we camped there.
We camped there BECAUSE was…..
23. Present participle (Hiện tại phân từ) – past participle (quá khứ phân từ) ( interesting / interested)
Ex: - People find the smile of the woman in the painting interesting.
People are INTERESTED in the smile of the woman in the painting.
- Everybody thought that the museum visit was boring.
Everybody was BORED BY the museum visit.
24. Be interested in/ be good at -
He’s interested in collecting coins.
He’s good AT COLLECTING COINS