Chuyên đề lý thuyết Vật lý lớp 12 có đáp án Luyện thi THPT Quốc gia
Chuyên đề lý thuyết Vật lý lớp 12 có đáp án Luyện thi THPT Quốc gia gồm các lý thuyết lớp 12 cùng với các bài tập trắc nghiệm. Chuyên đề được trình bày dưới dạng PDF gồm 134 trang. Các bạn xem và tải về ở dưới.
97
49 lượt tải
Tải xuống
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
1
CHƯƠNG'I:'DAO'ĐỘNG'CƠ!
CHỦ'ĐỀ'1.'ĐẠI'CƯƠNG'VỀ'DAO'ĐỘNG'ĐIỀU'HÒA'
!!
A.'LÝ'THUYẾT:''
I.'Dao'động'tuần'hoàn.''
! 1.#Dao#động:!"#!$%&'()!*+),!$-!,./.!%0)!123),!4%5),!,.6)7!"89!*.!"89!"0.!)%.:&!";)!<&6)%!=>!12?!$@)!
AB),C!!
! 2.#Dao#động#tuần#hoàn:''
! D!E#!F63!*+),!G#!H6&!)%I),!4%3J),!1%K.!,.6)!AB),!)%6&!)%L1!*>)%!=M1!12N!"0.!=>!12?!=#!$%.:&!
$%&'()!*+),!)%O!$P!Q12N!"0.!120),!1%R.!A6)!*;&SC!!
! D!Chu!kì!dao!độngT!"#!4%3J),!1%K.!,.6)!),U)!)%L1!*(!120),!1%R.!F63!*+),!"89!"0.!)%O!$P!%38$!"#!
4%3J),!1%K.!,.6)!=M1!1%V$!%.W)!G+1!F63!*+),!13#)!9%;)C!!
! X!Y! !QHS!=/.!Z!"#!H[!F63!*+),!1%V$!%.W)!123),!1%K.!,.6)!Δt!!
! D!Tần!số!"#!H[!F63!*+),!13#)!9%;)!G#!=M1!1%V$!%.W)!*O\$!123),!G+1!,.@'!%38$!"#!*0.!"O\),!),%>$%!
*J3!$]6!$%&!4^C!!
! _/.!T!`!Y! QabS!%6'!ω!Y! cπ`!Q26FdHS!
II.'Dao'động'điều'hoà:''
! 1.#Định#nghĩa:!e63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!"#!F63!*+),!123),!*-!".!*+!$]6!=M1!"#!G+1!%#G!$3H.)!Q%38$!H.)S!
$]6!1%K.!,.6)C!!
! 2.#Phương#trình#dao#động!g!Y!h$3HQω1!D!φSC!Qcm)!%38$!Qm).!!_/.!X!Y!
!
Þ! !
! Ø!Các#đại#lượng#đặc#trưng#trong#dao#động#điều#hoà:##!
! "!E.!*+!x!(m;!cmS!Q130!*+S!$]6!=M1i!$%3!A.j1!*+!"W$%!=#!$%.:&!"W$%!$]6!=M1!H3!=/.!VTCB!kC!!
! "!l.m)!*+!A!>!nQm!cmiST!Q*+!"/)!".!*+!$V$!*0.!$]6!=M1Si!$%3!A.j1!*+!"W$%!$V$!*0.!$]6!=M1!H3!=/.!VTCB!
kC!!
! ▪!o%6!A6)!*;&!φQradS!ST!gR$!*>)%!".!*+!g!=#3!1%K.!*.(G!A6)!*;&!t
0!
Yn!%6'!$%3!A.j1!120),!1%R.!A6)!
*;&!$]6!=M1!=#3!1%K.!*.(G!A6)!*;&!t
0!
Y!n!Cp%.!*-T!x
0!
Y!A$3Hφ!!
! "!o%6!F63!*+),!Qωt!+!φ) QradST!gR$!*>)%!".!*+!g!=#3!1%K.!*.(G!t!%6'!$%3!A.j1!120),!1%R.!F63!*+),!Q=>!
12?!=#!$%.:&!$%&'()!*+),S!$]6!=M1!N!1%K.!*.(G!1C!!
! ▪!X;)!H[!,-$!q!Q26FdHST!$%3!A.j1!1[$!*+!A.j)!1%.m)!,-$!9%6C!!!
3.#Phương#trình#vận#tốc#của#vật#dao#động#điều#hòa:''
!
Vận#tốc:!v!Y! Y!gr!Þ!=!Y!sωh$3HQω1DφS!Y!ωA$3HQωt!+!φ+!π/2)!(cm/s)!hoặc!(m/s)!
¶
!Nhận!xét:!!
! ▪!_M)!1[$!$]6!=M1!"&5)!$t),!$%.:&!=/.!$%.:&!$%&'()!*+),i!=M1!$%&'()!*+),!1%u3!$%.:&!FOv),!Þ!v!
>!n!i!=M1!$%&'()!*+),!),O\$!$%.:&!FOv),!Þ!v!<!ni!!
! ▪!_M)!1[$!$]6!=M1!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!A.j)!1%.m)!*.:&!%f6!$t),!1;)!H[!)%O),!H/G!9%6!%v)! H3!=/.!
=/.!".!*+!!
! ▪!_M)!1[$!*w.!$%.:&!10.!=>!12?!A.m)i!".!*+!*w.!FL&!4%.!<&6!=>!12?!$@)!AB),C!!
! ▪!x!=>!12?!A.m)!Q
x
max!
Y!y!A!ST!z+!"/)!
v
min!
Yn!!
! ▪!x!=>!12?!$@)!AB),!Q
x
min!
Y!n!ST!z+!"/)!
v
max!
Y!q.AC!!
N
t2 D
=
w
p
t
N
2T
1
D
=
p
w
=
=
p
T
2
w
p2
ï
î
ï
í
ì
p=w
p
=w
f2
T
2
dt
dx
2
p
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
2
! ▪!!{&|!*03!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#!"#!G+1!*30)!1%}),!
4.!Phương#trình#gia#tốc#của#vật#dao#động#điều#hòa:''
Gia!tốc!a!Y! !Y!v~Y!x~~i!a!Ysq
2
A$3HQωt!+!φS!Ys!ω
2
x!!%6'!a!Yq
2
A$3HQωt!+!φ!±!πS
!
Q$GdH
2
S!%38$!QGdH
2
S!
¶
'Nhận#xét:#'
! ▪!•.6!1[$!$]6!=M1!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!A.j)!1%.m)!*.:&!%f6!$t),!1;)!H[!)%O),!),O\$!9%6!=/.!".!*+!
%38$!H/G!9%6!πdc!H3!=/.!=M)!1[$C!!!
! ▪!_u$13!,.6!1[$!"&5)!%O/),!=:!_X€l!k!=#!$-!*+!"/)!1•!"W!=/.!*+!"/)!$]6!".!*+C!!
! ▪ x!=>!12?!A.m)!Qg
max
!Yyh!S7!,.6!1[$!$-!*+!"/)!$V$!*0.!T!‚6
max
‚Yq
2
Ch!C!!
! ▪!x!=>!12?!$@)!AB),!Qx
min!
Y!n!S7!,.6!1[$!AB),!a
min!
Y!n!C!!
! ▪!Khi!vật!chuyển!động!từ!VTCB!ra!biên!thì!vật!chuyển!động!chậm!dần!Þv.a!ƒ!n!hay!a!và!v!trái!dấu.!!
▪ Khi!vật!chuyển!động!từ!biên!về!VTCB!thì!vật!chuyển!động!nhanh!dần!Þv.a!„!n!hay!a!và!v!cùng!
dấu.!!
5.#Lực#trong#dao#động#điều#hoà':''
!
"
!Định#nghĩa:!"#!%\9!"V$!$]6!1L1!$J!$R$!"V$!1R$!F…),!"m)!=M1!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!$f)!,†.!"#!"V$!4‡3!
=:!%6'!"V$!%ˆ.!9%…$!!
!
"
!Đặc#điểm:!!
! s!E&5)!%O/),!=:!_X€l!k!!
! s!€-!*+!"/)!1•!"W!=/.!*+!"/)!".!*+!)%O),!$-!FL&!12R.!FL&!
=/.!".!*+!gC!!
‰
hp
!Y!ma!YsGω
2
g!Y!s!k!x!Y!s!mCq
2
h
2
$3HQq1!Dφ)!QNS!!
! ¶!Nhận!xét:!!
▪ EV$!4‡3!=:!$]6!=M1!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!A.j)!1%.m)!*.:&!
%f6!$t),!1;)!H[!)%O),!),O\$!9%6!=/.!".!*+Q$t),!9%6!=/.!,.6!
1[$SC!!
▪ _u$13!"V$!4‡3!=:!*w.!$%.:&!4%.!=M1!<&6!_X€l!k!=#!$-!*+!
"/)!1•!"W!1%&M)!=/.!*+!"/)!$]6!,.6!1[$C!!
! ▪ x!=>!12?!A.m)!Qx
max!
YyA!S!Þ!‚F
max!
‚Y!k‚x
max!
‚Y!mq
2
.A!Y!kA!
C!!
! ▪ x!=>!12?!€l!k!Qx
min!
Y!n!S!Þ!‚F
min
‚
!
Y!4‚x
min
‚
!
Yn!C!!
6.#Đồ#thị#của#dao#động#điều#hòa':''
! s!•.J!HŠ!=M1!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!$-!9%Ov),!12^)%!"#T!x!Y!
A$3HQqt!+!‹SC!!
! s!z(!*v)!,.J)7!16!$%†)!‹!Y!n7!16!*O\$T!x!Y!A$3Hqt!C!!
! Þ!v!=!x!~!Y!s!AqH.)ωt!Y!Aω$3HQωt!+!π/2S!
Þ!a!=!-!q
2
x!Y!s!ω
2
A$3Hωt!
Œ+1!H[!,.R!12>!*8$!A.W1!$]6!g7!=7!6!)%O!H6&T!!
!!!!!!!!!!1!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!n!!
!!!!!Xd•!!
!!!!!!!!!!!Xdc!!
!!!!!ŽXd•!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!X!!
!!!!!!!!!!g!!
!!!!!!!!!!!h!!
!!!!!!!!n!!
!!!!!!!!!!!sh!!
!!!!!!!!!!n!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!h!!
!!!!!!!!!!=!!
!!!!!!!!!!!n!!
!!!!!sqh!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!n!!
!!!!!!!!!qh!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!n!!
!!!!!!!!!!6!!
!!!!s!q
2
A!!
!!!!!!!!!!n!!
!!!!!!!!!!q
2
A!!
!!!!!!!!!!!n!!
!!!!!!!!s!q
2
A!!
!! zˆ!1%>!$]6!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!"#!G+1!*OK),!%^)%!H.)C!!
▪ zˆ!1%>!$P),!$%3!1%L'!H6&!G•.!$%&!4^!F63!*+),!1%^!1†6!*+!g7!=M)!1[$!=!=#!,.6!1[$!6!"M9!"0.!,.R!12>!$PC!!
!
dt
dv
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
3
¶!CHÚ#Ý:#!
! "!zˆ!1%>!$]6!=!1%u3!gT!! →!zˆ!1%>!$-!F0),!u".9!Q•S!!
! "!zˆ!1%>!$]6!6!1%u3!gT!→!zˆ!1%>!$-!F0),!"#!*30)!1%}),!!
! "!zˆ!1%>!$]6!6!1%u3!=T!→!zˆ!1%>!$-!F0),!u".9!Q•S!
7.#Công#thức#độc#lập#với#thời#gian#
a)'Giữa'tọa'độ'và'vận'tốc!Q=!H/G!9%6!%v)!g!,-$!πdcS!
!Þ! !
b)'Giữa'gia'tốc'và'vận'tốc:''
!%6'! !Û!=
2
!Y!ω
2
h
2
!s! !Û!6
2
!Y!ω
4
h
2
!s!ω
2
=
2
!
8.'Dao'động'tự'do'(dao'động'riêng)''
! D!E#!F63!*+),!$]6!%W!gJ'!26!FO/.!1R$!F…),!$%•!$]6!)+.!"V$!!
! D!E#!F63!*+),!$-!1;)!H[!Q1;)!H[!,-$7!$%&!4‘S!$%•!9%…!1%&+$!$R$!*8$!1?)%!$]6!%W!4%5),!9%…!1%&+$!
$R$!'j&!1[!Am)!),3#.C!!
9.'Mối'liên'hệ'giữa'dao'động'điều'hòa'và'chuyển'động'tròn'đều:''
!! ’‡1!G+1!$%L1!*.(G!Œ!$%&'()!*+),!12f)!*:&!12m)!G+1!*OK),!
12f)!1@G!k7!AR)!4?)%!h!)%O!%^)%!=“C!!
!! D!X0.!1%K.!*.(G!1!Y!n!T!=>!12?!$]6!$%L1!*.(G!"#!Œ
0
7!gR$!*>)%!AN.!
,-$!‹!!
!! D!X0.!1%K.!*.(G!1!T!=>!12?!$]6!$%L1!*.(G!"#!Œ7!gR$!*>)%!AN.!,-$!
Qω1!D!φS!
!! D!a^)%!$%.j&!$]6!Œ!g&[),!12…$!ggr!"#!o7!$-!130!*+!gT
!
!
! ! ! ! g!Y! !Y!kŒ$3HQω1!D!‹S!!
! !! !! !! a6'T!! g!Y!hC$3HQω1!D!‹S!!
!! X6! 1%L'T! %^)%! $%.j&! o! $]6! $%L1! *.(G! Œ! F63! *+),! *.:&! %3#!
<&6)%!*.(G!kC!!
! ÞKết#luận:#'
! 6S!p%.!G+1!$%L1!*.(G!$%&'()!*+),!*:&!12m)!Qk7!hS!=/.!1[$!*+!,-$!q7!1%^!$%&'()!*+),!$]6!%^)%!
$%.j&!$]6!$%L1!*.(G!g&[),!G+1!12…$!AL1!4^!*.!<&6!1@G!k7!)BG!123),!G81!9%}),!<&|!*03!"#!G+1!F63!
*+),!*.:&!%3#C!!
! AS!Z,O\$!"0.7!G+1!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#!AL1!4^7!$-!1%(!$3.!)%O!%^)%!$%.j&!$]6!G+1!$%&'()!*+),!12f)!
*:&!g&[),!G+1!*OK),!1%}),!)BG!123),!G81!9%}),!<&|!*037!*OK),!12f)!AR)!4?)%!AB),!A.m)!*+!h7!1[$!
*+!,-$!q!AB),!1;)!H[!,-$!$]6!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#C!!
! $S!l.(&!F.”)!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#!AB),!=‡$1v!<&6'T!€-!1%(!A.(&!F.”)!G+1!F63!
*+),!*.:&!%3#!$-!9%Ov),!12^)%T!g!Y!hC$3HQωt + ‹S!!AB),!G+1!=u$1v!<&6'! !
! ! !! ! D!•[$!=u$1v!10.!k!!
!! ! ! ! !! D!z+!F#.T!‚ ‚!•h!!
! !! !! !! D!Q 7kg!S!Y!‹!!
1
A
v
A
x
22
2
2
2
=
w
+
ï
ï
ï
ï
ï
î
ï
ï
ï
ï
ï
í
ì
-
=w
-w±=
w
+=
w
-±=
22
22
2
2
2
2
2
2
xA
|v|
xAv
v
xA
v
Ax
1
A
av
24
2
2
2
=
w
+
w
4
2
2
2
2
av
A
w
+
w
=
2
2
a
w
OP
A
!
A
!
A
!
A
!
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
4
–nC!Độ!lệch!pha!trong!dao!động!điều!hòaT!!
! "!Khái!niệm:!"#!%.W&!H[!,.I6!$R$!9%6!F63!*+),C!p?!%.W&T!Δφ!Y!‹
2
!s!‹
1
!
!
QradS!
s!Δφ!Y‹
2
!s!‹
1
!„!nC!X6!)-.T!*0.!"O\),!c!)%6)%!9%!6Q%6'!H/G!9%6S!%v)!*0.!"O\),!–!%38$!*0.!"O\),!–!
$%MG!9%6!Q%6'!12”!9%6S!H3!=/.!*0.!"O\),!c!!
! s!Δφ!Y‹
2
!s!‹
1
!ƒ!nC!X6!)-.T!*0.!"O\),!c!$%MG!9%6!Q%6'!12”!9%6S!%v)!*0.!"O\),!–!%38$!),O\$!"0.!!
! s!Δφ!Y!c4π!C!X6!)-.T!c!*0.!"O\),!$t),!9%6!!
! s!Δφ!YQc4!D!–SπC!X6!)-.T!c!*0.!"O\),!),O\$!9%6!!
! s!Δφ!!YQc4D–S C!!X6!)-.T!c!*0.!"O\),!=&5),!9%6!!
"!Nhận#xét:#'
▪ !V!sớm!pha!hơn!x!góc!π/c;!a!sớm!pha!hơn!v!góc!π/2;!a!ngược!pha!so!với!x.!
B.'TRẮC'NGHIỆM:''
Câu 1. X%u3!*>)%!),%—6C!e63!*+),!*.:&!%3#!"#T!!
' A.'$%&'()!*+),!G#!120),!1%R.!$%&'()!*+),!$]6!=M1!*O\$!"89!"0.!)%O!$P!H6&!)%I),!4%3J),!1%K.!
,.6)!AB),!)%6&!!
' B.'$%&'()!*+),!$]6!G+1!=M1!FO/.!1R$!F…),!$]6!G+1!"V$!4%5),!*w.C!!
' C.'%^)%!$%.j&!$]6!$%&'()!*+),! 12f)!*:&! "m)!G+1! *OK),!1%}),! )BG!123),! G81!9%}),! <&|!*03C!
# D.#$%&'()!*+),!$-!9%Ov),!12^)%!G5!1J!AN.!%^)%!H.)!%38$!$3H.)!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)!!
Câu 2. X23),!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#7!9%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!không!đúng!.!
' A.'€˜!H6&!G+1!4%3J),!1%K.!,.6)!X!1%^!=M1!"0.!12N!=:!=>!12?!A6)!*;&C!!
' B.'€˜!H6&!G+1!4%3J),!1%K.!,.6)!X!1%^!=M)!1[$!$]6!=M1!"0.!12N!=:!,.R!12>!A6)!*;&C!!
' C.'€˜!H6&!G+1!4%3J),!1%K.!,.6)!X!1%^!,.6!1[$!$]6!=M1!"0.!12N!=:!,.R!12>!A6)!*;&C!!
# D.#€˜!H6&!G+1!4%3J),!1%K.!,.6)!X!1%^!A.m)!*+!=M1!"0.!12N!=:!,.R!12>!A6)!*;&C!!
Câu 3. X23),!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#!$]6!$%L1!*.(G7!$%L1!*.(G!*w.!$%.:&!$%&'()!*+),!4%.!!
' A.'"V$!1R$!F…),!"m)!$%L1!*.(G!*w.!$%.:&C!! !
' B.'"V$!1R$!F…),!"m)!$%L1!*.(G!AB),!4%5),C!!
!# C.#"V$!1R$!F…),!"m)!$%L1!*.(G!$-!*+!"/)!$V$!*0.C!!
' D.'"V$!1R$!F…),!"m)!$%L1!*.(G!$-!*+!"/)!$V$!1.(&C!!
Câu 4. _M)!1[$!$]6!=M1!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#!$-!*+!"/)!$V$!*0.!4%.!!
' A.'=M1!N!=>!12?!$-!".!*+!$V$!*0.C!! B.',.6!1[$!$]6!=M1!*01!$V$!*0.C!!
!# C.#=M1!N!=>!12?!$-!".!*+!AB),!4%5),C!! D.'=M1!N!=>!12?!$-!9%6!F63!*+),!$V$!*0.C!!
Câu 5. o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!H6.!4%.!)-.!=:!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#T!!
' A.'F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!"#!F63!*+),!1&;)!%3#)C!!
! B.'A.m)!*+!$]6!F63!*+),!"#!,.R!12>!$V$!*0.!$]6!".!*+C!!
!' C.'=M)!1[$!A.j)!1%.m)!$t),!1;)!H[!=/.!".!*+C!! !
# D.#F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#!$-!<&|!*03!"#!*OK),!%^)%!H.)C!!
Câu 6. Œ+1!=M1!*6),!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#7!4%.!=M1!$%&'()!*+),!1™!=>!12?!A.m)!=:!=>!12?!$@)!AB),!1%^T!!
' A.'=M1!$%&'()!*+),!)%6)%!F;)!*:&C!! B.'=M1!$%&'()!*+),!$%MG!F;)!*:&C!!
!# C.#,.6!1[$!$t),!%O/),!=/.!$%&'()!*+),C!! D.',.6!1[$!$-!*+!"/)!1š),!F;)C!!
Câu 7. o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!=:!HV!H3!HR)%!".!*+7!=M)!1[$!=#!,.6!1[$!"#!*›),!C!X23),!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#7!".!
*+7!=M)!1[$!=#!,.6!1[$!"#!A6!*0.!"O\),!A.j)!*w.!*.:&!%3#!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)!=#!$-!!
' A.'$t),!A.m)!*+C!! ' B.'$t),!9%6C!! !
' C.'$t),!1;)!H[!,-$C!! ' D.'$t),!9%6!A6)!*;&C!!
Câu 8. p%.!)-.!=:!G+1!=M1!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!$-!A.m)!*+!h!=#!$%&!4^!X7!=/.!G[$!1%K.!,.6)!Q1!Y!nS!"#!"›$!
=M1!N!=>!12?!A.m)7!9%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!H6.C!!
# A.#œ6&!1%K.!,.6)!Xd•7!=M1!*.!*O\$!<&ž),!*OK),!AB),!n7ŸhC!!
' B.'œ6&!1%K.!,.6)!Xdc7!=M1!*.!*O\$!<&J)!,!*OK),!AB),!chC!!
2
p
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
5
!' C.'œ6&!1%K.!,.6)!Xd•7!=M1!*.!*O\$!<&ž),!*OK),!AB),!hC!!
' D.'œ6&!1%K.!,.6)!X7!=M1!*.!*O\$!<&ž),!*OK),!AB),!•hC!!
Câu 9. Œ+1!=M1!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!$-!9%Ov),!12^)%!gY!h$3HQq1!D!‹SC!•!†.!=!=#!6!";)!"O\1!"#!=M)!1[$!=#!
,.6!1[$!$]6!=M1C!aW!1%˜$!*›),!"#C!!
' A.' ! B.' ! C.# ' D.' !
Câu 10. EV$!4‡3!=:!1R$!F…),!"m)!G+1!$%L1!*.(G!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!$-!*+!"/)!!
' A.'1•!"W!=/.!*+!"/)!$]6!".!*+!=#!"&5)!%O/),!=:!=>!12?!$@)!AB),C!!
' B.'1•!"W!=/.!A^)%!9%Ov),!A.m)!*+C!!
!' C.'4%5),!*w.!)%O),!%O/),!1%6'!*w.C!! !
' D.'=#!%O/),!4%5),!*w.C!!
Câu 11. X23),!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f67!,.R!12>!$V$!*0.!$]6!=M)!1[$!"#!!
' A.'=
max!
Y!qhC!! B.'=
max!
Y!q
2
hC!! C.'=
max!
Y!s!qhC!! D.'=!
max!
Y!s!q
2
hC!!
Câu 12. Œ+1!=M1!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f67!4%.!=M1!*.!<&6!=>!12?!$@)!AB),!1%^T!!
' A.'*+!"/)!=M)!1[$!$V$!*0.7!,.6!1[$!AB),!4%5),C!! B.'*+!"/)!,.6!1[$!$V$!*0.7!=M)!1[$!AB),!4%5),C!!
!' C.'*+!"/)!,.6!1[$!$V$!*0.7!=M)!1[$!4%R$!4%5),C!! D.'*+!"/)!,.6!1[$!=#!=M)!1[$!$V$!*0.C!!
Câu 13. €%†)!9%R1!A.(&!H6.!=:!<&6)!%W!,.I6!$%&'()!*+),!12f)!*:&!=#!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#!"#!%^)%!$%.j&!
$]6!)-C!!
' A.'A.m)!*+!$]6!F63!*+),!AB),!AR)!4?)%!<&|!*03!$]6!$%&'()!*+),!12f)!*:&C!!
' B.'=M)!1[$!$]6!F63!*+),!AB),!=M)!1[$!F#.!$]6!$%&'()!*+),!12f)!*:&C!!
' C.'1;)!H[!,-$!$]6!F63!*+),!AB),!1[$!*+!,-$!$]6!$%&'()!*+),!12f)!*:&C!!
' D.'".!*+!$]6!F63!*+),!AB),!130!*+!%^)%!$%.j&!$]6!$%&'()!*+),!12f)!*:&C!!
Câu 14. X23),!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#7!9%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!4%5),!*›),!C!!
' A.'_M)!1[$!$]6!=M1!$-!*+!"/)!*01!,.R!12>!$V$!*0.!4%.!=M1!$%&'()!*+),!<&6!=>!12?!$@)!AB),C!!
' B.'•.6!1[$!$]6!=M1!$-!*+!"/)!*01!,.R!12>!$V$!*0.!4%.!=M1!$%&'()!*+),!<&6!=>!12?!$@)!AB),C!!
' C.'_M)!1[$!$]6!=M1!$-!*+!"/)!*01!,.R!12>!$V$!1.(&!4%.!=M1!N!G+1!123),!%6.!=>!12?!A.m)C!!
' D.'•.6!1[$!$]6!=M1!$-!*+!"/)!*01!,.R!12>!$V$!1.(&!4%.!=M1!$%&'()!*+),!<&6!=>!12?!$@)!AB),C!!
Câu 15. z.:&!)#3!H6&!*@'!H6.!=:!,.6!1[$!$]6!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#T!!
' A.'A.j)!1%.m)!$t),!1;)!H[!=/.!".!*+!gC!!
! B.#"&5)!"&5)!$t),!$%.:&!=/.!$%&'()!*+),C!!
!' C.'AB),!4%5),!4%.!%\9!"V$!1R$!F…),!AB),!4%5),C!!
' D.'"#!G+1!%#G!H.)!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)C!!
Câu 16. Œ+1!$%L1!*.(G!$-!4%[.!"O\),!G!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#!g&),!<&6)%!=>!$@)!AB),!=/.!A.m)!*+!hC!•†.!
=
max
!7!6
max
7!
đmax
!";)!"O\1!"#!*+!"/)!=M)!1[$!$V$!*0.7!,.6!1[$!$V$!*0.!=#!*+),!)š),!$V$!*0.!$]6!$%L1!*.(GC!
X0.!1%K.!*.(G!1!$%L1!*.(G!$-!"'!*+!g!=#!=M)!1[$!"#!=C!€5),!1%˜$!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!4%5),!Ft),!*(!1?)%!$%&!
4^!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#!$]6!$%L1!*.(G!¡!!
' A.'X!Y! !' B.'X!Y! C! !C.'X!Y! ! !D.'X!Y!cπ
Câu 17. €3)!"U$!$-!4%[.!"O\),!G!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!=/.!9%Ov),!12^)%!1†6!*+!g!Y!h$3HQq1!D!‹SC!€5),!
H&L1!1˜$!1%K.!$V$!*0.!$]6!$3)!"U$!"#T!!
' A.'mq
3
h
2
! B.'mq
3
h
2
C ' A.'mq
3
h
2
C ' A.'mq
3
h
2
C !
Câu 18. o%R1!A.(&!sai!4%.!)-.!=:!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#!¡!!
' A.'•.6!1[$!$]6!$%L1!*.(G!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#!H/G!9%6!%v)!".!*+!G+1!,-$!πdc!
' B.'_M)!1[$!$]6!$%L1!*.(G!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#!12”!9%6!%v)!,.6!1[$!G+1!,-$!πdc!
' C.'p%.!$%L1!*.(G!$%&'()!*+),!1™!=>!12?!$@)!AB),!26!A.m)!1%^!1%j!)š),!$]6!$%L1!*.(G!1š),C!
2
2
4
2
2
av
A
w
+
w
=
2
2
2
2
2
av
A
w
+
w
=
4
2
2
2
2
av
A
w
+
w
=
4
2
2
2
2
a
v
A
w
+
w
=
22
xA
|v|
2
+
p
maxd
W2
m
A2p
max
a
A
2p
max
v
A
4
3
2
1
4
1
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
6
!D.'p%.!$%L1!*.(G!$%&'()!*+),!=:!=>!12?!$@)!AB),!1%^!*+),!)š),!$]6!$%L1!*.(G!1š),C!
Câu 19. C!€%†)!$@&!*›),C!Œ+1!=M1!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!*6),!$%&'()!*+),!1™!=>!12?!$@)!AB),!*j)!=>!12?!A.m)!
@G!1%^!
A.'=M)!1[$!=#!,.6!1[$!$t),!$-!,.R!12>!@GC!! B.'*+!"/)!=M)!1[$!=#!,.6!1[$!$t),!1š),C!!
! ' C.'*+!"/)!=M)!1[$!=#!,.6!1[$!$t),!,.JGC!! D.#=u$1v!=M)!1[$!),O\$!$%.:&!=/.!=u$1v!,.6!1[$C!!
Câu 20. o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!H6.!4%.!)-.!=:!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!$]6!$%L1!*.(G¡!
' A.'_M)!1[$!$]6!$%L1!*.(G!$-!*+!"/)!1•!"W!),%>$%!=/.!".!*+C!!
' B.'l.m)!*+!F63!*+),!4%5),!*w.!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)C!!
' C.'p%.!$%†)!,[$!1†6!*+!10.!=>!12?!$@)!AB),!1%^!"V$!4‡3!=:!$-!*+!"/)!1•!"W!1%&M)!=/.!".!*+C!!
' D.'z+),!)š),!A.j)!*w.!1&;)!%3#)!=/.!$%&!4^!AB),!)Š6!$%&!4^!F63!*+),C!!
Câu 21. €%†)!9%R1!A.(&!*›),!)%L1¡!a^)%!$%.j&!$]6!G+1!$%&'()!*+),!12f)!*:&!"m)!G+1!*OK),!4?)%!!
' A.'"#!G+1!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!! B.#*O\$!guG!"#!G+1!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!!
!' C.'"#!G+1!F63!*+),!1&;)!%3#)!! D.'4%5),!*O\$!guG!"#!G+1!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!!
Câu 22. €%†)!$@&!*›),!¡!•.6!1[$!123),!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!!
# A.#"&5)!$t),!9%6!=/.!"V$!4‡3!=:!! B.'"&5)!$t),!9%6!=/.!".!*+!!
!' C.'$-!,.R!12>!)%¢!)%L1!4%.!".!*+!AB),!n!! D.'$%MG!9%6!πdc!H3!=/.!=@)!1[$!!
Câu 23. p%.!1%6'!*w.!$R$%!4?$%!1%?$%!A6)!*;&!*(!=M1!F63!*+),!1%^!*0.!"O\),!)#3!H6&!*@'!1%6'!*w.!!
' A.'1;)!H[!=#!A.m)!*+!! # B.#9%6!A6)!*;&!=#!A.m)!*+!! !
' C.'A.m)!*+!! ' D.'1;)!H[!=#!9%6!A6)!*;&!!
Câu 24. _M1!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!1%u3!9%Ov),!12^)%!g!Y!sh$3HQq1!D!‹S!Qh!„!nS!C!o%6!A6)!*;&!$]6!=M1!"#!!
' A.'‹!D£!! B.'‹!! C.'s!‹!! D.'‹!D!πdc!
Câu 25. _M1!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!1%u3!9%Ov),!12^)%!g!Y!Ÿ$3HQq1!D‹S!D!–Q$GSC!_>!12?!$@)!AB),!$]6!=M1!!
' A.'10.!130!*+!g!Y!n!! B.#10.!g!Y!–$G!! C.'10.!g!Y!s!–$G!! D.'10.!g!Y!Ÿ$G!!
Câu 26. !zˆ!1%>!A.(&!F.”)!G[.!<&6)!%W!,.I6!".!*+!=#!=M)!1[$!"#!G+1!! ' !
' A.'*OK),!%^)%!H.)!! B.'*OK),!1%}),!! C.#*OK),!u".9!! D.'*OK),!%'9uA3"!!
Câu 27. !zˆ!1%>!A.(&!F.”)!G[.!<&6)!%W!,.I6!,.6!1[$!=#!".!*+!"#!G+1!! ' !
' A.'*OK),!1%}),!! B.'*OK),!9626A3"!! C.'*OK),!u".9!' D.'*OK),!%^)%!H.)!!
Câu 28. zˆ!1%>!A.(&!F.”)!G[.!<&6)%W!,.I6!,.6!1[$!=#!=M)!1[$!"#!G+1!! !
' A.'*OK),!%^)%!H.)!! B.#*OK),!u".9!! C.'*OK),!1%}),!' D.'*OK),!%'9uA3"!!
Câu 29. zˆ!1%>!A.(&!F.”)!G[.!<&6)!%W!,.I6!"V$!4‡3!=:!=#!".!*+!"#!G+1!!
' A.'*OK),!1%}),!F[$!g&[),!! B.'*OK),!1%}),!F[$!"m)!!
! C.'*OK),!u".9!! ' D.'*OK),!%^)%!H.)!!
Câu 30. _M1!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!=/.!A.m)!*+!h7!$%&!4^!XC!_M)!1[$!12&),!A^)%!$]6!=M1!123),!G+1!)Š6!$%&!4^!
"#!!
' A.'n!# B.#•A/T! !C.'cA/T! D.'A/T!
Câu 31. Q€zcnn•S!Œ+1!=M1!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#!F†$!1%u3!12…$!kg!=/.!9%Ov),!12^)%!g!Y!h$3Hq1C!Zj&!$%†)!
,[$!130!*+!k!10.!=>!12?!$@)!AB),!$]6!=M1!1%^!,[$!1%K.!,.6)!1!Y!n!"#!"›$!=M1!!
' A.'N!=>!12?!".!*+!$V$!*0.!1%&+$!9%;)!FOv),!$]6!12…$!kgC!!
! B.'<&6!=>!12?!$@)!AB),!k!),O\$!$%.:&!FOv),!$]6!12…$!kgC!!
!' C.'N!=>!12?!".!*+!$V$!*0.!1%&+$!9%;)!@G!$]6!12…$!kgC!!
! D.'<&6!=>!12?!$@)!AB),!k!1%u3!$%.:&!FOv),!$]6!12…$!kgC!!
Câu 32. Q€zcnn•S!Œ+1!=M1!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#!F†$!1%u3!12…$!kg7!<&6)%!=>!12?!$@)!AB),!k!=/.!A.m)!*+!h!
=#!$%&!4‘!XC!X23),!4%3J),!1%K.!,.6)!Xd•7!<&ž),!*OK),!"/)!)%L1!G#!=M1!$-!1%(!*.!*O\$!"#!!
' A.'hC!! B.'ŽhdcC!! C.'h C!! D.#h C!!
Câu 33. Q€zcn–cS!p%.!G+1!=M1!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f67!$%&'()!*+),!$]6!=M1!1™!=>!12?!A.m)!=:!=>!12?!$@)!AB),!
"#!$%&'()!*+),!!
' A.')%6)%!F;)!*:&C!! B.'$%MG!F;)!*:&C!! C.#)%6)%!F;)C!! D.'$%MG!F;)C!!
3
2
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
7
Câu 34. Qzacnn¤S!a^)%!$%.j&!$]6!G+1!$%L1!*.(G!$%&'()!*+),!12f)!*:&!"m)!G+1!*OK),!4?)%!<&|!*03!$-!
$%&'()!*+),!"#!F63!*+),!*.:&!%fhC!o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!sai¡!!
' A.'X;)!H[!,-$!$]6!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!AB),!1[$!*+!,-$!$]6!$%&'()!*+),!12f)!*:&C!!
' B.'l.m)!*+!$]6!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!AB),!AR)!4?)%!$]6!$%&'()!*+),!12f)!*:&C!!
' C.'EV$!4‡3!=:!123),!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!$-!*+!"/)!AB),!*+!"/)!"V$!%O/),!1@G!123),!$%&'()!*+),!
12f)!*:&C!!
' D.'X[$!*+!$V$!*0.!$]6!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!AB),!1[$!*+!F#.!$]6!$%&'()!*+),!12f)!*:&C!!
Câu 35. Qza!cn–nS!p%.!G+1!=M1!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!1%^!!
' A.'"V$!4‡3!=:!1R$!F…),!"m)!=M1!$-!*+!"/)!$V$!*0.!4%.!=M1!N!_X€lC!'!
' B.',.6!1[$!$]6!=M1!$-!*+!"/)!$V$!*0.!4%.!=M1!N!=>!12?!$@)!AB),C!!
' C.'"V$!4‡3!=:!1R$!F…),!"m)!=M1!$-!*+!"/)!1•!"W!=/.!A^)%!9%Ov),!A.m)!*+C!!
' D.'=M)!1[$!$]6!=M1!$-!*+!"/)!$V$!*0.!4%.!=M1!N!=>!12?!$@)!AB),C!!
Câu 36. Qza!cn–nS!Œ+1!=M1!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!=/.!$%&!4^!XC!€%†)!,[$!1%K.!,.6)!"#!"›$!=M1!<&6!=>!12?!$@)!
AB),7!=M)!1[$!$]6!=M1!AB),!n!";)!*;&!1.m)!N!1%K.!*.(G!!
' A.'T/2
!
C!' B.'T/8
!
' C.'T/6
!
C# D.#T/4C!!
Câu 37. Qza!cn–nS!Œ+1!$3)!"U$!"f!g3!F*!*:&!%f6!=/.!1;)!H[!c`
1!
C!z+),!)š),!$]6!$3)!"U$!A.j)!1%.m)!1&;)!
%3#)!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)!=/.!1;)!H[!`
2
!AB),!!
' A.'c`
1!
C!! B.'f
1
dc
!
C!! C.'`
1!
C!! D.#•`
1!
C!!
Câu 38. Qzacn–nS!_M1!F**%!=/.!$%&!4^!XC!X%K.!,.6)!),U)!)%L1!4%.!*.!1™!=>!12?!A.m)!$-!".!*+!g!Y!h!*j)!=>!
12?!g!Y!s!hdc7!1[$!*+!12&),!A^)%!"#!!
' A.'¥A/T# B.#¤A/2T!' C.'ŽA/2T!! D.'•A/T! !!
Câu 39. Qzacn–nS!EV$!4‡3!=:!1R$!F…),!"m)!=M1!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!$-!*+!"/)!!
# A.#1•!"W!=/.!*+!"/)!$]6!".!*+!=#!"&5)!%O/),!=:!=>!12?!$@)!AB),C!!
' B.'1•!"W!=/.!A^)%!9%Ov),!A.m)!*+C!!
!' C.'4%5),!*w.!)%O),!%O/),!1%6'!*w.C!! !
' D.'=#!%O/),!4%5),!*w.C!!
Câu 40. Œ+1!=M1!)%¢!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!12m)!12…$!kgC!p%.!*.!1™!=>!12?!A.m)!=:!=>!12?!$@)!AB),!1%^!
' A.'*+!"/)!=M)!1[$!$]6!$%L1!*.(G!,.žG!! B.'*+),!)š),!$]6!$%L1!*.(G!,.žG!!
!# C.#*+!"/)!,.6!1[$!$]6!$%L1!*.(G!,.žGC!! D.'*+!"/)!".!*+!$]6!$%L1!*.(G!1š),C!!
Câu 41. Qzacn––S!p%.!)-.!=:!G+1!=M1!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f67!9%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!H6.¡!
' A.'EV$!4‡3!=:!1R$!F…),!"m)!=M1!A.j)!1%.m)!*.:&!%f6!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)C!!
!' B.'z+),!)š),!$]6!=M1!A.j)!1%.m)!1&;)!%3#)!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)C!!
' C.'_M)!1[$!$]6!=M1!A.j)!1%.m)!*.:&!%f6!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)C!
!# D.#€v!)š),!$]6!=M1!A.j)!1%.m)!1&;)!%3#)!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)C!!
Câu 42. Qzacn–cS!Œ+1!$%L1!*.(G!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!12m)!12…$!kgC!_u$1v!,.6!1[$!$]6!$%L1!*.(G!$-!
' A.'*+!"/)!$V$!*0.!N!=>!12?!A.m)7!$%.:&!"&5)!%O/),!26!A.m)C!!
' B.'*+!"/)!$V$!1.(&!4%.!<&6!_X€l!"&5)!$t),!$%.:&!=/.!=u$1v!=M)!1[$C!!
' C.'*+!"/)!4%5),!*w.7!$%.:&!"&5)!%O/),!=:!=>!12?!$@)!AB),C!!
' D.'*+!"/)!1•!"W!=/.!*+!"/)!$]6!".!*+7!$%.:&!"&5)!%O/),!=:!=>!12?!$@)!AB),C!!
Câu 43. _M1!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!1%u3!12…$!kgC!o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!đúng!¡!!
# A.#{&|!*03!$%&'()!*+),!$]6!=M1!"#!G+1!*30)!1%}),C!!
' B.'EV$!4‡3!=:!1R$!F…),!=#3!=M1!4%5),!*w.C!!
!' C.'{&|!*03!$%&'()!*+),!$]6!=M1!"#!G+1!*OK),!%^)%!$3HC!!
' D.'E.!*+!$]6!=M1!1•!"W!=/.!1%K.!,.6)!F63!*+),C!!
Câu 44. p%.!)-.!=:!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#!$]6!G+1!=M17!9%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!sai¡!
A.'_u$1v!=M)!1[$!=#!=u$1v!,.6!1[$!$]6!=M1!"&5)!),O\$!$%.:&!)%6&C!!
' B.'€%&'()!*+),!$]6!=M1!1™!=>!12?!$@)!AB),!26!=>!12?!A.m)!"#!$%&'()!*+),!$%MG!F;)C!!
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
8
' C.'EV$!4‡3!=:!"&5)!%O/),!=:!=>!12?!$@)!AB),C!
!' D.'_u$1v!,.6!1[$!$]6!=M1!"&5)!%O/),!=:!=>!12?!$@)!AB),!=#!$-!*+!"/)!1•!"W!=/.!*+!"/)!$]6!".!*+C!!
Câu 45. X0.!1%K.!*.(G!1!1%^!1?$%!$]6!".!*+!=#!=M)!1[$!$]6!=M1!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!@G!QgC=ƒnS7!4%.!*-T!!
' A.'_M1!*6),!$%&'()!*+),!)%6)%!F;)!*:&!1%u3!$%.:&!FOv),!!
' B.'_M1!*6),!$%&'()!*+),!)%6)%!F;)!=:!=>!12?!$@)!AB),!!
' C.'_M1!*6),!$%&'()!*+),!$%MG!F;)!1%u3!$%.:&!@G!!
' D.'_M1!*6),!$%&'()!*+),!$%MG!F;)!=:!A.m)!!
Câu 46. €3)!"U$!"f!g3!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!1%u3!9%Ov),!)BG!),6),7!123),!%6.!";)!".m)!1.j9!$3)!"U$!<&6!=>!
12?!$@)!AB),!1%^!"&5)!$-!
' A.'•.6!1[$!AB),!)%6&7!*+),!)š),!AB),!)%6&!' B.'_M)!1[$!4%R$!)%6&7!*+),!)š),!4%R$!)%6&!!
! C.'•.6!1[$!AB),!)%6&7!=M)!1[$!AB),!)%6&!! D.'_M)!1[$!AB),!)%6&7!*+),!)š),!AB),!)%6&!!
Câu 47. X23),!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f67!4%.!,.6!1[$!$]6!=M1!*6),!$-!,.R!12>!@G!=#!*+!"/)!*6),!1š),!1%^!!
' A.'_M)!1[$!$-!,.R!12>!FOv),!! B.'=M)!1[$!=#!,.6!1[$!$t),!$%.:&!
!' C.'"V$!4‡3!=:!H.)%!$5),!FOv),!! D.'".!*+!$]6!=M1!@GC!!
Câu 48. ’‡1!G+1!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!12m)!12…$!kgC!X23),!12OK),!%\9!)#3!FO/.!*@'!%\9!"V$!1R$!F…),!"m)!
=M1!"&5)!$t),!$%.:&!=/.!$%.:&!$%&'()!*+),C!!
' A.'_M1!*.!1™!=>!12?!$@)!AB),!26!=>!12?!A.m)C!!
! B.'_M1!*.!1™!=>!12?!A.m)!=:!=>!12?!$@)!AB),C!!
' C.'_M1!*.!1™!=>!12?!A.m)!FOv),!H6),!=>!12?!A.m)!@GC!!
' D.'_M1!*.!1™!=>!12?!A.m)!@G!H6),!=>!12?!A.m)!FOv),C!!
Câu 49. a6.!$%L1!*.(G!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!$t),!1;)!H[!12m)!*OK),!1%}),!kgC!X0.!1%K.!*.(G!17!%6.!$%L1!
*.(G!*:&!$-!*+),!)š),!AB),!Ž!";)!1%j!)š),7!4%.!*-!$%›),!$-!".!*+!$t),!FL&!)%6&!=#!$%&'()!*+),!
),O\$!$%.:&!)%6&C!pj1!"&M)!)#3!H6&!*@'!*›),¡!!
' A.'a6.!$%L1!*.(G!F63!*+),!"W$%!9%6!)%6&!£d¥C!! !
' B.'a6.!$%L1!*.(G!F63!*+),!"W$%!9%6!)%6&!£dŽC!!
!' C.'a6.!$%L1!*.(G!F63!*+),!=&5),!9%6C!! !
' D.'a6.!$%L1!*.(G!F63!*+),!"W$%!9%6!)%6&!c£dŽ!!
Câu 50. o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!*›),!4%.!)-.!=:!=M1!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#¡!!
' A.'•.6!1[$!$]6!=M1!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#!"#!,.6!1[$!A.j)!*w.!*:&!!
' B.'EV$!1R$!F…),!123),!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#!"&5)!$t),!%O/),!=/.!=u$1v!=M)!1[$!!
' C.'EV$!4‡3!=:!123),!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#!"&5)!%O/),!=:!=>!12?!$@)!AB),!=#!$-!*+!"/)!1•!"W!=/.!*+!"/)!
$]6!".!*+!
!' D.'_M)!1[$!$]6!=M1!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#!"&5)!),O\$!9%6!=/.!,.6!1[$!=#!1•!"W!=/.!,.6!1[$!!
!!
l¦Z•!X§h!z¨o!¨Z!€a©!zª!–s!€a«¬Z•!-!
–e!!
ce!!
Ž€!!
•€!!
Ÿe!!
¥€!!
®€!!
•h!!
¤€!!
–nh!!
––h!!
–ch!!
–Žl!!
–•l!!
–Ÿl!!
–¥h!!
–®€!!
–•h!!
–¤e!!
cnh!!
c–l!!
cch!!
cŽl!!
c•h!!
cŸl!!
c¥€!!
c®h!!
c•l!!
c¤h!!
Žnl!!
Ž–h!!
Žce!!
ŽŽ€!!
Ž•€!!
ŽŸe!!
Ž¥e!!
Ž®e!!
Ž•l!!
Ž¤h!!
•n€!!
•–e!!
•ce!!
•Žh!!
••h!!
•Ÿl!!
•¥h!!
•®h!!
••l!!
•¤e!!
Ÿn€!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
CHỦ'ĐỀ'2.'CON'LẮC'LÒ'XO''
A.'LÝ'THUYẾT''
1.#Cấu#tạo:!Con!lắc!lò!xo!,ˆG!G+1!"f!g3!$-!*+!$˜),!47!4%[.!"O\),!4%5),!*R),!4(7!G+1!*;&!,U)!$[!*>)%7!
*;&!4.6!,U)!=/.!=M1!)8),!4%[.!"O\),!G!*O\$!*81!1%u3!9%Ov),!),6),!%38$!12u3!1%}),!*˜),C!!
! D!€3)!"U$!"f!g3!"#!G+1!%W!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6C!!
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
9
2.#Lực#kéo#về:!EV$!,@'!26!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!"&5)!"&5)!%O/),!=:!=>!12?!$@)!AB),!=#!*O\$!,†.!"#!lực! kéo!
về!hay!lực!hồi!phục.!#EV$!4‡3!=:!$-!*+!"/)!1•!"W!=/.!".!*+!=#!"#!"V$!,@'!26!,.6!1[$!$%3!=M1!F63!*+),!*.:&!
%f6C!!
! Biểu!thức!đại!số!của!lực!kéo!vềT!F
kéo!về
!=!ma!=!-mω
2
x!=!-kx
!
!
! s!EV$!4‡3!=:!$]6!$3)!"U$!"f!g3!4%5),!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!4%[.!"O),!=M1C!!
3.#Phương#trình#dao#động#T!x!Y!A.cos(ωt!+!φ)C!_/.T!q!Y!! !
! "!Chu!kì!và!tần!số!dao!động!$]6!$3)!"U$!"f!g3T!X!Y! Y!cπ !=#!`!Y! !Y! !
!4.#Năng#lượng#của#con#lắc#lò#xo#'
a)#Động#năngcủa#vật#:''
!
đ
!Y! mv
2
!Y! mq
2
A
2
H.)
2
Qq1!D!‹S!!
b)#Thế#năng#của#vật:!!
!
t
!Y kx
2
!Y! kA
2
$3H
2
Qqt+φ)!! !
c)#Cơ#năng:!
! ! !Y!
đ
!
D!
t
!=! mA
2
q
2
!Y! kA
2
!=!
đ!m ax
!Y!
t!m ax !!
Y! !
Y%B),!H[C!
Ø!Chú#ý.!!
! s!e3!$3Hc¯Y! !=#!H.)c¯Y! !)m)!A.(&!1%˜$!*+),!)š),!=#!1%j!)š),!H6&!4%.!%0!AM$!
"#T!
t
!Y !i!
đ
!Y! i!_/.! !Y! mA
2
q
2
!Y! kA
2
!
! s!_M'!động!năng!=#!thế!năng!$]6!=M1!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!A.j)!1%.m)!=/.!1;)!H[!,-$!qrYcq7!1;)!H[!
`rYc`!=#!$%&!4^!XrY!Xdc!
! s!€v!)š),!$]6!$3)!"U$!1•!"W!=/.!A^)%!9%Ov),!A.m)!*+!F63!*+),C!!
! s!€v!)š),!$]6!$3)!"U$!"f!g3!4%5),!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!4%[.!"O\),!=M1C!!
s!€v!)š),!$]6!$3)!"U$!*O\$!AJ3!13#)!)j&!A¢!<&6!G†.!G6!HR1CC!!
! s!z+),!)š),!$]6!=M1!*01!$V$!*0.!4%.!=M1!<&6!_X€l!=#!$V$!1.(&!10.!=>!12?!A.m)C!!
! s!X%j!)š),!$]6!=M1!*01!$V$!*0.!10.!=>!12?!A.m)C!=#!$V$!1.(&!4%.!=M1!<&6!_X€lC'!
5.#Lực#đàn#hồi#khi#vật#ở#vị#trí#có#li#độ#x.''
a.'Tổng'quát.''‰
đh(x)
!Y!4C‚Δℓ‚!Y!p‚Δℓ
0
!yg‚'
▪!eL&!QDS!4%.!$%.:&!FOv),!$]6!12…$!1†6!*+!%O/),!
g&[),!FO/.!!
! ▪! eL&! QsS! 4%.! $%.:&! FOv),! $]6! 12…$! 1†6! *+!
%O/),!"m)!12m)!!
! ▪!Δℓ
0
!"#!*+!A.j)!F0),!$]6!"f!g3Q1?)%!1™!=>!12?!€S!
*j)!_X€l!kC!!
▪!Δℓ = Δℓ
0
±!x!"#!*+!A.j)!F0),!$]6!"f!g3!Q1?)%!1™!=>!
12?!€!*j)!=>!12?!$-!".!*+!g!
! ▪!g!"#!".!*+!$]6!=M1!Q*O\$!1?)%!1™!_X€l!kS!!
b.'Lực'đàn'hồi'cực'đại'và'cực'tiểu!F
đhmax
;!!
‰
đhmin
!!
! "!EV$!*#)!%ˆ.!$V$!*0.C!F
đhmax!
Y!KQΔl!+!A)! AS!!
m
k
w
p2
k
m
p
w
2
m
k
2
1
p
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
2cos1 a+
2
2cos1 a-
)2t2cos(
2
W
2
W
j+w-
)2t2cos(
2
W
2
W
j+w+
2
1
2
1
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
10
* EV$!*#)!%ˆ.!$V$!*0.!4%.!=M1!N!=>!12?!1%L9!)%L1!$]6!<&|!*03Ql.m)!FO/.S!!
! "!EV$!*#)!%ˆ.!$V$!1.(&!
! ▪!p%.!A!≥!°l!T!F
đhmin!
Yn!!
! ±!EV$!*#)!%ˆ.!$V$!1.(&!4%.!=M1!N!=>!12?!G#!"f!g3!4%5),!A.j)!F0),C!p%.!*-!Δ"!Y!n!→!‚x‚!=!Δl!!
! ▪!p%.!A!ƒ!°l!T!F
đhmin!
Y!!KQΔl!-!AS!!
* !z@'!$P),!$%?)%!"#!"V$!*#)!%ˆ.!4%.!=M1!N!=>!12?!$63!)%L1!$]6!<&|!*03C!
¶!CHÚ#Ý:!
! p%.!"f!g3!12u3!1%}),!*˜),!1%^!N!=>!12?!$@)!AB),!16!"&5)!$-C!!
K.°l
0!
Y!m.g!Þ!q
2!
!Y! !Þ !X!Y! !
! s!p%.!$3)!"U$!"f!g3!*81!12m)!G81!H#)!)BG!),6),!1%^!°l!YnC!p%.!*-!"V$!*#)!%ˆ.!$P),!$%?)%!"#!"V$!4‡3!
=:C!p%.!*-!16!$-T!‰
đh(x)
!Y!‰
kéo!về
!Y!4‚g‚!Þ! !
! s!EV$!1R$!F…),!"m)!*.(G!12u3!$P),!$%?)%!"#!"V$!*#)!%ˆ.C!!
6.#Chiều'dài'của'lò'xo'khi'vật'ở'vị'trí'có'li'độ'x.'!
l
x
!=!ℓ
0
+ Δl
0
± x !
! s!eL&!Q!D!S!4%.!$%.:&!FOv),!$]6!12…$!1†6!*+!%O/),!g&[),!FO/.!!
! s!eL&!Q!sS!4%.!$%.:&!FOv),!$]6!12…$!1†6!*+!%O/),!"m)!12m)!!
! s!€%.:&!F#.!$V$!*0.T!l
max!
Y!l
0
!D!Δl
0
!D!h!
! s!€%.:&!F#.!$V$!1.(&T!l
min!
Y!l
0
!D!°l
0
!s!h!Þ!h!Y! !QŒZ!T!$%.:&!F#.!<&—!*03S!!
Chú!ý.!Khi!lò!xo!nằm!ngang!thì!°l!Yn!→! !
!!
B.'TRẮC'NGHIỆM:''
Câu 1. €3)!"U$!"f!g3!),6),!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#7!=M)!1[$!$]6!=M1!AB),!4%5),!4%.!=M1!$%&'()!*+),!<&6!!
' A.'=>!12?!$@)!AB),C!! !' B.'=>!12?!G#!"V$!*#)!%ˆ.!$]6!"f!g3!AB),!4%5),C!!
!# C.#=>!12?!=M1!$-!".!*+!$V$!*0.C!! D.'=>!12?!G#!"f!g3!4%5),!A>!A.j)!F0),C!!
Câu 2. X23),!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#!$]6!$3)!"U$!"f!g37!9%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!4%5),!*›),!C!!
' A.'EV$!4‡3!=:!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!*+!$˜),!$]6!"f!g3C!!
# B.#EV$!4‡3!=:!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!4%[.!"O\),!$]6!=M1!)8),C!!
!' C.'•.6!1[$!$]6!=M1!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!4%[.!"O\),!$]6!=M1C!!
' D.'X;)!H[!,-$!$]6!=M1!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!4%[.!"O\),!$]6!=M1C!!
Câu 3. €3)!"U$!"f!g3!*6),!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#7!=M)!1[$!$]6!=M1!AB),!4%5),!4%.!=M1!*.!<&6!T!!
' A.'=>!12?!G#!"f!g3!$-!$%.:&!F#.!"/)!)%L1C!! B.'=>!12?!G#!"f!g3!4%5),!A>!A.j)!F0),C!!
!' C.'=>!12?!G#!"V$!*#)!%ˆ.!AB),!4%5),C!! D.'=>!12?!$@)!AB),C!!
Câu 4. e63!*+),!*.:&!%3#!$]6!$3)!"U$!"f!g3!)BG!),6),C!€%†)!9%R1!A.(&!H6.T!!
' A.'"V$!*#)!%ˆ.!$]6!"f!g3!"&5)!%O/),!=:!=>!12?!$@)!AB),C!!
' B.'"V$!*#)!%ˆ.!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!*+!$˜),!$]6!"f!g3C!!
!' C.'"V$!*#)!%ˆ.!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!".!*+C!! !
# D.#"V$!*#)!%ˆ.!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!4%[.!"O\),!$]6!=M1!)8),!!
Câu 5. Œ+1!$3)!"U$!"f!g3!F63!*+),!4%5),!G6!HR1!12m)!G81!9%}),!),6),C!o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!H6.T!
' A.'F63!*+),!$]6!$3)!"U$!"#!F63!*+),!1&;)!%3#)C!!
! B.'F63!*+),!$]6!$3)!"U$!"#!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#C!!
1%K.!,.6)!1%V$!%.W)!G+1!F63!*+),!$#),!"/)!4%.!A.m)!*+!$#),!"/)C!!
0
l
g
m
K
D
=
g
2
k
m
2
2
0
!D
p=p=
w
p
î
í
ì
2
MN
2
ll
minmax
=
-
î
í
ì
-=
+=
All
All
0max
0max
(F
kéo$về
)
max
$=$kA$Û$Vật$ở$vị$trí$biên$
(F
kéo$về
)
min
$=$kA$Û$Vật$ở$vị$trí$cân$bằng$O$
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
11
H[!F63!*+),!1%V$!%.W)!*O\$!123),!G+1!,.@'!1•!"W!1%&M)!=/.!$š)!AM$!%6.!$]6!*+!$˜),!4C!!
Câu 6. Œ+1!$3)!"U$!"f!g3!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#!12m)!G81!9%}),!),6),C!€%†)!9%R1!A.(&!*›),!T!!
' A.'*+!"/)!$]6!"V$!*#)!%ˆ.!1•!"W!=/.!4%[.!"O\),!G!$]6!=M1!)8),C!!
# B.#"V$!*#)!%ˆ.!"&5)!),O\$!$%.:&!=/.!".!*+!gC!!
!' C.'"V$!*#)!%ˆ.!"&5)!$t),!$%.:&!=/.!=u$1v!=M)!1[$!!
! D.'"V$!*#)!%ˆ.!"&5)!),O\$!$%.:&!=/.!=u$1v!,.6!1[$C!!
Câu 7. €3)!"U$!$-!4%[.!"O\),!G!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!=/.!9%Ov),!12^)%!1†6!*+!g!Y!h$3HQq1!D!‹SC!€5),!H&L1!
1˜$!1%K.!$V$!*0.!$]6!$3)!"U$!"#T!!
' A.'mq
3
h
2
! B.'mq
3
h
2
C ' A.'mq
3
h
2
C ' A.'mq
3
h
2
C !
Câu 8. €3)!"U$!"f!g3!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#7!4%.!1š),!4%[.!"O\),!$]6!=M1!"m)!•!";)!1%^!1;)!H[!F63!*+),!$]6!
=M1!!
' A.'1š),!"m)!•!";)C!! B.',.JG!*.!•!";)C!! C.'1š),!"m)!c!";)C!' D.',.JG!*.!c!";)C!!
Câu 9. €%&!4^!F63!*+),!$]6!$3)!"U$!"f!g3!9%…!1%&+$!=#3T!!
' A.',.6!1[$!$]6!HV!2v.!1V!F3C!! !B.'A.m)!*+!$]6!F63!*+),C!!
!' C.'*.:&!4.W)!4?$%!1%?$%!A6)!*;&C!! D.#4%[.!"O\),!$]6!=M1!)8),C!!
Câu 10. Q€zcn–cS!Œ+1!=M1!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!=/.!A.m)!*+!h!=#!1[$!*+!$V$!*0.!=
max
C!X;)!H[!,-$!$]6!=M1!
F63!*+),!"#!!
# A.! !' B.' ' C.' ' D.' !
Câu 11. €3)!"U$!"f!g3!F**%C!EV$!4‡3!=:!1R$!F…),!=#3!=M1!"&5)!!
' A.'$t),!$%.:&!=/.!$%.:&!$%&'()!*+),!$]6!=M1C!! B.#%O/),!=:!=>!12?!$@)!AB),C!!
' C.'$t),!$%.:&!=/.!$%.:&!A.j)!F0),!$]6!"f!g3C!' D.'%O/),!=:!=>!12?!A.m)C!!
Câu 12. o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!=:!*+),!)š),!=#!1%j!)š),!123),!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#!"#!4%5),!*›),!C!
' A.'z+),!)š),!*01!,.R!12>!$V$!*0.!4%.!=M1!$%&'()!*+),!<&6!=>!12?!$@)!AB),!!
' B.'z+),!)š),!*01!,.R!12>!$V$!1.(&!4%.!=M1!N!G+1!123),!%6.!=>!12?!A.m)C!!
' C.'X%j!)š),!*01!,.R!12>!$V$!*0.!4%.!=M)!1[$!$]6!=M1!$-!*+!"/)!*01!$V$!1.(&C!!
' D.'X%j!)š),!*01!,.R!12>!$V$!1.(&!4%.!,.6!1[$!$]6!=M1!$-!,.R!12>!$V$!1.(&C!!
Câu 13. Q€zcn––S!Œ+1!=M1!)%¢!$-!$%&'()!*+),!"#!1w),!%\9!$]6!%6.!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!$t),!9%Ov),C!
a6.!F63!*+),!)#'!$-!9%Ov),!12^)%!"#!x
1!
Y!A
1
$3Hqt!=#!x
2!
Y!A
2
$3HQω1!D!πdcSC!•†.!•!"#!$v!)š),!$]6!=M1C!
p%[.!"O\),!$]6!=M1!AB),T!!
' A.' ' B.' ! !C.' ! D.# !
Câu 14. €v!)š),!$]6!G+1!=M1!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!!
' A.'A.j)!1%.m)!1&;)!%3#)!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)!=/.!$%&!4‘!AB),!G+1!)Š6!$%&!4‘!F63!*+),!$]6!=M1C!
!' B.'1š),!,L9!*5.!4%.!A.m)!*+!F63!*+),!$]6!=M1!1š),!,L9!*5.C!!
# C.#AB),!*+),!)š),!$]6!=M1!4%.!=M1!1/.!=>!12?!$@)!AB),C!!
!' D.'A.j)!1%.m)!*.:&!%f6!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)!=/.!$%&!4‘!AB),!$%&!4‘!F63!*+),!$]6!=M1C!!
Câu 15. C!p%.!)-.!=:!)š),!"O\),!$]6!G+1!=M1!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f67!9%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!*›),!C'A.' €˜!
G•.!$%&!4^!F63!*+),!$]6!=M17!$-!A[)!1%K.!*.(G!1%j!)š),!AB),!*+),!)š),C!!
' B.'X%j!)š),!$]6!=M1!*01!$V$!*0.!4%.!=M1!N!=>!12?!$@)!AB),C!!
' C.'z+),!)š),!$]6!=M1!*01!$V$!*0.!4%.!=M1!N!=>!12?!A.m)C!!
D.'X%j!)š),!=#!*+),!)š),!$]6!=M1!A.j)!1%.m)!$t),!1;)!H[!=/.!1;)!H[!$]6!".!*+C!!
Câu 16. X23),!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!$]6!$3)!"U$!"f!g3!1%}),!*˜),!1%^!"V$!*-),!=#.!12f!"#!"V$!4‡3!=:!"#!!
' A.'"V$!*#)!%ˆ.!$]6!"f!g3!! B.'"V$!<&R)!1?)%!$]6!=M1!!
!# C.#1w),!%\9!"V$!*#)!%ˆ.!=#!12†),!"V$!! D.'12†),!"V$!!
4
3
2
1
4
1
A
v
max
A
v
max
p
A2
v
max
p
A2
v
max
2
2
2
1
2
AA
E2
+w
2
2
2
1
2
AA
E
+w
)AA(
E
2
2
2
1
2
+w
)AA(
E2
2
2
2
1
2
+w
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
12
Câu 17. X23),!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!$]6!$3)!"U$!"f!g3!12u3!1%}),!*˜),!=/.!*.:&!4.W)!A.m)!*+!h!"/)!%v)!*+!
,.ž)!"f!g3!4%.!=M1!$@)!AB),C!EV$!*#)!%ˆ.!$]6!"f!g3!*w.!$%.:&!4%.!!
' A.'=M1!N!=>!12?!$63!)%L1!' ' B.'=M1!N!=>!12?!1%L9!)%L1!!
' C.'=M1!<&6!=>!12?!$@)!AB),!# D.#=M1!*j)!=>!12?!"f!g3!4%5),!A.j)!F0),!!
Câu 18. X23),!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!$]6!$3)!"U$!"f!g3!*+!$˜),!47!4%[.!"O\),!=M1!G!=/.!A.m)!*+!hC!Œ[.!".m)!
%W!,.I6!=M)!1[$!=#!".!*+!$]6!=M1!N!1%K.!*.(G!1!"#!!
' A.''A
2!
s!x
2!
Y! v
2
!! B.''x
2!
s!A
2!
Y! v
2
!! C.'A
2!
s!x
2!
Y! v
2
!! D.'x
2!
s!A
2!
Y! v
2
!!
Câu 19. z[.!=/.!$3)!"U$!"f!g3!12u3!1%}),!*˜),!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!1%^!!
' A.'".!*+!$]6!=M1!$-!*+!"/)!AB),!*+!A.j)!F0),!$]6!"f!g3!!
' B.'=>!12?!$@)!AB),!"#!=>!12?!"f!g3!4%5),!A.j)!F0),!!
!' C.'EV$!*#)!%ˆ.!"f!g3!$-!*+!"/)!$V$!1.(&!"&5)!10.!=>!12?!$63!)%L1!!
# D.#EV$!1R$!F…),!"m)!=M1!"#!G+1!*0.!"O\),!*.:&!%f6!!
Câu 20. €3)!"U$!"f!g3!*81!12m)!G81!9%}),!),%.m),!,-$!¯!1%^!$%&!4^!F63!*+),!2.m),!$]6!$3)!"U$!9%…!1%&+$!
=#3!!
# A.#$%•!=#3!4%[.!"O\),!=M1!=#!*+!$˜),!"f!g3!! B.',-$!¯7!4%[.!"O\),!=M1!=#!*+!$˜),!"f!g3!!
!' C.',-$!¯!=#!*+!$˜),!"f!g3!!!D.'$%•!=#3!,-$!¯!=#!*+!$˜),!"f!g3!!
Câu 21. X%j!)š),!$]6!$3)!"U$!"f!g3!12u3!1%}),!*˜),!!
# A.#$%•!"#!1%j!)š),!*#)!%ˆ.!# B.#$J!1%j!)š),!12†),!12OK),!=#!*#)!%ˆ.!
!' C.'$%•!"#!1%j!)š),!12†),!12OK),!! D.'4%5),!$-!1%j!)š),!!
Câu 22. X^G!4j1!"&M)!H6.!4%.!)-.!=:!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!$]6!G+1!$%L1!*.(G!12m)!G+1!*30)!1%}),!)#3!*-¡!
X0.!H63¡!
' A.'X23),!G•.!$%&!4^!F63!*+),!1%^!1%K.!,.6)!1[$!*+!$]6!=M1!,.JG!F;)!AB),!G+1!)Š6!$%&!4^!F63!
*+),C!!
# B.#EV$! %ˆ.! 9%…$! Q%\9! "V$! 1R$! F…),! =#3! =M1! S! $-! *+! "/)! 1š),! F;)! 4%.! 1[$! *+! $]6! =M1! ,.JG! F;)C!
# C.#X23),!G+1!$%&!4^!F63!*+),!$-!%6.!";)!*+),!)š),!Aš),!G+1!)Š6!$v!)š),!F63!*+),C!!
!' D.'X[$!*+!$]6!=M1!,.JG!F;)!4%.!=M1!$%&'()!*+),!1™!=>!12?!$@)!AB),!26!9%?6!A.m)C!!
Câu 23. €3)!"U$!"f!g3!,ˆG!=M1!)%¢!$-!4%[.!"O\),!G!=#!"f!g3!)%²!$-!*+!$˜),!4!*O\$!12u3!123),!1%6),!
GR'!*˜),! 'm)C! x!1%K.!*.(G! 1! )#3!*-!4%.! $3)! "U$! *6),!*63! *+),7! 1%6),! GR'!AU1! *;&! $%&'()! *+),!
)%6)%!F;)!*:&!1%u3!9%Ov),!1%}),!*˜),!*.!"m)C!Zj&!10.!1%K.!*.(G!1!$3)!"U$!*6),'A.'<&6!=>!12?!$@)!AB),!
1%^!A.m)!*+!F63!*+),!4%5),!*w.C!!
' B.'N!=>!12?!A.m)!FO/.!1%^!A.m)!*+!F63!*+),!1š),!"m)C!!
!' C.'N!=>!12?!A.m)!12m)!1%^!A.m)!*+!F63!*+),!,.JG!*.C!
!# D.#<&6!=>!12?!$@)!AB),!1%^!A.m)!*+!F63!*+),!1š),!"m)C!!
Câu 24. Œ+1!$3)!"U$!"f!g3!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!1%u3!9%Ov),!1%}),!*˜),C!Z%M)!g‡1!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!H6.¡!
' A.'EV$!1R$!F…),!$]6!"f!g3!=#3!=M1!A>!12.W1!1.m&!4%.!=M1!*.!<&6!=>!12?!"f!g3!4%5),!A.j)!F0),C!!
' B.'a\9!"V$!1R$!F…),!=#3!=M1!A>!12.W1!1.m&!4%.!=M1!*.!<&6!=>!12?!$@)!AB),C!!
' C.'EV$!1R$!F…),!$]6!"#!g3!=#3!,.R!*³!"&5)!AB),!%\9!"V$!1R$!F…),!=#3!=M1!F63!*+),C!!
' D.'p%.!"V$!F3!"f!g3!1R$!F…),!=#3!,.R!*³!$-!*+!"/)!$V$!*0.!1%^!%\9!"V$!1R$!F…),!"m)!=M1!F63!*+),!
$P),!$-!*+!"/)!$V$!*0.C!!
Câu 25. Œ+1!=M1!1%6G!,.6!*ˆ),!1%K.!%6.!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!$t),!9%Ov),7!$t),!1;)!H[7!$t),!A.m)!*+!=#!
=&5),!9%6!=/.!)%6&C!p%.!=M1!$-!=M)!1[$!$V$!*0.!1%^!!
' A.'G+1!123),!%6.!F63!*+),!*6),!$-!".!*+!AB),!A.m)!*+!$]6!)-C!!
B.'%6.!F63!*+),!1%#)%!9%;)!*6),!$-!".!*+!*[.!)%6&C!!
' C.'%6.!F63!*+),!1%#)%!9%;)!*6),!$-!".!*+!AB),!)%6&C!!
' D.'G+1!123),!%6.!F63!*+),!*6),!$-!=M)!1[$!$V$!*0.C!!
Câu 26. Œ+1!$3)!"U$!"f!g3!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!1%u3!9%Ov),!1%}),!*˜),C!Z%M)!g‡1!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!H6.¡!
k
m
k
m
m
k
m
k
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
13
' A.'EV$!1R$!F…),!$]6!"f!g3!=#3!=M1!A>!12.W1!1.m&!4%.!=M1!*.!<&6!=>!12?!"f!g3!4%5),!A.j)!F0),C!!
' B.'a\9!"V$!1R$!F…),!=#3!=M1!A>!12.W1!1.m&!4%.!=M1!*.!<&6!=>!12?!$@)!AB),C!!
' C.'EV$!1R$!F…),!$]6!"f!g3!=#3!,.R!*³!"&5)!AB),!%\9!"V$!1R$!F…),!=#3!=M1!F63!*+),C!!
' D.'p%.!"V$!F3!"f!g3!1R$!F…),!=#3!,.R!*³!$-!*+!"/)!$V$!*0.!1%^!%\9!"V$!1R$!F…),!"m)!=M1!F63!*+),!
$P),!$-!*+!"/)!$V$!*0.C!!
Câu 27. Œ+1!$3)!"U$!"f!g3!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!1%u3!9%Ov),!1%}),!*˜),!=/.!A.m)!*+!h7!10.!=>!12?!$@)!AB),!
"f!g3!,.ž)!G+1!*30)!Δl7!A.j1!AdΔ"!Y!α!ƒ!–C!X•!H[!,.I6!*+!"/)!"V$!*#)!%ˆ.!$V$!*0.!=#!"V$!*#)!%ˆ.!$V$!1.(&!
QF
dhmax!
dF
dhmin!
S!123),!<&R!12^)%!F63!*+),!AB),!!
' A.'Qa!D!–Sda!! B.'–dQ–!s!aSC!! C.'–dQ–!D!aSC!! D.'Qa!D!–SdQ–!s!aSC!!
!!
l¦Z•!X§h!z¨o!¨Z!€a©!zª!cs!€a«¬Z•!–!
–€!!
cl!!
Žh!!
•e!!
Ÿ€!!
¥l!!
®€!!
•e!!
¤e!!
–nh!!
––l!!
–ce!!
–Že!!
–•€!!
–Ÿh!!
–¥€!!
–®e!!
–•h!!
–¤e!!
cnh!!
c–l!!
cc€!!
cŽe!!
c•€!!
cŸl!!
c¥h!!
c®e!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
CHỦ'ĐỀ'3:'CON'LẮC'ĐƠN''
!!
A.'LÝ'THUYẾT:''
! Mô'tả:'€3)!"U$!*v)!,ˆG!G+1!=M1!)8),!12u3!=#3!H\.!F@'!4%5),!,.ž)7!=M1!
)8),!4?$%!1%O/$!4%5),!*R),!4(!H3!=/.!$%.:&!F#.!H\.!F@'7!H\.!F@'!4%[.!"O\),!
4%5),!*R),!4(!H3!=/.!4%[.!"O\),!$]6!=M1!)8),C!!
1.#Chu#kì,#tần#số#và#tần#số#góc:''T'='2π ; ω = ; f = '
Nhận#xét:!€%&!4^!$]6!$3)!"U$!*v)!!
!! D!1•!"W!1%&M)!$š)!AM$!c!$]6!li!1•!"W!),%>$%!$š)!AM$!c!$]6!,!! D!$%•!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!l!
=#!,i!4%5),!9%…!1%&+$!A.m)!*+!h!=#!GC!!
! D!˜),!F…),!*3!,.6!1[$!2v.!1V!F3!Q,.6!1[$!12†),!12OK),!,S!!
2.#Phương#trình#dao#động:!z.:&!4.W)!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#T!l¢!<&6!G6!HR17!
"V$!$J)!=#!α
0!
ƒƒ!–!26F!%6'!œ
0
!ƒƒ!l!
H!Y!œ
0
$3HQω1D!φS!%38$!¯!Y!¯
0
$3HQq1!D!‹S!
_/.!H!Y!¯l7!œ
0
!Y!¯
0
l!!
Þ!=!Y!Hr!Y!sqœ
0
H.)Qq1!D!‹S!Y!sql¯
0
H.)Qq1!D!‹S!!
!! Þ!6!Y!=r!Y!sq
2
œ
0
$3HQq1!D!‹S!Y!sq
2
l¯
0
$3HQq1!D!‹S!Y!sq
2
H!Y!sq
2
¯l!!
!! EO&!´T!œ
0
!*-),!=6.!12f!)%O!h!$f)!H!*-),!=6.!12f!)%O!g!!
3.#Hệ#thức#độc#lập:!!
! ±!6!Y!s!ω
2
H!Y!s!ω
2
α"!
! ±! ! !
! ±! !
4.#Lực#kéo#về#:''F='-mgsinα'='-'mgα'='-mg ='-'mω
2
s'
! D!z4.W)!F*!*.:&!%3#T!l¢!<&6!G6!HR17!"V$!$J)!=#!α
0!
ƒƒ!–!26F!%6'!œ
0
!ƒƒ!l!!
! D!_/.!$3)!"U$!*v)!"V$!%ˆ.!9%…$!1•!"W!1%&M)!=/.!4%[.!"O\),C!!
D!_/.!$3)!"U$!"f!g3!"V$!%ˆ.!9%…$!4%5),!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!4%[.!"O\),C!!
g
l
l
g
g
l
2
1
p
2
22
0
v
sS
÷
ø
ö
ç
è
æ
w
+=
2
2
2
22
0
l
v
l
v
w
+a=
÷
ø
ö
ç
è
æ
w
+a=a
l
s
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
14
5.#Chu#kì#và#sự#thay# đổi#chiều#dài:!X0.!$t),!G+1!)v.!$3)!"U$!*v)!$%.:&!F#.!l
1
!$-!$%&!4‘!X
1
7!$3)!"U$!*v)!
$%.:&!F#.!l
2
!$-!$%&!4‘!X
2
7!$3)!"U$!*v)!$%.:&!F#.!l
1!
+!l
2
!$-!$%&!4‘!X
3
7!$3)!"U$!*v)!$%.:&!F#.!l
1!
-!l
2!
Ql
1
>l
2
S!$-!
$%&!4‘!X
4
C!X6!$-T!!
!=#! !
6.#Tỉ#số#số#dao#động,#chu#kì#tần#số#và#chiều#dài:!X23),!$t),!1%K.!,.6)!$3)!"U$!$-!$%.:&!F#.!"
1
!1%V$!
%.W)!*O\$!)
1
!F63!*+),7!$3)!"U$!"
2
!1%V$!%.W)!*O\$!)
2
!F63!*+),C!!
! X6!$-T!)
1
X
1
!Y!)
2
X
2
!%6'! !!
B.'TRẮC'NGHIỆM:''
Câu 1. €3)!"U$!*v)!,U)!=/.!X2R.!zL1!F63!*+),!=/.!A.m)!*+!)%¢!QA¢!<&6!"V$!$J)S!"#!!
' A.'G+1!F63!*+),!1U1!F;)!!B.'F63!*+),!1U1!F;)!!
# C.#G+1!F63!*+),!1V!F3!! ' D.'F63!*+),!F&'!12^!!
Câu 2. €3)!"U$!*v)!F#.!l!7!4%[.!"O\),!=M1!G!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!10.!)v.!$-!,.6!1[$!12†),!12OK),!,C!EV$!
*-),!=6.!12f!"#!"V$!%ˆ.!9%…$!$-!,.R!12>!"#!!
' A.'F!=!-! ! B.'F!=! ! C.'F=! ! D.'F!=-!mg!sC!!
Câu 3. EV$!%ˆ.!9%…$!$]6!$3)!"U$!*v)!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!=/.!A.m)!*+!A‡!"#!!
' A.'12†),!"V$!! !' B.'"V$!$š),!F@'!!
!' C.'"V$!<&R)!1?)%!! !! D.#1w),!%\9!,.I6!12†),!"V$!=#!"V$!$š),!F@'!!
Câu 4. p%.!*81!G+1!$3)!"U$!*v)!123),!G+1!1%6),!GR'C!œ3!=/.!4%.!1%6),!GR'!*˜),!'m)!1%^!4%.!1%6),!GR'!
$%&'()!*+),!1%u3!9%Ov),!1%}),!*˜),!"m)!12m)!$%MG!F;)!*:&!$-!,.6!1[$!1%^!$%&!4^!$3)!"U$!!
# A.#1š),!! B.',.JG!! C.'1š),!2ˆ.!,.JG!! D.'4%5),!*w.!!
Câu 5. Œ+1!$3)!"U$!*v)!*81!123),!G+1!*.W)!12OK),!*:&!$-!$OK),!*+!*.W)!12OK),!1%u3!9%Ov),!1%}),!
*˜),!%O/),!"m)C!œ3!=/.!4%.!<&J!$;&!4%5),!1?$%!*.W)!4%.!16!1?$%!*.W)!@G!$%3!<&J!$;&!1%^!$%&!4^!$3)!"U$!
H“!!
' A.'1š),!! B.#,.JG!! C.'1š),!2ˆ.!,.JG!! D.'4%5),!*w.!!
Câu 6. €%&!4^!F63!*+),!)%¢!$]6!$3)!"U$!*v)!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!!
' A.'4%[.!"O\),!$3)!"U$!! !! B.'12†),!"O\),!$3)!"U$!!
!# C.#1•!H[!12†),!"O\),!=#!4%[.!"O\),!! D.'4%[.!"O\),!2.m),!$]6!$3)!"U$!!
Câu 7. µ),!F…),!<&6)!12†),!)%L1!$]6!$3)!"U$!*v)!"#!!
' A.'gR$!*>)%!$%&!4^!F63!*+),!! B.'gR$!*>)%!$%.:&!F#.!$3)!"U$!!
!' C.'gR$!*>)%!,.6!1[$!12†),!12OK),!! D.'4%J3!HR1!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!$]6!G+1!=M1!!
Câu 8. €3)!"U$!*v)!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f67!)j&!1š),!$%.:&!F#.!"m)!•!";)7!4%[.!"O\),!=M1!,.JG!c!";)7!12†),!
"O\),!=M1!,.JG!•!";)C!X%^!$%&!4^!F63!*+),!A‡!$]6!$3)!"U$!!
' A.'1š),!c ";)!! B.'1š),!c!";)!! C.'4%5),!*w.!! D.',.JG!c!";)!!
Câu 9. p%.!*O6!G+1!$3)!"U$!*v)!"m)!$63!1%u3!9%Ov),!1%}),!*˜),!$3.!$%.:&!F#.!$]6!$3)!"U$!4%5),!*w.!
1%^!H[!";)!F63!*+),!123),!G+1!*v)!=>!1%K.!,.6)!H“!!
' A.',.JG!=^!,.6!1[$!12†),!12OK),!,.JG!1%u3!*+!$63C!!
' B.'1š),!=^!$%&!4‘!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#!$]6!)-!,.JGC!!
' C.'1š),!=^!1;)!H[!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#!$]6!)-!1•!"W!),%>$%!=/.!,.6!1[$!12†),!12OK),C!!
' D.'4%5),!*w.!=^!$%&!4‘!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#!$]6!)-!4%5),!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!,.6!1[$!12†),!12OK),!!
Câu 10. o%R1! A.(&! )#3! H6&! *@'! "#! H6.! 4%.! )-.! =:! F63! *+),! $]6! $3)! "U$! *v)7! A¢! <&6!"V$! $J)! $]6! G5.!
12OK),C!
' A.'p%.!=M1!)8),!N!=>!12?!A.m)7!$v!)š),!$]6!$3)!"U$!AB),!1%j!)š),!$]6!)-C!!
' B.'€%&'()!*+),!$]6!$3)!"U$!1™!=>!12?!A.m)!=:!=>!12?!$@)!AB),!"#!)%6)%!F;)C!!
C.'p%.!=M1!)8),!*.!<&6!=>!12?!$@)!AB),7!1%^!12†),!"V$!1R$!F…),!"m)!)-!$@)!AB),!=/.!"V$!$š),!$]6!F@'C!!
2
2
2
1
2
3
TTT +=
2
2
2
1
2
4
TTT -=
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
l
l
f
f
T
T
n
n
===
s
l
mg
s
g
ml
s
m
gl
2
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
15
' D.'_/.!F63!*+),!)%¢!1%^!F63!*+),!$]6!$3)!"U$!"#!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6C!!
Câu 11. Œ+1!$3)!"U$!*v)!*O\$!12u3!10.!G+1!*.(G!$[!*>)%C!p‡3!$3)!"U$!26!4%¢.!=>!12?!$@)!AB),!*(!F@'!12u3!
%\9!=/.!9%Ov),!1%}),!*˜),!G+1!,-$!¥n
0!
2ˆ.!A&5),7!A¢!<&6!G6!HR1C!€%&'()!*+),!$]6!$3)!"U$!"#T!!
' A.'$%&'()!*+),!1%}),!*:&C!# B.#F63!*+),!1&;)!%3#)C!!
' C.'$%&'()!*+),!12f)!*:&C!' D.'F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#C!!
Câu 12. Œ+1!$3)!"U$!*v)!*O\$!12u3!=#3!12;)!$]6!G+1!gu!5!15!*6),!$%&'()!*+),!1%u3!9%Ov),!),6),C!
€%&!4‘!F63!*+),!$]6!$3)!"U$!*v)!123),!12OK),!%\9!gu!$%&'()!1%}),!*:&!"#!X
1
7!4%.!gu!$%&'()!*+),!
)%6)%!F;)!*:&!=/.!,.6!1[$!6!"#!X
2!
=#!4%.!gu!$%&'()!*+),!$%MG!F;)!*:&!=/.!,.6!1[$!6!"#!X
3
C!l.(&!1%˜$!
)#3!H6&!*@'!*›),!¡!!
' A.'X
2
Y!X
3!
ƒ!X
1
C!! B.'X
2!
Y!X
1!
Y!X
3
C!! C.'X
2
ƒ!X
1
ƒ!X
3
C!' D.'X
2!
„!X
1!
„!X
3
C!!
Câu 13. Œ+1!$3)!"U$!*v)!$-!$%.:&!F#.!¶7!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#!10.!G+1!)v.!$-!,.6!1[$!2v.!1V!F3!,7!=/.!%.W)!*+!
,-$!¯
0
C!p%.!=M1!*.!<&6!=>!12?!$-!"'!*+!,-$!¯7!)-!$-!=M)!1[$!"#!=C!p%.!*-7!16!$-!A.(&!1%˜$T!!
# A.#! ! B.' ' C.' ! D.' !
Câu 14. €@&!–•C!€%3!G+1!$3)!"U$!*v)!$-!F@'!12u3!$R$%!*.W)7!<&J!$;&!G!1?$%!*.W)!<C!p%.!*81!$3)!"U$!123),!
4%5),!4%?!1%^!)-!F63!*+),!=/.!$%&!4^!XC!p%.!*81!)-!=#3!123),!G+1!*.W)!12OK),!*:&!)BG!),6),!1%^!$%&!
4^!F63!*+),!H“!!
' A.'1š),!"m)!! !! !
' B.'4%5),!*w.!!
!' C.'1š),!%38$!,.JG!1&‘!1%&+$!=#3!$%.:&!$]6!*.W)!12OK),!!
' D.',.JG!g&[),!!
Câu 15. p%[.!"O\),! 12R.!*L1!"/)! %v)!4%[.!"O\),!G81!12š),!•–! ";)C!zOK),!4?)%! $]6!12R.!*L1! "/)!%v)!
*OK),!4?)%!G81!12š),!Ž7®!";)C!zuG!G+1!$3)!"U$!*v)!1™!12R.!*L1!"m)!G81!12š),!1%^!$%&!4^!F63!*+),!1%6'!
*w.!)%O!1%j!)#3!¡!!
' A.'€%&!4^!1š),!"m)!Ž!";)C!' B.'€%&!4^!,.JG!*.!c7•Ž!";)C!!
' C.'€%&!4^!1š),!"m)!c7•Ž!";)C!' D.'€%&!4^!,.JG!*.!Ž!";)C!!
Câu 16. a6.!$3)!"U$!*v)!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!10.!$t),!G+1!)v.!12m)!X2R.!zL1!=/.!$t),!G+1!$v!)š),Cp%[.!
"O\),!<&J!)8),!1%˜!)%L1!,L9!A6!";)!4%[.!"O\),!<&J!)8),!1%˜!%6.!QG
1
!Y!ŽG
2
SC!€%.:&!F#.!F@'12u3!$]6!
$3)!"U$!1%˜!)%L1!AB),!G+1!)Š6!$%.:&!F#.!F@'!12u3!$]6!$3)!"U$!1%˜!%6.C!{&6)!%W!,.I6!A.m)!*†!,-$!$]6!
%6.!$3)!"U$!"#T!!
' A.''α
1
!Y! α
2
!! B.'α
1
!Y!–7Ÿα
2
! C.'α
1
!Y! α
2
! D.'α
1
!Y! α
2
!
Câu 17. X23),!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#!$]6!$3)!"U$!*v)7!9%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!*›),!C!!
' A.'EV$!4‡3!=:!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!$%.:&!F#.!$]6!$3)!"U$C!!
' B.'EV$!4‡3!=:!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!4%[.!"O\),!$]6!=M1!)8),C!!
!' C.'•.6!1[$!$]6!=M1!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!4%[.!"O\),!$]6!=M1C!!
' D.'X;)!H[!,-$!$]6!=M1!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!4%[.!"O\),!$]6!=M1C!!
Câu 18. €3)!"U$!"f!g3!$-!*+!$˜),!4!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#!=/.!A.m)!*+!hC!€3)!"U$!*v)!,ˆG!F@'!12u3!$-!$%.:&!
F#.!l!7!=M1!)8),!$-!4%[.!"O\),!G!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#!=/.!A.m)!*+!,-$!α
0
!N!)v.!$-!,.6!1[$!12†),!12OK),!,C!
Zš),!"O\),!F63!*+),!$]6!%6.!$3)!"U$!AB),!)%6&C!X•!H[!4dG!AB),T!!
' A.' ! B.' ! C.' ! D.' !
Câu 19. Q€zcnn¤S!X0.!)v.!$-!,7!G+1!$3)!"U$!*v)!F**%!=/.!A.m)!*+!,-$!α
0
C!l.j1!4%[.!"O\),!=M1!)%¢!"#!G7!
F@'! C!€v!)š),!$]6!$3)!"U$!"#!!
A.' G,"α
0
2!
C!! B.'G,¯
0
2
!! C.' G,"α
0
2!!
D.'cG,¯
0
2!
C!!
22
0
2
gl
v
a-a=
22
0
2
glv-a=a
2
2
22
0
v
w
+a=a
l
gv
2
2
0
2
-a=a
3
2
3
2
5,1
2
2
0
A
gl2 a
2
2
0
A
gla
2
0
2
gl
A
a
2
0
A
gla
2
1
4
1
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
16
Câu 20. Q€zcn––S!Œ+1!$3)!"U$!*v)!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!=/.!A.m)!*+!,-$!¯
0!
C!EL'!G[$!1%j!)š),!N!=>!12?!$@)!
AB),C!x!=>!12?!$3)!"U$!$-!*+),!)š),!AB),!1%j!)š),!1%^!".!*+!,-$!$]6!)-!AB),T!!
' A.'y! ' B.'y ! C.#y ! D.' !
Câu 21. Q€zcn–cS!X0.!G+1!=>!12?!12m)!X2R.!zL17!$3)!"U$!*v)!$-!$%.:&!F#.!"
1
!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!=/.!$%&!4^!
X
1
i!$3)!"U$!*v)!$-!$%.:&!F#.!"
2
!Q"
2
!ƒ!"
1
S!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!=/.!$%&!4^!X
2
C!€P),!10.!=>!12?!*-7!$3)!"U$!*v)!
$-!$%.:&!F#.!"
1
!s!"
2
!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!=/.!$%&!4^!"#!!
' A.' ' B.# ' C.' ' D.' #
Câu 22. Q€zcn–cS!a6.!$3)!"U$!*v)!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!10.!$t),!G+1!=>!12?!12m)!X2R.!zL1C€%.:&!F#.!=#!$%&!
4^!F63!*+),!$]6!$3)!"U$!*v)!";)!"O\1!"#!"
1
7!"
2!
=#!X
1
7!X
2
C!l.j1! C!aW!1%˜$!*›),!"#T#
' A.' ' B.' ! C.# ! D.'' ! !!
Câu 23. Qzacnn®S!€3)!"U$!*v)!*O\$!12u3!N!12;)!G+1!1%6),!GR'C!p%.!1%6),!GR'!*˜),!'m)7!$3)!"U$!F**%!
=/.!$%&!4^!XC!p%.!1%6),!GR'!*.!"m)!1%}),!*˜),7!$%MG!F;)!*:&!=/.!,.6!1[$!$-!*+!"/)!AB),!G+1!)Š6!,.6!
1[$!12†),!12OK),!10.!)v.!*81!1%6),!GR'!1%^!$3)!"U$!F**%!=/.!$%&!4^!Xr!AB),!!
' A.'cXC!! B.#X !! C.'Tdc! D.'Xd !
l¦Z•!X§h!z¨o!¨Z!€a©!zª!Ž!s!€a«¬Z•!–C!
–€!!
ch!!
Že!!
•h!!
Ÿl!!
¥€!!
®h!!
•l!!
¤h!!
–n€!!
––l!!
–ch!!
–Žh!!
–•e!!
–Ÿ€!!
–¥€!!
–®l!!
–•l!!
–¤h!!
cn€!!
c–l!!
cc€!!
cŽl!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
'
CHỦ'ĐỀ'4:'DAO'ĐỘNG'TẮT'DẦN'-'DAO'ĐỘNG'DUY'TRÌ'-'DAO'ĐỘNG'CƯỠNG'BỨC'-'HIỆN'TƯỢNG'
CỘNG'HƯỞNG'
!!
A.'LÝ'THUYẾT:''
I.#DAO#ĐỘNG#TẮT#DẦN#'
1.'Khái'niệm:!Dao!động!tắt!dần!là!dao!động!do!có!lực!cản!của!môi!trường!mà!biên!độ!Qhay!cơ!năngS!
giảm!dần!theo!thời!gian.!!
2.'Đặc'điểm:''
! "!EV$!$J)!G5.!12OK),!$#),!"/)!1%^!F63!*+),!1U1!F;)!gJ'!26!$#),!)%6)%C!!
! "!Zj&!=M1!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#!=/.!1;)!H[!q
0
!G#!$%>&!1%mG!"V$!$J)!)%¢7!1%^!F63!*+),!$]6!=M1!1U1!F;)!
$%MGC!e63!*+),!1U1!F;)!$%MG!$P),!$-!A.m)!*+!,.JG!F;)!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)!$%3!*j)!nC!!
! !! !!
3.'Ứng'dụng'của'sự'tắt'dần'dao'động:!$R.!,.JG!2&),C!!
! "!p%.!gu!$%0'!<&6!)%I),!$%w!GL9!G5!1%^!4%&),!gu!F63!*+),7!),OK.!),ˆ.!12m)!g!u!$P),!F63!*+),!
1%u3!=#!,@'!4%-!$%>&!$%3!),OK.!*-C!z(!4%U$!9%…$!%.W)!1O\),!12m)!),OK.!16!$%j!103!26!G+1!1%.j1!A>!,†.!
"#!$R.!,.JG!2&),C!!
2
0
a
3
0
a
2
0
a
3
0
a
±
21
21
TT
TT
+
2
2
2
1
TT -
21
21
TT
TT
-
2
2
2
1
TT +
2
1
T
T
2
1
=
2
l
l
2
1
=
4
l
l
2
1
=
4
1
l
l
2
1
=
2
1
l
l
2
1
=
2
2
Trong không khí
Trong nước
Trong dầu nhớt
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
17
! "!€R.!,.JG!2&),!,ˆG!G+1!9?1!15),!$-!)%I),!$%•!1%]),!$%&'()!*+),!1%}),!*˜),!Am)!123),!G+1!g'!
"6)%!*V),!*;'!F;&!)%/17!9?1!15),!,U)!=/.!4%&),!gu!=#!g'!"6)%!,U)!=/.!12…$!AR)%!guC!p%.!4%&),!gu!F63!
*+),!12m)!$R$!"f!g3!,.JG!g-$7!1%^!9?1!15),!$P),!F63!*+),!1%u37!F;&!)%K)!$%J'!<&6!$R$!"•!1%]),!$]6!9?1!
15),!103!26!"V$!$J)!"/)!"#G!$%3! F63!*+),!9?1!15),!)#'!$%-),!1U1!=#! F63!*+),!$]6!4! %&),!gu!$P),!
$%-),!1U1!1%u3C!!
! "!Ef!g3!$t),!=/.!$R.!,.JG!2&),!,†.!$%&),!"#!A+!9%M)!,.JG!g-$C!!
II.#DAO#ĐỘNG#DUY#TRÌ#'
! "!Zj&!$&),!$L9!1%mG!)š),!"O\),!$%3!=M1!F63!*+),!1U1!F;)!QAB),!$R$%!1R$!F…),!G+1!),30.!"V$!
$t),!$%.:&!=/.!$%.:&!$%&'()!*+),!$]6!=M1!F63!*+),!123),!1™),!9%;)!$]6!$%&!4^S!*(!At!"0.!9%;)!)š),!
"O\),!1.m&!%63!F3!G6!HR1!G#!4%5),!"#G!1%6'!*w.!$%&!4^!F63!*+),!2.m),!$]6!)-7!4%.!*-!=M1!F63!*+),!
GJ.!GJ.!=/.!$%&!4^!AB),!$%&!4^!F63!*+),!2.m),!$]6!)-7!F63!*+),!)#'!,†.!"#!F63!*+),!F&'!12^C!Z,30.!"V$!
1R$!F…),!"m)!=M1!F63!*+),!1%OK),!*O\$!*.:&!4%.()!AN.!$%?)%!F63!*+),!*-C!!
'
"
'Khái'niệm:!"#!F0),!F63!*+),!*O\$!F&'!12^!AB),!$R$%!$&),!$L9!)š),!"O\),!123),!G•.!$%&!4^!*(!
Aw!H&),!=#3!9%;)!)š),!"O\),!A>!1.m&!%63!F3!G6!HR1!)%O),!4%5),!"#G!1%6'!*w.!$%&!4‘!2.m),!$]6!)-C!!
!
"
'Đặc'điểm:!$-!1;)!H[!F63!*+),!AB),!=/.!1;)!H[!2.m),!$]6!=M1!F63!*+),!f
dt
!=!f
0
!!
III.'DAO'ĐỘNG'CƯỠNG'BỨC'VÀ'CỘNG'HƯỞNG.''
1.'Dao'động'cưỡng'bức:''
a.'Khái'niệm:!e63!*+),!$O³),!A˜$!"#!F63!*+),!G#!%W!$%>&!1%mG!1R$!F…),!$]6!G+1!),30.!"V$!A.j)!
1%.m)!1&;)!%3#)!Q,†.!"#!"V$!$O³),!A˜$S!$-!A.(&!1%˜$!F!Y!F
0
$3HQω
n
1!D!φS!.Trong!đó:!!
! F
0
!"#!A.m)!*+!$]6!),30.!"V$QZS!!
! q
n!
Y!cπf
n
!=/.!f
n
!"#!1;)!H[!$]6!),30.!"V$!!
b.'Đặc'điểm:''
! "!e63!*+),!$O³),!A˜$!"#!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!Q$-!F0),!%#G!H.)SC!!
"!X;)!H[!F63!*+),!$O³),!A˜$!$%?)%!"#!1;)!H[!$]6!"V$!$O³),!A˜$!f
cb
!Y!f
n
!!
! "!l.m)!*+!F63!*+),!$O³),!A˜$!QA
cb
S!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!$R$!'j&!1[!H6&T!!
! $!œ˜$!$J)!G5.!12OK),!Q‰
ms
!,.JG→!h
cb
!1š),S!
! %!l.m)!*+!),30.!"V$!F
0!
QA
cb!
1•!"W!1%&M)!=/.!F
0
S!!
! &!Œ[.!<&6)!%W!,.I6!1;)!H[!),30.!"V$!=#!1;)!H[!F63!*+),!2.m),!QA
cb!
càng!tăng!khi!‚f
n
!-!f
0
‚!càng!
giảm).!p%.!‚f
n
!-!f
0
‚!Y!n!1%^!Qh
cb
S
max
!
2.'Hiện'tượng'cộng'hưởng''
a.'Khái'niệm:!"#!%.W)!1O\),!A.m)!*+!F63!*+),!$O³),!A˜$!*01!,.R!12>!$V$!*0.!Qh
cb
S
max!
4%.!1;)!H[!),30.!
"V$!Qf
n
S!AB),!=/.!1;)!H[!2.m),!Qf
0!
S!$]6!=M1!F63!*+),!C!a6'T!Qh
cb
S
max!!
Û!!f
n
!=!f
0
!!!
b.'Ứng'dụng:''
! "!a.W)!1O\),!$+),!%ON),!$-!)%.:&!˜),!F…),!123),!1%V$!1j7!=?!F…T!$%j!103!1;)!H[!4j7!"m)!F@'!*#!)CCC!!
! "!XR$!F…),!$-!%0.!$]6!$+),!%ON),T!!
▪!Œ•.!G+1!A+!9%M)!123),!GR'!Q%38$!123),!$@'!$;&S!*:&!$-!1%(!guG!"#!G+1!%W!F63!*+),!$-!1;)!H[!
,-$!2.m),!q
0
C!!
▪!p%.!1%.j1!4j!$R$!A+!9%M)!$]6!GR'!Q%38$!$@'!$;&S!1%^!$;)!9%J.!$%›!´!*j)!HV!12t),!)%6&!,.I6!1;)!
H[!,-$!),30.!"V$!q!=#!1;)!H[!,-$!2.m),!q
0
!$]6!$R$!A+!9%M)!)#'7!)j&!HV!12t),!)%6&!)#'!gJ'!26!Q$+),!
%ON),S!1%^!$R$!A+!9%M)!12m)!F63!*+),!$+),!%ON),!=/.!A.m)!*+!2L1!"/)!=#!$-!1%(!"#G!,ž'!$R$!$%.!1.j1!
123),!$R$!A+!9%M)!)#'C!!
3.'Phân'biệt'Dao'động'cưỡng'bức'và'dao'động'duy'trì''
a.'Dao'động'cưỡng'bức'với'dao'động'duy'trì:''
"!Giống'nhau:''
! s!z:&!gJ'!26!FO/.!1R$!F…),!$]6!),30.!"V$C!'!
! s!e63!*+),!$O³),!A˜$!4%.!$+),!%ON),!$P),!$-!1;)!H[!AB),!1;)!H[!2.m),!$]6!=M1C!!
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
18
"
'Khác'nhau:''
Dao'động'cưỡng'bức'
Dao'động'duy'trì'
s!Z,30.!"V$!"#!AL1!4‘7!*+$!"M9!=/.!=M1!!
!!
s!e63!*+),!$O³),!A˜$!$-!1;)!H[!AB),!1;)!H[!`
n
!$]6!
),30.!"V$!!
s!l.m)!*+!$]6!%W!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!‰
0
!=#!‚`
n
!·!`
0
‚!!
!!
s!EV$!*O\$!*.:&!4%.()!AN.!$%?)%!F63!*+),!L'!<&6!
G+1!$v!$L&!)#3!*-!!
s!e63!*+),!=/.!1;)!H[!*›),!AB),!1;)!H[!F63!*+),!
2.m),!`
0
!$]6!=M1!!
s!l.m)!*+!4%5),!1%6'!*w.!!
b.'Cộng'hưởng'với'dao'động'duy'trì:''
"!Giống'nhau:!€J!%6.!*:&!*O\$!*.:&!$%•)%!*(!1;)!H[!),30.!"V$!AB),!=/.!1;)!H[!F63!*+),!1V!F3!$]6!%WC!!
"!Khác'nhau:'!
Cộng'hưởng'
Dao'động'duy'trì'
s!Z,30.!"V$!*+$!"M9!Am)!),3#.C!!
!!
s!Zš),!"O\),!%W!)%M)!*O\$!123),!G•.!$%&!4^!F63!
*+),!F3!$5),!),30.!"V$!12&':)!$%3!"/)!%v)!)š),!
"O\),!G#!%W!1.m&!%63!F3!G6!HR1!123),!$%&!4^!*-C!!
s!Z,30.!"V$!*O\$!*.:&!4%.()!AN.!$%?)%!F63!*+),!L'!
<&6!G+1!$v!$L&!)#3!*-C!!
s!Zš),!"O\),!%W!)%M)!*O\$!123),!G•.!$%&!4^!F63!
*+),! F3! $5),! ),30.! "V$! 12&':)! $%3! *›),! AB),!
)š),!"O\),!G#!%W!1.m&!%63!F3!G6!HR1!123),!$%&!4^!
*-C!!
!!
B.'TRẮC'NGHIỆM:''
Câu 1. e63!*+),!F&'!12^!"#!F63!*+),!1U1!F;)!G#!),OK.!16!*žC!!
' A.'E#G!GL1!"V$!$J)!$]6!G5.!12OK),!*[.!=/.!=M1!$%&'()!*+),C!!
' B.'XR$!F…),!),30.!"V$!A.j)!*w.!*.:&!%3#!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)!=#3!F63!*+),C!!
C.'XR$!F…),!),30.!"V$!=#3!=M1!F63!*+),!$t),!$%.:&!=/.!$%&'()!*+),!123),!G+1!9%;)!$]6!1™),!$%&!4‘C!!
' D.'p?$%!1%?$%!"0.!F63!*+),!H6&!4%.!F63!*+),!A>!1U1!F;)C!!
Câu 2. l.m)!*+!$]6!F63!*+),!$O³),!A˜$!4%5),!9%…!1%&+$C!!
' A.'o%6!A6)!*;&!$]6!),30.!"V$!1&;)!%3#)!1R$!F…),!"m)!=M1C!!
' B.'l.m)!*+!$]6!),30.!"V$!1&;)!%3#)!1R$!F…),!"m)!=M1C!!
!' C.'X;)!H[!$]6!),30.!"V$!1&;)!%3#)!1R$!F…),!"m)!=M1C!!
' D.'aW!H[!"V$!$J)!$]6!G6!HR1!)%/1C!1R$!F…),!"m)!=M1C!!
Câu 3. o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!4%5),!*›),!C!! !
' A.'l.m)!*+!$]6!F63!*+),!2.m),!$%•!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!$R$%!4?$%!1%?$%!A6)!*;&!*(!103!"m)!F63!*+),C!!
' B.'l.m)!*+!$]6!F63!*+),!1U1!F;)!,.JG!F;)!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)C!!
' C.'l.m)!*+!$]6!F63!*+),!F&'!12^!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!9%;)!)š),!"O\),!$&),!$L9!1%mG!$%3!F63!*+),!
123),!G•.!$%&!4‘C!!
' D.'l.m)!*+!$]6!F63!*+),!$O³),!A˜$!$%•!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!A.m)!*+!$]6!"V$!$O³),!A˜$C!!
Câu 4. o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!4%5),!*›),!C!!
' A.'X;)!H[!$]6!F63!*+),!$O³),!A˜$!"&5)!AB),!1;)!H[!$]6!F63!*+),!2.m),C!!
' B.'X;)!H[!$]6!F63!*+),!$O³),!A˜$!AB),!1;)!H[!$]6!"V$!$O³),!A˜$C!!
' C.'€%&!4‘!$]6!F63!*+),!$O³),!A˜$!4%5),!AB),!$%&!4‘!$]6!F63!*+),!2.m),C!!
' D.'€%&!4‘!$]6!F63!*+),!$O³),!A˜$!AB),!$%&!4‘!$]6!"V$!$O³),!A˜$C!!
Câu 5. Z%M)!*>)%!)#3!H6&!*@'!H6.!4%.!)-.!=:!F63!*+),!$v!%†$!1U1!F;)C!!
' A.'e63!*+),!1U1!F;)!$-!*+),!)š),!,.JG!F;)!$f)!1%j!)š),!A.j)!1%.m)!*.:&!%fhC!!
' B.'e63!*+),!1U1!F;)!"#!F63!*+),!$-!A.m)!*+!,.JG!F;)!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)C!!
' C.'EV$!G6!HR1!$#),!"/)!1%^!F63!*+),!1U1!$#),!)%6)%C!!
' D.'X23),!F63!*+),!1U1!F;)7!$v!)š),!,.JG!F;)!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)C!!
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
19
Câu 6. p%.!)-.!=:!F63!*+),!$O³),!A˜$7!9%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!*›),!C!
' A.'e63!*+),!$]6!$3)!"U$!*ˆ),!%ˆ!"#!F63!*+),!$O³),!A˜$C!!
' B.'l.m)!*+!$]6!F63!*+),!$O³),!A˜$!"#!A.m)!*+!$]6!"V$!$O³),!A˜$C!!
' C.'e63!*+),!$O³),!A˜$!$-!A.m)!*+!4%5),!*w.!=#!$-!1;)!H[!AB),!1;)!H[!$]6!"V$!$O³),!A˜$C!!
' D.'e63!*+),!$O³),!A˜$!$-!1;)!H[!)%¢!%v)!1;)!H[!$]6!"V$!$O³),!A˜$C!!
Câu 7. Z%M)!g‡1!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!4%5),!*›),!C!!
' A.'e63!*+),!1U1!F;)!$#),!)%6)%!)j&!"V$!$J)!$]6!G5.!12OK),!$#),!"/)C!!
' B.'e63!*+),!F&'!12^!$-!$%&!4‘!AB),!$%&!4‘!F63!*+),!2.m),!$]6!$3)!"U$C!!
' C.'e63!*+),!$O³),!A˜$!$-!1;)!H[!AB),!1;)!H[!$]6!"V$!$O³),!A˜$C!!
' D.'l.m)!*+!$]6!F63!*+),!$O³),!A˜$!4%5),!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!1;)!H[!"V$!$O³),!A˜$C!!
Câu 8. o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!*›),!C!!
' A.'X23),!F63!*+),!1U1!F;)7!G+1!9%;)!$v!)š),!*ž!A.j)!*w.!1%#)%!)%.W1!)š),C!!
' B.'X23),!F63!*+),!1U1!F;)7!G+1!9%;)!$v!)š),!*ž!A.j)!*w.!1%#)%!%3R!)š),C!!
' C.'X23),!F63!*+),!1U1!F;)7!G+1!9%;)!$v!)š),!*ž!A.j)!*w.!1%#)%!*.W)!)š),C!!
' D.'X23),!F63!*+),!1U1!F;)7!G+1!9%;)!$v!)š),!*ž!A.j)!*w.!1%#)%!<&6),!)š),C!!
Câu 9. o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!*›),!C!a.W)!1O\),!$+),!%ON),!$%•!gJ'!26!=/.C!!
' A.'F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#C!! ' B.'F63!*+),!2.m),C!! !
' C.'F63!*+),!1U1!F;)C!! # D.#=/.!F63!*+),!$O³),!A˜$C!!
Câu 10. p%.!gJ'!26!%.W)!1O\),!$+),!%ON),!$v!1%^!=M1!1.j9!1…$!F63!*+),!!
' A.'=/.!1;)!H[!AB),!1;)!H[!F63!*+),!2.m),C!! B.'G#!4%5),!$%>&!),30.!"V$!1R$!F…),C!!
!' C.'=/.!1;)!H[!"/)!%v)!1;)!H[!F63!*+),!2.m),C!! D.'=/.!1;)!H[!)%¢!%v)!1;)!H[!F63!*+),!2.m),C!!
Câu 11. Œ+1!=M1!F63!*+),!1U1!F;)!$-!$R$!*0.!"O\),!,.JG!".m)!1…$!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)!"#!!
' A.'A.m)!*+!=#!,.6!1[$!! ' B.'".!*+!=#!1[$!*+!!
C.#A.m)!*+!=#!$v!)š),C!! ' D.'A.m)!*+!=#!1[$!*+!!
Câu 12. €%†)!9%R1!A.j&!H6.¡!X23),!F63!*+),!$]6!=M1!$%>&!"V$!$J)!)%¢!4%5),!*w.!!
' A.'E#!F63!*+),!$-!A.m)!*+!,.JG!F;)!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)!!
# B.#€%&!4^!,.JG!F;)!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)!!
' C.'€v!)š),!$]6!=M1!,.JG!F;)!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)!! !
' D.'EV$!$J)!"&5)!H.)%!$5),!@G!!
Câu 13. a6.!$3)!"U$!"#G!AB),!%6.!%f)!A.!$-!AR)!4?)%!AB),!)%6&7!12u3!12m)!%6.!H\.!F@'!$-!$t),!$%.:&!F#.C!
p%[.!"O\),!$]6!%6.!%f)!A.!"#!4%R$!)%6&C!a6.!$3)!"U$!$t),!F63!*+),!123),!G+1!G5.!12OK),!=/.!$t),!
A.m)!*+C!X%^!$3)!"U$!)#3!1U1!)%6)%!%v)¡!!
' A.'€3)!"U$!)%²!! B.'€3)!"U$!)8),!! C.'XU1!$t),!"›$!! D.'€%O6!1%(!4j1!"&M)!!
Câu 14. e63!*+),!$]6!%W!*O\$!At!=#3!)š),!"O\),!*ž!GL1!H6&!G+1!$%&!4^!"#T!! ' !
' A.'e63!*+),!F&'!12^!! ' B.'e63!*+),!$O³),!A˜$!!
' C.'F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!! ' D.'e63!*+),!1U1!F;)!!
Câu 15. e63!*+),!F&'!12^!"#!F63!*+),!1U1!F;)!G#!),OK.!16!*žT!!
' A.'E#G!GL1!"V$!$J)!$]6!G5.!12OK),!*[.!=/.!=M1!$%&'()!*+),!!
' B.'XR$!F…),!),30.!"V$!A.j)!*w.!*.:&!%f6!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)!=#3!=M1!$%&'()!*+),!!
! C.'lt!9%;)!)š),!"O\),!*ž!GL1!GR1!123),!G+1!$%&!4^!AB),!G+1!$v!$%j!At!)š),!"O\),C!! !
' A.'p?$%!1%?$%!"0.!F63!*+),!H6&!4%.!1U1!%})C!!
Câu 16. p%.!1;)!H[!),30.!"V$!AB),!1;)!H[!2.m),!$]6!%W!1%^!gJ'!26!%.W)!1O\),T!!
# A.#l.m)!*+!F63!*+),!*01!,.R!12>!$V$!*0.!! B.'lB),!,.R!12>!A.m)!*+),30.!"V$!!
!' C.'l.m)!*+!F63!*+),!*6),!1š),!)%6)%!! D.'l.m)!*+!F63!*+),!AB),!n!!
Câu 17. €%†)!9%R1!A.(&!H6.T!!
' A.'e63!*+),!$O³),!A˜$!"#!F63!*+),!FO/.!1R$!F…),!$]6!),30.!"V$!1&;)!%3#)!!
' B.'e63!*+),!F&'!12^!FO/.!1R$!F…),!$]6!),30.!"V$!$-!1;)!H[!2.m),!AB),!1;)!H[!2.m),!$]6!%W!!
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
20
' C.'X23),!<&R!12^)%!$%>&!1R$!F…),!$]6!),30.!"V$!1&;)!%3#)!%W!"&5)!F63!*+),!=/.!1;)!H[!$]6!),30.!
"V$C!!
' D.'e63!*5),!F&'!12^!=#!F63!*+),!$O³),!A˜$!4%.!$-!$+),!%ON),!*:&!$-!1;)!H[!,-$!AB),!1;)!H[!
2.m),!$]6!%W!!
Câu 18. •.JG!g-$!$]6!515!"#!R9!F…),!$]6!!
' A.'F63!*+),!1U1!F;)!! ' B.'F63!*+),!1V!F3!! !
' C.'F63!*+),!F&'!12^!! ' D.'F63!*+),!$O³),!A˜$!!
Câu 19. Œ+1!$3)!"U$!"f!g3!,ˆG!G+1!=M1!)8),!G!Y!–nn,!=#!"f!g3!$-!*+!$˜),!4!Y!–nn!ZdGC!XR$!F…),!"V$!
$O³),!A˜$!A.j)!1%.m)!*.:&!%3#!=/.!A.m)!*+!‰
0
!=#!1;)!H[!`!Y!¥!ab!=#3!=M1!1%^!A.m)!*+!F63!*+),!$]6!=M1!"#!
h
1
C!•.I!),&'m)!A.m)!*+!‰
0
!=#!1š),!1;)!H[!$]6!),30.!"V$!"m)!®!ab!1%^!A.m)!*+!F63!*+),!$]6!=M1!"#!h
2
C!pj1!
"&M)!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!*›),!¡!!
' A.'h
1
!Y!h
2
C!! B.'h
1
!ƒ!h
2
C!! C.#h
1
!„!h
2
C!' D.'ch
1
!Y!h
2
C!! !!
Câu 20. p%.!)-.!=:!F63!*+),!1U1!F;)7!9%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!H6.¡!!
' A.'e63!*+),!1U1!F;)!4%5),!9%J.!"›$!)#3!$P),!$-!%0.C!!
# B.#l.m)!*+!F63!*+),!1U1!F;)!,.JG!F;)!*:&!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)C!!
' C.'Z,&'m)!)%@)!1U1!F;)!F63!*+),!"#!F3!"V$!$J)C!!
' D.'e63!*+),!1U1!F;)!$#),!$%MG!4%.!"V$!$J)!G5.!12OK),!$#),!)%¢C!!
Câu 21. e63!*+),!$]6!$3)!"U$!*ˆ),!%ˆ!"#T!!
' A.'F63!*+),!$O³),!A˜$C!! B.#F63!*+),!F&'!12^C!!
' C.'F63!*+),!1U1!F;)C!! ' D.'F63!*+),!*.W)!1™C!!
Câu 22. Œ+1!=M1!F63!*+),!$O³),!A˜$!FO/.!1R$!F…),!$]6!),30.!"V$!‰!Y!‰
0
$3H£`1!Q=/.!‰
0
!=#!`!4%5),!*w.7!1!
1?)%!AB),!HSC!X;)!H[!F63!*+),!$O³),!A˜$!$]6!=M1!"#!!
' A.'`C!! B.'£`C!! C.'c£`C!# D.#n7Ÿ`C!!
Câu 23. C!o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!4%5),!đúng!¡!!
A.'z.:&!4.W)!*(!gJ'!26!$+),!%ON),!"#!1;)!H[!,-$!$]6!"V$!$O³),!A˜$!AB),!1;)!H[!,-$!$]6!F63!*+),!
2.m),C!!
' B.'z.:&!4.W)!*(!gJ'!26!$+),!%ON),!"#!1;)!H[!$]6!"V$!$O³),!A˜$!AB),!1;)!H[!$]6!F63!*+),!2.m),C!!
' C.'z.:&!4.W)!*(!gJ'!26!$+),!%ON),!"#!$%&!4‘!$]6!"V$!$O³),!A˜$!AB),!$%&!4‘!$]6!F63!*+),!2.m),C!
!' D.'z.:&!4.W)!*(!gJ'!26!$+),!%ON),!"#!A.m)!*+!$]6!"V$!$O³),!A˜$!AB),!A.m)!*+!$]6!F63!*+),!2.m),C!!
!!
l¦Z•!X§h!z¨o!¨Z!€a©!zª!•s!€a«¬Z•!–!
!!
–€!!
ch!!
Že!!
•h!!
Ÿh!!
¥€!!
®e!!
•h!!
¤e!!
–nh!!
––€!!
–cl!!
–Žh!!
–•h!!
–Ÿ€!!
–¥h!!
–®€!!
–•h!!
–¤€!!
cnl!!
c–l!!
cce!!
cŽe!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
CHỦ'ĐỀ'5:'TỔNG'HỢP'HAI'DAO'ĐỘNG'ĐIỀU'HÒA'CÙNG'PHƯƠNG'CÙNG'TẦN'SỐ'
g
1
!Y!h$3HQω1!D!φ
1
S!
g
2
!Y!h$3HQω1!D!φ
2
S!
A.'LÝ'THUYẾT:''
1.'Độ'lệch'pha'của' hai'dao'động'điều'hòa'cùng'phương,'cùng'tần'số'có'phương'trình'dao'động'
lần'lượt'như'sauT!g
1
!Y!h$3HQω1!D!φ
1
S!=#!g
2
!Y!h$3HQω1!D!φ
2
S!"#!Δφ!Y!φ
2
!s!φ
1
!
! ▪!p%.!%6.!F63!*+),!1%#)%!9%;)!g
1
!=#!g
2
!$t),!9%6T!!
Δφ!Y!φ
2
!s!φ
1
!Y!c4π
▪!p%.!%6.!F63!*+),!1%#)%!9%;)!g
1
!=#!g
2
!),O\$!9%6T!!
Δφ!Y!φ
2
!s!φ
1
!Y!Qc4D–Sπ!
▪!p%.!%6.!F63!*+),!1%#)%!9%;)!g
1
!=#!g
2
!=&5),!9%6!9%6T!!
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
21
Δφ!Y!φ
2
!s!φ
1
!Y!Qc4D–S !
! ▪!p%.!Δφ!Y!φ
2
!s!φ
1
!„!n!→!φ
2
!„!φ
1
C!X6!)-.!F63!*+),!QcS!)%6)%!9%6!%v)!F63!*+),!Q–S!%38$!),O\$!"0.!
F63!*+),!Q–S!$%MG!9%6!H3!=/.!F63!*+),!QcS!
! ▪!p%.!Δφ!Y!φ
2
!s!φ
1
!ƒ!n!→!φ
2
!ƒ!φ
1
C!X6!)-.!F63!*+),!QcS!$%MG!9%6!%v)!F63!*+),!Q–S!%38$!),O\$!"0.!
F63!*+),!Q–S!H/G!9%6!H3!=/.!F63!*+),!QcS!
2.#Tổng#hợp#hai#dao#động#điều#hòa#cùng#phương#cùng#tần#số.''
! s!e63!*+),!1w),!%\9!$]6!%6.!Q%38$!)%.:&S!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#!$t),!9%Ov),!$t),!1;)!H[!"#!G+1!F63!
*+),!*.:&!%3#!$t),!9%Ov),!$t),!1;)!H[!=/.!%6.!F63!*+),!*-C!!
! s! Zj&! G+1! =M1! 1%6G! ,.6! *ˆ),! 1%K.! %6.! F63! *+),! *.:&! %3#! $t),! 9%Ov),7! $t),! 1;)! H[! =/.! $R$!
9%Ov),!12^)%T!x
1!
Y!A
1
$3HQqt!+!φ
1
S!=#!x
2!
Y!A
2!
$3HQqt!+!φ
2
S!1%^!F63!*+),!1w),!%\9!H“!"#T!x!Y!x
1!
D!!x
2!!
Y!
!
A$3HQqt!+!φS!!
¶!Biên'độ'dao'động'tổng'hợp.''
!
¶!Pha'ban'đầu'dao'động'tổng'hợp.''
16)‹!Y! !
!→!l.m)!*+!=#!9%6!A6)!*;&!$]6!F63!*+),!1w),!%\9!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!A.m)!*+!=#!9%6!A6)!*;&!$]6!$R$!F63!
*+),!1%#)%!9%;)C!!
¶!Trường'hợp'đặc'biệt.''
s!p%.!%6.!F63!*+),!1%#)%!9%;)!$t),!9%6!Q°‹Y‹
2
!s!‹
1
!Y!c4£S!1%^!F63!*+),!1w),!%\9!$-!A.m)!*+!$V$!*0.T!
→!A
max!
Y!A
1!
D!A
2!
%6'! !
! s!p%.!%6.!F63!*+),!1%#)%!9%;)!),O\$!9%6!Q°‹Y‹
2
!s!‹
1
!Y!Qc4!D!–S£!1%^!F63!*+),!1w),!%\9!$-!A.m)!
*+!$V$!1.(&T!!→!A
min!
Y!‚A
1!
s!A
2
‚!%6'! !
! s!p%.!%6.!F63!*+),!1%#)%!9%;)!=&5),!9%6!Q°‹Y‹
2
!s!‹
1
!Y!Qc4!D!–S !1%^!F63!*+),!1w),!%\9!$-!A.m)!
*+T!→!h!Y! !%6'! !
! s!X2OK),!%\9!1w),!<&R1T!‚h
1
!s!h
2
‚!¸!h!¸!h
1
!D!h
2
!! !! !! !! !!
B.'TRẮC'NGHIỆM''
Câu 1. Q€zcn––S!Œ+1!=M1!)%¢!$-!$%&'()!*+),!"#!1w),!%\9!$]6!%6.!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!$t),!9%Ov),C!a6.!
F63!*+),!)#'!$-!9%Ov),!12^)%!"#!x
1!
Y!A
1
$3Hqt!=#!x
2!
Y!A
2!
$3H C!•†.!•!"#!$v!)š),!$]6!=M1C!p%[.!
"O\),!$]6!=M1!AB),T!!
! A.' ' B.' ! !C.' ! D.# !
Câu 2. !p%.! 1w),! %\9! %6.! F63! *+),! *.:&! %f6! $t),! 9%Ov),! $t),! 1;)! H[! AB),! 9%Ov),! 9%R9! ,.J)! *ˆ!
‰2ug)u)7!4%.!$R$!=u$1v!A.(&!F.”)!%6.!F63!*+),!%\9!1%#)%!<&6'!=/.!=M)!1[$!,-$!q!1%^!*0.!"O\),!1%6'!
*w.!"#T!!
! A.'l.m)!*+!c!F63!*+),!%\9!1%#)%!9%;)C!! B.'A.m)!*+!F63!*+),!1w),!%\9!!
! C.'*+!"W$%!9%6!$]6!%6.!F63!*+),!! D.#9%6!$]6!%6.!F63!*+),!!
Câu 3. !€%†)!$@&!*›),C!a6.!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!$t),!9%Ov),!$t),!1;)!H[7!$-!*+!"W$%!9%6!°‹C!l.m)!*+!
$]6!%6.!F63!*+),!";)!"O\1!"#!h
1
!=#!h
2
C!l.m)!*+!$]6!F63!*+),!1w),!%\9!h!$-!,.R!12>!!
' A.'"/)!%v)!h
1
D!h
2!! !
B.')%¢!%v)!‚h
1
!s!h
2
‚!!
2
p
)cos(AA2AAA
1221
2
1
2
1
2
j-j++=
2111
2211
cos.Acos.A
sin.Asin.A
j+j
j+j
( )
21
AA !!
( )
21
AA !¯
2
p
2
2
2
1
AA +
( )
21
AA ^
÷
ø
ö
ç
è
æ
p
+w
2
t
2
2
2
1
2
AA
E2
+w
2
2
2
1
2
AA
E
+w
( )
2
2
2
1
2
AA
E
+w
( )
2
2
2
1
2
AA
E2
+w
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
22
! C.'"&5)!AB),! Qh
1
D!h
2
S!! D.#‚h
1
!s!h
2
‚!¸!h!¸!h
1
D!h
2
!!
Câu 4. !a6.!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!$t),!9%Ov),!$t),!1;)!H[!,-$!q7!10.!1%K.!*.(G!A6)!*;&!*+!"W$%!9%6!,.I6!
%6.!F63!*+),!"#!°‹C!X0.!1%K.!*.(G!1!*+!"W$%!9%6!$]6!%6.!F63!*+),!"#!!
' A.'q1!! B.#°‹!' C.'q1!D!‹!! D.'q1!s!‹!!
Câu 5. !’‡1!%6.!F63!*+),!$t),!9%Ov),7!$t),!1;)!H[C!l.m)!*+!F63!*+),!1w),!%\9!4%5),!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!
'j&!1[!)#3¡!!
' A.'l.m)!*+!F63!*+),!1%˜!)%L1!! B.'l.m)!*+!F63!*+),!1%˜!%6.!!
!# C.#X;)!H[!F63!*+),!! !! D.'z+!"W$%!9%6!%6.!F63!*+),!!
Câu 6. !a6.!F**%T!g
1
!Y!h
1
$3Hq1!=#!x
2!
Y!A
2!
$3H C!l.m)!*+!F63!*+),!1w),!%\9!$]6!%6.!*+),!)#'!"#!!
' A.''A!=! C!! B.#h!Y! C!! C.'h!Y!h
1
!D!h
2
C!! D.'h!Y! !
Câu 7. !€%3!%6.!F**%!$t),!9%Ov),7!$t),!1;)!H[7!$-!A.m)!*+!"#!h
1
!=#!h
2
C!l.m)!*+!F63!*+),!1w),!%\9!$]6!
%6.!F63!*+),!12m)!$-!,.R!12>!"/)!)%L1!"#!!
# A.#h
1
!D!h
2
!! B.'ch
1
!! C.'' ' D.'ch
2
!!
Câu 8. !Œ+1!=M1!1%V$!%.W)!*ˆ),!1%K.!%6.!F63!*ˆ),!*.:&!%f6!$t),!9%Ov),!1%u3!$R$!9%Ov),!12^)%T!x
1!
Y!
•H.)Q£t!D!αS!cm!=#!x
1!
Y• $3HQ£tS!cmC!l.m)!*+!F63!*+),!1w),!%\9!*01!,.R!12>!)%¢!)%L1!4%.T!!
' A.'¯!Y!n!rad!' B.'¯!Y!£!rad!! C.'¯!Y!
!
rad!! D.#¯!Y
!
rad!!
Câu 9. !p%.!1w),!%\9!%6.!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!$t),!9%Ov),7!$t),!1;)!H[!=#!$t),!9%6!)%6&!1%^T!!
' A.'A.m)!*+!F63!*+),!)%¢!)%L17!!
B.'F63!*+),!1w),!%\9!H“!)%6)%!9%6!%v)!F63!*+),!1%#)%!9%;)C!!
!' C.'F63!*+),!1w),!%\9!H“!),O\$!9%6!=/.!G+1!123),!%6.!F63!*+),!1%#)%!9%;)!
!# D.#A.m)!*+!F63!*+),!"/)!)%L1C!!
Câu 10. !Q€zcn–cS!e63!*+),!$]6!G+1!=M1!"#!1w),!%\9!$]6!%6.!F63!*+),!$t),!9%Ov),!$-!9%Ov),!12^)%!
";)!"O\1!"#!g
1!
Y!h$3Hq1!=#!g
2
!Y!hH.)q1C!l.m)!*+!F63!*+),!$]6!=M1!"#!!
' A.' hC'! B.'hC'! C.# hC'! D.'chC!'
Câu 11. !Œ+1!=M1!1%V$!%.W)!*ˆ),!1%K.!%6.!F63!*ˆ),!*.:&!%f6!$t),!9%Ov),!1%u3!$R$!9%Ov),!12^)%T!x
1!
Y!
•H.)Q£t!D!¯S!cm!=#!x
1!
Y• $3HQ£tS!cmC!l.m)!*+!F63!*+),!1w),!%\9!*01!,.R!12>!"/)!)%L1!4%.T!!
' A.'¯!Y!n!rad!! B.'¯!Y!£!rad!! C.'¯!Y!
!
rad!! D.'¯!Y!s
!
rad!!
Câu 12. !€%•!26!$@&!saiC!p%.!1w),!%\9!%6.!F63!*+),!$t),!9%Ov),7!$t),!1;)!H[!)%O),!),O\$!9%6!)%6&!
1%^T!!
' A.'A.m)!F+!F63!*+),!)%¢!)%L1C!!
' B.'F63!*+),!1w),!%\9!H“!$t),!9%6!=/.!G+1!123),!%6.!F63!*+),!1%#)%!9%;)C!!
!' C.'F63!*+),!1w),!%\9!H“!),O\$!9%6!=/.!G+1!123),!%6.!F63!*+),!1%#)%!9%;).!# #
# D.#A.m)!*+!F63!*+),!"/)!)%L1C!!
Câu 13. !Qa.(&S! p%.! 1w),! %\9! %6.! F63! *+),! $t),! 9%Ov),7! $t),! 1;)! H[! )%O),! ),O\$! 9%6! )%6&! 1%^T
' A.'A.m)!*+!F63!*+),!)%¢!%v)!%.W&!%6.!A.m)!*+!F63!*+),!1%#)%!9%;)C!!
! B.'F63!*+),!1w),!%\9!$t),!9%6!=/.!G+1!123),!%6.!F63!*+),!1%#)%!9%;)C!!
! C.'F63!*+),!1w),!%\9!=&5),!9%6!=/.!G+1!123),!%6.!F63!*+),!1%#)%!9%;)C!! !
' D.'A.m)!*+!F63!*+),!"/)!)%L1C!!
!!
l¦Z•!X§h!z¨o!¨Z!€a©!zª!Ÿs!€a«¬Z•!–!!
2
1
÷
ø
ö
ç
è
æ
p
+w
2
t
21
AA -
2
2
2
1
AA +
2
2
2
1
AA -
2
2
2
1
AA +
3
2
p
2
p
-
3
2
3
2
p
2
p
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
23
–e!!
ce!!
Že!!
•l!!
Ÿ€!!
¥l!!
®h!!
•e!!
¤e!!
–n€!!
––€!!
–ce!!
–Žl!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
CHƯƠNG'II.'SÓNG'CƠ'VÀ'SÓNG'ÂM''
!!
CHỦ'ĐỀ'1:'SÓNG'CƠ-SỰ'TRUYỀN'SÓNG'
A.'LÝ'THUYẾT:'
I.## SÓNG#CƠ:''
1.#Khái#niệm#sóng#cơ#học:!Sóng!cơ!học!là!những!dao!động!cơ!học,!lan!truyền!trong!một!môi!trường.!!
2.#Phân#loại#sóng:''
-' Sóng' ngang:! Sóng! ngang! là! sóng,! mà! phương! dao!
động!của!các!phần!tử!trong!môi!trường!vuông!góc!với!
phương! truyền! sóng.! Sóng! ngang! $%•! 12&':)! *O\$!
trong!chất!rắn!=#!bề!mặt!chất!lỏng!=^!$-!"V$!*#)!%ˆ.!
g&L1!%.W)!4%.!A>!A.j)!F0),!"W$%!C!!
-' Sóng' dọc:! Sóng! dọc! là! sóng,! mà! phương! dao!
động!của! c ác!phần!tử!trong!môi!trường!trùng!với!
phương!truyền!sóng.!Sóng!dọc!truyền!được!trong!
môi!trường!rắn,!lỏng,!khí!vì!t23),!$R$!G5.!12OK),!
)#'!"V$!*#)!%ˆ.!g&L1!%.W)!4%.!$-!A.j)!F0),!)‡)7!
Fž)!!
3.'Giải#thích#sự#tạo#thành#sóng#cơ:!Sóng!cơ!học!được!tạo!thành!nhờ!lực!liên!kết!đàn!h ồi!giữa!các!
phần!tử!của!môi!trường!truyền!dao!động!đi,!các!phần!tử!càng!xa!tâm!dao!động!càng!trễ!pha!hơn.!!
*'Đặc'điểm:''
"!Œ5.!12OK),!)#3!$-!"V$!*#)!%ˆ.!g&L1!%.W)!4%.!A>!A.j)!F0),!"W$%!1%^!12&':)!H-),!),6),C!!
"!Œ5.!12OK),!)#3!$-!"V$!*#)!%ˆ.!g&L1!%.W)!4%.!A>!)‡)!%6'!4‡3!"W$%!1%^!12&':)!H-),!F†$C!
I.'' Những#đại#lượng#đặc#trưng#của#chuyển#động#sóng:''
1.#Chu#kì#và# tần#số#sóng:!€%&!4^!=#!1;)!H[!H-),!"#!$%&!4^!=#!1;)!H[!F63!*+),!$]6!$R$!9%;)!1Š!123),!G5.!
12OK),C!!
a6'!X
sóng
!Y!X
dao!động!
Y!X
nguồn
!i!`
sóng
!Y!`
dao!động!
Y!`
nguồn
!!
2.# Biên# độ# sóng:! l.m)! *+! H-),! 10.! G+1!
*.(G! 123),! G5.! 12OK),! "#! A.m)! *+! F63!
*+),! $]6! $R$! 9%;)! 1Š! G5.! 12OK),! 10.!
*.(G!*-C!a6'!hH-),!Y!hF63!*+),!!
3.# Bước# sóng:! lO/$! H-),! λ "#! 4%3J),!
$R$%! ,.I6! %6.! *.(G! ,;)! )%6&! )%L1! )BG!
12m)!9%Ov),!12&':)!H-),!F63!*+),!$t),!
9%6! %6'! $%?)%! "#! <&ž),! *OK),! H-),!
12&':)!123),!G+1!$%&!4^C!!
4.#Tốc#độ# truyền# sóng T! "#!1[$! *+! 12&':)!
9%6!F63!*+),!!
s!X23),!G+1!G5.!12OK),!Q*ˆ),!$%L1S!1[$!*+!12&':)!H-),!4%5),!*w.!T!v!Y! !!Y!const!!
s!X23),!G+1!$%&!4^!X!H-),!12&':)!*.!*O\$!<&J),!*OK),!"#!λ7!F3!*-!1[$!*+!12&':)!H-),!123),!G+1!G5.!
12OK),!"#!T!=!Y! !!
t
s
f.
T
l=
l
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
24
s!X23),!4%.!H-),!12&':)!*.!1%^!$R$!*•)%!H-),!F.!$%&'()!=/.!1[$!*+!=!Q1˜$!"#!120),!1%R.!F63!*+),!F.!
$%&'()S!$f)!$R$!9%;)!1Š!$]6!G5.!12OK),!=¹)!F63!*+),!<&6)%!=>!12?!$@)!AB),!$]6!$%›),!C!!
5.#Năng#lượng#sóng:!{&R!12^)%!12&':)!H-),!"#!<&R!12^)%!12&':)!)š),!"O\),!1™!9%@)!1Š!)#'!H6),!9%@)!
1Š!4%R$C'Z8),!"O\),!H-),!10.!G+1!*.(G!1•!"W!=/.!A^)%!9%Ov),!A.m)!*+!H-),!10.!*.(G!*-C!!
II.'' Độ#lệch#phA.#Phương#trình#sóng:''
1.'Độ#lệch#pha#:#'
!! Giữa!hai!điểm!trên!một!phương!truyền!sóng!cách!nhau!một!đoạn!x!!
(hoặc!d)có!độ!lệch!pha!là:!!
!
!
Chú'ý:!X™!$5),!1%˜$!12m)!16! $-!1%(!H&'!26!G+1!H[!12OK),!%\9!1%OK),!,89!
H6&!T!!
! "!a6.!F63!*+),!$t),!9%6!4%.!$-T! ‹!Y!kc£! ! d!Y!k.λ! C!a6'T!Hai!điểm!trên!phương!truyền!sóng!
cách!nhau!một!số!nguyên!lần!bước!sóng!thì!dao!động!cùng!pha!
! "!!a6.!F63!*+),!),O\$!9%6!4%.!$-T! ‹Y!Qck!+–S£! !F!Y! C!a6'T!Hai!điểm!trên!phương!
truyền!sóng!cách!nhau!một!khoảng!số!bán!nguyên!lần!bước!sóng!thì!dao!động!ngược!pha.!!
!! "!a6.!F63!*+),!=&5),!9%6!4%.!$-!T!Δ‹Y!Qck!D–
) !
F!Y! C!a6'T!Hai!điểm!trên!phương!
truyền!sóng!cách!nhau!một!khoảng!số!bán!nguyên!lần!nửa!bước!sóng!thì!dao!động!vuông!pha.!!
2.'Lập'phương'trình:''
! s!! Zj&!F63!*+),!10.!k!"#!&
0!
Y!h$3HQωC1!D!φ
0
S7!F63!*+),!*O\$!12&':)!*j)!Œ!$R$%!k!G+1!4%3J),!kŒ!
Y!g!=/.!1[$!*+!=!1%^!F63!*+),!10.!Œ!H“!trể!pha!Δφ!Y!cπ H3!=/.!F63!*+),!10.!k!7!1˜$!"#!$-!1%(!=.j1!!
Δφ Y!phaQu
M!
S!s!phaQu
o
S!Y!s!c£ 7!F3!*-!A.(&!1%˜$!H-),!10.!Œ!H“!"#!T!!
u
M
YA$3H !
Ø
'Chú'ý:''
"
''khi'viết'phương'trình'cos:!’‡1!h7!l7!€!";)!"O\1!"#!A6!*.(G!12m)!$t),!G+1!9%Ov),!12&':)!H-),7!=M)!
1[$!12&':)!H-),!"#!=C!!
!Zj&!9%Ov),!12^)%!F63!*+),!10.!l!$-!F0),T!! !! !
!! &
B!
Y!h$3HQω1DφS!1%^!9%Ov),!12^)%!F63!*+),!10.!h!=#!€!H“!"#T!
! &
A
! Y! h$3H ! =/.! F
1
! Y! hli! &
B
! Y! h$3H
!=/.!F
2
!Y!l€C!
-!Nếu!hai!điển!A!và!B!dao!động!cùng!pha!thì:!u
A!
Yu
B!
.!!
-!Nếu!hai!điển!A!và!B!dao!động!cùng!ngược!thì:!u
A!
Ysu
B!
.!!
-!Nếu!hai!điển!A!và!B!dao!động!vuông!pha!thì!khi!u
Amax
!thì!
!
u
B!
Y!n!và!ngược!lại.!!
3.#Tính#chất#của#sóng:!œ-),!$-!1?)%!$%L1!1&;)!%3#)!1%u3!1%K.!
,.6)!=/.!$%&!4^!X!=#!1&;)!%3#)!1%u3!4%5),!,.6)!=/.!º$%&!4^!º!
AB),!AO/$!H-),!λC!!
4.#Đồ#thị#sóng:''
D
®
D
®
l
÷
ø
ö
ç
è
æ
+
2
1
k
2
p
®
22
1
k
l
÷
ø
ö
ç
è
æ
+
l
x
l
x
÷
ø
ö
ç
è
æ
l
p-j+w
x
2t
0
÷
ø
ö
ç
è
æ
l
p+j+w
1
d
2t
÷
ø
ö
ç
è
æ
l
p-j+w
2
d
2t
! !
l
p=
w
=jD
d
2
v
x.
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
25
6d!X%u3!1%K.!,.6)!"#!*OK),!H.)!"89!"0.!H6&!4CX!C!
!Ad!X%u3!4%5),!,.6)!"#!*OK),!H.)!"89!"0.!H6&!4CλC!!
"!X0.!G+1!*.(G!Œ!gR$!*>)%!123),!G5.!12OK),T!&
M
!"#!G+1!%#G!H[!A.j)!1%.m)!*.:&!%f6!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)!1!
=/.!$%&!4‘!XT!&
t
!Y!h$3HQ 1!D!‹
M
SC!!
"!X0.!G+1!1%K.!*.(G!1!gR$!*>)%T!&
M
!"#!G+1!%#G!A.j)!1%.m)!*.:&!%f6!123),!4%5),!,.6)!1%u3!A.j)!g!=/.!
$%&!4‘!λT!&
x
!Y!h$3HQ g!D!‹
t
SC!!
'B.'TRẮC'NGHIỆM:''
Câu 1. !p%.!G+1!H-),!$v!%†$!12&':)!1™!4%5),!4%?!=#3!)O/$!1%^!*0.!"O\),!)#3!H6&!*@'!không'thay'đổi:''
' A.'_M)!1[$C!! B.'X;)!H[C!! C.'lO/$!H-),C!! D.'Zš),!"O\),C!!
Câu 2. !€%†)!9%R1!A.(&!*›),!¡!œ-),!F†$T!!
' A.'€%•!12&':)!*O\$!123),!$%L1!2U)C!! !
' B.'X2&':)!*O\$!123),!$%L1!2U)!=#!$%L1!"¢),!=#!$%L1!4%?C!!
!' C.'X2&':)!123),!$%L1!2U)7!$%L1!"¢),7!$%L1!4%?!=#!$J!$%@)!4%5),C!
' D.'p%5),!12&':)!*O\$!123),!$%L1!2U)C!!
Câu 3. !œ-),!$v!"#!,^¡!!
! A.''œV!12&':)!$%&'()!*+),!$v!123),!4%5),!4%?C!!
! B.''Z%I),!F63!*+),!$v!%†$!"6)!12&':)!123),!G5.!12OK),!=M1!$%L1C!!
! C.''€%&'()!*+),!1Ov),!*[.!$]6!=M1!)#'!H3!=/.!=M1!4%R$C!!
' D.'œV!$3!Fž)!1&;)!%3#)!,.I6!$R$!9%;)!1Š!G5.!12OK),C!
Câu 4. !œ-),!),6),!"#!H-),T' !
' A.'"6)!12&':)!1%u3!9%Ov),!)BG!),6),C!!
' B.'123),!*-!$R$!9%;)!1Š!H-),!F63!*+),!1%u3!9%Ov),!)BG!),6),C!!
! C.'123),!*-!$R$!9%;)!1Š!H-),!F63!*+),!1%u3!9%Ov),!=&5),!,-$!=/.!9%Ov),!12&':)!H-),C!!
! D.'123),!*-!$R$!9%;)!1Š!H-),!F63!*+),!1%u3!$t),!G+1!9%Ov),!=/.!9%Ov),!12&':)!H-),C!!
Câu 5. !œU9!gj9!,.R!12>!=M)!1[$!12&':)!H-),!$v!%†$!1%u3!1%˜!1V!,.JG!F;)!<&6!$R$!G5.!12OK),!T!!
' A.'§U)7!4%?!=#!"¢),C!! B.'p%?7!"¢),!=#!2U)C!! C.'§U)7!"¢),!=#!4%?C!! D.'E¢),7!4%?!=#!2U)C!!
Câu 6. !_M)!1[$!12&':)!H-),!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!!
' A.')š),!"O\),!H-),C!! !!
B.'1;)!H[!F63!*+),C!! !!
!' C.'G5.!12OK),!12&':)!H-),!=#!)%.W1!*+!G5.!12OK),!! !
' D.'AO/$!H-),!
Câu 7. !o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!=:!*0.!"O\),!*8$!12O),!$]6!H-),!$v!%†$!"#!4%5),!*›),¡' !
' A.''€%&!4‘!$]6!H-),!$%?)%!AB),!$%&!4‘!F63!*+),!$]6!$R$!9%;)!1Š!F63!*+),C!!
! B.''X;)!H[!$]6!H-),!$%?)%!AB),!1;)!H[!F63!*+),!$]6!$R$!9%;)!1Š!F63!*+),C!!
! C.''X[$!*+!$]6!H-),!$%?)%!AB),!1[$!*+!F63!*+),!$]6!$R$!9%;)!1Š!F63!*+),C!!
! D.''lO/$!H-),!"#!<&ž),!*OK),!H-),!12&':)!*.!*O\$!123),!G+1!$%&!4‘C!!
Câu 8. !X23),!)%I),!'j&!1[!H6&!*@'!
! ! !-C!l.(&!1%˜$!H-),!--C!o%Ov),!F63!*+),!---C!l.m)!*+!H-),!-_C!o%Ov),!12&':)!H-),!
!Z%I),!'j&!1[!,.›9!$%›),!16!9%@)!A.W1!H-),!F†$!=/.!H-),!),6),!"#T!!
' A.'-!=#!--!! B.'--!=#!---!! C.'---!=#!-_!! D.'--!=#!-_!!
Câu 9. !o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!4%5),!*›),T!!
! A.'X23),!<&R!12^)%!12&':)!H-),7!9%6!F63!*+),!*O\$!12&':)!*.!$f)!$R$!9%;)!1Š!$]6!G5.!12OK),!1%^!
F63!*+),!10.!$%•C!!
! B.''{&R!12^)%!12&':)!H-),!$v!"#!<&R!12^)%!12&':)!)š),!"O\),!!
T
2p
l
p2
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
26
! C.''lO/$!H-),!"#!4%3J),!$R$%!,.I6!c!*.(G!,;)!)%6&!)%L1!12m)!9%Ov),!12&':)!H-),!=#!F63!*+),!
$t),!9%6C!!
! D.''œ-),!12&':)!123),!$R$!G5.!12OK),!4%R$!)%6&!,.R!12>!AO/$!H-),!=¹)!4%5),!1%6'!*w.C!!
Câu 10. !€%†)!9%R1!A.(&!H6.C!{&R!12^)%!"6)!12&':)!$]6!H-),!$v!%†$T!!
! A.''E#!<&R!12^)%!12&':)!)š),!"O\),!! !!
! B.''E#!<&R!12^)%!12&':)!F63!*+),!123),!G5.!12OK),!=M1!$%L1!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)C!!
! C.''E#!<&R!12^)%!"6)!12&':)!$]6!9%6!F63!*+),C!!
D.'E#!<&R!12^)%!"6)!12&':)!$R$!9%;)!1Š!=M1!$%L1!123),!4%5),!,.6)!=#!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)C!!
Câu 11. !œ-),!),6),!T!!
' A.'$%•!12&':)!*O\$!123),!$%L1!2U)!! !
! B.'12&':)!*O\$!123),!$%L1!2U)!=#!12m)!A:!G81!$%L1!"¢),!!
! C.'12&':)!*O\$!123),!$%L1!2U)7!$%L1!"¢),!=#!$%L1!4%?!!
! D.'12&':)!*O\$!123),!$%L1!2U)7!$%L1!"¢),7!$%L1!4%?!=#!$%@)!4%5),!!
Câu 12. !Œ+1!H-),!$v!%†$!"6)!12&':)!123),!G+1!G5.!12OK),!h!=/.!=M)!1[$!=
A
!=#!4%.!12&':)!123),!G5.!
12OK),!l!$-!=M)!1[$!v
B
!=! v
A
C!X;)!H[!H-),!123),!G5.!12OK),!l!H“T!!
' A.'"/)!,L9!c!";)!1;)!H[!123),!G5.!12OK),!h!! B.'AB),!1;)!H[!123),!G5.!12OK),!h!!
' C.'AB),!–dc!1;)!H[!123),!G5.!12OK),!h!! D.'AB),!–d•!1;)!H[!123),!G5.!12OK),!h!!
Câu 13. !o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!*›),!4%.!)-.!=:!H-),!$v¡!!
! A.''lO/$!H-),!"#!4%3J),!$R$%!,.I6!%6.!*.(G!,;)!)%6&!)%L1!G#!F63!*+),!$t),!9%6C!!
! B.''œ-),!$v!12&':)!123),!$%L1!2U)!"&5)!"#!H-),!F†$C!!
' C.'œ-),!$v!12&':)!123),!$%L1!"¢),!"&5)!"#!H-),!),6),C!!
!' D.'lO/$!H-),!"#!4%3J),!$R$%!,.I6!%6.!*.(G!,;)!)%6&!)%L1!12m)!$t),!G+1!9%Ov),!12&':)!H-),!G#!
F63!*+),!10.!%6.!*.(G!*-!$t),!9%6C!!
Câu 14. !Œ+1!),&ˆ)!F63!*+),!*81!10.!*.(G!h!12m)!G81!$%L1!"¢),!)BG!),6),!9%R1!26!F**%!1%u3!9%Ov),!
1%}),!*˜),!=/.!9%Ov),!12^)%!&
A
!Y!6$3Hq1C!œ-),!F3!),&ˆ)!F*!)#'!103!26!12&':)!12m)!G81!$%L1!"¢),!$-!
AO/$!H-),!»!1/.!*.(G!Œ!$R$%!h!G+1!4%3J),!gC!€3.!A.m)!*+!H-),!=#!=M)!1[$!H-),!4%5),!*w.!4%.!12&':)!
*.!1%^!9%Ov),!12^)%!F63!*+),!10.!*.(G!Œ!"#!!
' A.'&
M
!Y!6$3Hq1!! ! B.'&
M
!Y!6$3HQq1!s£gdλS!
!! C.'&
M
!Y!6$3HQq1!D!£gdλS!! D.' &
M
!Y!6$3HQq1!sc£gdλSC!!
Câu 15. !p%.!)-.!=:!H-),!$v!%†$7!9%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!H6.¡!!
! A.''œ-),!$v!%†$!"#!HV!"6)!12&':)!F63!*+),!$v!%†$!123),!G5.!12OK),!=M1!$%L1!!
! B.''œ-),!$v!%†$!12&':)!*O\$!123),!1L1!$J!$R$!G5.!12OK),!2U)7!"¢),7!4%?!=#!$%@)!4%5),C!!
C.''œ-),!@G!12&':)!123),!4%5),!4%?!"#!H-),!F†$C!!
' D.''œ-),!$v!%†$!"6)!12&':)!12m)!G81!)O/$!"#!H-),!),6),!!
Câu 16. !o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!H6.¡œ-),!*.W)!1™!=#!H-),!$v!!
' A.'*:&!1&@)!1%u3!<&'!"&M1!9%J)!g0!' B.'*:&!G6),!)š),!"O\),C!!
!' C.'*:&!12&':)!*O\$!123),!$%@)!4%5),!' D.'*:&!1&@)!1%u3!<&'!"&M1!,.63!1%36!!
Câu 17. !X23),!G+1!G5.!12OK),!=M1!$%L17!H-),!$v!%†$!!
! A.''"6)!12&':)!=/.!=M)!1[$!4%5),!*w.!=#!"#G!$%3!$R$!9%;)!1Š!=M1!$%L1!$]6!G5.!12OK),!$%&'()!*+),!
1%}),!*:&!!
! B.''"6)!12&':)!=/.!=M)!1[$!1š),!F;)!=#!"#G!$%3!$R$!9%;)!1Š!=M1!$%L1!$]6!G5.!12OK),!$%&'()!*+),!
)%6)%!F;)!*:&!!
! C.''"6)!12&':)!=/.!=M)!1[$!,.JG!F;)!=#!"#G!$%3!$R$!9%;)!1Š!=M1!$%L1!$]6!G5.!12OK),!$%&'()!*+),!
$%MG!F;)!*:&!!
! D.''"6)!12&':)!=/.!=M)!1[$!4%5),!*w.!=#!"#G!$%3!$R$!9%;)!1Š!=M1!$%L1!$]6!G5.!12OK),!F63!*+),!
*.:&!%f6!!
2
1
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
27
Câu 18. !Œ+1!H-),!$v!12&':)!123),!G+1!G5.!12OK),!1%^!*0.!"O\),!)#3!FO/.!*@'!*+$!"M9!=/.!*0.!"O\),!
4%R$!!
' A.'1;)!H[C!! ! B.'<&ž),!*OK),!12&':)!H-),C!
!' C.'1[$!*+!12&':)!H-),C! !' D.'AO/$!H-),C!!
Câu 19. !a\9!"V$!12&':)!F63!*+),!*(!103!)m)!H-),!),6),!12m)!A:!G81!$%L1!"¢),!"#!!
' A.'"V$!$š),!A:!G81!$%L1!"¢),!=#!12†),!"V$C!! !
! B.'"V$!*¼'!¨$sH.sG‡1!=#!"V$!$š),!A:!G81!$%L1!"¢),C!!
!' C.'12†),!"V$!=#!"V$!*¼'!¨$sH.sG‡1C!!
' D.'"V$!$š),!A:!G81!$%L1!"¢),7!12†),!"V$!=#!"V$!*¼'!¨$sH.sG‡1C!!
Câu 20. !p%.!H-),!@G!QH-),!$v!%†$S!=#!H-),!*.W)!1™!$t),!12&':)!1™!4%5),!4%?!=#3!123),!)O/$!1%^T!!
' A.'€J!c!H-),!$t),!$-!AO/$!H-),!,.JGC!! !
' B.'€J!c!H-),!$t),!,.JG!=M)!1[$!"6)!12&':)C!!
!' C.'€J!c!H-),!$t),!$-!1;)!H[!4%5),!*w.C!! !
' D.'€J!c!H-),!$t),!$-!1;)!H[!=#!9%Ov),!12&':)!4%5),!*w.C!!
Câu 21. !X?)%!$%L1!)#3!H6&!*@'!4%5),!9%J.!"#!1?)%!$%L1!$]6!H-),!$vT!!
' A.'p%5),!$-!1?)%!1&;)!%3#)!1%u3!4%5),!,.6)C!! !
' B.'€-!1?)%!1&;)!%3#)!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)C!!
!' C.'p%5),!G6),!1%u3!9%;)!1Š!G5.!12OK),!4%.!"6)!12&':)C!!
' D.'€-!%.W)!1O\),!,.63!1%367!)%.”&!g0!!
Câu 22. !€%†)!$@&!*›),!!
! A.''e63!*+),!$]6!G+1!*.(G!AL1!4‘!12m)!9%Ov),!12&':)!H-),!H“!$-!A.m)!*+!$V$!*0.!4%.!)-!$t),!9%6!
F63!*+),!=/.!),&ˆ)C!!
! B.'l.m)!*+!H-),!10.!G+1!*.(G!"#!A.m)!*+!F63!*+),!$]6!9%;)!1Š!=M1!$%L1!10.!*.(G!*-!4%.!$-!H-),!
12&':)!<&6C!!
! C.'X;)!H[!F63!*+),!$]6!$R$!9%;)!1Š!=M1!$%L1!$-!H-),!12&':)!<&6!H“!,.JG!F;)!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)!F3!G6!
HR1C!!
! D.''œV!12&':)!H-),!"#!HV!12&':)!9%6!F63!*+),!=^!$R$!9%;)!1Š!=M1!$%L1!4%.!$-!H-),!12&':)!<&6!H“!
F63!*+),!$t),!9%6!=/.!),&ˆ)C!!
Câu 23. !_M)!1[$!12&':)!H-),!"#!!
! A.''=M)!1[$!F63!*+),!$]6!$R$!9%;)!1Š!=M1!$%L1C!!
! B.''=M)!1[$!12&':)!9%6!F63!*+),!=#!=M)!1[$!F63!*+),!$]6!$R$!9%;)!1Š!=M1!$%L1C!!
! C.''=M)!1[$!12&':)!9%6!F63!*+),C!! !
' D.'1[$!F63!*+),!$]6!),&ˆ)C!!
Câu 24. Œ+1!H-),!@G!*O\$!G5!1J!AN.!9%Ov),!12^)%!'!Y!h$3Hc£ C!X[$!*+!$V$!*0.!$]6!9%@)!1Š!
G5.!12OK),!AB),!•!";)!1[$!*+!12&':)!H-),!4%.!!
' A.'λ!Y!•£hC!' B.'λ!Y!£hdcC!! C.'λ!Y!£hC!! D.'λ!Y!£hd•C!!
Câu 25. !€%†)!$@&!*›),!4%.!)-.!=:!1[$!*+!12&':)!H-),T!!
' A.'X[$!*+!12&':)!H-),!123),!G+1!G5.!12OK),!! !
! B.'9%…!1%&+$!=#3!AJ)!$%L1!G5.!12OK),!=#!1;)!H[!H-),C!!
!' C.'9%…!1%&+$!=#3!AJ)!$%L1!G5.!12OK),!=#!A.m)!*+!H-),C!!
' D.'$%•!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!AJ)!$%L1!G5.!12OK),C!!
Câu 26. !Œ+1!H-),!$v!%†$!"6)!12&':)!123),!4%5),!4%?!$-!AO/$!H-),!λC!p%3J),!$R$%!,.I6!%6.!*.(G!12m)!
$t),!G+1!9%Ov),!12&':)!H-),!F63!*+),!),O\$!9%6!)%6&!"#!!
' A.'F!Y!Qc4!D–S C!' B.'F!Y!Qc4!D–S C!! C.'F!Y!Qc4!D–SλC' D.'F!Y!4λC!!
÷
ø
ö
ç
è
æ
l
-
x
T
t
4
l
2
l
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
28
Câu 27. !X23),!%.W)!1O\),!12&':)!H-),!12m)!G81!)O/$!F3!G+1!),&ˆ)!H-),!,@'!267!)j&!,†.!AO/$!H-),!"#!
λ7!1%^!4%3J),!$R$%!,.I6!)!=f),!12f)!H-),!Q,\)!)%5S!".m)!1.j9!)%6&!H“!"#C!!
! A.'!)λC' B.'Q)!s!–SλC!' C.'n7Ÿ)λC!' D.'Q)!D!–SλC!!
!!
BẢNG'TRA'ĐÁP'ÁN'CHỦ'ĐỀ'1-'CHƯƠNG'II'
!!
–l!!
cl!!
Žl!!
•€!!
Ÿ€!!
¥€!!
®€!!
•e!!
¤e!!
–ne!!
––l!!
–cl!!
–Že!!
–•e!!
–Ÿl!!
–¥€!!
–®e!!
–•h!!
–¤h!!
cn€!!
c–h!!
ccl!!
cŽ€!!
c•l!!
cŸe!!
c¥l!!
c®l!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
CHỦ'ĐỀ'2:'GIAO'THOA'SÓNG'–'SÓNG'DỪNG'
A.'LÝ'THUYẾT':''
I.#GIAO'THOA'SÓNG:''
1.#Hiện'tượng'giao'thoa'của'hai'sóng'trên'mặt'nước:!!
v z>)%!),%—6T!%.W)!1O\),!c!H-),!Q4j1!%\9S!,89!)%6&!103!)m)!$R$!,\)!H-),!w)!*>)%!Q,†.!"#!vân!giao!thoa!
SC!!
v •.J.!1%?$%!T!! s!Những!điểm!đứng!yên:!c!H-),!,89!)%6&!),Ov½ !$!9%67!12.W1!1.m&!)%6&C!!
! ! ! s!Những!điểm!dao!động!rất!mạnh:!c!H-),!,89!)%6&!$&¾ ),!9%67!16!),!$OK),!"¹)!)%6&C!!
2.#Phương'trình'sóng'tổng'hợp:''
! "!•.J!HŠT!&
1!
Y!&
2!
Y!h$3HQq1S!là#hai#nguồn#sóng#dao#động#cùng#pha.!!
! !œ&'!26T!&
1M!
Y!h$3HQq1!s!c£ S!=#!&
2M!
Y!h$3H!Qq1s!c£
!
S!!
!! o%Ov),!12^)%!H-),!1w),!%\9!10.!ŒT!! !! !!
!
!
!
!
!
!
3.#Cực'đại'và'cực'tiểu'giao'thoa:'
"
'#Biên#độ#dao#động#tổng#hợp#tại#M:''
!! A !Y!h D!h D!ch–h
1
$3HΔφ!Y!ch
2
Q–D$3HΔφS!QcS!
a6'!!
!
!
!
"
#Độ# lệch# pha#của#hai#dao#động:''
!
!
!
Kết#hợp#(1)#và#(2)#ta#suy#ra:#'
§ !Vị'trí'các'cực'đại'giao'thoa:!d
2!
s!d
1!
Y!kλ!với!k! Z!!
!ÞZ%I),!*.(G!$V$!*0.!,.63!1%36!"#!)%I),!*.(G!F63!*+),!=/.!
A.m)!*+!$V$!*0.!A
M!
Y!cAC!z-!"#!)%I),!*.(G!$-!%.W&!*OK),!*.!
$]6!c!H-),!1/.!*-!AB),!G+1!số!nguyên!";)!AO/$!H-),!λQtrong!
đó!có!đường!trung!trực!của!œ
1
œ
2
!là!cực!đại!bậc!0:!k!=!0;!cực!đại!bậc!1:!k!Yy–………!)!!
§ !Vị'trí'các'cực'tiểu'giao'thoa:!d
2!
s!d
1!
Y!Qk!+ Sλ!=/.!k! Z!!
l
1
d
l
2
d
( )
÷
ø
ö
ç
è
æ
l
+p
-w
l
-p
=
1212
dd
tcos.
)dd(
co sA2uM
2
M
2
1
2
2
Î
2
1
Î
!
!
!
2
cosA2A
M
jD
=
( )
12
dd
2
-
l
p
=jD
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
29
!! ÞZ%I),!*.(G! $V$! 1.(&! ,.63! 1%36! "#! )%I),! *.(G! F63! *+),! =/.! A.m)! *+! $V$! 1.(&! A
M!
Y!nC!z-!"#!
)%I),!*.(G!˜),!=/.!)%I),!*.(G!$-!%.W&!*OK),!*.!$]6!c!H-),!1/.!*-!AB),!G+1!số!nửa!nguyên!";)!
AO/$!H-),!λ!(trong!đó!cực!tiểu!bậc!1:!k!Y!ni!s–;!cực!tiểu!bậc!hai!k!Y!Y–i!sc)!!
Ø
'Chú#ý:#'
"!p%3J),!$R$%!,.I6!%6.!,\)!"ˆ.!QA.m)!*+!$V$!*0.S!".m)!1.j9!%38$!%6.!,\)!"¿G!QA.m)!*+!$V$!1.(&S!".m)!1.j9!
12m)!*30)!œ
1
!œ
2
!AB),!λdci!G+1!$V$!*0.!=#!G+1!$V$!1.(&!".m)!1.j9!"#!λd•!!
"
'Hiện#tượng#giao#thoa#là#hiện#tượng#đặc#trưng#của#sóng''
4.#Điều'kiện'giao'thoa:!a6.!H-),!,89!)%6&!9%J.!"#!c!H-),!4j1!%\9!*O\$!9%R1!26!1™!c!),&ˆ)!4j1!%\97!
1˜$!"#!c!),&ˆ)!T!!
s!F63!*+),!$t),!9%Ov),7!$t),!$%&!4‘!Q%6'!$t),!1;)!H[!S!!
s!$-!%.W&!H[!9%6!4%5),!*w.!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)!
'II.#SÓNG'DỪNG:''
1.'Sự'phản'xạ'của'sóng:''
s!Zj&!=M1!$J)!$[!*>)%!1%^!10.!*.(G!9%J)!g07!H-),!9%J)!g0!"&5)!"&5)!
),O\$!9%6!=/.!H-),!1/.!=#!12.W1!1.m&!"¹)!)%6&!! !h!l!!
s!Zj&!=M1!$J)!1V!F3!1%^!10.!*.(G!9%J)!g07!H-),!9%J)!g0!"&5)!"&5)!
$t),!9%6!=/.!H-),!1/.!=#!1š),!$OK),!"¹)!)%6&!!
2.'Sóng'dừng:!œ-),!1/.!=#!H-),!9%J)!g0!nếu!truyền!theo!cùng!một!
phương7!1%^!$-!1%(!giao!thoa!với!nhau,!=#!103!1%#)%!G+1!%W!H-),!
F™),C!!
s!X23),!H-),!F™),7!G+1!H[!*.(G!"&5)!*˜),!'m)!,†.!"#!nút7!G+1!H[!
*.(G!"&5)!F63!*+),!=/.!A.m)!*+!$V$!*0.!,†.!"#!bụngC!p%3J),!$R$%!
,.I6!c!)›1!".m)!1.j9!%38$!c!A…),!".m)!1.j9!AB),!)Š6!AO/$!H-),!!
s!œ-),!F™),!"#!HV!,.63!1%36!$]6!H-),!1/.!=#!H-),!9%J)!g07!$-!1%(!$-!
12m)!G+1!F@'7!12m)!G81!$%L1!"¢),7!123),!4%5),!4%?!Q12m)!G81!$%L1!"¢),!)%O!H-),!A.()!*M9!=#3!=R$%!*R!
1%}),!*˜),SC!!
s!_>!12?!)›1T!p%3J),!$R$%!,.I6!%6.!)›1!".m)!1.j9!AB),!λdcC!!
s!_>!12?!A…),T!p%3J),!$R$%!,.I6!%6.!A…),!".m)!1.j9!AB),!λdcC!!
s!p%3J),!$R$%!,.I6!G+1!)›1!=#!–!A…),!".m)!1.j9!"#!λd•!
3.#Điều#kiện#để#có#sóng#dừng#trên#sợi#dây:#'
a)#Điều#kiện#để#có#sóng#dừng#trên#sợi#dây#có#hai#
đầu#cố#định:#'
!
!
!
!
l:! c %.:&!F#.!H\.!F@'i!H[!A…),!H-),!Y!)i!H[!)›1!H-),!Y!
)D–!!
b)#Điều#kiện#để#có#sóng#dừng#trên#sợi#dây#có#m ột#
đầu#cố#định#một#đầu#tự#do:#'
!! !! !!
!
!
! ! ! l:!c%.:&!F#.!H\.!F@'i!H[!A…),YH[!)›1!Y!)D–!
' 'CHÚ'Ý:''
!
_/.!Q) Z±S!
EYQc)D–S Y!G !
_/.!Q)! !ZS!%6'!G!Y!–7!Ž7!Ÿ7!®À!
2
nl
l
=
Î
4
l
4
l
Î
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
30
-!Các!điểm!dao!động!nằm!trên!cùng!một!bó!sóng!thì! luôn!dao!động!cùng!pha!hay!các!điểm!đối!xứng!qua!
bụng!sóng!thì!luôn!dao!động!cùng!pha.!!
-!Các!điểm!dao!động!thuộc!hai!bó!liên!tiếp!nhau!thì!dao!động!ngược!pha!hay! các!điểm!đối!xứng!qua!nút!
sóng!thì!luôn!dao!
!
động!ngược!pha!!
'B.'TRẮC'NGHIỆM:''
Câu 1. !a6.!H-),!4j1!%\9!"#!%6.!H-),T!!
' A.'€-!$%&!4^!AB),!)%6&!! !!
' B.'€-!1;)!H[!,;)!AB),!)%6&!!
!' C.'€-!1;)!H[!AB),!)%6&!=#!*+!"W$%!9%6!4%5),!*w.!!
' D.'€-!AO/$!H-),!AB),!)%6&!!
Câu 2. !€%†)!$@&!12J!"K.!đúng.!a6.!H-),!)#3!H6&!*@'!không!,.63!1%36!*O\$!=/.!)%6&!!
' A.'a6.!H-),!$-!$t),!1;)!H[7!$t),!A.m)!*+C!!
' B.'a6.!H-),!$-!$t),!1;)!H[!=#!$t),!9%6C!!
! C.'a6.!H-),!$-!$t),!1;)!H[7!$t),!A.m)!*+!=#!%.W&!9%6!4%5),!*w.!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)C!!
! D.'a6.!H-),!$-!$t),!1;)!H[7!$t),!)š),!"O\),!=#!%.W&!9%6!4%5),!*w.!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)!!
Câu 3. !p%.!G+1!H-),!G81!)O/$!,89!G+1!4%u!$%U)!%²9!$-!4?$%!1%O/$!)%¢!%v)!AO/$!H-),!1%^!!
' A.'H-),!=¹)!1.j9!1…$!12&':)!1%}),!<&6!4%uC!! !
! B.'H-),!,89!4%u!=#!9%J)!g0!"0.C!!
!' C.'H-),!12&':)!<&6!4%u!,.[),!)%O!4%u!"#!G+1!1@G!9%R1!H-),!G/.C!!
' D.'H-),!,89!4%u!H“!F™),!"0.C!!
Câu 4. !€%†)!$@&!12J!"K.!*›),!!
! A.' •.63! 1%36! H-),! )O/$! "#! %.W)! 1O\),! gJ'! 26! 4%.! %6.! H-),! $-! $t),! 1;)! H[! ,89! )%6&! 12m)! G81!
1%3R),C!!
! B.'Zv.!)#3!$-!H-),!1%^!)v.!L'!$-!%.W)!1O\),!,.63!1%36C!!
! C.'a6.!H-),!$-!$t),!1;)!H[!=#!$-!*+!"W$%!9%6!4%5),!*w.!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)!"#!%6.!H-),!4j1!%\9!!
! D.'a6.!),&ˆ)!F63!*+),!$-!$t),!9%Ov),7!$t),!1;)!H[!"#!%6.!),&ˆ)!4j1!%\9C!!
Câu 5. !X23),! %.W)! 1O\),! ,.63! 1%36! H-),! $]6! %6.! ),&ˆ)! 4j1! %\9! *ˆ),! 9%67! )%I),! *.(G! 123),! G5.!
12OK),!12&':)!H-),!"#!$V$!1.(&!,.63!1%36!4%.!%.W&!*OK),!*.!$]6!H-),!1™!%6.!),&ˆ)!1/.!"#T!Q=/.!4! !Á!S!!
! A.'F
2
!·F
1
!Y!k ! B.'F
2
!·!F
1
!Y!Qc4!D!–S ' C.'F
2
!·!F
1
!Y!4λ' D.'F
2
!·F
1
!Y!Qc4!D!–S !!
Câu 6. !X0.!%6.!*.(G!h!=#!l!12m)!G81!)O/$!)BG!),6),!$-!%6.!),&ˆ)!H-),!$v!4j1!%\97!F63!*+),!1%u3!
9%Ov),!1%}),!*˜),C!€-!HV!,.63!1%36!$]6!%6.!H-),!)#'!12m)!G81!)O/$C'X0.!12&),!*.(G!$]6!*30)!hl7!
9%;)!1Š!)O/$!F63!*+),!=/.!A.m)!*+!$V$!*0.C!a6.!),&ˆ)!H-),!*-!F63!*+),!!
' A.'"W$%!9%6!)%6&!,-$!£dŽ!! B.'$t),!9%6!)%6&!!
' C.'),O\$!9%6!)%6&C!! ' D.'"W$%!9%6!)%6&!,-$!£dc!!
!Q€zcnn¤S!x!G81!)O/$!$-!%6.!),&ˆ)!H-),!F*!1%u3!9%Ov),!=&5),!,-$!=/.!G81!)O/$7!$-!$t),!9%Ov),!
12^)%!&!Y!h$3Hq1C!X23),!G.:)!,89!)%6&!$]6!%6.!H-),7!)%I),!*.(G!G#!N!*-!$R$!
Câu 7. 9%;)!1Š!)O/$!F63!*+),!=/.!A.m)!*+!$V$!*0.!H“!$-!%.W&!*OK),!*.!$]6!H-),!1™!%6.!),&ˆ)!*j)!*-!
AB),!!
' A.'G+1!H[!"Â!";)!)Š6!AO/$!H-),C!' B.'G+1!H[!),&'m)!";)!AO/$!H-),C!!
!' C.'G+1!H[!),&'m)!";)!)Š6!AO/$!H-),C!! D.'G+1!H[!"Â!";)!AO/$!H-),C!!
Câu 8. !X23),! %.W)! 1O\),! ,.63! 1%36! H-),! $]6! %6.! ),&ˆ)! 4j1! %\9! *ˆ),! 9%677! )%I),! *.(G! 123),! G5.!
12OK),!12&':)!H-),!"#!$V$!*0.!,.63!1%36!4%.!%.W&!*OK),!*.!$]6!H-),!1™!%6.!),&ˆ)!4j1!%\9!1/.!"#T!Q=/.!4!
!Á!S!!
! A.'F
2
!·F
1
!Y!4 ! !B.'F
2
!·!F
1
!Y!Qc4!D!–S C.'F
2
!·!F
1
!Y!4λ!! D.'F
2
!·F
1
!Y!Qc4!D!–S !!
Î
2
l
2
l
4
l
Î
2
l
2
l
4
l
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
31
Câu 9. !X2m)!G81!)O/$!)BG!),6),!$-!%6.!),&ˆ)!4j1!%\9!S
1
!=#!S
2
!F*!1%u3!9%Ov),!1%}),!*˜),7!$t),!
9%67!=/.!$t),!A.m)!*+!6!4%5),!1%6'!*w.!123),!<&R!12^)%!12&':)!H-),C!p%.!$-!HV!,.63!1%36!%6.!H-),!*-!
12m)!G81!)O/$!1%^!F63!*+),!10.!12&),!*.(G!$]6!*30)!S
1
S
2
!$-!A.m)!*+!!
' A.'$V$!*0.!! B.'$V$!1.(&!! C.'AB),!6dc!' D.'AB),!6!!
Câu 10. !€%†)!$@&!12J!"K.!đúng.!a.W)!1O\),!,.63!1%36!"#!%.W)!1O\),!!
' A.',.63!)%6&!$]6!%6.!H-),!10.!G+1!*.(G!123),!G5.!12OK),C!!
' B.'1w),!%\9!$]6!%6.!F63!*+),!4j1!%\9C!!
! C.'103!1%#)%!$R$!=@)!%^)%!%'9u2A3"!12m)!G81!)O/$C!!
! D.'%6.!H-),!4%.!,89!)%6&!10.!G+1!*.(G!$-!1%(!1š),!$OK),!)%6&7!%38$!12.W1!1.m&!)%6&7!1&‘!1%u3!"+!
12^)%!$]6!$%›),C!!
Câu 11. !X23),!,.63!1%36!H-),!$]6!%6.!),&ˆ)!4j1!%\9C!X2m)!*30)!$-!$%.:&!F#.!l!1%&+$!*OK),!1%}),!)[.!
%6.!),&ˆ)!$-!Z!$V$!1.(&C!!
' A.'l!=!n C' B.'l!=n!-!1 ! C.'l!=!n ! D.'l!=!2n+1 !!
Câu 12. !X23),!%W!H-),!F™),!12m)!G+1!H\.!F@'7!4%3J),!$R$!,.I6!%6.!)›1!".m)!1.j9!AB),T!!
' A.'Œ+1!AO/$!H-),C!! ! B.'ZŠ6!AO/$!H-),C!! !
! C.'Œ+1!9%;)!1O!AO/$!H-),C!! D.'a6.!";)!AO/$!H-),C!!
Câu 13. !X23),!%W!H-),!F™),!12m)!G+1!H\.!F@'!G#!%6.!*;&!*O\$!,.I!$[!*>)%7!AO/$!H-),!AB),T!!
' A.'z+!F#.!$]6!F@'C!! ' '
' B.'Œ+1!)Š6!*+!F#.!$]6!F@'C!! !!
! C.'p%3J),!$R$%!,.I6!%6.!)›1!%6'!%6.!A…),!H-),!".m)!1.j9C!! !! !!
! D.'a6.!";)!4%3J),!$R$%!,.I6!%6.!)›1!%6'!%6.!A…),!".m)!1.j9C!!
Câu 14. !Khi'lấy' k'='0,'1,2,…'z.:&!4.W)!*(!$-!H-),!F™),!12m)!F@'!$-!$%.:&!F#.!l!4%.!G+1!*;&!F@'!$[!*>)%!
=#!*;&!$f)!"0.!1V!F3!"#!T!!
' A.'l!Y!4»!! B.'l!Y4!»dc!! C.'l!Y!Qc4!D!–S»dc!! D.'l!Y!Qc4!D!–S!»!d•!!
Câu 15. !z.:&!4.W)!*(!$-!H-),!F™),!12m)!F@'!4%.!$J!%6.!*;&!F@'!h7!l!*:&!$[!*>)%!"#T!!
' A.'l!Y!4»!! B.'l!Y!4!»dc!! C.'l!Y!Qc4!D!–S»dc!! D.'l!Y!Qc4!D!–S»d•!!
Câu 16. !o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!*›),¡!!
! A.'p%.!$-!H-),!F™),!12m)!F@'!*#)!%ˆ.!1%^!1L1!$J!$R$!*.(G!12m)!F@'!*:&!F™),!"0.!4%5),!F63!*+),C!!
! B.'p%.!$-!H-),!F™),!12m)!F@'!*#)!%ˆ.!1%^!),&ˆ)!9%R1!H-),!),™),!F63!*+),!$f)!$R$!*.(G!12m)!F@'!
=¹)!F63!*+),C!!
' C.'p%.!$-!H-),!F™),!12m)!F@'!*#)!%ˆ.!1%^!12m)!F@'!$-!$R$!Ã.(G!F63!Ã+),!G0)%!gu)!4“!=/.!$R$!Ã.(G!
Ø),!'m)C!!
!' D.'p%.!$-!H-),!F™),!12m)!F@'!*#)!%ˆ.!1%^!12m)!F@'!$%•!$f)!H-),!9%J)!g07!$f)!H-),!1/.!A>!12.W1!1.m&!
Câu 17. !p%.!$-!H-),!F™),!12m)!G+1!H\.!F@'!*#)!%ˆ.!1%^!4%3J),!$R$%!,.I6!)!A…),!H-),!AB),!!
A.!n !!B.'n ! C.'n-1 C!! D.'n-1 !!
Câu 18. !p%.!$-!H-),!F™),!12m)!G+1!H\.!F@'!*#)!%ˆ.7!4%3J),!$R$%!1™!G+1!A…),!*j)!)›1!,;)!)-!)%L1!
AB),!!
! A.!G+1!H[!),&'m)!";)!AO/$!H-),C!' B.'G+1!)Š6!AO/$!H-),C!!
! C.'G+1!AO/$!H-),C!!! ' D.'G+1!9%;)!1O!AO/$!H-),C!!
Câu 19. !{&6)!HR1!12m)!G+1!H\.!F@'!1%L'!$-!H-),!F™),!=/.!A.m)!*+!$]6!A…),!H-),!"#!hC'X0.!*.(G!12m)!H\.!
F@'!$R$%!A…),!H-),!G+1!9%;)!1O!AO/$!H-),!$-!A.m)!*+!F63!*+),!AB),T!!
! A.'!hdc!! B.'n!! C.'hd•!! D.'h!!
Câu 20. !X2m)!G+1!H\.!F@'!$-!$%.:&!F#.!l7!%6.!*;&!$[!*>)%7!*6),!$-!H-),!F™),C!X2m)!F@'!$-!G+1!A…),!
H-),C!l.j1!=M)!1[$!12&':)!H-),!12m)!F@'!"#!=!4%5),!*w.C!X;)!H[!$]6!H-),!"#T!!
2
l
2
l
4
l
2
l
4
l
2
l
2
l
4
l
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
32
! A.! ! B.' ' C.' ! D.' !
Câu 21. !œ-),!12&':)!12m)!G+1!H\.!F@'!$-!G+1!*;&!$[!*>)%7!G+1!*;&!1V!F3C!Œ&[)!$-!H-),!F™),!12m)!F@'!
1%^!$%.:&!F#.!$]6!H\.!F@'!9%J.!AB),T!!
! A.!G+1!H[!$%Ä)!";)!G+1!9%;)!1O!AO/$!H-),C!! B.'G+1!H[!"Â!";)!)Š6!AO/$!H-),C!!
! C.'G+1!H[!),&'m)!";)!AO/$!H-),C!! D.'G+1!H[!"Â!";)!G+1!9%;)!1O!AO/$!H-),C!!
Câu 22. !Œ+1!H\.!F@'!$%.:&!F#.!ℓ!$š),!),6),7!%6.!*;&!$[!*>)%C!X2m)!F@'!*6),!$-!H-),!F™),!=/.!)!A…),!
H-),7!1[$!*+!12&':)!H-),!12m)!F@'!"#!=C!p%3J),!1%K.!,.6)!,.I6!%6.!";)!".m)!1.j9!H\.!F@'!F&•.!1%}),!"#!!
! A.' ' B.' ' C.' ' D.! !
Câu 23. !Q€zcn–cS!p%.!)-.!=:!HV!9%J)!g0!$]6!H-),!$v!12m)!=M1!$J)!$[!*>)%7!9%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!*›),¡!
' A.'X;)!H[!$]6!H-),!9%J)!g0!"&5)!"/)!%v)!1;)!H[!$]6!H-),!1/.C!!
! B.''œ-),!9%J)!g0!"&5)!),O\$!9%6!=/.!H-),!1/.!N!*.(G!9%J)!g0C!!
! C.''X;)!H[!$]6!H-),!9%J)!g0!"&5)!)%¢!%v)!1;)!H[!$]6!H-),!1/.C!!
! D.''œ-),!9%J)!g0!"&5)!$t),!9%6!=/.!H-),!1/.!N!*.(G!9%J)!g0C!!
Câu 24. !€%†)!$@&!12J!"K.!đúng.!µ),!F…),!$]6!%.W)!1O\),!H-),!F™),!*(!!
! A.''gR$!*>)%!1[$!*+!12&':)!H-),C!' B.'gR$!*>)%!$%&!4^!H-),C!! !
' C.'gR$!*>)%!1;)!H[!H-),C!' D.'gR$!*>)%!)š),!"O\),!H-),!
Câu 25. !€%†)!$@&!12J!"K.!đún g.!Z,OK.!16!)-.!H-),!F™),!"#!G+1!12OK),!%\9!*8$!A.W1!$]6!,.63!1%36!H-),!
=^!
' A.'H-),!F™),!"#!HV!,.63!1%36!$]6!$R$!H-),!12m)!$t),!G+1!9%Ov),!12&':)!H-),C!!
! B.'H-),!F™),! gJ'!26! 4%.!$-! HV!,.63! 1%36!$]6! H-),!1/.! =#!H-),! 9%J)!g0! 12m)!$t),! G+1!9%Ov),!
12&':)!H-),C!!
! C.'H-),!F™),!"#!HV!$%ˆ),!$%L1!$]6!$R$!H-),!12m)!$t),!G+1!9%Ov),!12&':)!H-),C!!
! D.'H-),!F™),!"#!HV!,.63!1%36!$]6!$R$!H-),!12m)!$t),!G+1!9%Ov),!12&':)!H-),C!!
Câu 26. !œ-),!12&':)!12m)!G+1!H\.!F@'C!x!*;&!F@'!$[!*>)%!9%6!$]6!H-),!1/.!=#!$]6!H-),!9%J)!g0!$%m)%!
"W$%!)%6&!G+1!"O\),!AB),!A63!)%.m&!¡!!
' A.'c4£C!! B.' Dc4£C!! C.'Qc4!D–S£!C!' D. Dc4£C!
Q4T!),&'m)SC!!
Câu 27. !zR)%!G+1!1.j),!*#)!"m)!F@'!*#)!$-!$%.:&!F#.!ℓ7!12m)!F@'!*#)!$-!1%(!$-!)%I),!H-),!F™),!=/.!
AO/$!H-),!)#3!¡!!
' A.'e&'!)%L1!λY!ℓ.!! B.'e&'!)%L1!λY!cℓ.' C.'λY!2ℓ,!2ℓ/2,!2ℓ/3,…!' D.'λY!ℓ,!ℓ/2,!ℓ/3,…!!
Câu 28. !Œ+1!F@'!*#)!$%.:&!F#.!ℓ7!A.j1!1[$!*+!12&':)!H-),!),6),!1%u3!F@'!*#)!AB),!=C!X;)!H[!$]6!@G!$v!
AJ)!F3!F@'!*#)!9%R1!26!AB),!!
' A.'=dℓC' B.'=dcℓ.' C.'c=dℓ.!! D.'=d•ℓC!!
Câu 29. Œ+1!H\.!F@'!*#)!%ˆ.!$-!$%.:&!F#.!ℓ7!%6.!*;&!$[!*>)%C!œ-),!F™),!12m)!F@'!$-!AO/$!H-),!12m)!F@'!
$-!AO/$!H-),!F#.!)%L1!"#!!
' A.'cℓC' B.'ℓd•C' C.'ℓ.!! D.'ℓdcC!!
Câu 30. !€%3!G+1!H\.!F@'!*#)!%ˆ.!$-!G+1!*;&!$[!*>)%!=#!G+1!*;&!1V!F3C!Zj&!"L'!G!Y!–7Ž7Ÿ7CCCz(!12m)!F@'!
$-!H-),!F™),!1%^!$%.:&!F#.!H\.!F@'!9%J.!1%3J!Gž)!*.:&!4.W)!!
! A.!lY!GλC' B.'l!Y!G
!
C!! C.'l!Y!QcG!D–S C!! D.'l!Y!G C!!
Câu 31. !€%†)!$@&!12J!"K.!đún g.!Z,OK.!16!)-.!H-),!F™),!"#!G+1!12OK),!%\9!*8$!A.W1!$]6!,.63!1%36!H-),!
=^!
' A.'H-),!F™),!"#!HV!,.63!1%36!$]6!$R$!H-),!12m)!$t),!G+1!9%Ov),!12&':)!H-),C!!
l2
v
l4
v
l
v2
l
v
nl
v
l
nv
nv2
l
nv
l
2
3p
2
p
2
l
2
l
4
l
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
33
! B.'H-),!F™),! gJ'!26! 4%.!$-! HV!,.63! 1%36!$]6! H-),!1/.! =#!H-),! 9%J)!g0! 12m)!$t),! G+1!9%Ov),!
12&':)!H-),C!!
! C.'H-),!F™),!"#!HV!$%ˆ),!$%L1!$]6!$R$!H-),!12m)!$t),!G+1!9%Ov),!12&':)!H-),C!!
! D.'H-),!F™),!"#!HV!,.63!1%36!$]6!$R$!H-),!12m)!$t),!G+1!9%Ov),!12&':)!H-),C!!
Câu 32. !p%.!$-!%.W)!1O\),!,.63!1%36!H-),!$v!12m)!A:!G81!$%L1!"¢),!1%^!4j1!"&M)!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!không'
đúng?'
' A.'a6.!*.(G!F63!*+),!$V$!*0.!=#!$V$!1.(&!,;)!)%L1!$R$%!)%6&!λd•C!!
! B.'p%.!%6.!),&ˆ)!F63!*+),!$t),!9%67!H[!*.(G!F63!*+),!$V$!*0.!=#!$V$!1.(&!12m)!*30)!œ
1
œ
2!
%v)!
4‡G!)%6&!G+1!*v)!=>!!
! C.'p%.!%6.!),&ˆ)!F63!*+),!*ˆ),!9%67!H[!*.(G!F63!*+),!$V$!*0.!12m)!4%3J),!œ
1
œ
2!
"#!H5!),&'m)!"ÂC!!
' D.'a6.!),&ˆ)!9%R1!H-),!9%J.!F63!*+),!$t),!1;)!H[!=#!$-!*+!"W$%!9%6!4%5),!*w.!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)C!!
!!
BẢNG'TRA'ĐÁP'ÁN'CHỦ'ĐỀ'2'–'CHƯƠNG'II'
–€!!
ch!!
Ž€!!
•€!!
Ÿl!!
¥l!!
®l!!
•€!!
¤h!!
–ne!!
––l!!
–cl!!
–Že!!
–•e!!
–Ÿl!!
!
–¥€!!
–®€!!
–•e!!
–¤l!!
cnh!!
c–e!!
cce!!
cŽl!!
c•h!!
cŸl!!
c¥€!!
c®€!!
c•e!!
c¤h!!
Žnl!!
Ž–!h!!
!!
'' CHỦ'ĐỀ'3:'SÓNG'ÂM''
'A.'LÝ'THUYẾT':''
1.'Âm,'nguồn'âm.''
a)#Sóng#âm:!"#!H-),!$v!12&':)!123),!$R$!G5.!12OK),!4%?7!"¢),7!2U)!QÅG!không!12&':)!*O\$!123),!
$%@)!4%5),Ss!X23),!$%L1!khí#và#chất#lỏng,#sóng#âm#là#sóng#dọci!123),!chất'rắn,'sóng'âm'gồm'cả'
sóng'ngang'và'sóng'dọc.''
b)#Âm#nghe#được' $-!1;)!H[!1™!16Hz!đến!20000Hz!mà!tai!con!người! cảm!nhận!được.#Âm!này!gọi!là!âm!
thanh.!!
! ▪!Siêu'âmT!"#!H-),!@G!$-!1;)!H[!„!cn!nnnab!!
! ▪!Hạ'âm:!"#!H-),!@G!$-!1;)!H[!ƒ!–¥ab!!
c)#Tốc#độ#truyền#âm:''
! s!X23),!G•.!G5.!12OK),!)%L1!*>)%7!1[$!*+!12&':)!@G!không!đổiC!!
! s!X[$!*+!12&':)!@G!phụ!thuộc!=#3!tính'đàn'hồi,'mật'độ!$]6!G5.!12OK),!=#!)%.W1!*+!$]6!G5.!
12OK),!=#!4%[.!"O\),!2.m),!$]6!G5.!12OK),!*-C!p%.!)%.W1!*+!1š),!1%^!1[$!*+!12&':)!@G!$P),!1š),C!X[$!
*+!12&':)!@G!,.JG!123),!$R$!G5.!12OK),!1%u3!1%˜!1V!T!2U)7!"¢),7!4%?!%6'!=
rắn!
„!=
lỏng
!„!=
khí
C!!
! s!l5),7!)%&),7!g[9À!*+!*#)!%ˆ.!4‡G!)m)!),OK.!16!Ft),!"#G!=M1!".W&!$R$%!@GC!!
2.'Các'đặc'trưng'vật'lý'của'âm. (tần!số! f, !cường!độ!âm!I!(hoặc!mức!cường!độ!âm!L),!năng!lượng!và!đồ!
thị!dao!động!của!âm.)!!
a)'Tần'số'của'âm.!E#!*8$!12O),!=M1!"´!<&6)!12†),C!p%.!@G!12&':)!1™!G5.!12OK),!)#'!H6),!G5.!12OK),!
4%R$!1%^!tần#số#không#đổi7!1[$!*5!12&':)!@G!1%6'!*w.7!AO/$!H-),!$]6!H-),!@G!1%6'!*w.C!!
b)#Cường#độ#âm:!Cường!độ!âm!I!tại!một!điểm!là!đại!lượng!đo!bằng!năng!lượng!mà!sóng!âm!tải!qua!
một!đơn!vị!diện!tích!đặt!tại!điểm!đó,!vuông!góc!với! phương!truyền!sóng!trong!một!đơn!vị!thời!gian;!đơn!
vị!W/m
2
.!!
! -!Y! !!!_/.! QÆS7!o!Q S!"#!)š),!"O\),7!$5),!H&L1!9%R1!@G!$]6!),&ˆ)!!
! œ!QG
2
S!"#!F.W)!1?$%!G81!=&5),!,-$!=/.!9%Ov),!12&':)!@G!Qvới!sóng!cầu!thì!S!là!diện!tích!mặt!cầu!
S=4πR
2
S!!
! p%.!*-T!-!Y! !=/.!§!"#!4%3J),!$R$%!1™!),&ˆ)!k!*j)!*.(G!*6),!g‡1!!
S
P
2
R4
P
p
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
34
! !Mức!cường!độ!âm:!z0.!"O\),!EQFlSY–n"3, !%38$!EQlS!Y!"3, !=/.!-
0
!"#!$OK),!*+!@G!$%&¼)!
Q1%OK),!"L'!$%&¼)!$OK),!*+!@G!-
0
!Y!–n
-12
dG
2
!=/.!@G!$-!1;)!H[!–nnnabS!,†.!"#!G˜$!$OK),!*+!@G!
$]6!@G!$-!$OK),!*+!-C!!
! "!zv)!=>!$]6!G˜$!$OK),!*+!@G!"#!Au)!QlSC!X23),!1%V$!1j!),OK.!16!1%OK),!Ft),!O/$!H[!$]6!Au)!"#!
đêxiben'(dB)T!–l!Y!–nFlC!
v CHÚ#Ý:!"3,Q–n
x
S
!
Y!gi!6!Y"3,g!ÞgY–n
a
i!"3,Q S!Y!",6s",A!
§ Zj&!g‡1!c!*.(G!h!=#!l!";)!"O\1!$R$%!),&ˆ)!@G!k!";)!"O\1!)%I),!*30)!R
A
;!R
!B
C!€3.!)%O!$5),!H&L1!
),&ˆ)!4%5),!*w.!123),!<&R!12^)%!12&':)!H-),C!X6!"&5)!$-T!!
!
!!!=#!!
!
!
c)'Đồ#thị#dao#động#âm:!"#!*ˆ!1%>!$]6!1L1!$J!$R$!%†6!@G!123),!G+1!)%0$!@G!,†.!"#!*ˆ!1%>!F63!*+),!@GC!!
'CHÚ#Ý:#'
! s!Nhạc!âm!là!những!âm!có!tần!số!xác!định!và!đồ!thị!dao!động!là!đường!cong!gần!giống!hình!sin!
! -!Tạp!âm!là!những!âm!có!tần!số!không!xác!định!và!đồ!thị!dao!động!là!những!đường!cong!phức!tạp.!!
3.'Các'đặc'trưng'sinh'lí'của'âm.'(có'3'đặc'trưng'sinh'lí'là!độ!cao,!độ!to!và!âm!sắc!S!!
a)!z+!$63!$]6!@G!9%…!1%&+$!%6'!,U)!".:)!=/.!tần!số!$]6!@GC!!
! s!z+!$63!$]6!@G!1š),!1%u3!1;)!H[!@GC!ÅG!$-!tần!số!lớnT!@G!),%u!cao(thanh,#bổng)7!@G!$-!tần#số#
nhỏ:!@G!),%u!thấp(trầm)'!
! s!a6.!@G!$-!$t),!1;)!H[!1%^!$-!$t),!*+!$63!=#!),O\$!"0.!!
' -'Đối#với#dây#đàn:''
!! !D!z(!@G!9%R1!26!),%u!$63Q1%6)%ST!9%J.!1š),!1;)!H[! "#G!$š),!F@'!*#)!!
!! !D!z(!@G!9%R1!26!),%u!1%L9Q12;GST!9%J.!,.JG!1;)!H[! !"#G!12t),!F@'!*#)!!
! s!X%OK),T!)I!9%R1!26!@G!$637!)6G!9%R1!26!@G!12;GQ$%†)!)I!"#G!9%R1!1%6)%!=.m)S!!
! s!X23),!@G!)%0$T!$R$!)[1!)%0$!gj9!1%u3!1%˜!1V!1#)!H[!`!1š),!F;)!Q@G!$63!F;)ST!*ˆ7!2m7!G.7!9%67!H3)7!
"67!H.C!!
b)#Độ'to!$]6!@G!"#!*8$!12O),!,U)!".:)!=/.!mức!cường!độ!âm.!!
! s!z+!13!1š),!1%u3!G˜$!$OK),!*+!@GC!Œ˜$!$OK),!*+!@G!$#),!"/)7!$%3!16!$JG!,.R$!),%u!1%L'!@G!
$#),!13C!X&'!)%.m)!*+!13!$]6!@G!4%5),!1•!"W!1%&M)!=/.!G˜$!$OK),!*+!@GC!!
s!€JG!,.R$!),%u!@G!º13Ç!%6'!º)%¢Ç!4%5),!)%I),!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!$OK),!*+!@G!G#!$f)!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!
1;)!H[!$]6!@GQG˜$!$OK),!*+!@GSC!_/.!$t),!G+1!$OK),!*+!@G7!16.!),%u!*O\$!@G!$-!1;)!H[!$63!º13Ç!
%v)!@G!$-!1;)!H[!1%L9C!!
c)#Âm'sắc'%6'!$f)!%†.!"#!HU$!1%R.!$]6!@G!1%6)%!)-!,U)!".:)!=/.!đồ!thị!dao!động!âm!(tần!số!và!biên!độ!
dao!động),!)-!,.›9!16!9%@)!A.W1!*O\$!$R$!@G!9%R1!26!1™!$R$!),&ˆ)!@G7!)%0$!$…!4%R$!)%6&C!ÅG!HU$!9%…!
1%&+$!=#3!tần!số!và!biên!độ!$]6!$R$!%†6!@GC!!
'VD:!eV6!=#3!@G!HU$!*(!16!9%@)!A.W1!*O\$!$t),!G+1!*30)!)%0$!F3!%6.!$6!H—!œv)!Xt),!=#!-HH6$!1%V$!
%.W)!C!!!
!z8$!12O),!H.)%!"?!!
!!z8$!12O),!=M1!"?!!
!!z+!$63!!
!!!!!!!!!f!!
!!!ÅG!HU$!!
!!!!!!!A!f7! !!
!!!z+!13!!
!!!!!!!L,!f!!!
4.'Tần#số#do#đàn#phát#ra!Q%6.!*;&!F@'!$[!*>)%!Þ!%6.!*;&!"#!)›1!H-),S!!
0
I
I
0
I
I
b
a
®
®
®
!
Þ!
!
!
2
A
B
B
A
R
R
I
I
÷
÷
ø
ö
ç
ç
è
æ
=
2
A
B
B
A
BA
R
R
log10
I
I
log10LL
÷
÷
ø
ö
ç
ç
è
æ
==-
÷
÷
ø
ö
ç
ç
è
æ
==
10
L
0
L
0M
)dB(
)B(
10.I10.II
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
35
!
§ µ),!=/.!4!Y!–!Þ!@G!9%R1!26!@G!$v!AJ)!$-!1;)!H[!f
1!
Y !
§ 4!Y!c7Ž7•À!$-!$R$!%30!@G!AM$!c!Q1;)!H[!c`
1
S7!AM$!Ž!Q1;)!H[!Ž`
1
SÀ!!
5.'Tần#số#do#ống#sáo#phát#ra!QG+1!*;&!A>1!4?)7!G+1!*;&!*(!%N!Þ!G+1!*;&!"#!)›1!H-),7!G+1!*;&!"#!
A…),!H-),S!!
!!!=/.!GYc4D–Y–iŽiŸÀÀ!!
!
!
§ µ),!=/.!4!Y!n!m!=!–!Þ!@G!9%R1!26!@G!$v!AJ)!$-!1;)!H[!f
1!
Y! !
§ 4!Y!–7c7ŽÀ!%6'!G!Y!Ži!Ÿi!®ÀC16!$-!$R$!%30!@G!AM$!Ž!Q1;)!H[!Ž`
1
S7!AM$!Ÿ!Q1;)!H[!Ÿ`
1
SÀ!!
B.'TRẮC'NGHIỆM:''
Câu 1. z(!1š),!*+!$63!$]6!@G!1%6)%!F3!G+1!F@'!*#)!9%R1!26!16!9%J.T!!
!! A.!p‡3!$š),!F@'!*#)!%v)C!' B.'E#G!12t),!F@'!*#)!%v)C!!
' C.'•J'!*#)!G0)%!%v)C!! ' D.'•J'!*#)!)%²!%v)C!!
Câu 2. !a6.!@G!1%6)%!$-!@G!HU$!4%R$!)%6&!"#!F3T!!
!! A.!p%R$!)%6&!=:!1;)!H[C!!
' B.'z+!$63!=#!*+!13!4%R$!)%6&C!!
!! C.'X;)!H[7!A.m)!*+!$]6!$R$!%30!@G!4%R$!)%6&C!
!! D.'€-!H[!"O\),!=#!$OK),!*+!$]6!$R$!%30!@G!È!)%6&C!!
Câu 3. !ÅG!1%6)%!F3!%6.!)%0$!$…!9%R1!26!"&5)!4%R$!)%6&!=:T!!
!! A.'z+!$63C!! B.'z+!13C!! C.'ÅG!HU$C!' D.'€J!A6!'j&!1[!12m)C!!
Câu 4. !ÅG!1%6)%!F3!),OK.!%6'!G+1!)%0$!$…!9%R1!26!$-!*ˆ!1%>!*O\$!A.(&!F.”)!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)!$-!F0),T!!
!! A.!zOK),!%^)%!H.)C!! ! B.'l.j)!1%.m)!1&;)!%3#)C!!
! C.'zOK),!%'9u2A3"C!! ! D.'zOK),!1%}),C!!
Câu 5. œV!9%@)!A.W1!@G!1%6)%!=/.!%0!@G!=#!H.m&!@G!FV6!12m)!!
!! A.'AJ)!$%L1!=M1!"?!$]6!$%›),!4%R$!)%6&C!! B.'AO/$!H-),!=#!A.m)!*+!F63!*+),!$]6!$%›),!!
!! C.'4%J!)š),!$JG!1%…!H-),!$v!$]6!16.!),OK.C!! D.'G+1!"?!F3!4%R$C'!
Câu 6. !€%†)!9%R1!A.(&!*›),C!_M)!1[$!12&':)!@GT!!
!! A.!€-!,.R!12>!$V$!*0.!4%.!12&':)!123),!$%@)!4%5),!=#!AB),!ŽC–n
8!
GdHC!!
B.'Xš),!4%.!GM1!*+!=M1!$%L1!$]6!G5.!12OK),!,.JGC!! !
' C.'Xš),!4%.!*+!*#)!%ˆ.!$]6!G5.!12OK),!$#),!"/)C!! !
' D.'•.JG!4%.!)%.W1!*+!$]6!G5.!12OK),!1š),C!!
Câu 7. !€%†)!9%R1!A.(&!*›),C!ÅG!1%6)%T!!
!! A.'€%•!12&':)!123),!$%L1!4%?C!! !
! B.'X2&':)!*O\$!123),!$%L1!2U)!=#!$%L1!"¢),!=#!$%L1!4%?C!!
! C.'X2&':)!*O\$!123),!$%L1!2U)7!$%L1!"¢),7!$%L1!4%?!=#!$J!$%@)!4%5),C!!
! D.'p%5),!12&':)!*O\$!123),!$%L1!2U)C!!
Câu 8. !ÅG!),%u!*O\$!"#!H-),!$v!%†$!$-!1;)!H[!4%3J),T!!
!! A.'–¥ab!*j)!cnpab!! B.'–¥ab!*j)!cnŒab!! C.'–¥ab!*j)!cnnpab!! D.'–¥ab!*j)!cpab!!
Câu 9. !œ.m&!@G!"#!@G!1%6)%T!!
! A.!1;)!H[!"/)!%v)!1;)!H[!@G!1%6)%!1%5),!1%OK),C!!
' B.'$OK),!*+!2L1!"/)!$-!1%(!,@'!*.j$!=—)%!=.”)C!!
*)Nk(
l2
v
kf Î=
l2
v
( )
l4
v
m
l4
v
1k2f =+=
l4
v
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
36
!! C.'1;)!H[!12m)!cnCnnnab!! !
!' D.'12&':)!123),!G†.!G5.!12OK),!)%6)%!%v)!@G!1%6)%!1%5),!1%OK),C!!
Câu 10. !EO\),!)š),!"O\),!*O\$!H-),!@G!12&':)!123),!G+1!*v)!=>!1%K.!,.6)!<&6!G+1!*v)!=>!F.W)!1?$%!
*81!=&5),!,-$!=/.!9%Ov),!12&':)!@G!,†.!"#T!!
!! A.'€OK),!*+!@GC!! B.'z+!13!$]6!@GC!! C.'Œ˜$!$OK),!*+!@GC!! D.'Zš),!"O\),!@GC!!
Câu 11. !a6.!@G!$-!$t),!*+!$63!"#!%6.!@G!$-T!!
!! A.'€t),!1;)!H[C!! B.'€t),!A.m)!*+C!! C.'€t),!AO/$!H-),C!! D.'€J!h!=#!lC'!
Câu 12. !!ÅG!HU$!"#!*8$!12O),!H.)%!"?!$]6!@G!$%3!16!9%@)!A.W1!*O\$!%6.!@G!!
!! A.'$-!$t),!A.m)!*+!9%R1!26!F3!$t),!G+1!"30.!)%0$!$…C!!
' B.'$-!$t),!$OK),!*+!@G!F3!%6.!"30.!)%0$!$…!4%R$!)%6&!9%R1!26C!!
' C.'$-!$t),!1;)!H[!9%R1!26!F3!$t),!G+1!"30.!)%0$!$…C!!
' D.'$-!$t),!1;)!H[!F3!%6.!"30.!)%0$!$…!4%R$!)%6&!9%R1!26!!
Câu 13. !!z.:&!)#3!H6&!*@'!H6.!4%.!)-.!=:!H-),!@G!¡!!
! A.'X[$!*+!12&':)!@G!,.JG!F;)!<&6!$R$!G5.!12OK),!2U)7!"¢),!=#!4%?C!!
! B.'œ-),!@G!"#!H-),!$-!1;)!H[!4%5),!*w.!4%.!12&':)!1™!$%L1!4%?!H6),!$%L1!"¢),C!!
! C.'H-),!@G!4%5),!12&':)!*O\$!123),!$%@)!4%5),C!!
! D.'œ-),!@G!"#!H-),!$-!1;)!H[!1™!–¥ab!*j)!cnnnn%bC!!
Câu 14. !!p%.!%6.!)%0$!H—!$t),!*R)%!G+1!AJ)!)%0$!N!$t),!G+1!*+!$63!)%O),!%6.!)%0$!$…!4%R$!)%6&!"#!
*#)!o.6)3!=#!*#)!k2,6)7!16!9%@)!A.W1!*O\$!12OK),!%\9!)#3!"#!*#)!o.6)3!=#!12OK),!%\9!)#3!"#!*#)!
k2,6)!"#!F3T!!
!! A.!X;)!H[!=#!A.m)!*+!@G!4%R$!)%6&C!! B.'X;)!H[!=#!)š),!"O\),!@G!4%R$!)%6&C!!
' C.'l.m)!*+!=#!$OK),!*+!@G!4%R$!)%6&C!' D.'X;)!H[!=#!$OK),!*+!@G!4%R$!)%6&C!!
Câu 15. !!z+!13!"#!G+1!*8$!1?)%!H.)%!"?!$]6!@G!9%…!1%&+$!=#3T!!
!! A.'_M)!1[$!@GC!! !! B.'lO/$!H-),!=#!)š),!"O\),!@GC!!
!! C.'X;)!H[!=#!G˜$!$OK),!*+!@GC!! D.'_M)!1[$!=#!AO/$!H-),C!!
Câu 16. !!ÅG!HU$!"#T!!
!! A.'Œ#&!HU$!$]6!@G!1%6)%C!!
' B.'Œ+1!1?)%!$%L1!$]6!@G!,.›9!16!9%@)!A.W1!$R$!),&ˆ)!@GC!!
!! C.'Œ+1!1?)%!$%L1!H.)%!"?!$]6!@GC!!
' D.'Œ+1!1?)%!$%L1!=M1!"?!$]6!@GC!!
Câu 17. !!z+!$63!$]6!@G!"#!*8$!1?)%!H.)%!"?!$]6!@G!9%…!1%&+$!=#3T!!
!! A.'_M)!1[$!12&':)!@GC!! B.'l.m)!*+!@GC!! C.'X;)!H[!@GC!! D.'Zš),!"O\),!@GC!!
Câu 18. !!€R$!*8$!1?)%!H.)%!"?!$]6!@G!,ˆGT!!
!! A.'z+!$637!@G!HU$7!)š),!"O\),C!! B.'z+!$637!@G!HU$7!$OK),!*+C!!
!! C.'z+!$637!@G!HU$7!A.m)!*+C!' D.'z+!$637!@G!HU$7!*+!13C!!
Câu 19. !!œ-),!$v!%†$!"6)!12&':)!123),!4%5),!4%?!=/.!$OK),!*+!*]!"/)7!16.!16!$-!1%(!$JG!1%…!*O\$!H-),!
$v!%†$!)#3¡!!
!! A.'œ-),!$v!%†$!$-!1;)!H[!–nabC!! B.'œ-),!$v!%†$!$-!1;)!H[!Žn4abC!!
!! C.'œ-),!$v!%†$!$-!$%&!4‘!c7nÉHC!! D.'œ-),!$v!%†$!$-!$%&!4‘!c7nGHC!!
Câu 20. !!_M)!1[$!@G!123),!G5.!12OK),!)#3!"#!"/)!)%L1¡!!
!! A.'Œ5.!12OK),!4%5),!4%?!"3ž),C!! B.'Œ5.!12OK),!4%5),!4%?C!!
!! C.'Œ5.!12OK),!)O/$!),&'m)!$%L1!! D.'Œ5.!12OK),!$%L1!2U)C!!
Câu 21. !x!$R$!209!%R1!),OK.!16!1%OK),![9!1OK),!AB),!$R$!1LG!)%&),7!F0C!Z,OK.!16!"#G!)%O!=M'!*(!"#G!
,^!¡!!
!! A.'z(!@G!*O\$!13C!!
' B.'Z%&),7!F0!9%J)!g0!12&),!1%V$!@G!*.!*j)!)m)!Ft),!*(!9%J)!g0!*j)!16.!),OK.!*O\$!12&),!1%V$C!!
!! C.'z(!@G!9%J)!g0!1%&!*O\$!"#!)%I),!@G!mG!16.C!!
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
37
' D.'z(!,.JG!9%J)!g0!@G!=#!$R$%!@GC!!
Câu 22. !!o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!*›),¡!!
! A.!ÅG!$-!$OK),!*+!"/)!1%^!16.!16!$-!$JG!,.R$!@G!*-!º!13Ç!C!
' B.'ÅG!$-!$OK),!*+!)%¢!1%^!16.!16!$-!$JG!,.R$!@G!*-!º!A‡Ç!C!!
! C.'ÅG!$-!1;)!H[!"/)!1%^!16.!16!$-!$JG!,.R$!@G!*-!º!13Ç!C!!
! D.'ÅG!º!13Ç!%6'!º!)%¢Ç!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!G˜$!$OK),!*+!@G!=#!1;)!H[!@GC!!
Câu 23. !Œ+1!$%.j$!*#)!=#!–!$%.j$!4Ê)!$t),!9%R1!26!G+1!)[1!œkE!N!$t),!G+1!*+!$63C!X6.!16!=¹)!9%@)!
A.W1!*O\$!%6.!@G!*-!=^!$%›),!4%R$!)%6&!!
! A.!G˜$!$OK),!*+!@GC!! B.'@G!HU$C!! C.'1;)!H[C!! D.'$OK),!*+!@GC!!
Câu 24. !!€%†)!9%R1!A.(&!4%5),!*›),!4%.!)-.!=:!H-),!@G!!
! A.'_M)!1[$!12&':)!@G!9%…!1%&+$!1?)%!*#)!%ˆ.!=#!4%[.!"O\),!2.m),!$]6!G5.!12OK),C!!
' B.'œ-),!@G! 12&':)!1/.!*.(G! )#3!123),! pp!1%^!9%;)! 1Š!4%5),! 4%?!10.! *-! H“!F63! *+),!1%u3! 9%Ov),!
=&5),!,-$!=/.!9%Ov),!12&':)!H-),C!!
! C.'œ-),!@G!),%u!*O\$!$-!1;)!H[!)BG!123),!4%3J),!1™!–¥!ab!*j)!cnnnn!abC!!
! D.'œ-),!@G!"#!HV!"6)!12&':)!$R$!F63!*+),!$v!123),!G5.!12OK),!4%.7!"¢),7!2U)C!!
Câu 25. !!p%.!)-.!=:!H-),!@G7!*.:&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!œ6.¡!!
! A.!z+!13!$]6!@G!1•!"W!1%&M)!=/.!$OK),!*+!@GC!! !
' B.'X23),!$%L1!2U)7!H-),!@G!$-!1%(!"#!H-),!),6),!%38$!H-),!F†$C!!
' C.'p%.!G+1!)%0$!$…!9%R1!26!@G!$v!AJ)!$-!1;)!H[!`
0
7!1%^!H“!*ˆ),!1%K.!9%R1!26!$R$!%†6!@G!$-!1;)!H[!
c`
0
i!Ž`
0
i!•`
0
ÀC!!
' D.'€-!1%(!$%&'()!F63!*+),!@G!1%#)%!F63!*+),!*.W)!=#!Ft),!F63!*+),!4?!*.W)!1Š!*(!4%J3!HR1!F63!
*+),!@GC!!
Câu 26. !€JG!,.R$!=:!@G!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!!
! A.!Z,&ˆ)!=#!G5.!12OK),QŒXS!12&':)!@G!! B.'Z,&ˆ)!@G!=#!16.!),OK.!),%u!!
! C.'ŒX!12&':)!@G!=#!16.!),OK.!),%u!! D.'X%;)!4.)%!1%?)%!,.R$!=#!16.!),OK.!),%u!!
Câu 27. !!ÅG!F3!G+1!$%.j$!*#)!A;&!9%R1!26!
' A.'€-!*+!$63!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!%^)%!F0),!=#!4?$%!1%O/$!%+9!$+),!%ON),C!!
! B.'Z,%u!$#),!12;G!4%.!A.m)!*†!@G!$#),!)%¢!=#!1;)!H[!@G!$#),!"/)C!!
! C.'€-!@G!HU$!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!F0),!*ˆ!1%>!F63!*+),!$]6!@GC!!
! D.'Z,%u!$#),!$63!4%.!G˜$!$OK),!*+!@G!$#),!"/)C!!
Câu 28. !!Œ+1!),OK.!),%u!1%L'!@G!F3!G+1!)%0$!$…!9%R1!26!$-!1;)!H[!`!=#!10.!=>!12?!$-!$OK),!*+!@G!"#!-C!
Zj&!1;)!H[!`
’
Y–n`!=#!G˜$!$OK),!*+!@G!-
’
Y–n-!1%^!),OK.!*-!),%u!1%L'!@G!$-T!!
! A.'*+!13!1š),!–n!";)!! ! B.'*+!$63!1š),!–n!";)!!
' C.'*+!13!1š),!1%mG!–nFl! D.'*+!$63!1š),!"m)!!
Câu 29. !!Œ+1!)6G!$%@G!*.W)!Ft),!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!$-!$%&!4^!•nÉs!CZ6G!$%@G!1R$!F…),!"m)!–!"R!
1%‡9!G¢),!"#G!$%3!)-!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!=#!103!26!H-),!@GC!œ-),!@G!F3!)-!9%R1!26!12&':)!123),!
4%5),!4%?!"#T!!
! A.!@G!G#!16!),OK.!),%u!*O\$!' B.'%0!@G!!
!' C.'H.m&!@G!! ' D.'H-),!),6),!
Câu 30. !!p%.!)-.!=:!H-),!@G7!9%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!H6.¡!!
! A.'x!$t),!G+1!)%.W1!*+7!1[$!*+!12&':)!H-),!@G!123),!4%5),!4%?!)%¢!%v)!1[$!*+!12&':)!H-),!@G!
123),!)O/$C!!
' B.'œ-),!@G!12&':)!*O\$!123),!$R$!G5.!12OK),!2U)7!"¢),!=#!4%?C!!
! C.'œ-),!@G!123),!4%5),!4%?!"#!H-),!F†$C!! !
' D.'œ-),!@G!123),!4%5),!4%?!"#!H-),!),6),!!
Câu 31. !!zv)!=>!*3!$OK),!*+!@G!"#!!
! A.'kR1!12m)!G‡1!Q dGSC!! B.'lu)!QlSC!!
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
38
' C.'Z.&1v)!12m)!G‡1!=&5),!QZdG
2
!SC!! D.'kR1!12m)!G‡1!=&5),!Q dG
2
!S!!
Câu 32. !X0.!G+1!=>!12?!123),!G5.!12OK),!12&':)!@G7!G+1!H-),!@G!$-!$OK),!*+!@G!-C!l.j1!$OK),!*+!@G!
$%&¼)!"#!-
0
C!Œ˜$!$OK),!*+!@G!E!$]6!H-),!@G!)#'!10.!=>!12?!*-!*O\$!1?)%!AB),!$5),!1%˜$!!
! A.' C!! B.' ' C.' ' D.' !
Câu 33. !!Œ+1!@G!$-!1;)!H[!gR$!*>)%!";)!"O\1!12&':)!123),!)%5G7!)O/$7!4%5),!4%?!=/.!1[$!*+!1Ov),!˜),!
"#!=
1
7!=
2
7!=
3
C!Z%M)!*>)%!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!*›),!!
! A.!=
2
!„!=
1
!„!=
3
!! B.'=
1
!„!=
2
!„!=
3
!! C.'=
3
!„!=
2
!„!=
1
!! D.'=
2
!„!=
3
!„!=
2
!!
Câu 34. !!ÅG!$v!AJ)!=#!%30!@G!AM$!c!F3!$t),!G+1!F@'!*#)!9%R1!26!$-!G[.!".m)!%W!=/.!)%6&!)%O!1%j!
)#3¡!!
! A.''a†6!@G!$-!$OK),!*+!"/)!%v)!$™),!*+!@G!$v!AJ)C!
' B.''X;)!H[!%†6!@G!AM$!c!"/)!,L9!*5.!1;)!H[!@G!$v!AJ)C!
' C.''X;)!H[!@G!$v!AJ)!"/)!,L9!*5.!1;)!H[!%†6!@G!AM$!c!
' D.'X[$!*+!@G!$v!AJ)!"/)!,L9!*5.!1[$!*+!%†6!@G!AM$!cC!
Câu 35. !a+9!$+),!%ON),!$-!1R$!F…),!,^¡!
! A.'E#G!1š),!1;)!H[!$]6!@GC' B.'E#G!,.JG!A/1!$OK),!*+!@GC'
' C.'E#G!1š),!G˜$!$OK),!*+!$]6!@GC' D.'E#G!,.JG!*+!$63!$]6!@GC''''''
Câu 36. !€%†)!*R9!R)!sai?!
! A.'z[.!=/.!F@'!*#)!%6.!*;&!$[!*>)%!1;)!H[!%†6!@G!AB),!H[!),&'m)!";)!1;)!H[!@G!$v!AJ)!!
! B.'z[.!=/.!F@'!*#)!4%.!gJ'!26!H-),!F™),!1%^!$%.:&!F#.!$]6!*#)!AB),!G+1!H[!),&'m)!";)!)Š6!AO/$!
H-),C!!
! C.'z[.!=/.![),!HR3!G51!*;&!4?)!=#!G+1!*;&!%N!1;)!H[!%†6!@G!AB),!H[!),&'m)!";)!1;)!H[!@G!$v!AJ)C!!
! D.'z[.!=/.![),!HR3!G51!*;&!4?)!=#!G+1!*;&!%N!H“!gJ'!26!H-),!F™),!123),![),!)j&!$%.:&!F#.![),!
AB),!H[!AR)!),&'m)!";)!G+1!9%;)!1O!AO/$!H-),C!!
Câu 37. !€%†)!$@&!12J!"K.!H6.!!
' A.''œ-),!@G!"#!)%I),!H-),!$v!%†$!F†$!"6)!12&':)!123),!G5.!12OK),!=M1!$%L1C!!
! B.''œ-),!@G7!H-),!H.m&!@G7!H-),!%0!@G!=:!9%Ov),!F.W)!=M1!"?!$-!$t),!AJ)!$%L1C!!
! C.''œ-),!@G!12&':)!*O\$!123),!G†.!G5.!12OK),!=M1!$%L1!*#)!%ˆ.!4(!$J!$%@)!4%5),C!!
! D.''_M)!1[$!12&':)!@G!123),!$%L1!2U)!1%OK),!"/)!%v)!123),!$%L1!"¢),!=#!123),!$%L1!4%?C!!
Câu 38. !!X23),!$R$!)%0$!$…!1%^!%+9!*#)!$-!1R$!F…),T!!
!! A.'E#G!1š),!*+!$63!=#!*+!13!@G!!
' B.'_™6!4%&j$%!*0.!@G7!=™6!103!@G!HU$!2.m),!$]6!@G!F3!*#)!9%R1!26!!
!! C.'•.I!$%3!@G!$-!1;)!H[!w)!*>)%!!
D.'X2R)%!*O\$!109!@G!=#!1.j),!ˆ)!"#G!$%3!1.j),!*#)!123),!12Â3!
Câu 39. !z.:&!)#3!H6&!*@'!*›),!4%.!)-.!=:!H-),!@G¡!!
!! A.'X09!@G!"#!@G!$-!1;)!H[!4%5),!gR$!*>)%C!! !
! B.'Z%I),!=M1!".W&!)%O!A5),7!)%&),7!g[9!12&':)!@G!1[1!!
!! C.'_M)!1[$!12&':)!@G!1š),!1%u3!1%˜!1V!G5.!12OK),T!2U)7!"¢),7!4%?C!!
' D.'Z%0$!@G!"#!@G!F3!$R$!)%0$!$…!9%R1!26!!
Câu 40. !X[$!*+!12&':)!@G!9%…!1%&+$!=#3T!!
!! A.'X;)!H[!@G!=#!4%[.!"O\),!2.m),!$]6!G5.!12OK),C!!
' B.'lJ)!$%L1!$]6!@G!=#!4%[.!"O\),!2.m),!$]6!G5.!12OK),C!!
!! C.'X?)%!*#)!%ˆ.!$]6!G5.!12OK),!=#!AJ)!$%L1!),&ˆ)!@GC!!
' D.'X?)%!*#)!%ˆ.!=#!4%[.!"O\),!2.m),!$]6!G5.!12OK),C!!
Câu 41. !!€%†)!$@&!đúngC!z8$!12O),!=M1!"´!$]6!@G!A63!,ˆGT!!
! A.'X;)!H[7!$OK),!*+!@G7!G˜$!$OK),!*+!@G!=#!*ˆ!1%>!F63!*+),!$]6!@G!!
0
I
I
lg10)B(L =
0
I
I
lg)B(L =
I
I
lg10)B(L
0
=
0
I
I
lg10)B(L =
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
39
! B.'X;)!H[7!$OK),!*+7!G˜$!$OK),!*+!@G!=#!A.m)!*+!F63!*+),!$]6!@G!!
! C.'€OK),!*+!@G7!G˜$!$OK),!*+!@G7!*ˆ!1%>!F63!*+),!=#!A.m)!*+!F63!*+),!$]6!@G!!
! D.'X;)!H[7!$OK),!*+!@G7!G˜$!$OK),!*+!@G7!*ˆ!1%>!F63!*+),!=#!A.m)!*+!F63!*+),!$]6!@G!
Câu 42. !!o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!đúng¡!!
! A.''€J!R)%!HR),!=#!H-),!@G!*:&!$-!1%(!12&':)!*O\$!123),!$%@)!4%5),C!!
! B.''€J!R)%!HR),!=#!H-),!@G!123),!4%5),!4%?!*:&!"#!H-),!),6),C!!
! C.''œ-),!@G!123),!4%5),!4%?!"#!H-),!F†$7!123),!4%.!H-),!R)%!HR),!"#!H-),!),6),C!' '
' D.'€J!R)%!HR),!=#!H-),!@G!123),!4%5),!4%?!*:&!"#!H-),!F†$C!!
!!
BẢNG'TRA'ĐÁP'ÁN'CHỦ'ĐỀ'4:'SÓNG'ÂM'
–h!!
c€!!
Ž€!!
•l!!
Ÿ€!!
¥€!!
®l!!
•h!!
¤€!!
–nh!!
––h!!
–ce!!
–Že!!
–•h!!
–Ÿ€!!
–¥l!!
–®€!!
–•e!!
–¤e!!
cne!!
c–e!!
cce!!
cŽl!!
c•l!!
cŸh!!
c¥l!!
c®€!!
c•e!!
c¤€!!
Žne!!
Ž–e!!
Žcl!!
ŽŽl!!
Ž•l!!
ŽŸ€!!
Ž¥€!!
Ž®€!!
Ž•l!!
Ž¤e!!
•ne!!
•–h!!
•c€!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
CHƯƠNG'III.'DÒNG'ĐIỆN'XOAY'CHIỀU''
CHỦ'ĐỀ'1:'ĐẠI'CƯƠNG'VỀ'DÒNG'ĐIỆN'XOAY'CHIỀU'+'CÁC'LOẠI'ĐOẠN'MẠCH'XOAY'CHIỀU''
!!
A.'LÝ'THUYẾT''
I.#ĐẠI'CƯƠNG'VỀ'DÒNG'ĐIỆN'XOAY'CHIỀU:''
v Cho!khung!dây!dẫn!phẳng!có!N!vòng!,diện!tích!S!quay!đều!với!vận!tốc!q,!
xung!quanh!trục!vuông!góc!với!với!các!đường!sức!từ!của!một!từ!trường!
đều!có!cảm!ứng!từ!B.'!
1.'Từ'thông'gởi'qua'khung'dây:''
Y!NBS$3HQq1!D¯S!Y QWbS!!
! !X™!1%5),!$V$!*0.!,N.!<&6!4%&),!F@'! !=/.!¯!YQ S!
2.'Suất'điện'động'xoay'chiều:#'
"!suất!điện!động!cảm!ứng!xuất!hiện!trong!khung!dây: !!
Đặt!E
0
!Y!ωZlœ!Y!ωC !"#!H&L1!*.W)!*+),!$V$!*0.!Ë! !!
'CHÚ#Ý:''
D!œ&L1!*.W)!*+),!$%MG!9%6!%v)!1™!1%5),!,-$!πdc!
D!Œ[.!".m)!%W!,.I6!H&L1!*.W)!*+),!=#!1™!1%5),T! !
D!$%&!4^!=#!1;)!H[!".m)!%W!AN.T!ω!Y! !Y!cπ`!Y!cπ)
0!!!
=/.!)
0!
Y!`!"#!H[!=f),!<&6'!123),!–!H!!
D!œ&L1!*.W)!*+),!F3!$R$!GR'!9%R1!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!103!26!$P),!$-!A.(&!1%˜$!1Ov),!1V!)%O!12m)C!!
3.'Điện'áp'xoay'chiều:''
' ▪'p%.!123),!4%&),!F@'!$-!H&L1!*.W)!*+),!1%^!c!*;&!4%&),!F@'!$-!*.W)!R9!g36'!$%.:&!$-!F0),T!'
Ì!Y!Ì
0
C$3HQω1Dφ
u
S!Q_SC!X23),!*-T! !
F
)tcos(
0
a+wF
Þ
NBS
0
=F
B;n
!
!
)V)(tcos(E'
t
e
00
j+w=F-=
D
DF
-=
0
F
2
0
p
-a=j
1
E
e
2
0
2
0
=
÷
÷
ø
ö
ç
ç
è
æ
F
F
+
÷
÷
ø
ö
ç
ç
è
æ
T
2p
ï
î
ï
í
ì
j ap_dien_cua_dau_ban_pha:)rad(
thoi_tuc_ap_dien:)V(u
dai_cuc_ap_dien:)V(U
u
0
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
40
! ▪!Zj&!4%&),!$%O6!)[.!=#3!1J.!1.m&!1%…!1%^!H&L1!*.W)!*+),!%.W&!F…),!AB),!*.W)!R9!%.W&!F…),!c!*;&!
*30)!G0$%!•!Y!ÌC!!
4.'Khái'niệm'về'dòng'điện'xoay'chiều:!E#!Ff),!*.W)!$-!$OK),!*+!A.j)!1%.m)!1&;)!%3#)!=/.!1%K.!,.6)!
1%u3!<&'!"&M1!$]6!%#G!H[!H.)!%6'!$3H.)7!=/.!F0),!1w),!<&R1T!!
I!=!I
0
.cos(ωt+φ
i
)!(A)!Trong!đó:!I
0
(A):!cường!độ!dòng!điện!cực!đại!
! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!i(A):!cường!độ!dòng!điện!tức!thời!
! ! ! ! !!!!!!φ
i
(rad):!pha!ban!đầu!của!cđdđ! !!
'CHÚ#Ý:''
6S!X2m)!*ˆ!1%>!)j&!.i&!*6),!1š),!1%^!‹ƒn7!)j&!.i&!*6),!,.JG!1%^!‹„n!!
AS!l.”&!F.”)!&!=#!.!AB),!,.ž)!*ˆ!=‡$!1v!<&6'T!!
! s!€%†)!12…$!9%6!kg!"#!12…$!Ff),!*.W)!!
! s!l.”)!F.”)!T!.! ! T!Q i! SYnC!
! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!&! Q S!Y!Q S!Y!φ!
! !! !! !!
$S!z+!"W$%!9%6!,.I6!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!=#!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!Φ
u/i
!Y!φ!Y!φ
u
!s!φ
i
!
!
!D!Zj&!‹„!n!à!&!H/G!9%6!%v)!.!%38$!),O\$!"0.!!
D!Zj&!‹ƒ!n!à!&!12”!9%6!%v)!.!%38$!),O\$!"0.!
D!Zj&!‹Y!n!à!&!$t),!9%6!=/.!.C!!
4.'Giá'trị'hiệu' dụ ng:!€OK),!*+!%.W&!F…),!$]6!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!"#!*0.!"O\),!$-!,.R!12>!$]6!$OK),!
*+!Ff),!*.W)!4%5),!*w.!H63!$%3!4%.!*.!<&6!$t),!G+1!*.W)!12N!§7!1%^!$5),!H&L1!1.m&!1%…!123),!§!AN.!
Ff),!*.W)!4%5),!*w.!L'!AB),!$5),!H&L1!12&),!A^)%!1.m&!1%…!123),!§!AN.!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!)-.!12m)C!!
! ! ! !! ! !
5.'Nhiệt'lượng'toả'ra'12m)!*.W)!12N!§!123),!1%K.!,.6)!1!)j&!$-!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!.Q1S!Y!-
0
$3HQq1!D!
‹
i
S!$%0'!<&6!"#!{!!
!
!
! "!! €5),!H&L1!13J!)%.W1!12m)!§!4%.!$-!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!$%0'!<&6!i!!
!€aÍ!ÎT!!
D!Œ•.!,.@'!Ff),!*.W)!*w.!$%.:&!cf!";)C!Z%O),!)j&!φ
i
!=!n!%38$!φ
i!
=!π!1%^!123),!,.@'!*;&!1.m)!)-!!
$%•!*w.!$%.:&!cf!-!–!";)!!
D!Zj&!$&+)!F@'!4?)!$-!*.W)!12N!§!Þ!$-!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!T!!
.!Y! $3Hq1!Y!-
0
!$3Hq1!=/.!•
0
!Y!ω!Zlœi!-
0
!Y! !
II.#CÁC#LỌAI#ĐOẠN#MẠCH#XOAY#CHIỀU:#'
1.'Đoạn#mạch#chỉ#có#điện#trở#thuần#R:''
a)#Quan#hệ#giữa#u#và#i:!•.J!HŠ!*81!=#3!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%!G+1!
*.W)! R9! g36'! $%.:&! $-! A.(&! 1%˜$T! u! =! u
R
!Y! Ì
0R
$3HQω1DφS! Q_S! 1%^!
123),! G0$%! g&L1! %.W)! Ff),! *.W)! $-! $OK),! *+! "#! .C! ’‡1! 123),!
4%3J),!1%K.!,.6)!2L1!),U)!Δt!4(!1™!1%K.!*.(G!t!!
! ! à!ef),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!<&6!G0$%T!i!Y! $3HQω1DφS!QhS!
Vậy:!điện!áp!và!dòng!điện!x/chiều!cùng!pha!với!nhau,!khi!mạch!chỉ!chứa!R!hay!u
R
!cùng!pha!với!i!
b)'Trở'kháng:!Đại!lượng!đặc!trưng!cho!tính!cản!trở!dòng!điện!trong!mạch!"#!§!!
«
0
I
!
0
I
!
xO
!
«
xO;U
0
!
!
00
I;U
!!
2
I
I
0
=
2
U
U
0
=
2
E
E
0
=
R
NBSw
R
NBSw
R
U
R
u
R0
R
=
!
oY-
2
§Y !
t.R
2
I
RtIQ
2
0
2
==
R
2
I
2
0
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
41
c)#Định#luật#Ôm#cho#đoạn#mạch:#'
Đặt:!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! với!U
R
!điện!áp!hiệu!dụng!ở!hai!đầu!điện!trở!R!
!
!d)# Công# thức# mở# rộng:# Do# u
R
# đồng# pha# với# i#
nên:##
'
e)#Giãn#đồ#vecto:#'
! !
2.'Đoạn#mạch#chỉ#có#tụ#điện:''
a)#Quan#hệ#giữa#u#và#i:!•.J!HŠ!*81!=#3!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%!G+1!*.W)!R9!g36'!$%.:&!$-!A.(&!1%˜$T!u!=!u
C
!
=!U
0
$3HQω1DφS!Q_S!
à!z.W)!1?$%!12m)!1…T!q!=!Cu
C!
Y!CU
0!
$3HQωt+φ)!(C)!!
àef),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!<&6!G0$%T!iY Yq’(t)!=!ωCU
0
cos(ωt+φ+π/2)!(A)!
Ø
'Vậy:!Điện!áp!giữa!hai!đầu!đoạn!mạch!chỉ!có!tụ!điện!trễ! pha! h ơn! dòng!điện!x/chiều!góc!π/2!(hay!dòng!
điện!x/chiều!sớm!pha!hơn!điện!áp!góc!π/2)khi!mạch!chỉ!chứa!tụ!điện!&
C
!$%MG!9%6!%v)!.!,-$!πdcC!
b)#Trở'kháng'&'Định#luật#Ôm#cho#đoạn#mạch#chỉ#có#tụ#điện:#'
! Đặt:!I
0!!
Y!qC.U
0!
Y! C!X6!1%L'!*0.!"O\), *-),!=6.!12f!$J)!12N!Ff),!<&6!1…!*.W)C!z81! YÁ
C!
!
,†.!"#!F&),!4%R),C!!
*'Dung#kháng:!Đại!lượng!đặc!trưng!cho!tính!cản!trở!dòng!điện!x/chiều!trong!mạch!của!tụ!điện!!
(Ω)!
I.'' Ý#nghĩa#của#dung#kháng''
! D!E#G!$%3!.!H/G!9%6!%v)!&!,-$!£dcC!!
! D!p%.!`!1š),!Q%38$!X!,.JGS!Ï!Á
C!!
,.JG!Ï!-!1š),!Ï!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!<&6!G0$%!F”!F#),C!!
! D!p%.!`!,.JG!Q%38$!X!1š),S!Ï!Á
C
!1š),!Ï!-!,.JG!Ï!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!<&6!G0$%!4%-!%v)C!!
*'Định#luật#Ôm:#!I!=! U
C
!=!I.Z
C
!!hoặc!I
0
=! U
0C
=I
0
.Z
C
!!
# Với!U
C
!điện#áp#hiệu#dụng#ở#hai#đầu#tụ#C!!
c)#Giãn#đồ#vecto:##
#
#
#
#
'
d)'Công'thức'mở'rộng:'Do!&
C
' vuông'pha'với'i'nên!!
!%6'! !
3.'Đoạn#mạch#chỉ#có#cuộn#dây#thuần#cảm:''
0
I
i
U
u
I
i
U
u
0R0
R
0R0
R
=-Û=
dt
dq
C
1
U
0
w
C
1
w
C
1
w
C2
T
fC2
1
C
1
Z
C
p
=
p
=
w
=
Û
C
C
Z
U
Û
C
C0
Z
U
1
I
i
U
u
2
0
2
2
C0
2
C
=+
2
I
i
U
u
2
2
2
C
2
C
=+
-
0
Y Ì
0R
Y-
0
C§!
!!!%6'!!
-Y
Ì
R
Y-C§!
Û
R
U
R0
Û
R
U
R
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
42
! €&+)!F@'!1%&;)!$JG!"#!$&+)!F@'!$%•!$-!*+!1V!$JG!E!=#!$-!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!2!4%5),!*R),!4(!Q2! !nS!
a)#Quan#hệ#giữa#u#và#i:!Điện!áp!hai!đầu!đoạn!mạch!chỉ!có!cuộn!cảm!thuần!sớm!pha!hơn!dòng!điện!
x/chiều!góc!π/2!(hay!dòng! điện!x/chiều! trễ!pha!hơn!điện!áp!góc!π/2)!khi!mạch!chỉ!chứa!cuộn!cảm!
thuần!u
L
!(lẹ)!sớm!pha!hơn!i!góc!π/2!
b)'Trở'kháng'&'Định#luật#Ôm#cho#đoạn#mạch#chỉ#có#tụ#điện:#'
*
'Cảm#kháng:!Đại!lượng!đặc!trưng!cho!tính!c ản!trở!dòng!điện!x/chiều!trong!mạch!của!cuộn!cảm!Z
L
!=!
ω
L
!=!2π.f.L!=! (Ω)!
II.'Ý#nghĩa#của#cảm#kháng''
! D!E#G!$%3!.!12”!9%6!%v)!&!,-$!£dcC!!
! D!p%.!`!1š),!Q%38$!X!,.JGS!Ï!Z
L
!1š),!Ï!-!,.JG!ÏFf),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!<&6!
G0$%!4%-!%v)C!!
! D!p%.!`!,.JG!Q%38$!X!1š),S!Ï!Z
L!
,.JG!Ï!-!1š),ÏFf),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!<&6!
G0$%!F”!F#),!%v)C!!
!
*
'Định#luật#Ôm:! hoặc! !
Với#U
L
!điện#áp#hiệu#dụng#ở#hai#đầu#cuộn#thuần#cảm#L!!
c)#Giãn#đồ#vecto:#'
d)'Công'thức'mở'rộng:'Do'&
L
!vuông'pha'với'i'nên''
'hay' '
!€%›!´T!Zj&!cuộn'dây'không'thuần'cảm'thì!u
dây
!Y!u
r
!D!u
L
! !u
L!
!
'TỔNG'QUÁTT!Nếu!dòng!xoay!chiều!có!dạng:!i!=!I
0
cos(ωt+φ
i
)!(A)thì!điện!áp!
xoay!chiều!hai!đầu!mỗi!phần!tử!điện!có!dạng:!!
"
!!u
R
!*ˆ),!9%6!=/.!.T!u
R!
YU
0R
c3HQq1D‹
i
S!QV)!!với!U
0R!
Y!I
0
.RC! !!
"
!u
L
!lẹ(nhanh)!9%6!%v)!.!,-$!£dcT!u
L
!YU
0L
cos(ωt+φ
i
DπdcS!QV)!!với!U
0L
!Y!I
0
.!Z
L
!
Y!I
0
qL!!
u
C
!chậm!9%6!%v)!.!,-$!£dcT!u
C
!YU
0C
$3HQωt+φ
i
- π/2) (V)
B.'TRẮC'NGHIỆM:''
Câu 1. •.R!12>!*3!$]6!=5)4j!=#!6G9u!4j!g36'!$%.:&!$%•T!!
! A.'•.R!12>!1˜$!1%K.!$]6!*.W)!R9!=#!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&C!!
! B.'•.R!12>!12&),!A^)%!$]6!*.W)!R9!=#!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&C!!
! C.'•.R!12>!$V$!*0.!$]6!*.W)!R9!=#!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&C!!
! D.'•.R!12>!%.W&!F…),!$]6!*.W)!R9!=#!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&C!
Câu 2. €%†)!$@&!12J!"K.!H6.C!ef),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!"#T!!
' A.'ef),!*.W)!G#!$OK),!*+!A.j)!1%.m)!1%u3!F0),!H.)C!!
' B.'ef),!*.W)!G#!$OK),!*+!A.j)!1%.m)!1%u3!F0),!$3HC!!
!' C.'ef),!*.W)!*w.!$%.:&!G+1!$R$%!1&;)!%3#)C!! !
' D.'ef),!*.W)!F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#C!
Câu 3. !€%†)!9%R1!A.(&!*›),!4%.!)-.!=:!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!%.W&!F…),!!
A.'€OK),!*+!%.W&!F…),!*O\$!1?)%!AN.!$5),!1%˜$!-!Y -
0
!!
B.'€OK),!*+!%.W&!F…),!$]6!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!AB),!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!4%5),!*w.!)%@)!$%3!
!!
! C.'€OK),!*+!%.W&!F…),!4%5),!*3!*O\$!AB),!6G9u!4jC!!
! D.'•.R!12>!$]6!$OK),!*+!%.W&!F…),!*3!*O\$!AB),!6G9u!4jC!!
»
T
L2p
LL
L
L
Z.IU
Z
U
I =Û=
L0L0
L
L0
0
Z.IU
Z
U
I =Û=
1
I
i
U
u
2
0
2
2
L0
2
L
=+
2
I
i
U
u
2
2
2
L
2
L
=+
Þ
¹
2
2
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
43
Câu 4. !X23),!$R$!*0.!"O\),!*8$!12O),!$%3!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!H6&!*@'7!*0.!"O\),!)#3!4%5),!Ft),!,.R!
12>!%.W&!F…),¡!!
' A.'z.W)!R9!' ' B.'œ&L1!*.W)!*+),C!!
! C.'€OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)! !! D.'€5),!H&L1C!!
Câu 5. !o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!*›),¡!!
! A.'p%R.!).WG!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!%.W&!F…),!*O\$!g@'!FV),!FV6!=#3!1R$!F…),!%3R!%†$!$]6!Ff),!
*.W)C!!
! B.'p%R.!).WG!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!%.W&!F…),!*O\$!g@'!FV),!FV6!=#3!1R$!F…),!)%.W1!$]6!Ff),!
*.W)C!!
! C.'p%R.!).WG!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!%.W&!F…),!*O\$!g@'!FV),!FV6!=#3!1R$!F…),!1™!$]6!Ff),!*.W)C!!
! D.'p%R.!).WG!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!%.W&!F…),!*O\$!g@'!FV),!FV6!=#3!1R$!F…),!9%R1!<&6),!$]6!
Ff),!*.W)C!!
Câu 6. !o%R1!A.(&!)#3!"#!4%5),!*›),¡!!
! A.'z.W)!R9!A.j)!*w.!*.:&!%3#!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)!,†.!"#!*.W)!R9!g36'!$%.:&C!!
! B.'ef),!*.W)!$-!$OK),!*+!A.j)!*w.!*.:&!%3#!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)!,†.!"#!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&C!!
! C.'œ&L1!*.W)!*+),!A.j)!*w.!*.:&!%3#!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)!,†.!"#!H&L1!*.W)!*+),!g36'!$%.:&C!!
! D.'€%3!Ff),!*.W)!G+1!$%.:&!=#!F*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!";)!"O\1!*.!<&6!$t),!G+1!*.W)!12N!1%^!$%›),!13J!
26!)%.W1!"O\),!)%O!)%6&C!!
Câu 7. !•.R!12>!12&),!A^)%!$]6!*0.!"O\),!)#3!FO/.!*@'!$-!´!),%—6!=M1!"´!)%O!)%6&!123),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!
=#!*.W)!G+1!$%.:&!!
' A.'-C!! B.'oC!! C.'ÌC!' D.' œ&L1!*.W)!*+),C!!
Câu 8. !o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!*›),!*[.!=/.!$&+)!$JGC!!
! A.'€&+)!$JG!$-!1R$!F…),!$J)!12N!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&7!4%5),!$-!1R$!F…),!$J)!12N!Ff),!*.W)!G+1!
$%.:&C!!
! B.'a.W&!*.W)!1%j!,.I6!%6.!*;&!$&+)!1%&;)!$JG!=#!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!<&6!)-!$-!1%(!*ˆ),!1%K.!
AB),!G+1!)Š6!$R$!A.m)!*+!1Ov),!˜),!$]6!)-C!!
! C.'€JG!4%R),!$]6!$&+)!$JG!1•!"W!=/.!$%&!4‘!$]6!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&C!!
! D.'€OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!<&6!$&+)!$JG!1•!"W!=/.!1;)!H[!Ff),!*.W)C!!
Câu 9. !ef),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!<&6!*30)!G0$%!$%•!$-!$&+)!$JG!%6'!1…!*.W)!,.[),!)%6&!N!*.(G!)#3C!!
! A.'z:&!A.j)!1%.m)!12”!9%6!£dc!*[.!=/.!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!N!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%C!!
! B.'z:&!$-!$OK),!*+!%.W&!F…),!1•!"W!=/.!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!%.W&!F…),!N!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%C!!
! C.'z:&!$-!$OK),!*+!%.W&!F…),!1š),!4%.!1;)!H[!Ff),!*.W)!1š),C!!
! D.'z:&!$-!$OK),!*+!%.W&!F…),!,.JG!4%.!1;)!H[!Ff),!*.W)!1š),C!!
Câu 10. !!o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!*›),!=/.!G0$%!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!$%•!$%˜6!$&+)!$JGC!!
' A.'ef),!*.W)!H/G!9%6!%v)!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!G+1!,-$!£dc!!
' B.'ef),!*.W)!H/G!9%6!%v)!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!G+1!,-$!£d•!' '
' C.'ef),!*.W)!12”!9%6!%v)!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!G+1!,-$!£dc!! !
' D.'ef),!*.W)!12”!9%6!%v)!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!G+1!,-$!£d•!
Câu 11. !!o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!*›),!=/.!G0$%!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!$%•!$%˜6!1…!*.W)C!!
' A.'ef),!*.W)!H/G!9%6!%v)!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!G+1!,-$!£dc!!
' B.'ef),!*.W)!H/G!9%6!%v)!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!G+1!,-$!£d•C!!
!' C.'ef),!*.W)!12”!9%6!%v)!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!G+1!,-$!£dc!!
! D.'ef),!*.W)!12”!9%6!%v)!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!G+1!,-$!£d•!!
Câu 12. !!p%.!$%&!4‘!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!$%0'!<&6!*30)!G0$%!$%•!$%˜6!$&+)!$JG!,.JG!•!";)!1%^!$JG!
4%R),!$]6!$&+)!F@'!!
' A.'1š),!"m)!c!";)C!! B.'1š),!"m)!•!";)C!! C.',.JG!*.!c!";)C!! D.',.JG!*.!•!";)C!!
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
44
Câu 13. !!p%.!1;)!H[!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!$%0'!<&6!*30)!G0$%!$%•!$%˜6!1…!*.W)!1š),!"m)!•!";)7!*.W)!R9!
%6.!*;&!1…!*.W)!=#!*.W)!F&),!*O\$!,.I!w)!*>)%!1%^!Ff),!*.W)!<&6!1…!*.W)!H“T!!
' A.'1š),!"m)!c!";)C!! B.'1š),!"m)!•!";)C!! C.',.JG!*.!c!";)C!! D.',.JG!*.!•!";)C!!
Câu 14. !!z81!*.W)!R9!&!Y!Ì
0!
$3Hq1!=#3!%6.!*;&!$&+)!$JG!1%&;)!$-!*+!1V!$JG!E!1%^!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!
<&6!$&+)!$JG!"#!!
' A.'i!!Y! $3H ' ' B.'i!Y! $3H !
! C.'i!Y $3H ' ' D.'i!Y $3H !
Câu 15. !!z81!*.W)!R9!g36'!$%.:&!&YÌ
0
$3Hq1!=#3!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%!$%•!$-!*.W)!12N!1%&;)C!•†.!Ì!"#!*.W)!
R9!%.W&!F…),!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%C!.7!-
0
!=#!-!";)!"O\1!"#!,.R!12>!1˜$!1%K.7!,.R!12>!$V$!*0.!=#!,.R!12>!%.W&!
F…),!$]6!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!123),!*30)!G0$%C!aW!1%˜$!)#3!H6&!*@'!H6.C!!
' A.' ' B.' ! C.' ' D.' '
Câu 16. !!z81!=#3!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%!$%•!$-!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!§!G+1!*.W)!R9!g36'!$%.:&!$-!A.(&!1%˜$!&!Y!
Ì
0
$3HQq1S!1%^!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!!
Câu 17. $%0'!<&6!*.W)!12N!$-!A.(&!1%˜$!.!Y!- $3HQq1!D!‹
i
S7!123),!*-!-!=#!‹
i!
*O\$!gR$!*>)%!AN.!$R$!%W!
1%˜$!1Ov),!˜),!"#!!
! A.'I!Y! i!‹
i
!Y !! B.'I!Y! i!‹
i
!Y!n!! C.'I!Y! i!‹i!Ys ! D.'I!Y! i!‹
i
!Y!n!
Câu 18. !!a.W&!*.W)!1%j!=#!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!123),!*30)!G0$%!$%•!$-!$&+)!F@'!1%&;)!$JG!$-!F0),!&!Y!
Ì
0
$3HQq1!D!£d¥S!=#!.!Y!-
0
$3HQq1!D‹SC!-
0
!=#!‹!$-!,.R!12>!)#3!H6&!*@'¡!!
' A.'I
0
!YU
0
Lqi!‹Ys ' B.'I
0
!Y! i!‹Ys !! C.'I
0
!Y! i!‹!Ys! ! D.'I
0
!Y! Lqi!‹Y !!
Câu 19. !!X23),!*30)!G0$%!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!$%•!$-!$&+)!F@'!1%&;)!$JG!$-!*+!1V!$JG!E7!*.W)!R9!,.I6!%6.!
*;&!$&+)!F@'!$-!A.(&!1%˜$!&YÌ
0
$3HQq1S!1%^!$OK),!*+!*.W)!$%0'!<&6!*30)!G0$%!$-!A.(&!1%˜$!.!Y!-
$3HQq1!D‹
i
S7!123),!*-!-!=#!‹
i!
*O\$!gR$!*>)%!AN.!$R$!%W!1%˜$!!
' A.'I!YU
0
Lqi!‹
i!
Y!n!! B.'I!Y! i!‹
i!!
Y!s !' C.'I!
=!!
i!‹
i!!
Ys !' D.'I!
=!
i!‹
i!=
!
Câu 20. !!a.W&!*.W)!1%j!=#!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!123),!*30)!G0$%!$%•!$-!1…!*.W)!$-!F0),!&!Y!Ì
0
$3HQq1!D
!
S!=#!.!Y!-
0
$3HQq1!D!¯SC!-
0
!=#!¯!$-!,.R!12>!)#3!H6&!*@'T!!
' A.'I
0
!Y! i!¯Y! ! B.'I
0
!Y!U
0
€qi!α!Y ! C.'I
0
!YU
0
€qi!α!Y ' D.'I
0!
Y i!¯!Ys !
Câu 21. !!z81!*.W)!R9!&!Y!Ì
0
$3Hq1!=#3!%6.!*;&!$&+)!$JG!1%&;)!$-!*+!1V!$JG!EC!X0.!1%K.!*.(G!*.W)!R9!
,.I6!%6.!*;&!$&+)!$JG!$-!*+!"/)!$V$!*0.!1%^!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!<&6!$&+)!$JG!AB),!!
A.' ! B.' ' C.' ' D.'n!
Câu 22. !z(!103!26!H&L1!*.W)!*+),!g36'!$%.:&7!16!$;)!9%J.!$%3!G+1!4%&),!F@'!
! A.'e63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!123),!1™!12OK),!*:&!H3),!H3),!=/.!G81!9%}),!4%&),C!!
! B.'<&6'!*:&!123),!G+1!1™!12OK),!A.j)!1%.m)!*:&!%f6C!!
! C.'<&6'!*:&!123),!G+1!1™!12OK),!*:&7!12…$!<&6'!H3),!H3),!*OK),!H˜$!1™!12OK),C!!
! D.'<&6'!*:&!123),!1™!12OK),!*:&7!12…$!<&6'!=&5),!,-$!=/.!*&K),!H˜$!1™!12OK),C!!
Câu 23. !Z,&'m)!1U$!103!26!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!FV6!12m)!!
L
2U
w
÷
ø
ö
ç
è
æ
p
+w
2
t
2L
2U
w
÷
ø
ö
ç
è
æ
p
+w
2
t
L
2U
w
÷
ø
ö
ç
è
æ
p
-w
2
t
2L
2U
w
÷
ø
ö
ç
è
æ
p
-w
2
t
0
I
I
U
U
00
=-
2
I
I
U
U
00
=+
0
I
i
U
U
=-
1
I
i
U
u
2
2
2
2
=+
2
R
U
0
2
p
R2
U
0
R2
U
0
2
p
R2
U
0
3
p
wL
U
0
3
2p
wL
U
0
3
p
0
U
Lw
6
p
2
wL
U
0
2
p
wL2
U
0
2
p
wL2
U
0
2
p
4
p
wC
U
0
4
3p
2
p
4
3p
wC
U
0
2
p
L2
U
0
w
L2
U
0
w
L
U
0
w
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
45
' A.'%.W)!1O\),!$JG!˜),!*.W)!1™C!' B.'%.W)!1O\),!<&6),!*.W)C!!
!' C.'%.W)!1O\),!1V!$JGC!! !! D.'%.W)!1O\),!103!26!1™!12OK),!<&6'C!!
Câu 24. !€OK),!*+!$]6!G+1!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!$-!A.(&!1%˜$!i!Y!•$3HQ–cn£tS!QASC!ef),!*.W)!)#'T!!
' A.'$-!$%.:&!1%6'!*w.!–cn!";)!123),!–HC!! !
! B.'$-!1;)!H[!AB),!Ÿn!abC!!
!' C.'$-!,.R!12>!%.W&!F…),!AB),!chC!! !
! D.'$-!,.R!12>!12&),!A^)%!123),!G+1!$%&!4‘!AB),!chC!!
Câu 25. !!o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!không'đúng!*[.!=/.!G0$%!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!$%•!$-!$&+)!$JG!1%&;)¡!!
! A.'z.W)!R9!1˜$!1%K.!N!%6.!*;&!*36)!G0$%!"&5)!H/G!9%6!£dc!H3!=/.!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)C!!
! B.'€5),!H&L1!1.m&!1%…!$]6!*30)!G0$%!AB),!4%5),C!!
! C.'€OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!%.W&!F…),!123),!G0$%!*O\$!1?)%!AB),!$5),!1%˜$T!I!YUCqL!C!!
! D.'X;)!H[!$]6!*.W)!R9!$#),!"/)!1%^!Ff),!*.W)!$#),!4%-!*.!<&6!$&+)!F@'C!!
Câu 26. !!z[.!=/.!*30)!G0$%!$%•!$-!$&+)!$JG!1%&;)7!9%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!không'đúng¡!
' A.'€5),!H&L1!1.m&!1%…!AB),!nC!!
!' B.'z+!"W$%!9%6!,.I6!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!=#!*.W)!R9!,.I6!%6.!*;&!G0$%!AB),!π/cC!!
' C.'€OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!%.W&!F…),!1š),!4%.!1;)!H[!Ff),!*.W)!,.JGC!!
!' D.'€JG!4%R),!$]6!*30)!G0$%!1•!"W!1%&M)!=/.!$%&!4‘!$]6!Ff),!*.W)C!!
Câu 27. !!€&+)!$JG!GU$!123),!G0$%!g36'!$%.:&!$-!1R$!F…),T!!
' A.'4%5),!$J)!12N!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!<&6!)-C!!
' B.'"#G!$%3!Ff),!*.W)!12”!9%6!H3!=/.!*.W)!R9C!!
!! C.'$-!*+!1V!$JG!$#),!"/)!1%^!)%.W1!*+!1¢6!26!12m)!)-!$#),!"/)C!!
!' D.'$-!1R$!F…),!$J)!12N!Ff),!*.W)7!$%&!4‘!Ff),!*.W)!,.JG!1%^!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!<&6!$&+)!$JG!
,.JG!
Câu 28. !Œ+1!1…!*.W)!*O\$!)[.!=/.!),&ˆ)!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&C!z.W)!1?$%!12m)!G+1!AJ)!1…!*.W)!*01!$V$!*0.!4%.!
' A.'*.W)!R9!,.I6!%6.!AJ)!1…!$V$!*0.!$f)!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!<&6!)-!AB),!4%5),C!!
! B.'*.W)!R9!,.I6!%6.!AJ)!1…!AB),!4%5),!$f)!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!<&6!)-!$V$!*0.C!!
! C.'$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!<&6!1…!*.W)!=#!*.W)!R9!,.I6!%6.!AJ)!1…!*:&!*01!$V$!*0.C!!
! D.'$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!<&6!1…!*.W)!=#!*.W)!R9!,.I6!%6.!AJ)!1…!*:&!AB),!4%5),C!!
Câu 29. !p%.!GU$!G+1!1…!*.W)!=#3!G0$%!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&7!)-!$-!4%J!)š),!!
' A.'$%3!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!*.!<&6!G+1!$R$%!F”!F#),C!!
' B.'$J)!12N!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&C!!
! C.'),š)!$J)!%3#)!13#)!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&C!!
! D.'$%3!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!*.!<&67!*ˆ),!1%K.!$P),!$-!1R$!F…),!$J)!12N!Ff),!*.W)!
Câu 30. !!z[.!=/.!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!$%•!$-!$&+)!$JG7!$&+)!$JG!$-!1R$!F…),T' !
' A.'$J)!12N!Ff),!*.W)7!Ff),!*.W)!$-!1;)!H[!$#),!)%¢!$#),!A>!$J)!12N!)%.:&C!!
!' B.'"#G!$%3!Ff),!*.W)!)%6)%!9%6!£dc!H3!=/.!*.W)!R9!!
' C.'),š)!$J)!%3#)!13#)!Ff),!*.W)C!!
D.'$J)!12N!Ff),!*.W)7!Ff),!*.W)!$-!1;)!H[!$#),!"/)!$#),!A>!$J)!12N!)%.:&C!!
Câu 31. !!e&),!4%R),!$]6!1…!*.W)T!!
!! A.'X•!"W!1%&M)!=/.!$%&!4‘!$]6!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!<&6!)-C!!
' B.'X•!"W!1%&M)!=/.!*.W)!F&),!$]6!1…!!
!' C.'X•!"W!),%>$%!=/.!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!<&6!)-C!' '
' D.'X•!"W!1%&M)!=/.!*.W)!R9!g36'!$%.:&!R9!=#3!)-!!
Câu 32. !ef),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!123),!*30)!G0$%!$%•!$-!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!!
! A.'$t),!1;)!H[!=/.!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!N!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%!=#!$-!9%6!A6)!*;&!"&5)!AB),!nC!!
! B.'$t),!1;)!H[!=#!$t),!9%6!=/.!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!N!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%C!!
! C.'"&5)!"W$%!9%6!£dc!H3!=/.!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!N!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%C!!
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
46
' D.'$-!,.R!12>!%.W&!F…),!1•!"W!1%&M)!=/.!*.W)!12N!$]6!G0$%C!!
Câu 33. !Qzacn––Sz81!*.W)!R9!u!YU $3Hqt!=#3!%6.!*;&!G+1!1…!*.W)!1%^!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!<&6!)-!$-!
,.R!12>!%.W&!F…),!"#!-C!X0.!1%K.!*.(G!17!*.W)!R9!N!%6.!*;&!1…!*.W)!"#!&!=#!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!<&6!)-!"#!.C!
aW!1%˜$!".m)!%W!,.I6!$R$!"O\),!"#' !
' A.' ' B.' ' C.' ! D.' '
BẢNG'TRA'ĐÁP'ÁN'CHỦ'ĐỀ'1:'ĐẠI'CƯƠNG'VỀ'DÒNG'ĐIỆN'XOAY'CHIỀU'
1D''
2''
3'D''
4'D''
5B''
6D''
7A''
8A''
9B''
10C''
11''
12A''
13B''
14B''
15C''
16D''
17D''
18C''
19C''
20C''
21D''
22''
23D''
24A''
25A''
26C''
27D''
28D''
29D''
30D''
31D''
32A''
33B''
34C''
''
''
''
''
''
''
''
''
''
''
''
!!
' CHỦ'ĐỀ'2:'MẠCH'ĐIỆN'XOAY'CHIỀU'KHÔNG'PHÂN'NHÁNH'-CÔNG'SUẤT'MẠCH'XOAY'
CHIỀU''
!!
A.'LÝ'THUYẾT''
I.## MẠCH#ĐIỆN#XOAY#CHIỀU#KHÔNG#PHÂN#NHÁNH:''
1.#Sơ#dồ#mạch:#'
2.#Định#luật#Ôm#cho#đoạn#mạch#'
a)!Tổng!trở!của!đoạn!mạchT!!
!Á!Y! Y! !
b)!Định!luật!Ôm!T!-
0
!Y! !%6'!-!Y! Y Y Y !
!c)!•.ž)!*ˆ!=u$13T!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
v Mối#liên#hệ#giữa#các#điện#áp#cực#đại#hoặc#hiệu#dụng:''
U!Y !%38$!U
0
!Y! !
d)#Độ#lệch#pha#của#u#so#với#i:! !
tanφ= !
!
§ Zj&!Ì
L
!„!Ì
C
!Q%6'!Á
L
!„!Á
C
ST!‹!„!n! !&!H/G!9%6!%v)!.! !Z
L!
>!!Z
C!
mạch#có#tính#cảm#kháng!
§ Zj&!Ì
L
!ƒ!Ì
C
!Q%6'!Á
L
!ƒ!Á
C
ST!‹!ƒ!n! !&!$%MG!9%6!%v)!.! !Z
L
<Z
C!
mạch#có#tính#dung#kháng'
§ Zj&!Ì
L
!Y!Ì
C
!Q%6'!Á
L
!Y!Á
C
ST!‹!Y!n! !&!$t),!9%6!=/.!.! !Z
L!
Y!Z
C!!
mạch#có#thuần#trở.#'
2
4
1
I
i
U
u
2
2
2
2
=+
1
I
i
U
u
2
2
2
2
=+
2
I
i
U
u
2
2
2
2
=+
2
1
I
i
U
u
2
2
2
2
=+
( )
2
CL
2
ZZR -+
2
2
C
1
LR
÷
ø
ö
ç
è
æ
w
-w+
Z
U
0
Z
U
R
U
R
L
L
Z
U
r
U
r
( )
2
R
2
CL
UUU +-
( )
2
R
2
CL
UUU +-
( )
iu
i
u
I;U j-j==j=j
!!
R
C
1
L
R
ZZ
U
UU
CL
R
CL
w
-w
=
-
=
-
Û
Û
Û
Û
Û
Û
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
47
3.#Hiện#tượng#cộng#hưởng:!a.W)!1O\),!cường#độ#dòng#điện !
123),!G0$%!*01!cực#đạiQ-
max!
S!4%.!Z
L!
YZ
C
!%6'!1;)!H[!$]6!G0$%!*01!
,.R!12>!!`
0
!Y! !!
v aW!<&J!$]6!%.W)!1O\),!$+),!%ON),T!!
§ -
max!
Y! !=/.!Á
min!
Y!§! Z
L!
Y!Z
C
!!hay!U
L!
YU
C
!!
§ φ!Y!n!Þ!φ&!Y!φ.!Þ!! !
§ &
R
!*ˆ),!9%6!H3!=/.!&!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%C!a6'!Ì
Rmax
!Y!Ì!
§ &E!=#!&€!*ˆ),!1%K.!"W$%!9%6!π/2 so với u ở hai đầu đoạn mạch.!
CHÚ#Ý:#Nếu#cuộn#không#thuần#cảm#(có#điện#trở#thuần#r#)##
§
Á!Y' 'và'Ì!Y' '
§
16)φY '
4.#Hệ#số#công#suât#và#công#suất#của#dòng#điện#xoay#chiều:#'
a)#Công'suất'của'mạch'điện'xoay'chiều:!!
! "!€5),!H&L1!1%˜$!1%K.T!9
t!
Y!u.i!Q S!! !!
! "!€5),!H&L1!12&),!A^)%T! !Y!o!Y!Ì-$3Hφ!
! "!z.W)!)š),!1.m&!1%…T! !Y!oC1!QÆS!!
b)#Hệ'số'công'suất'cosφ:!Q=^!s!£dc!¸!‹!¸!D!£dc!)m)!16!"&5)!$-!0'≤'cosφ'≤'1)!!
! "!l.(&!1%˜$!$]6!%W!H[!$5),!H&L1T!X2OK),!%\9!mạch'RLC'nối'tiếp! !!
! "!X2OK),!%\9!)#'7!$5),!H&L1!1.m&!1%…!12&),!A^)%!$]6!G0$%!AB),!$5),!H&L1!1¢6!)%.W1!12m)!*.W)!12N!
§!!
! oYÌ.$3HφY§C-
2
YÌ
R
C§Y !
! "!X;G!<&6)!12†),!$]6!%W!H[!$5),!H&L1!$3H‹!123),!<&R!12^)%!cung!cấp!=#!sử!dụng!điện!năng!T!!
€5),!H&L1!1.m&!1%…!12&),!A^)%T!o!Y!Ì-!$3H‹!Þ!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!%.W&!F…),!-!Y! !!
Þ!$5),!H&L1!%63!9%?!12m)!F@'!1J.!*.W)!Q$-!*.W)!12N!2!S!T!!
Þ!)j&!$3H‹!)%¢!1%^!%63!9%?!"/)!Þ!<&'!*>)%!$R$!$v!HN!HŠ!
F…),! *.W)! 9%J.! $-!
$3H‹!Ð!n7•ŸC!
'CHÚ#Ý:#'
! "!Z%.W1!"O\),!1¢6!26Qz.W)!)š),!1.m&!1%…S!123),!1%K.!,.6)!tQsST!Q!Y!I
2
!CR!t!!QÆS!
!
"
!Nếu!cuộn!không!thuần!cảm!(có!điện!trở!thuân!R
L
!)thì:!!
!=/.!Á!Y! !
LC
1
LC2
1
0
=wÛ
p
R
U
Z
U
min
=
Û
î
í
ì
=j 1max)(cos*
auvàiđvàvài*
( ) ( )
2
CL
2
ZZRr -++
( ) ( )
2
rR
2
CL
UUUU ++-
rR
C
1
L
rR
ZZ
UU
UU
CL
rR
CL
+
w
-w
=
+
-
=
+
-
P
Z
R
U
U
I.U
P
cos
R
===j
R
cosU
22
j
jcos.U
P
( )
÷
÷
÷
ø
ö
ê
ê
ê
ë
é
+=
+
=j
2
L
L
I.RRP
Z
RR
cos
( ) ( )
2
CL
2
L
ZZRR -++
o
hp
Y2C-
2
Y !
j
22
2
cos.U
P.r
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
48
! "!z.W)!)š),!1.m&!1%…!$]6!G0$%T!W!Y!P!tC!YU!IC$3H!‹Ct!Y!-!§
2
t!C!!
! !Zj&!$&+)!F@'!4%5),!1%&;)!$JG!QR
L!
!nS!thì! ! !
§ Zj&!*30)!G0$%!1%.j&!9%;)!1Š!)#3!1%^!$%3!12N!4%R),!$]6!9%;)!1Š!*-!AB),!n!!
z30)!G0$%!
!
!
!
!
!
Xw),!12N!Á!Y!!
!
!
!
1,φ!
s !
!
D !φ Y!πdc!
s! φ Y!sπdc!
§ Zj&!$%3T!i!Y!I
0
C$3HQq1Dφ
i
S!QA)!!
! s!z.W)!R9!1˜$!1%K.!N!%6.!*;&!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!§T!Þ u
R!
Y!U
0R
C$3HQq1D‹
i
S!QV!S!=/.!U
0R!
Y!I
0
CR! !!
! s!z.W)!R9!1˜$!1%K.!N!%6.!*;&!$&+)!1%&;)!$JGT!Þ u
L!
Y!U
0L
C$3HQq1D‹
i
!D‹
L
S!QV!S!=/.!!U
0L
!Y!I
0
CZ
L!
!
s!z.W)!R9!1˜$!1%K.!N!%6.!*;&!1…!*.W)T!Þ!u
C!
Y!U
0C
C$3HQq1!D‹
i
!D!‹
L
S!QV!S!=/.!!U
0C
!Y!I!
0
CZ
C!
!!
§ Cũng !có!th ể!tính !các!độ!lệch!pha!và! các!biên!độ!hay! giá!tr ị!hiệu!dụ ng!bằn g!g iản!đồ!Fre-nen.!!
§ -!Y! i!Œ7Z!"#!%6.!*.(G!AL1!4‘!!
II.## HIỆN#TƯỢNG#CỘNG#HƯỞNG#ĐIỆN':''
'1.'Điều'kiện'để'có'cộng'hưởng:!Á
L
!Y!Á
C
! ωE!Y! !%6'!qY! ! !!
2.'Hệ'quả:''
' ▪'!-
max!
Y !=/.!Á
min
Y!§! Á
L
!Y!Á
C
!!hay!U
L!
YU
C
'
' ▪'φ Y!n!Þ ‹
u!
Y!φ!
i!!
Þ
▪ &
R
!*ˆ),!9%6!H3!=/.!&!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%C!a6'!Ì
Rmax
!Y!Ì!
! ▪!&
L
!=#!&
C
!*ˆ),!1%K.!"W$%!9%6!πdc!H3!=/.!&!N!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%!
v
Đồ#thị#I#theo!q!(hoặc!f!)!! I!
Đường!cong!cộng!hưởng!của!đoạn!mạch!RLC.R!càng!lớn!thì!cộng!
hưởng!không!rõ!nét!!
v Liên#hệ#giữa#Z#và#tần#số#f:!
f
0
!"#!1;)!Hˆ!"›$!$+),!%ON),!
! ▪!Khi!f<f
0
!:!Mạch!có!tính!dung!kháng,!Z!và!f!nghịch!biến!!
! ▪!Khi!f>!f
0
:!Mạch!có!tính!cảm!kháng,!Z!và!f!đồng!biến!!
III.##CÔNG#SUẤT#TIÊU#THỤ#CỦA#DÒNG#ĐIỆN#XOAY#CHIỀU!! O! !
1.'Hệ'số'công'suất'cosφ:!Q=^!s£dc!¸!‹!¸!D£dc!)m)!16!"&5)!$-!n!¸!
$3H‹!¸!–S!!
! "!l.(&!1%˜$!$]6!%W!H[!$5),!H&L1!T!X2OK),!%\9!mạch'RLC'nối'
tiếp!!$3Hφ!Y! !
2.#Công#suất#'
a)#Công!suất!tức!thời:!p
t
=u.i=!Uicosφ+Uicos(2ωt+φ)C!
¹
( ) ( )
ê
ê
ê
ë
é
+
-
=j•
-++=•
L
CL
2
CLL
RR
ZZ
tg
ZZRRZ
2
2
C
2
ZR +
2
L
2
ZR +
CL
ZZ -
R
Z
C
R
Z
L
Þ¥
Þ¥
MN
MN
C
C
L
LR
Z
U
Z
U
Z
U
R
U
Z
U
====
Û
C
1
w
LC2
1
f1LC
LC
1
0
2
p
=Û=wÛ
R
U
Z
U
min
=
Û
î
í
ì
=j*
*
1)(cos
phadongivàu
max
Z
R
U
U
I.U
P
R
==
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
49
b)#Công#suất#tiêu#thụ#trung#bình#của#mạch:''o!Y!Ì.$3HφY-
2
§Y '
Trong!các!bài!tập!ta!thường!dùng!P!=!§C-
2
!Y! !!!
!CHÚ#Ý:#'
*!Nếu#mạch#gồm#điện#trở#R#và#r#hay#cuộn#dây#có#điện#trở#thuần#r#thì!:!!
à
#Công#suất#tiêu#thụ#của#mạch!P
mạch!
YQ§D2SC-
2
!Y! Y!o
R
!D!o
dây
! !
à
!Công#suất#tiêu#thụ#trên#điện#trở#thuần#R:!P
R!
Y!I
2
R!=! !
à
Công#suất#tiêu#thụ#trên#điện#cuộn#dây:!P
dây!
Y!I
2
.r!Y !!
*!Một'số'cách'biến'đổi'khác:'o!Y̧C-!Y' !
3.'Ý#nghĩa#của#hệ#số#công#suất:#'
D!X2OK),!%\9!$3H‹!Y!–Þ!‹Y!nT!Œ0$%!$%•!$-!§7!%38$!G0$%!§E€!$-!$+),!%ON),!*.W)C!!
! QZ
L!
Y!Z
C!
S1%^T!P!à!P
max!
YUI!Y! !
!D!X2OK),!%\9!$3H‹!Y!n!1˜$!"#!‹Y!±! T!Œ0$%!$%•!$-!E7!%38$!€7!%38$!$-!$J!E!=#!€!G#!4%5),!$-!§!!
X%^T!P!Y!P
min!
Y!n!
4.#Tầm#quan#trọng#của#hệ#số#công#suất#cosφ#trong#quá#trình#cung#cấp#và#sử#dụng#điện#năng:#'
€5),!H&L1!1.m&!1%…!12&),!A^)%T!o!Y!Ì-!$3H‹!Þ!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!%.W&!F…),!-!Y! !
Þ!$5),!H&L1!%63!9%?!12m)!F@'!1J.!*.W)!Q$-!*.W)!12N!2!S!T!!
!
Þ!)j&!$3H‹!)%¢!1%^!%63!9%?!"/)!Þ!<&'!*>)%!$R$!$v!HN!HŠ! F…),! *.W)! 9%J.! $-!
$3H‹!Ð!n7•ŸC!!
'
Ø
'Chú#ý:#'
s!Nhiệt'lượng'tỏa'ra!Qz.W)!)š),!1.m&!1%…S!123),!1%K.!,.6)t(s)T! !
s!Nếu!cuộn!không!thuần!cảm!(có!điện!trở!thuần!R
L
)!thì:!!
!=/.!Á!Y! ! Q¥C¤S!
IV.##XÁC#ĐỊNH#PHẦN#TỬ#CÓ#TRONG#MẠCH#DỰA#VÀO#TÍNH#CHẤT#ĐẶC#TRƯNG#CỦA#ĐỘ#LỆCH#PHA#'
1.#Dựa#vào#độ#lệch#pha#của#u# s o#với#i:!‹YQ SY!‹
u
!s!φ
i
,!của#u
1
#so#với!u
2
!Δφ!Y!Q SY!‹
1!
s!φ
2!
rồi#vẽ!
giãn#đồ#vec-tơ.#Từ#đó#Þ#phần#tử#của#mạch.#Cụ#thể:#'
*!Nếu!‹Y!n!1%^!G0$%!1%&;)!12NQ$%•!$-!§!%38$!G0$%!§E€!*6),!gJ'!26!$+),!%ON),!*.W)SC!!
*!Nếu!‹Y!yπdc!1%^!4%5),!1ˆ)!10.!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!§T!!
§ !φ!Y!±!πdc!ÞG0$%!$%•!$-!E!%38$!E€!=/.!Z
L
>Z
C!
C!
§ φ Y!s!π/c!ÞG0$%!$%•!$-!€!%38$!E€!=/.!Z
L!
ƒ!Z
C
!!
( )
R
cos.U
2
j
( )
R.
ZZR
U
2
CL
2
2
-+
( )
)rR.(
ZZ)rR(
U
2
CL
2
2
+
-++
( )
R.
ZZ)rR(
U
2
CL
2
2
-++
( )
r.
ZZ)rR(
U
2
CL
2
2
-++
R
)cosU(
R
U
22
j
=
R
U
2
2
p
jcos.U
P
[ ]
t.R.IQ
2
=
( )
ê
ê
ê
ë
é
+=
+
=j
2
L
L
I.RRP
Z
RR
cos
( ) ( )
2
CL
2
L
ZZRR -++
i;U
!
!
21
U;U
!!
o
hp
Y!2-
2
!Y !
j
22
2
cos.U
P.r
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
50
"
Nếu!‹! y!πdc!1%^!9%J.!1ˆ)!10.!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!§T!
§ nƒφƒπdc!QG0$%!$-!1?)%!$JG!4%R),S!ÞG0$%!,ˆG!§E!%38$!§E€!=/.!Z
L!
„!Z
C
C!!
§ -π/2 !<!φ!<!0!QG0$%!$-!1?)%!F&),!4%R),S!ÞG0$%!,ˆG!§€!%38$!§E€!=/.!Z
L!
ƒ!Z
C
!!
2.#Dựa#vào#một#số#dấu#hiệu#khác:''
"!Zj&!G0$%!$-!§!)[.!1.j9!=/.!E!%38$!§!)[.!1.j9!=/.!€!1%^T!Ì
2
!Y!Ì
!
D!Ì !%38$!Ì
2
!Y!Ì
!
D!Ì
!
C!!
"!Zj&!G0$%!$-!E!)[.!1.j9!=/.!€!1%^T!Ì!Y!‚Ì
L
!·!Ì
C
‚C!!
"!Zj&!$-!$5),!H&L1!1¢6!)%.W1!1%^!123),!G0$%!9%J.!$-!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!§!%38$!$&+)!F@'!9%J.!$-!*.W)!12N!
1%&;)!2C!!
"!Zj&!G0$%!$-!‹!Y!n!Q-!Y!-
max
i!o!Y!o
max
S!1%^!%38$!"#!G0$%!$%•!$-!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!§!%38$!G0$%!$-!$J!E!=#!
€!=/.!Á
L
!Y!Á
C
C
#
!
B.'TRẮC'NGHIỆM:''
Câu 1. X23),!G0$%!§!·!E!·!€!GU$!)[.!1.j97!*+!"W$%!9%6!,.I6!Ff),!*.W)!=#!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!,.I6!%6.!*;&!
*30)!G0$%!9%…!1%&+$!=#3T!
' A.'$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!%.W&!F…),!123),!G0$%C!! !
! B.'%.W&!*.W)!1%j!%.W&!F…),!,.I6!%6.!*;&!G0$%C!!
! C.'$R$%!$%†)!,[$!1?)%!1%K.!,.6)C!! !
' D.'1?)%!$%L1!$]6!G0$%!*.W)C!!
Câu 2. !o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H63!*@'!"#!không'đúng¡!X23),!G0$%!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!4%5),!9%@)!)%R)%!4%.!*.W)!
F&),!$]6!1…!*.W)!1%6'!*w.!=#!1%¢6!Gž)!*.:&!4.W)!q
2
LC!Y–!1%^!!
! A.'$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!F63!*+),!$t),!9%6!=/.!*.W)!R9!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%C!!
! B.'$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!%.W&!F…),!123),!G0$%!*01!$V$!*0.C!!
! C.'$5),!H&L1!1.m&!1%…!123),!G0$%!*01!$V$!*0.C!! !
' D.'*.W)!R9!%.W&!F…),!,.I6!%6.!*;&!1…!*.W)!*0.!$V$!*0.C!!
Câu 3. !o%R1!A.(&! )#3! H6&!*@'! "#!không'đúng?! X23),!G0$%! *.W)!g36'! $%.:&!4%5),! 9%@)!)%R)%!4%.!
*.W)!F&),!$]6!1…!*.W)!1%6'!*w.!=#!1%¢6!Gž)!*.:&!4.W)!q
2
LC!Y–!1%^!!
! A.'$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!F63!*+),!$t),!9%6!=/.!*.W)!R9!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%C!!
! B.'*.W)!R9!,.I6!%6.!*;&!1…!*.W)!=#!$&+)!$JG!AB),!)%6&C!!
! C.'1w),!12N!$]6!G0$%!*.W)!*01!,.R!12>!"/)!)%L1C!! !
' D.'*.W)!R9!%.W&!F…),!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*.W)!12N!*01!$V$!*0.C!
Câu 4. !X23),!*30)!G0$%!§!·!E!·!€!GU$!)[.!1.j9!*6),!gJ'!26!$+),!%ON),C!Xš),!F;)!1;)!H[!Ff),!*.W)!=#!
,.I!),&'m)!$R$!1%5),!H[!$]6!G0$%7!4j1!"&M)!)#3!H6&!*@'!không'đúng¡!!
' A.'aW!H[!$5),!H&L1!$]6!G0$%!,.JGC!! B.'€OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!%.W&!F…),!,.JGC!!
!' C.'z.W)!R9!%.W&!F…),!12m)!1…!*.W)!1š),C!! D.'z.W)!R9!%.W&!F…),!12m)!*.W)!12N!,.JGC!!
Câu 5. !o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H63!*@'!"#!không'đúng¡!X23),!G0$%!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!4%5),!9%@)!)%R)%!16!$-!
1%(!103!26!*.W)!R9!%.W&!F…),T!!
! A.',.I6!%6.!*;&!$&+)!$JG!"/)!%v)!*.W)!R9!%.W&!F…),!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%C!!
! B.',.I6!%6.!*;&!1…!*.W)!"/)!%v)!*.W)!R9!%.W&!F…),!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%C!!
! C.',.I6!%6.!*;&!*.W)!12N!"/)!%v)!*.W)!R9!%.W&!F…),!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%C!!
! D.',.I6!%6.!*;&!1…!*.W)!AB),!*.W)!R9!%.W&!F…),!,.I6!%6.!*;&!$&+)!$JGC!!
Câu 6. !€5),!1%˜$!)#3!H6&!*@'!không#đúng!*[.!=/.!G0$%!§!E€!)[.!1.j9!¡!! !!
' A.'U!Y!U
R!
+!U
L
+
!
U
C"
B.'u!Y!u
R
+
!
u
L
+
!
u
C!
C!' C.' C!' D.' U! Y!
!
Câu 7. Œ0$%!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!,ˆG!*.W)!12N!§7!$&+)!$JG!$-!*+!1V!$JG!E!=#!*.W)!12N!2!=#!1…!*.W)!$-!*.W)!
F&),!€!*O\$!GU$!)[.!1.j9!=#3!*.W)!R9!u!YU
0
$3HqtC!Xw),!12N!$]6!*30)!G0$%!1?)%!1%u3!$5),!1%˜$T!!
¹
2
R
2
L
2
R
2
C
CLR
UUUU ++=
( )
2
CL
2
R
UUU -+
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
51
! A.! ! ! B.' ! !
C.' !D.' !
Câu 8. !X23),!G0$%!*.W)!,ˆG!§E€!GU$!)[.!1.j9C!•†.!Á!"#!1w),!12N!$]6!G0$%C!z+!"W$%!9%6!‹!,.I6!*.W)!R9!
%6.!*;&!G0$%!=#!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!123),!G0$%!*O\$!1?)%!AN.!$5),!1%˜$T!!
' A.'16)‹!Y! ! B.'16)‹!Y ! C.'16)‹Y! ! D.'16)‹!Y! !!
Câu 9. !z.:&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!đúng'4%.!)-.!=:!*30)!G0$%!g36'!$%.:&!$-!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!GU$!)[.!1.j9!=/.!
$&+)!F@'!1%&;)!$JG' !
' A.'Xw),!12N!$]6!*30)!G0$%!1?)%!AN.!Z!Y! C!!
' B.'ef),!*.W)!"&5)!)%6)%!9%6!%v)!H3!=/.!*.W)!R9!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%C!!
! C.'z.W)!)š),!1.m&!1%…!12m)!$J!*.W)!12N!=#!$&+)!F@'C!!
! D.'ef),!*.W)!1˜$!1%K.!<&6!*.W)!12N!=#!$&+)!F@'!"#!)%O!)%6&!$f)!,.R!12>!%.W&!F…),!4%R$!)%6&C!!
Câu 10. !!z81!G+1!*.W)!R9!g36'!$%.:&T!u!Y–¥n c3HQ–nn£t!+ )!Q_S!=#3!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%!g36'!$%.:&!
,ˆG!%6.!9%;)!1Š!GU$!)[.!1.j9C!l.(&!1%˜$!Ff),!*.W)!123),!G0$%!"#T!i!Y c3HQ–nn£t!+ SQhSC!z30)!
G0$%!)#'$-!1%(!,ˆG!)%I),!".)%!4.W)T!
' A.'*.W)!12N!1%&;)!=#!$&+)!F@'!1%&;)!$JGC!! B.'*.W)!12N!1%&;)!=#!1…!*.W)C!!
!' C.'*.W)!12N!1%&;)7!$&+)!F@'!=#!1…!*.W)C!! D.'1…!*.W)!=#!$&+)!F@'!1%&;)!$JGC!!
Câu 11. !!z.W)!R9!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%!,ˆG!%6.!9%;)!1Š!GU$!)[.!1.j9!12”!9%6!£d•!H3!=/.!Ff),!*.W)!
123),!G0$%C!a6.!9%;)!1Š!*-!"#T!!
' A.'§!=#!EC!! ! B.'§!=#!€C!
' C.'E!=#!€! ! D.' a6.!9%;)!1Š!*:&!"#!*.W)!12N!!
Câu 12. !z.:&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!đúng!4%.!)-.!=:!G0$%!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!$-!1…!*.W)!GU$!)[.!1.j9!=/.!$&+)!
$JG!1%&;)¡!!
A.'z+!"W$%!9%6!,.I6!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%!=#!Ff),!*.W)!123),!G0$%!"#!‹! πdcC!!
! B.'z.W)!R9!,.I6!%6.!*;&!$&+)!F@'!$t),!9%6!=/.!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!%6.!*;&!1…!*.W)C!!
! C.'aW!H[!$5),!H&L1!%6.!*;&!G0$%!"#!$3H‹Y–C!! !
' D.'z30)!G0$%!4%5),!1.m&!1%…!*.W)!)š),!!
Câu 13. !o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!sai!¡z[.!=/.!G0$%!§E€!GU$!)[.!1.j97!16!"&5)!1%L'!
' A.'*+!1V!$JG!E!1š),!1%^!$JG!4%R),!$]6!$&+)!F@'!,.JGC!!
' B.'*.W)!12N!§!1š),!1%^!1w),!12N!$]6!*30)!G0$%!1š),C!!
!' C.'$JG!4%R),!AB),!F&),!4%R),!1%^!1w),!12N!$]6!*30)!G0$%!AB),!§C!!
' D.'*.W)!F&),!€!$]6!1…!*.W)!1š),!1%^!F&),!4%R),!$]6!*30)!G0$%!,.JGC!!
Câu 14. !o%R1! A.(&! )#3! H6&! *@'! "#! sai! 4%.! 123),! G0$%! §E€! GU$! )[.! 1.j9! gJ'! 26! $+),! %ON),! *.W)! ¡
' A.'€OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!%.W&!F…),!<&6!G0$%!$-!,.R!12>!$V$!*0.C!!
! B.'€OK),!*+!Ff),!<&6!G0$%!$t),!9%6!=/.!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!%6.!*;&!G0$%C!!
! C.'z.W)!R9!%.W&!F…),!,.I6!%6.!*;&!1…!*.W)!=#!,.I6!%6.!*;&!$&+)!$JG!$-!,.R!12>!AB),!)%6&C!!
! D.'€OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!%.W&!F…),!123),!G0$%!$-!,.R!12>!4%5),!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!*.W)!12N!§C!!
Câu 15. !!Œ+1!*30)!G0$%!RLCC!z81!=#3!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%!G+1!*.W)!R9!g36'!$%.:&!u!YU
0
$3HqtC!l.(&!
1%˜$!)#3!H6&!*@'!*›),!$%3!12OK),!%\9!$-!$+),!%ON),!*.W)!¡!!
' A.'ωLC!=!–!! B.'q
2
LC!Y–!! C.'qLC!Y!R
2
!! D.'RLC!Yq!!
2
2
C
1
LRZ
÷
ø
ö
ç
è
æ
w
-w+=
2
22
C
1
LrRZ
÷
ø
ö
ç
è
æ
w
-w++=
2
2
C
1
L)rR(Z
÷
ø
ö
ç
è
æ
w
-w++=
( )
2
2
2
C
1
rLRZ
÷
ø
ö
ç
è
æ
w
++w+=
R
ZZ
CL
-
R
ZZ
LC
-
LC
ZZ
R
-
CL
ZZ
R
-
( )
2
2
LR w+
2
2
p
2
2
p
¹
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
52
Câu 16. !Qa.(&S!z30)!G0$%!§E€!GU$!)[.!1.j9C!l.j1!2B),!U
L!
Y!Ì
C
dcC!œ3!=/.!Ff),!*.W)!.!1%^!*.W)!R9!&!N!%6.!
*;&!G0$%!H“T!!
' A.'$t),!9%6C!! B.'H/G!9%6C!! C.'12”!9%6C!! D.'=&5),!9%6C!!
Câu 17. e&),!4%R),!$]6!G+1!G0$%!*.W)!§!·!E!·!€!GU$!)[.!1.j9!*6),!$-!,.R!12>!)%¢!%v)!$JG!4%R),C!
Œ&[)!gJ'!26!%.W)!1O\),!$+),!%ON),!*.W)!123),!G0$%7!16!9%J.!!
' A.'1š),!*.W)!F&),!$]6!1…!*.W)C!' B.'1š),!%W!H[!1V!$JG!$]6!$&+)!F@'C!!
!' C.'•.JG!*.W)!12N!$]6!G0$%C!! D.'•.JG!1;)!H[!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&C!!
Câu 18. !!p%.!*.W)!R9!g36'!$%.:&!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%!§E€!GU$!)[.!1.j9!H/G!9%6!πd•!*[.!=/.!Ff),!
*.W)!123),!G0$%!•!1%^!
' A.'1;)!H[!$]6!Ff),!*.W)!123),!G0$%!)%¢!%v)!,.R!12>!$;)!gJ'!26!%.W)!1O\),!$+),!%ON),C!!
! B.'1w),!12N!$]6!G0$%!AB),!%6.!";)!1%#)%!9%;)!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!§!$]6!G0$%C!!
C.'%.W&!H[!,.I6!$JG!4%R),!=#!F&),!4%R),!AB),!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!$]6!G0$%C!!
D.'*.W)!R9!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*.W)!12N!H/G!9%6!πd•!H3!=/.!*.W)!R9!,.I6!%6.!*;&!1…!*.W)C!!
Câu 19. !!p%.!gJ'!26!$+),!%ON),!*.W)!123),!G0$%!§7!E7!€!GU$!)[.!1.j9!1%^!!
! A.'*.W)!R9!1˜$!1%K.!,.I6!%6.!*;&!$&+)!F@'!=#!,.I6!%6.!AJ)!1…!$-!A.m)!*+!AB),!)%6&!)%O),!),O\$!
9%6!)%6&C!!
! B.'$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!123),!G0$%!4%5),!9%…!1%&+$!*.W)!12N!§C!!
! C.'$5),!H&L1!1.m&!1%…!$]6!G0$%!*01!,.R!12>!)%¢!)%L1C!!
' D.'%W!H[!$5),!H&L1!$]6!G0$%!9%…!1%&+$!*.W)!12N!§C!!
Câu 20. !!X2m)!G+1!*30)!G0$%!§7!E7!€!GU$!)[.!1.j9!)j&!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!12”!9%6!H3!=/.!*.W)!R9!,.I6!
%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%!1%^!16!4m1!"&M)!*O\$!"#!!
' A.'*30)!G0$%!$-!*.W)!12N!=#!1…!*.W)C!! !
! B.'*30)!G0$%!$-!$JG!4%R),!"/)!%v)!F&),!4%R),C!!
!' C.'*30)!G0$%!$%•!$-!1…!*.W)C!!
' D.'*30)!G0$%!4%5),!1%(!$-!1…!*.W)C!!
Câu 21. !!o%R1!A.(&!)#3!FO/.!*@'!4%5),!đúng!*[.!=/.!*30)!G0$%!§7!E7!€!GU$!)[.!1.j9!*6),!gJ'!26!$+),!
%ON),!*.W)!¡!
' A.'aW!H[!$5),!H&L1!$]6!*30)!G0$%!$V$!*0.C!! !
! B.'€OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!%.W&!F…),!*01!,.R!12>!$V$!*0.C!!
C.'z.W)!R9!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*.W)!12N!H/G!9%6!πdc!H3!=/.!*.W)!R9!,.I6!%6.!*;&!$&+)!F@'C!!
! D.'€JG!4%R),!$]6!$&+)!F@'!AB),!F&),!4%R),!$]6!1…!*.W)C!!
Câu 22. !X23),!*30)!G0$%!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!,ˆG!*.W)!12N!1%&;)7!$&+)!$JG!1%&;)!=#!1…!*.W)!GU$!)[.!1.j9!
=/.!q
2
LC!! –!1%^T!!
! A.'*.W)!R9!,.I6!%6.!*;&!1…!*.W)!),O\$!9%6!=/.!*.W)!R9!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%C!!
! B.'*.W)!R9!,.I6!%6.!*;&!$&+)!$JG!$t),!9%6!=/.!*.W)!R9!,.I6!%6.!*;&!1…!*.W)C!!
! C.'*.W)!R9!,.I6!%6.!*;&!1…!*.W)!12”!9%6!H3!=/.!*.W)!R9!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%C!!
! D.'*.W)!R9!,.I6!%6.!*;&!$&+)!$JG!12”!9%6!H3!=/.!*.W)!R9!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%C!!
Câu 23. !!z81!*.W)!R9!&YÌ
0
$3Hq1!$-!q!1%6'!*w.!*O\$!=#3!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%!,ˆG!$&+)!$JG!1%&;)!$-!*+!
1V!$JG!E7!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!§!=#!1…!*.W)!$-!*.W)!F&),!€!GU$!)[.!1.j9C!p%.!q
2
LC!ƒ!–!1%^!!
! A.'*.W)!R9!%.W&!F&),!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!§!AB),!*.W)!R9!%.W&!F…),!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*30)!
G0$%C!!
! B.'*.W)!R9!%.W&!F…),!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!§!)%¢!%v)!*.W)!R9!%.W&!F…),!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*30)!
G0$%C!!
! C.'$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!123),!*30)!G0$%!12”!9%6!H3!=/.!*.W)!R9!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%C!!
! D.'$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!123),!*30)!G0$%!$t),!9%6!=/.!*.W)!R9!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%C!!
Câu 24. !€5),!H&L1!13J!)%.W1!12&),!A^)%!$]6!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!4%5),!*O\$!1?)%!1%u3!$5),!1%˜$!)#3!
H6&!*@'¡!!
¹
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
53
' A.'P!=!!UI' B.'P!=!I
2
R' C.'o!Y!ÌC-C$3H‹!! D.'PY !!
Câu 25. !!Œ0$%!*.W)!)#3!H6&!F@'!$-!%W!H[!$5),!H&L1!"/)!)%L1¡!!
A. z.W)!12N!1%&;)!§
1
!)[.!1.j9!=/.!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!§
2
C!
B.'z.W)!12N!1%&;)!§!)[.!1.j9!=/.!$&+)!$JG!EC!!
!' C.'z.W)!12N!1%&;)!§!)[.!1.j9!=/.!1…!*.W)!€C!
' D.'€&+)!$JG!E!)[.!1.j9!=/.!1…!*.W)!€C'!
Câu 26. !!Œ0$%!*.W)!)#3!H6&!*@'!$-!%W!H[!$5),!H&L1!)%¢!)%L1!¡!!
' A.'z.W)!12N!1%&;)!§
1
!)[.!1.j9!=/.!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!§
2
C!!
' B.'z.W)!12N!1%&;)!§!)[.!1.j9!=/.!$&+)!$JG!E!!
!' C.'z.W)!12N!1%&;)!§!)[.!1.j9!=/.!1…!*.W)!€C!
' D.'€&+)!$JG!E!)[.!1.j9!=/.!1…!*.W)!€C'!
Câu 27. !!X23),!G+1!*30)!G0$%!g36'!$%.:&7!%W!H[!$5),!H&L1!AB),!–!4%.!!
' A.'z30)!G0$%!4%5),!$-!*.W)!12N!1%&;)C!!
' B.'z30)!G0$%!4%5),!$-!1…!*.W)C!!
! C.'z30)!G0$%!4%5),!$-!$&+)!$JG!1%&;)C!!
! D.'X23),!*30)!G0$%!$%•!$-!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!%38$!$-!HV!$+),!%ON),!*.W)C!!
Câu 28. !€OK),!*+!%.W&!F…),!$]6!Ff),!*.W)!$%0'!12m)!*30)!G0$%!§E€!)[.!1.j9!4%5),!$-!1?)%!$%L1!)#3!
FO/.!*@'C!!
' A.'p%5),!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!$%&!4‘!Ff),!*.W)C!! !
' B.'X•!"W!1%&M)!=/.!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!N!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%C!!
!' C.'o%…!1%&+$!=#3!1;)!H[!Ff),!*.W)C!! !
' D.'X•!"W!),%>$%!=/.!1w),!12N!$]6!*30)!G0$%C!!
Câu 29. !e&),!4%R),!$]6!G+1!*30)!G0$%!§E€!)[.!1.j9!$-!,.R!12>!)%¢!%v)!$JG!4%R),C!X6!"#G!1%6'!*w.!
$%•!G+1!123),!$R$!1%5),!H[!$]6!*30)!G0$%!AB),!$R$%!)m&!H6&!*@'C!€R$%!)#3!$-!1%(!"#G!$%3!%.W)!1O\),!
$+),!%ON),!*.W)!gJ'!26C!!
' A.'Xš),!*.W)!F&),!$]6!1…!*.W)C!' B.'Xš),!%W!H[!1V!$JG!$]6!$&+)!F@'C!! !!
!' C.'•.JG!*.W)!12N!$]6!*30)!G0$%C!! D.'•.JG!1;)!H[!Ff),!*.W)C!!
Câu 30. !!Œ+1!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!§!GU$!=#3!G0$%!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!1;)!H[!Ÿnab7!G&[)!Ff),!*.W)!123),!G0$%!
H/G!9%6!%v)!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%!G+1!,-$!£dc!!
! A.'),OK.!16!9%J.!GU$!1%mG!=#3!G0$%!G+1!1…!*.W)!)[.!1.j9!=/.!*.W)!12NC!!
! B.'),OK.!16!9%J.!GU$!1%mG!=#3!G0$%!G+1!$&+)!$JG!)[.!1.j9!=/.!*.W)!12NC!!
! C.'),OK.!16!9%J.!1%6'!*.W)!12N!)-.!12m)!AB),!G+1!1…!*.W)C!!
' D.'),OK.!16!9%J.!1%6'!*.W)!12N!)-.!12m)!AB),!G+1!$&+)!$JGC!
Câu 31. !!z30)! G0$%! §E€! )[.! 1.j9! *6),! gJ'! 26! $+),! %ON),C! Xš),! F;)! 1;)! H[! $]6! Ff),! *.W)! =#! ,.I!
),&'m)!$R$!1%5),!H[!4%R$!$]6!G0$%7!4j1!"&M)!)#3!FO/.!*@'!4%5),!*›),C!!
! A.'€OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!,.JG7!$JG!4%R),!$]6!$&+)!F@'!1š),C!!
! B.'€JG!4%R),!$]6!$&+)!F@'!1š),7!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!12m)!$&+)!F@'!4%5),!*w.C!!
! C.'a.W&!*.W)!1%j!12m)!1…!,.JGC!! !
' D.'a.W&!*.W)!1%j!12m)!*.W)!12N!,.JGC!!
Câu 32. !o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!4%5),!*›),C!X23),!G0$%!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!4%5),!9%@)!)%R)%!4%.!*.W)!
F&),!$]6!1…!*.W)!1%6'!*w.!=#!1%3J!Gž)!*.:&!4.W)!f!= !1%^!!
' A.'$OK),!*+!F63!*+),!$t),!9%6!=/.!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%C!!
! B.'$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!%.W&!F…),!123),!G0$%!*01!$V$!*0.C!!
! C.'$5),!H&L1!1.m&!1%…!12&),!A^)%!123),!G0$%!*01!$V$!*0.C!!
( )
R
cosU
2
j
LC2
1
p
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
54
' D.'%.W&!*.W)!1%j!%.W&!F…),!,.I6!%6.!*;&!1…!*.W)!*01!$V$!*0.C!
Câu 33. !X23),!*30)!G0$%!§E€7!GU$!)[.!1.j9!*6),!gJ'!26!%.W)!1O\),!$+),!%ON),C!Xš),!F;)!1;)!H[!Ff),!
*.W)!=#!,.I6!),&'m)!$R$!1%5),!H[!$]6!G0$%7!4j1!"&M)!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!không'đúng.!!
' A.'aW!H[!$5),!H&L1!$]6!*30)!G0$%!,.JGC!! !
' B.'€OK),!*+!%.W&!F…),!$]6!Ff),!*.W)!,.JGC!!
C.'a.W&!*.W)!1%j!%.W&!F…),!12m)!1…!*.W)!1š),C!! !
' D.'a.m&!*.W)!1%j!%.W&!F…),!12m)!*.W)!12N!,.JGC!!
Câu 34. !!o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!không'đúng.!X23),!G0$%!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!4%5),!9%@)!)%R)%!16!$-!
1%(!103!26!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!%.W&!F…),!,.I6!%6.!*;&T!!
! A.'$&+)!$JG!"/)!%v)!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!%.W&!F…),!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%C!!
! B.'1…!*.W)!"/)!%v)!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!%.W&!F…),!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%C!!
! C.'*.W)!12N!"/)!%v)!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!%.W&!F…),!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%C!!
! D.'1…!*.W)!AB),!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!%.W&!F…),!,.I6!%6.!*;&!$&+)!$JGC!!
Câu 35. !!Œ0$%!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!§E€!GU$!)[.!1.j9!*6),!$-!1?)%!$JG!4%R),7!4%.!1š),!1;)!H[!$]6!Ff),!*.W)!
g36'!$%.:&!1%^!%W!H[!$5),!H&L1!$]6!G0$%!!
' A.'4%5),!1%6'!*w.C!! B.'1š),C!! C.',.JGC!! D.'AB),!–C!!
Câu 36. !!Œ0$%!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!§E€!GU$!)[.!1.j9!*6),!$-!1?)%!F&),!4%R),7!4%.!1š),!1;)!H[!$]6!Ff),!
*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!1%^!%W!H[!$5),!H&L1!$]6!G0$%T!!
' A.'4%5),!1%6'!*w.C!! B.'1š),C!! C.',.JGC!! D.'AB),!nC!!
Câu 37. !z30)!G0$%!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!,ˆG!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!§7!$&+)!F@'!1%&;)!$JG!E!=#!1…!*.W)!€!GU$!)[.!
1.j9C!p?!%.W&!&
R
7!&
L
7!&
C!
1Ov),!˜),!"#!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!1˜$!1%K.!N!%6.!*;&!$R$!9%;)!1Š!§7!E!=#!!€C'{&6)!%W!=:!
9%6!$]6!$R$!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!)#'!"#!
' A.'&
R!
12”!9%6!£dc!H3!=/.!&
C!!
B.'&
C!
12”!9%6!£!H3!=/.!&
L
!!
' C.'&
L!
H/G!9%6!£dc!H3!=/.!&
C!
' D.'&
R!
H/G!9%6!£dc!H3!=/.!&
L
!!
Câu 38. !z81!=#3!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%!§E€!4%5),!9%@)!)%R)%!G+1!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!g36'!$%.:&!&YÌ
0
H.)q1C!
p?!%.W&!Ì
R
7!Ì
L
7!Ì
C!
1Ov),!˜),!"#!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!%.W&!F…),!N!%6.!*;&!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!§7!$&+)!F@'!1%&;)!
$JG!E!=#!1…!*.W)!€C'Zj&!Ì
R
!Y!Ì
L
dcY!Ì
C!
1%^!Ff),!*.W)!<&6!*30)!G0$%!!
' A.'12”!9%6!£dc!H3!=/.!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!N!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%C!!
' B.'12”!9%6!£d•!H3!=/.!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!N!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%C!!
!' C.'H/G!9%6!£dc!H3!=/.!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!N!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%C!!
' D.'H/G!9%6!£d•!H3!=/.!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!N!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%C!!
Câu 39. !X23),!G+1!*30)!G0$%!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!4%5),!9%@)!)%R)%7!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!H/G!9%6!‹!Qn!
ƒ!‹!ƒ!£dcS!H3!=/.!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!N!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%C!z30)!G0$%!*-!!
' A.',ˆG!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!=#!1…!*.W)C!! B.'$%•!$-!$&+)!$JGC!!
!' C.',ˆG!$&+)!1%&;)!$JG!=#!1…!*.W)C!! D.',ˆG!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!=#!$&+)!1%&;)!$JGC!!
Câu 40. !z81!*.W)!R9!g36'!$%.:&!&!Y!Ì
0
$3Hc£`17!$-!Ì
0
!4%5),!*w.!=#!`!1%6'!*w.!*O\$!=#3!%6.!*;&!*30)!
G0$%!$-!§7!E7!€!GU$!)[.!1.j9C!p%.!Ñ!Y!Ñ
0!
1%^!123),!*30)!G0$%!$-!$+),!%ON),!*.W)C!•.R!12>!$]6!Ñ
0!
"#!!
! ' A.' ' B.' ! C.' ! D.' !
Câu 41. !!z30)!G0$%!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!4%5),!9%@)!)%R)%!,ˆG!$&+)!F@'!$-!*+!1V!$JG!E7!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!
§!=#!1…!*.W)!$-!*.W)!F&),!€C'p%.!Ff),!*.W)!$-!1;)!H[!,-$!ω
2
LC!=!–$%0'!<&6!*30)!G0$%!1%^!%W!H[!$5),!
H&L1!$]6!*30)!G0$%!)#'!
' A.'9%…!1%&+$!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!$]6!*30)!G0$%C!! B.'AB),!nC!!
!' C.'9%…!1%&+$!1w),!12N!$]6!*30)!G0$%C!! D.'AB),!–C!!
Câu 42. !z81!*.W)!R9!&!Y!Ì
0
$3HQq1S!=#3!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%!,ˆG!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!§!=#!1…!*.W)!€!GU$!)[.!
1.j9C!l.j1!*.W)!R9!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!=#!*.W)!R9!,.I6!%6.!AJ)!1…!*.W)!$-!,.R!12>!%.W&!F…),!AB),!
)%6&C!o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!H6.C!
LC
2
LC
2p
LC
1
LC2
1
p
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
55
' A.'€OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!<&6!G0$%!12”!9%6!£dŽ!H3!=/.!*.W)!R9!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%C!!
! B.'z.W)!R9!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!H/G!9%6!£d•!H3!=/.!*.W)!R9!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%C!!
! C.'€OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!<&6!G0$%!H/G!9%6!£d•!H3!=/.!*.W)!R9!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%C!!
! D.'z.W)!R9!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!12”!9%6!£d•!H3!=/.!*.W)!R9!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%C!!
Câu 43. €%3!*30)!G0$%!,ˆG!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!§!)[.!1.j9!=/.!1…!*.W)!$-!*.W)!F&),!€C'p%.!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!
$%.:&!$-!1;)!H[!,-$!q!$%0'!<&6!1%^!1w),!12N!$]6!*30)!G0$%!"#!!
' A.' ! B.' ' C.' ' D.' !
Câu 44. !!z81!*.W)!R9!g36'!$%.:&!&!Y!Ì
0
$3Hq1!$-!Ì
0
!4%5),!*w.!=#!q!1%6'!*w.!*O\$!=#3!%6.!*;&!*30)!
G0$%!$-!§7!E7!€!GU$!)[.!1.j9C!X%6'!*w.!q!1%^!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!%.W&!F…),!123),!G0$%!4%.!q!Y!q
1
!
AB),!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!%.W&!F…),!123),!G0$%!4%.!q!Y!q
2
C!aW!1%˜$!đúng'"#!!
! A.'q
1
q
2!
Y ! B.'q
1!
Dq
2!
Y! ! C.'q
1
q
2!
Y ! D.' q
1!
Dq
2!
Y
! !!
Câu 45. !X23),!*30)!G0$%!g36'!$%.:&!4%5),!9%@)!)%R)%7!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!)%6)%!9%6!H3!=/.!%.W&!
*.W)!1%jC!z.:&!4%}),!*>)%!)#3!H6&!*@'!đúng:!!
' A.'z30)!G0$%!$%•!$-!$&+)!$JG!E!! B.'z30)!G0$%!,ˆG!§!=#!€!!
!' C.'z30)!G0$%!,ˆG!E!=#!€!! D.'z30)!G0$%!,ˆG!§!=#!E!!
Câu 46. !X23),!*30)!G0$%!g36'!$%.:&!§E€!)[.!1.j97!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!$%0'!<&6!G0$%!H/G!9%6!%v)!
%.W&!*.W)!1%j!N!%6.!*;&!G0$%!4%.!!
' A.'Á!Y!§!! B.'Á
L!
„!Á
C!!
C.'Á
L!
ƒ!Á
C!!
D.'Á
L
Y!§!!
Câu 47. !X23),!*30)!G0$%!g36'!$%.:&!§E€!)[.!1.j97!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!N!%6.!*;&!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!§!$t),!9%6!
=/.!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!N!%6.!*;&!G0$%!4%.!!
' A.'Á
L
Y!Á
C!!
B.'Á
L!
„!Á
C!!
C.'Á
L
ƒ!Á
C!!
D.'Á
L
Y!§!!
Câu 48. !X23),!*30)!G0$%!g36'!$%.:&!$-!$R$!9%;)!1Š!GU$!)[.!1.j97!)j&!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!.!=&5),!9%6!
=/.!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!&!1%^!123),!G0$%T!!
' A.'4%5),!$-!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!§C!' B.'4%5),!$-!$&+)!$JG!EC!!
' C.'4%5),!$-!1…!*.W)!€C! '' D.'$%•!$-!$&+)!$JG!EC!
Câu 49. !Œ+1! $&+)! F@'! $-! *.W)! 12N! 1%&;)! §7! %W! H[! 1V! $JG! E! GU$! =#3! %.W&! *.W)! 1%j! g36'! $%.:&! &! Y!
Ì
0
$3Hq1C!€OK),!*+!%.W&!F…),!$]6!Ff),!*.W)!<&6!$&+)!F@'!*O\$!gR$!*>)%!AB),!%W!1%˜$!)#3¡!!
! A.' ' B.' ' C. ' D. !
Câu 50. !€%†)!$@&!H6.!123),!$R$!$@&!H6&TŒ+1!*30)!G0$%!$-!A6!1%#)%!9%;)!§7!E7!€!GU$!)[.!1.j9!)%6&7!
GU$!=#3!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!g36'!$%.:&!&!Y!Ì
0
$3Hq1!4%.!$-!$+),!%ON),!1%^T!!
' A.'E€q
2
!Y–!! B.'R!Y! C.'i!
=!
! D.'Ì
R
!Y!Ì
C
!!
Câu 51. !€%3!*30)!G0$%!,ˆG!$&+)!F@'!1%&;)!$JG!E!,%‡9!)[.!1.j9!=/.!1…!*.W)!€C'X;)!H[!,-$!$]6!%.W&!
*.W)!1%j!*81!=#3!c!*;&!G0$%!"#!qC!z.:&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!sai?!!
' A.'Œ0$%!4%5),!1.m&!1%…!$5),!H&L1!!
' B.'Xw),!12N!$]6!*30)!G0$%T!Á!Y! !
' C.'Xw),!12N!$]6!*30)!G0$%!Á!Y!Lq!s! )j&!E€q
2
!„!–!
! D.' aW! H[! $5),! H&L1! $]6!! *30)G0$%!AB),!–!' !
2
2
C
1
R
÷
ø
ö
ç
è
æ
w
+
2
2
C
1
R
÷
ø
ö
ç
è
æ
w
-
( )
2
2
CR w+
( )
2
2
CR w-
LC
1
LC
2
LC
1
LC
2
222
0
LR
U
I
w+
=
LR
U
I
w+
=
222
LR
U
I
w+
=
LRUI
22
w+=
2
2
C
1
LR
÷
ø
ö
ç
è
æ
w
-w+
tcos
R
U
0
w
w
-w
C
1
L
wC
1
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
56
Câu 52. !€%†)!$@&!đúngC!Œ+1!*†6)!G0$%!,ˆG!G+1!$&+)!$JG!1%&;)!E!)[.!1.j9!=/.!G+1!1…!*.W)!*.W)!F&),!
€C'z81!=#3!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%!G+1!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!g36'!$%.:&!&!Y!Ì
0
$3Hq1C!€OK),!*+!%.W&!F…),!$]6!
Ff),!*.W)!<&6!G0$%!*O\$!gR$!*>)%!AB),!%W!1%˜$!H6&!*@'T!
A.' ! B. ' C. ' D. !
Câu 53. !Œ0$%!*.W)!§E€!GU$!)[.!1.j97!*81!=#3!G0$%!G+1!*.W)!R9!g36'!$%.:&!$-!1;)!H[!`!1%^!*.W)!R9!Ì
R
!Y!
Ì
L!
Y! Ì
C
C!z.W)!R9!%.W&!F…),!%6.!*;&!G0$%!"#!!
' A.'Ì!Y!Ì
R
!! B.'Ì!Y!cÌ
R!!
C.'Ì!Y!Ì
R
' D.'Ì!Y! Ì
R
!!
Câu 54. !€%3!G0$%!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!)%O!%^)%!=“C!Z,&ˆ)!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!
*81!=#3!%6.!*;&!Œ7ZC!a¢.!$R$!,.R!12>!§
1
7!§
2
7!€
1
7!€
2!
9%J.!1%¢6!Gž)!*.:&!4.W)!
)#3!FO/.!*@'!*(!&
MB!
*ˆ),!9%6!=/.!&
AM!
!
! A.' ' B.' ' C.' ! D.'
!
!!
Câu 55. !Œ0$%!g36'!$%.:&!,ˆG!§7!E7!€!)[.!1.j9!$-!Ì
0L!
Y!cÌ
0C
C
#
œ3!=/.!Ff),!*.W)7!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!,.I6!%6.!*;&!
*30)!G0$%!H“!!
' A.'H/G!9%6!%v)C!! ! B.'12”!9%6!%v)CC!!
! C.'$t),!9%6C!' ' D.'$-!9%6!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!§C!!
Câu 56. !Œ0$%!§E€!)[.!1.j9!$-!E!1%6'!*w.!*O\$!&!YÌ
0
$3HQq1!D‹S!w)!*>)%C!p%.!o!$V$!*0.!1%^!E!$-!,.R!12>!!
' A.'L= !! B.'L=! ! C.'E!Y!n!! D.'L= !!
Câu 57. !Q€zcn–•S!z81!*.W)!R9!&!Y!Ì
0!
cosq1!=#3!%6.!*;&!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!§C!X0.!1%K.!*.(G!*.W)!R9!,.I6!
%6.!*;&!§!$-!,.R!12>!$V$!*0.!1%^!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!<&6!§!AB),!!
' A.' ' B. ' C. ' D.'n!
Câu 58. !z30)!G0$%!g36'!$%.:&!,ˆG!$&+)!F@'!1%&;)!$JG!E!GU$!)[.!1.j9!=/.!*.W)!12N!§C!a.W&!*.W)!1%j!
%.W&!F…),!%6.!*;&!G0$%w!)!*>)%!"#!Ì!=#!1;)!H[!Ff),!*.W)!"#!`C!p%.!$%3!§!A.j)!1%.m)!16!)%M)!1%L'!$-!%6.!
,.R!12>!$]6!§!G#!"#!$%3!*+!"#!9%6!,.I6!&!=#!Ff),!*.W)!.!"#!‹
1
!=#!‹
2
!1%¢6!Gž)!*.:&!4.W)!‹
1
!D!‹
2
!Y!πdcC!
z+!1V!$JG!E!$]6!$&+)!F@'!*O\$!gR$!*>)%!AN.T!!
' A.'L!Y! ! B.'L!Y! !! C.'L!Y! ' D.'L!Y! !
Câu 59. !a6.!$&+)!F@'!§
1
7!E
1
!=#!§
2
7!E
2
!GU$!)[.!1.j9!)%6&!=#!*81!=#3!G+1!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!g36'!$%.:&!$-!,.R!
12>T!%.W&!F…),!ÌC!•†.!Ì
1
!=#!Ì
2
!"#!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!%.W&!F…),!1Ov),!˜),!,.I6!%6.!$&+)!§
1
7!E
1
!=#!§
2
7!E
2
C!z.:&!
4.W)!*(!Ì!Y!Ì
1
!DÌ
2
T!!
! A.' ! B.' ' C.'E
1
E
2
!Y!§
1
§
2!!
D.'E
1
D!E
2
!Y!§
1!
D!§
2!
!
Câu 60. !Œ0$%!*.W)!)[.!1.j9!,ˆG!§7!$&+)!F@'!1%&;)!$JG7!*+!1V!$JG!E!1%6'!*w.!=#!1…!*.W)!€C'a.W&!*.W)!
1%j!%6.!*;&!"#!Ì!w)!*>)%7!1;)!H[!`C!p%.!Ì
L!
$V$!*0.7!$JG!4%R),!Á
L!
$-!,.R!12>T!!
' A.'lB),!Á
C
!' B.'Á
L!
Y!§!D!Á
C
!! C.'Z
L
!Y! ! D.'Z
L
!Y! !
Câu 61. !Œ0$%!*.W)!)[.!1.j9!,ˆG!§7!$&+)!F@'!1%&;)!$JG!=#!1…!*.W)!$-!*.W)!F&),!$]6!1…$!1%6'!*w.C!a.W&!
*.W)!1%j!%6.!*;&!"#!Ì!w)!*>)%7!1;)!H[!`C!p%.!Ì
L!
$V$!*0.7!F&),!4%R),!Á
C!
$-!,.R!12>T!!
2
CL
U
I
222
w+w
=
22
22
0
C
1
L
U
I
w
+w
=
CL2
U
I
0
w-w
=
( )
2
0
CL2
U
I
w-w
=
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
C
C
R
R
=
1
2
2
1
C
C
R
R
=
21
1
2
1
CC
C
R
R
+
=
1
21
2
1
C
CC
R
R +
=
2
C
1
w
2
C
2
w
2
C2
1
w
R
U
0
R2
2U
0
R2
U
0
f2
RR
21
p
f2
RR
21
p
f2
RR
21
p
-
f2
RR
21
p
+
2
2
1
1
R
L
R
L
=
1
1
1
1
R
L
R
L
=
C
2
C
2
Z
ZR +
R
ZR
2
C
2
+
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
57
' A.'Á
C
!Y ' B.'Á
C
!Y!Z
L!
C.' !! D.'Z
C
!Y! '
Câu 62. !€%3!G0$%!*.W)!,ˆG!G+1!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!§7!G+1!$&+)!F@'!$-!*+!1V!$JG!E7!*.W)!12N!27!1…!*.W)!$-!
*.W)!F&),!$-!1%(!A.j)!*w.!*O\$C!z.:&!$%•)%!*.W)!F&),!€!H63!$%3!Ì
C!
*01!,.R!12>!$V$!*0.C!•.R!12>!$]6!Á
C!
"›$!
*-!"#T!!
A.'Z
C!
!Y! ' B.'Z
C
!Y! ' C.'Á
C
!Y! ' D.'Z
C
!=!Z
L
!!
Câu 63. !z81!G+1!*.W)!R9!g36'!$%.:&!$-!,.R!12>!%.W&!F…),!Ì!=#3!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%!hl!,ˆG!$&+)!$JG!
1%&;)!$-!*+!1V!$JG!E7!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!§!=#!1…!*.W)!$-!*.W)!F&),!€!GU$!)[.!1.j9!1%u3!1%˜!1V!12m)C!•†.!Ì
L
7!
Ì
R
!=#!Ì
C!
";)!"O\1!"#!$R$!*.W)!R9!%.W&!F…),!,.I6!%6.!*;&!G•.!9%;)!1ŠC!l.j1!*.W)!R9!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*30)!
G0$%!hl!"W$%!9%6!£dc!H3!=/.!*.W)!R9!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%!Zl!Q*30)!G0$%!Zl!,ˆG!§!=#!€SC!aW!
1%˜$!)#3!FO/.!*@'!"#!đúng?!!
' A.'U
2!
YU +U +U ' B.'U !YU !DU !DU
2
!! C.'U YU !DU +U
2!
! D.'U YU !DU +U
2
!!
Câu 64. !z81!*.W)!R9!&!Y!Ì
0
$3Hq1!=#3!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%!,ˆG!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!§7!$&+)!$JG!1%&;)!$-!*+!
1V!$JG!E!=#!1…!*.W)!$-!*.W)!F&),!€!GU$!)[.!1.j9C!•†.!.!"#!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!1˜$!1%K.!123),!*30)!
G0$%i!&
1
7!&
2!
=#!&
3
!";)!"O\1!"#!*.W)!R9!1˜$!1%K.!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*.W)!12N7!,.I6!%6.!*;&!$&+)!$JG!=#!,.I6!%6.!
*;&!1…!*.W)C!aW!1%˜$!đúng!"#!!
! A.! ' B.'i!Y!u
3
q€C! C.' #' D.'
# #
Câu 65. !o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!không'đúng.''
! A.'€5),!H&L1!$]6!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!%.W&!F…),!123),!G0$%C!!
! B.'€5),!H&L1!$]6!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!%.W&!F…),!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*30)!
G0$%C!!
! C.'€5),!H&L1!$]6!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!AJ)!$%L1!$]6!G0$%!*.W)!=#!1;)!H[!Ff),!*.W)!
123),!G0$%C!!
! D.'€5),!H&L1!%63!9%?!12m)!*OK),!F@'!1J.!*.W)!4%5),!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!$%.:&!F#.!$]6!*OK),!F@'!1J.!
*.W)C!!
Câu 66. !€%†)!$@&!đúngC!€5),!H&L1!$]6!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!12m)!G+1!*30)!G0$%!§E€!)[.!1.j9!)%¢!
%v)!1?$%!Ì-!"#!F3T!
' A.'G+1!9%;)!*.W)!)š),!1.m&!1%…!123),!1…!*.W)C!!
' B.'123),!$&+)!F@'!$-!Ff),!*.W)!$JG!˜),C!!
! C.'%.W&!*.W)!1%j!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%!=#!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!"W$%!9%6!4%5),!*w.!=/.!)%6&C!!
! D.'€-!%.W)!1O\),!$+),!%ON),!*.W)!12m)!*30)!G0$%C!!
Câu 67. !€%†)!$@&!đúng.!X2m)!G+1!*30)!G0$%!g36'!$%.:&7!%W!H[!$5),!H&L1!AB),!nQ$3H!‹!Y!nS7!4%.T!!
' A.'*30)!G0$%!$%•!$%˜6!*.W)!12N!1%&;)C!! !
' B.'*30)!G0$%!$-!*.W)!12N!AB),!4%5),C!!
!' C.'*30)!G0$%!4%5),!$-!1…!*.W)C!! !
' D.'*30)!G0$%!4%5),!$-!$&+)!$JGC!!
Câu 68. !€%†)!$@&!12J!"K.!*›),C!X23),!G0$%!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!,ˆG!§7E7€!GU$!)[.!1.j9C!€%3!E7!€7!q!4%5),!
*w.C!Œ0$%!$-!1?)%!F&),!4%R),C!X%6'!*w.!§!$%3!*j)!4%.!§!Y!§
0!
1%^!o
max
C!p%.!*-!!
' A.'§
0
!Y!QÁ
L
!s!Á
C
S
2
!! B.'§
0
!Y!Á
L
!s!Á
C
!! C.'§
0
!Y!‚Á
L
!s!Á
C
‚!! D.'§
0
!Y!Á
C
s!Á
L!
!
Câu 69. !z30)!G0$%!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!,ˆG!A.j)!12N!§7!$&+)!F@'!1%&;)!$JG!$-!*+!1V!$JG!E!=#!1…!*.W)!$-!
*.W)!F&),!€!GU$!)[.!1.j9C!l.j1!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!%.W&!F…),!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%!"#!Ì7!$JG!4%R),!Á
L
7!F&),!
C
2
C
2
Z
ZR +
2
L
2
L
ZR
Z
+
R
ZR
2
L
2
+
( )
L
2
L
2
Z
ZrR ++
( )
( )
2
2
L
2
rR
ZrR
+
++
( )
2
L
2
L
2
Z
ZrR ++
2
R
2
C
2
L
2
C
2
R
2
L
2
L
2
R
2
C
2
R
2
C
2
L
2
2
C
1
LR
u
i
÷
ø
ö
ç
è
æ
w
-w+
=
R
u
i
1
=
R
u
i
1
=
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
58
4%R),!Á
C!
Q=/.!Á
C!
È!Á
L
S!=#!1;)!H[!Ff),!*.W)!123),!G0$%!4%5),!*w.C!X%6'!*w.!§!*j)!,.R!12>!§
0
!1%^!$5),!
H&L1!1.m&!1%…!$]6!*30)!G0$%!*01!,.R!12>!$V$!*0.!o
max
7!4%.!*-!!
' A.'§
0
!Y!Á
L
D!Á
C
!! B.'P
m
!=!
!
C.'P
m!
=!
!!
D.'§
0
!Y!Á
L!
s!!Á
C
!!
Câu 70. Œ+1!*30)!G0$%!,ˆG!1…!*.W)!$-!*.W)!F&),!€7!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!§7!$&+)!F@'!$-!*.W)!12N!123),!2!=#!
%W!H[!1V!$JG!E!GU$!)[.!1.j9C!p%.!*81!=#3!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!&!Y!Ì $3Hq1!_!1%^!Ff),!
*.W)!123),!G0$%!$-!,.R!12>!%.W&!F…),!"#!-C!l.j1!$JG!4%R),!=#!F&),!4%R),!123),!G0$%!"#!4%R$!)%6&C!
€5),!H&L1!1.m&!1%…!123),!*30)!G0$%!)#'!"#!!
' A.' ' B.'Q2!D!§S-
2!!
C.'-
2
§C!' D.'Ì-C!!
Câu 71. !€%3!G0$%!§E€!)[.!1.j97!$&+)!F@'!1%&;)!$JG7!§!"#!A.j)!12NC!z.W)!R9!%.W&!F…),!%6.!*;&!*30)!
G0$%!AB),!Ì!4%5),!*w.C!p%.!*.W)!12N!$]6!A.j)!12N!AB),!§
1
!=#!§
2!
),OK.!16!1%L'!$5),!H&L1!1.m&!1%…!123),!
*30)!G0$%!123),!%6.!12OK),!%\9!AB),!)%6&C!X^G!$5),!H&L1!$V$!*0.!4%.!*.W)!12N!$]6!A.j)!12N!1%6'!*w.C!!
' A.' ! B.' ! C.' ! D.' !!
Câu 72. !QXZcn–•ST!z81! *.W)!R9! g36'!$%.:&! &!Y!Ì
0
$3Hc£`1!Q_/.!Ì
0
!=#!`! 4%5),!*w.S! =#3!%6.!*;&! *30)!
G0$%!GU$!)[.!1.j9!,ˆG!A.j)!12N!§7!$&+)!$JG!1%&;)!$-!*+!1V!$JG!E!=#!1…!*.W)!$-!*.W)!F&),!€C'z.:&!
$%•)%!A.j)!12N!§!1/.!,.R!12>!§
0
!*(!$5),!H&L1!1.m&!1%…!$]6!*30)!G0$%!*01!$V$!*0.C!€OK),!*+!%.W&!F…),!
$]6!Ff),!*.W)!$%0'!<&6!G0$%!4%.!*-!AB),!
! A.! ! B.! ! C. ! D. !!
Câu 73. !Q€zcnn®S! z30)!G0$%! *.W)! g36'! $%.:&! hl!$%•! $%˜6! G+1! 123),! $R$!9%;)!1ŠT! *.W)! 12N! 1%&;)7!
$&+)!F@'!%38$!1…!*.W)C!p%.!*81!*.W)!R9!&!Y!Ì
0
$3H!Qq1!D!£d¥S!"m)!%6.!*;&!h!=#!l!1%^!Ff),!*.W)!123),!
G0$%!$-!A.(&!1%˜$!.!Y!-
0
$3HQq1!s!£dŽSC!z30)!G0$%!hl!$%˜6!!
' A.'$&+)!F@'!1%&;)!$JG!Q$JG!1%&;)SC!! B.'*.W)!12N!1%&;)C!!
!' C.'1…!*.W)C!! !! D.'$&+)!F@'!$-!*.W)!12N!1%&;)C!!
Câu 74. !Q€zcnn¤S!X23),!*30)!G0$%!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!,ˆG!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!GU$!)[.!1.j9!=/.!$&+)!$JG!
1%&;)7!H3!=/.!*.W)!R9!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%!1%^!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!123),!G0$%!$-!1%(!!
' A.'12”!9%6!π/2C' B.'H/G!9%6!πd•C!' C.'H/G!9%6!πdcC!' D.'12”!9%6!πd•!
Câu 75. !Q€zcn––S!p%.!)-.!=:!%W!H[!$5),!H&L1!c3H‹!$]6!*30)!G0$%!g36'!$%.:&7!9%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!
sai?!!
! A.!_/.!*30)!G0$%!$%•!$-!1…!*.W)!%38$!$%•!$-!$&+)!$JG!1%&;)!1%^!c3H!Yn‹!!
! B.!_/.!*30)!G0$%!$-!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!1%^!c3H‹Y–!!
! C.!_/.!*30)!G0$%!$-!§7!E7!€!GU$!)[.!1.j9!*6),!gJ'!26!$+),!%ON),!1%^!c3H!Yn‹!!
! D.!_/.!*30)!G0$%!,ˆG!1…!*.W)!=#!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!GU$!)[.!1.j9!1%^!nƒc3H‹ƒ–!!
Câu 76. !Q€zcn–cS!z81!*.W)!R9!&!Y!Ì
0
$3HQq1!D!‹S!QÌ
0
!4%5),!*w.7!q!1%6'!*w.!*O\$S!=#3!%6.!*;&!*30)!
G0$%!,ˆG!*.W)!12N!1%&;)7!$&+)!$JG!1%&;)!=#!1…!*.W)!GU$!)[.!1.j9C!z.:&!$%•)%!q!Y!q
1
!1%^!$JG!4%R),!
$]6!$&+)!$JG!1%&;)!AB),!•!";)!F&),!4%R),!$]6!1…!*.W)C!p%.!q!Y!q
2
!1%^!123),!G0$%!gJ'!26!%.W)!1O\),!
$+),!%ON),!*.W)C!aW!1%˜$!đúng!"#!!
' A.'q
1
!Y!cq
2
C!! B.'q
2
!Y!cq
1
C!' C.'q
1
!Y!•q
2
C!! D.'q
2
!Y!•q
1
C!!
Câu 77. !Q€zcn–cS!z81!*.W)!R9!g36'!$%.:&!=#3!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%!’!GU$!)[.!1.j9!$%˜6!%6.!123),!A6!
9%;)!1ŠT!*.W)!12N!1%&;)7!$&+)!$JG!1%&;)!=#!1…!*.W)C!l.j1!2B),!*.W)!R9!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%!’!"&5)!
H/G!9%6!H3!=/.!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!123),!G0$%!G+1!,-$!)%¢!%v)!πdcC!z30)!G0$%!’!$%˜6!!
' A.'$&+)!$JG!1%&;)!=#!1…!*.W)!=/.!$JG!4%R),!"/)!%v)!F&),!4%R),C!!
' B.'*.W)!12N!1%&;)!=#!1…!*.W)C!!
0
2
R2
U
C
2
L
Z
Z
2
rR
U
2
+
21
2
RR
U
+
21
2
R.R2
U
21
2
RR
U2
+
( )
21
21
2
RR4
RRU +
0
0
R2
U
0
0
R
U
0
0
R2
U
0
0
R
U2
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
59
!' C.'$&+)!$JG!1%&;)!=#!1…!*.W)!=/.!$JG!4%R),!)%¢!%v)!F&),!4%R),C!!
' D.'*.W)!12N!1%&;)!=#!$&+)!$JG!1%&;)C!!
Câu 78. !Q€zcn–cS!z81!*.W)!R9!&YU $3Hc£`1!Q123),!*-!Ì!4%5),!*w.7!`!1%6'!*w.!*O\$S!=#3!%6.!*;&!*.W)!
12N!1%&;)C!p%.!`!Y!`
1
!1%^!$5),!H&L1!1.m&!1%…!12m)!*.W)!12N!AB),!oC!p%.!`!Y!`
2
!=/.!`
2
!Y!c`
1
!1%^!$5),!H&L1!1.m&!
1%…!12m)!*.W)!12N!AB),!!
' A.' !oC!! B.'P/2C!' C.'oC' D.'co!
Câu 79. !Q€zcn–cS!z81!*.W)!R9!&!Y!Ì
0
$3HQq1!D!‹S!=#3!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%!,ˆG!*.W)!12N!1%&M)!§!=#!$&+)!
$JG!1%&;)!$-!*+!1V!$JG!E!GU$!)[.!1.j9C!aW!H[!$5),!H&L1!$]6!*30)!G0$%!"#!!
! A.! ! B.'C! ! C.'! C!! D.' '
Câu 80. Q€zcn–cS!z81!*.W)!R9!&!Y!Ì
0
$3HQq1!D!‹S!Q=/.!Ì
0
!=#!q!4%5),!*w.S!=#3!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%!,ˆG!
A.j)!12N!GU$!)[.!1.j9!=/.!$&+)!$JG!1%&;)C!z.:&!$%•)%!A.j)!12N!*(!$5),!H&L1!1¢6!)%.W1!12m)!A.j)!12N!*01!
$V$!*0.C!p%.!*-!
' A.'*.W)!R9!%.W&!F…),!,.I6!%6.!*;&!A.j)!12N!AB),!*.W)!R9!%.W&!F…),!,.I6!%6.!*;&!$&+)!$JG!1%&;)C!!
! B.'*.W)!R9!%.W&!F…),!,.I6!%6.!*;&!A.j)!12N!AB),!%6.!";)!*.W)!R9!%.W&!F…),!,.I6!%6.!*;&!$&+)!$JG!
1%&;)C!!
! C.'%W!H[!$5),!H&L1!$]6!*30)!G0$%!AB),!–C!! !
' D.'%W!H[!$5),!H&L1!$]6!*30)!G0$%!AB),!n7ŸC!!
Câu 81. !Q€zcn–cS!z81!*.W)!R9!&!Y!Ì
0
$3HQq1!D!‹S!QÌ
0
!=#!‹!4%5),!*w.S!=#3!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%!GU$!)[.!
1.j9!,ˆG!*.W)!12N!1%&;)7!1…!*.W)!=#!$&+)!$JG!1%&;)!$-!*+!1V!$JG!E!1%6'!*w.!*O\$C'p%.!E!Y!E
1
!%38$!E!Y!
E
2
!1%^!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!%.W&!F…),!123),!*30)!G81!AB),!)%6&C!z(!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!%.W&!F…),!
123),!*30)!G0$%!,.R!12>!$V$!*0.!1%^!,.R!12>!$]6!E!AB),!
! A.! ! B.! ! C.! ! D.!cQE
1
DE
2
S!
Câu 82. !Qzacn––S!z81!*.W)!R9!g36'!$%.:&!&!Y!Ì
0
$3Hq1!QÌ
0
!4%5),!*w.!=#!q!1%6'!*w.!*O\$S!=#3!%6.!*;&!
*30)!G0$%!,ˆG!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!§7!$&+)!$#G!1%&;)!$-!*+!1V!$JG!E!=#!1…!*.W)!$-!*.W)!F&),!€!GU$!)[.!
1.j97!=/.!ۤ
2
ƒ!cEC!p%.!q!Y!q
1
!%38$!q!Y!q
2
!1%^!*.W)!R9!%.W&!F…),!,.I6!%6.!AJ)!1…!*.W)!$-!$t),!G+1!,.R!
12>C!p%.!q!Y!q
0
!1%^!*.W)!R9!%.W&!F…),!,.I6!%6.!AJ)!1…!*.W)!*01!$V$!*0.C!aW!1%˜$!".m)!%W!,.I6!q
1
7!q
2
!=#!
q
0
!"#!!
' A.'q
0
!Y! ! B.'q !Y! ! C.'q!Y ! D.' !!
Câu 83. Qzacn–cS!z81!*.W)!R9!g36'!$%.:&!&!Y!Ì
0
$3Hq1!QÌ
0
!4%5),!*w.7!q!1%6'!*w.!*O\$S!=#3!%6.!*;&!
*30)!G0$%!$-!§7!E7!€!GU$!)[.!1.j9C!p%.!q!Y!q
1
!1%^!$JG!4%R),!=#!F&),!4%R),!$]6!*30)!G0$%!";)!"O\1!"#!
Á
1L
!=#!Á
1C
C!p%.!q!Y!q
2
!1%^!123),!*30)!G0$%!gJ'!26!%.W)!1O\),!$+),!%ON),C!aW!1%˜$!*›),!"#!!
! A.!ω
1
!Y!ω
2
! ! B.!ω
1
!Y!ω
2
!
! C.!ω
1
!Y!ω
2
! ! D.'ω
1
!Y!ω
2
!
Câu 84. !Qzacn–cS!z81!*.W)!R9!&!Y!Ì
0
$3Hc£`1!=#3!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%!,ˆG!*.W)!12N!1%&;)!§7!$&+)!$JG!
1%&;)!$-!*+!1V!$JG!E!=#!1…!*.W)!$-!*.W)!F&),!€!GU$!)[.!1.j9C!•†.!Ì
R
7!Ì
L
7!Ì
C
!";)!"O\1!"#!*.W)!R9!%.W&!
F…),!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*.W)!12N7!,.I6!%6.!*;&!$&+)!$JG!=#!,.I6!%6.!*;&!1…!*.W)C!X2OK),!%\9!)#3!H6&!*@'7!
*.W)!R9!1˜$!1%K.!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%!$t),!9%6!=/.!*.W)!R9!1˜$!1%K.!,.I6!%6.!*;&!*.W)!12N¡!!
' A.'X%6'!*w.!€!*(!Ì
Rmax!! !
B.'X%6'!*w.!§!*(!Ì
Cmax!!
' C.'X%6'!*w.!E!*(!Ì
Lmax!! !
D.'X%6'!*w.!`!*(!Ì
Cmax
!!
2
2
R
Lw
( )
2
2
LR
R
w+
L
R
w
( )
2
2
LR
L
w+
w
( )
21
LL
2
1
+
21
21
LL
LL
+
21
21
LL
LL2
+
( )
21
2
1
w+w
2
0
( )
2
2
2
1
2
1
w+w
21
ww
÷
÷
ø
ö
ç
ç
è
æ
w
+
w
=
w
2
2
2
1
2
0
11
2
11
C1
L1
Z
Z
C1
L1
Z
Z
L1
C1
Z
Z
L1
C1
Z
Z
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
60
BẢNG'TRA'ĐÁP'ÁN'CHỦ'ĐỀ'2-CHƯƠNG'3'
!!
!!
CHỦ'ĐỀ'3:'MÁY'BIẾN'THẾ'-'SỰ'TRUYỀN'TẢI'ĐIỆN'NĂNG-'ĐỘNG'CƠ'ĐIỆN'
!!
A.'LÝ'THUYẾT:''
I.'TRUYỂN'TẢI'ĐIỆN'NĂNG''
1.#Công'suất'hao'phí'trong'quá'trình'truyền'tải'điện'năng''
! ±!€5),!H&L1!)v.!9%R1T!o
phát
!Y!Ì
phát
C-!!
! !
±!€5),!H&L1!%63!9%?T!!
!
Với! P
phát
! cố! định,! có! thể! giảm! hao! phí!
bằng!2!cáchT!!
! s!•.JG!2T!$R$%!)#'!4%5),!1%V$!%.W)!*O\$!=^!2L1!1[)!4‡G!!
! s!Xš),!ÌT!),OK.!16!1%OK),!1š),!*.W)!R9!12O/$!4%.!12&':)!1J.!AB),!GR'!1š),!R9!=#!,.JG!*.W)!R9!N!
)v.!1.m&!1%…!1/.!,.R!12>!$;)!1%.j1!AB),!GR'!,.JG!R97!$R$%!)#'!$-!%.W&!<&J!)%K!Ft),!GR'!A.j)!R9!QÌ
phát
!
1š),!)!";)!1%^!o
hp
!,.JG!)
2
!";)!S!!
2.#Hiệu#suất#truyền#tải#đi#xa:!*O\$!*3!AB),!1•!H[!,.I6!$5),!H&L1!*.W)!)%M)!*O\$!N!)v.!1.m&!1%…!=#!
$5),!H&L1!*.W)!12&':)!*.!1™!120G!9%R1!*.W)T!!
aY C–nnQÒSY C–nnQÒSY C–nnQÒSY
C–nnQÒS!
!CHÚ!Ý:!!
*!Gọi!H
1
i!a
2!
"#!%.W&!H&L1!12&':)!1J.!˜),!=/.!$R$!*.W)!R9!U
1
i!Ì
2
C!Zj&!$5),!H&L1!10.!),&ˆ)!9%R1!4%5),!
*w.C!X6!$-T! !
*!œv!*ˆ!12&':)!1J.!*.W)!)š),!1™!h!*j)!l!T!X0.!h!
HŠ!F…),!GR'!1š),!R9!*(!1š),!*.W)!R9!$;)12&':)!
*.C!zj)!l!HŠ!F…),!GR'!%0!R9!*(!"#G!,.JG!*.W)!R9!
g&[),!9%t!%\9!=/.!)v.!$;)!HŠ!F…),!Q1%OK),!"#!
ccn_SC!Khi!đó!độ!giảm!điện!ápT!ΔÌY!I.R=!U
2A!
s!U
1B
!!
!=/.!U
2A
!"#!*.W)!R9!%.W&!F…),!N!$&+)!1%˜!$L9!$]6!
GR'!1š),!R9!10.!h7!$f)!U
1B
!"#!*.W)!R9!N!*;&!=#3!$&+)!Hv!$L9!$]6!GR'!A.j)!R9!10.!lC'!
"!{&ž),!*OK),!12&':)!1J.!*.W)!)š),!*.!g6!H3!=/.!),&ˆ)!G+1!4%3J),!"#!F!1%^!$%.:&!F#.!F@'!"#!ℓYcFC!!
"!µ),!F…),T!ŒR'!A.j)!R9!*O\$!˜),!F…),!123),!=.W$!12&':)!1J.!*.W)!)š),7!)L&!$%J'!4.G!"30.7!%#)!*.W)!
À!!
II.'MÁY#BIẾN#ÁP:''
phát
ích
có
P
P
phát
hpph át
P
PP D-
÷
÷
ø
ö
ç
ç
è
æ
D
-
phát
hp
P
P
1
÷
÷
ø
ö
ç
ç
è
æ
- R.
U
P
1
phát
2
phát
2
2
1
1
2
U
U
H1
H1
÷
÷
ø
ö
ç
ç
è
æ
=
-
-
1D''
2D''
3C''
4C''
5C''
6A''
7C''
8A''
9A''
10D''
11D''
12B''
13A''
14D''
15B''
16C''
17D''
18C''
19A''
20B''
21C''
22C''
23B''
24A''
25A''
26D''
27D''
28A''
29D''
30C''
31B''
32D''
33C''
34C''
35C''
36B''
37B''
38B''
39C''
40D''
41D''
42D''
43A''
44C''
45B''
46C''
47B''
48D''
49C''
50D''
51D''
52D''
53C''
54B''
55A''
56A''
57A''
58A''
59A''
60C''
61B''
62A''
63C''
64C''
65D''
66C''
67D''
68D''
69B''
70B''
71B''
72A''
73A''
74D''
75C''
76A''
77D''
78C''
79B''
80A''
81A''
82B''
83B''
84A''
''
''
''
''
''
''
o
hp
Y2C-
2
Y2 !
2
phát
phát
2
)U(
P
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
61
1.'Định'nghĩaT!ŒR'!A.j)!R9!"#!)%I),!1%.j1!A>!A.j)!*w.!*.W)!R9!g36'!$%.:&!Q)%O),!4%5),!1%6'!*w.!1;)!
H[S!!
2.'Cấu'tạo:'' ''
"
!!lõi!biến!áp!"#!–!4%&),!HU1!)3)!$-!9%6!H."?$!,ˆG!)%.:&!"R!1%‡9!G¢),!,%‡9!$R$%!*.W)!=/.!)%6&C!!
"
!!2!cuộn!dây!dẫn!Q*.W)!12N!)%¢S!<&L)!12m)!c!$0)%!$]6!4%&),!T!
!s!! €&+)!F@'!)[.!=/.!),&ˆ)!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!,†.!"#!$&+)!Hv!$L9C!!
s!! €&+)!F@'!$f)!"0.!,†.!"#!$&+)!1%˜!$L9!Q)[.!=/.!1J.!1.m&!1%…!S!!
3.'Nguyên'tắc'hoạt'động:!eV6!12m)!%.W)!1O\),!$JG!˜),!*.W)!1™C!!
4.'Các#công#thức:''
a)#Khi!máy!biến!áp!hoạt!có!tải!hoặc!không!tải!
! !
!
Trong'đó:'
! D!Z
1
7!Ì
1
7!•
1
T!"#!H[!=f),!F@'!<&L)i!*.W)!R9!=#!H&L1!*.W)!*+),!,.m&%!F…),!N!$&+)!Hv!$L9!
! D!Z
2
7!Ì
2
7!•
2
T!"#!H[!=f),!F@'!<&L)i!*.W)!R3!=#!H&L1!*.W)!*+),!%.W&!F…),!N!$&+)!1%˜!$L9C!!
Zj&T! D „–! ƒ–!ŒR'!%0!R9C!ŒR'! 1š),!R9C! D!
b)!Máy!biến!thế!chạy!tải!với!hiệu!suất!hoạt!động!là!H:!!
!
!
!
_/.!c3H‹
1
i!c3Hφ
2
!"#!$R$!%W!H[!$5),!H&L1!$]6!G0$%!Hv!$L9!=#!G0$%!1%˜!$L9C!!
Ø!Nếu!H!=!1,!cos‹
1
=!cos‹
2
!=1!thìT!!
!
!
!
III.#MÁY#PHÁT#ĐIỆN:#'
1.#Máy'phát'điện'xoay'chiều'một'pha''
a)'Cấu#tạo:'gồm'2'bộ'phận'chính''
*!Phần!cảmT!"#!)6G!$%@G!=—)%!$Š&!%38$!)6G!$%@G!*.W)à!9%;)!103!26!1™!
12OK),C!!
*!Phần!ứng:!"#!)%I),!$&5)!F@'!123),!*-!g&L1!%.W)!H&L1!*.W)!*+),!$JG!˜),à!9%;)!103!26!Ff),!*.W)C!!
!Œ+1!123),!%6.!9%;)!*81!cố'định!,†.!"#!stato7!9%;)!$f)!"0.!quay!<&6)%!G+1!12…$!,†.!"#!roto.!!
b)'Nguyên#tắc#hoạt#động:!eV6!12m)!%.W)!1O\),!$JG!˜),!*.W)!1™C!!
p%.!2513!<&6'7!1™!1%5),!<&6!$&+)!F@'!A.j)!1%.m)7!123),!$&+)!F@'!g&L1!%.W)!H&L1!*.W)!*+),!$JG!˜),7!
H&L1!*.W)!*+),!)#'!*O\$!*O6!26!),3#.!*(!HŠ!F…),C!!
s!ŒR'!9%R1!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!G+1!9%6!$5),!H&L1!"/)!1%OK),!Ft),!)6G!$%@G!=—)%!$Š&!<&6'!123),!"f),!
H1613!$-!$R$!$&+)!F@'C!!
s!ŒR'!9%R1!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!G+1!9%6!$5),!H&L1!)%¢!$-!1%(!"#!4%&),!F@'!<&6'!123),!1™!12OK),7!"L'!*.W)!
26!)%K!A+!,-9C!!
*!Tần#số#của#dòng#điện'do#máy#tạo#ra:!Zj&!GR'!$-!9!$89!$V$!=#!25!13!<&6'!)!=f),!123),!–!,.@'!1%^!
f=!n.pC!!p:!H[!$89!$V$!$]6!)6G!$%@GC!!
!! !! !! !! !n:!X[$!*+!<&6'!$]6!2513!Q=f),d,.@'SC!!
'CHÚ'Ý:!Để!làm!giảm!vận!tốc!quay!của!rôto!trong!khi!vẫn!g iữ!nguyên!tần!số!f!của!dòng!điện!do!máy!
phát!ra! ng ười!ta!chế!tạo!máy!với!p#cặp#cực#nam#châm!(đặt!xen!kẻ!nhau!trên!vành!tròn!của!rôto)!và! p#
cặp#cuộn#dây!(đặt!xen!kẻ!nhau!trên!vành!tròn!của!stato).!!
2.#Máy'phát'điện'xoay'chiều'ba'pha''
1
2
N
N
1
2
N
N
! !
aQÒSY ! !
!
1
2
1
2
1
2
E
E
N
N
U
U
==
11
222
1
2
I.U
cos.I.U
P
P j
=
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
I
I
E
E
N
N
U
U
===
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
62
aW!A6!9%6!,ˆG!GR'!9%R1!A6!9%67!*OK),!F@'!1J.!*.W)!Ž!9%67!*+),!$v!A6!9%6C!!
a)'Khái'niệm:!E#!GR'!103!26!Ž!H&L1!*.W)!*+),!g36'!$%.:&!%^)%!H.)!$t),!1;)!Hˆ7!$t),!A.m)!*+!=#!"W$%!
9%6!)%6&!–cn
0
!1™),!*5.!G+1C!!
e
1!
Ye
0!
$3Hqt!(V)i!e
2!
Y!e
0
$3HQqt!s! S!QV)
;!
e
3!
Y!e
0!
$3HQqt!s !S!!
b)'Cấu#tạo:''
! s!œ1613!,ˆG!Ž!$&+)!F@'!,.[),!)%6&!,U)!$[!*>)%!12m)!=f),!12f)!"W$%!)%6&!–cn
0
!!
! s!§513!"#!)6G!$%@G!Zœ!<&6'!<&6)%!1@G!k!$]6!*OK),!12f)!=/.!1[$!*+!,-$!q!
4%5),!*w.!!
C)#Nguyên#tắc:!p%.!)6G!$%@G!<&6'7!1™!1%5),!<&6!Ž!$&+)!F@'!A.j)!1%.m)!"W$%!
9%6!c£dŽ!"#G!g&L1!%.W)!Ž!H&L1!*.W)!*+),!g36'!$%.:&!$t),!1;)!H[7!$t),!A.m)!*+7!
"W$%!9%6!c£dŽ!!
d)#Cách#mắc#mạch#ba#pha:!ŒU$!%^)%!16G!,.R$!=#!%^)%!H63!!
e)'Ưu#điểm:''
! s!X2&':)!1J.!*.W)!AB),!Ff),!Ž!9%6!1.j1!4.WG!*O\$!F@'!F¹)!H3!=/.!12&':)!1J.!
*.W)!AB),!Ff),!G+1!9%6!!
! s!€&),!$L9!*.W)!$%3!$R$!*+),!$v!Ž!9%6!9%w!A.j)!123),!)%#!GR'7!g?!),%.W9C!!
IV.#ĐỘNG#CƠ#KHÔNG#ĐỒNG#BỘ#BA#PHA#'
1.'Nguyên'tắc'hoạt'động:!z81!4%&),!F@'!F¹)!=#3!1™!12OK),!<&6'7!4%&),!F@'!
H“!<&6'!1%u3!1™!12OK),!*-!=/.!1[$!*+!,-$!)%¢!%v)!Qq
khung!dây
!ƒ!q
từ!trường
!S!!
2.'Động'cơ'không'đồng'bộ'ba'pha:''
a)#Cấu#tạo:'' ''
s!œ1613!là!bộ!phận!tạo!ra!từ!trường!quay!,ˆG!Ž!$&+)!F@'!,.[),!)%6&!*81!"W$%!!
–cn
0
!12m)!–!=f),!12f)!!
s!§513!"#!4%&),!F@'!F¹)!<&6'!FO/.!1R$!F…),!$]6!1™!12OK),!<&6'!!
b)#Hoạt#động:!X03!26!1™!12OK),!<&6'!AB),!$R$%!$%3!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!Ž!9%6!$%0'!=#3!Ž!$&+)!F@'!
$]6!H1613i!eO/.!1R$!F…),!$]6!1™!12OK),!<&6'7!2513!"ˆ),!H-$!H“!<&6'!=/.!1[$!*+!)%¢!%v)!1[$!*+!$]6!1™!
12OK),!ω
Rôto
<ω
từtrường
= ω
dòngđiện
!!
à!Có!thể!dễ!dàng!biến!từ!động!cơ!không!đồng!bộ!ba!pha!thành!máy!phát!điện!3!pha!và!ngược!lại.!!
B.'TRẮC'NGHIỆM:''
Câu 1. !ŒR'!A.j)!R9!"#!1%.j1!A>!!
' A.'A.j)!*w.!1;)!H[!$]6!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!! !
' B.'$-!4%J!)š),!A.j)!*w.!*.W)!R9!$]6!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&C!!
!' C.'"#G!1š),!$5),!H&L1!$]6!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&C!!
' D.'A.j)!*w.!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!1%#)%!Ff),!*.W)!G+1!$%.:&C!!
Câu 2. !a.W)!)6'!),OK.!16!1%OK),!Ft),!$R$%!)#3!H6&!*@'!*(!"#G!,.JG!%63!9%?!*.W)!)š),!123),!<&R!
12^)%!12&':)!1J.!*.!g6¡!
' A.'Xš),!1.j1!F.W)!F@'!F¹)!Ft),!*(!12&':)!1J.C!! !
' B.'’@'!FV),!)%#!)R'!*.W)!,;)!)v.!)v.!1.m&!1%…C!!
!' C.'et),!F@'!F¹)!AB),!=M1!".W&!H.m&!F¹)C!!
' D.'Xš),!*.W)!R9!12O/$!4%.!12&':)!1J.!*.W)!)š),!*.!g6C!!
Câu 3. !€@&!)#3!FO/.!*@'!4%5),!đúngT!),&'m)!)%@)!,@'!26!HV!%63!9%?!*.W)!)š),!123),!GR'!A.j)!R9!¡!
' A.'X23),!GR'!A.j)!R9!$-!HV!1¢6!)%.W1!F3!Ff),!‰&$5!$%0'!123),!"¿.!HU1!$]6!)-C!!
' B.'X23),! GR'!A.j)! R9! 4%5),! $-! HV! $%&'()! %-6! )š),! "O\),! *.W)! 12OK),! 1%#)%! )š),!"O\),! 1™!
12OK),C!!
C.'ŒR'!A.j)!R9!A˜$!g0!H-),!*.W)!1™C!!
' D.'€R$!$&+)!F@'!$]6!GR'!A.j)!R9!*:&!$-!*.W)!12NC!!
2
2
3
2p
2
3
4p
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
63
Câu 4. !Z%M)!g‡1!)#3!H6&!*@'!=:!GR'!A.j)!1%j!"#!không'đúng¡!!
' A.'ŒR'!A.j)!1%j!$-!1%(!1š),!%.W&!*.W)!1%jC!! !
' B.'ŒR'!A.j)!1%j!$-!1%(!,.JG!%.W&!*.W)!1%jC!!
! C.!ŒR'!A.j)!1%j!$-!1%(!1%6'!*w.!1;)!H[!*f),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&C!!
! D.!ŒR'!A.j)!1%j!$-!1R$!F…),!A.j)!*w.!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)C!!
Câu 5. !X23),!GR'!A.j)!R9!"´!1ON),7!$-!$R$!%W!1%˜$!H6&T!!
! ' A.' ' B.' ' C.' ! D.' !
Câu 6. !o%Ov),!9%R9!"#G!,.JG!%63!9%?!*.W)!)š),!123),!GR'!A.j)!1%j!"#C!!
' A.'z(!GR'!A.j)!1%j!N!)v.!4%5!1%3R),C!!
' B.'E¿.!$]6!GR'!A.j)!1%j!*O\$!$L&!103!AB),!G+1!4%[.!1%‡9!*8$C!!
! C.'E¿.!$]6!GR'!A.j)!1%j!*O\$!$L&!103!AN.!$R$!"R!1%‡9!G¢),!,%‡9!$R$%!*.W)!=/.!)%6&C!!
! D.'Xš),!*+!$R$%!*.W)!123),!GR'!A.j)!1%jC!!
Câu 7. !X23),!=.W$!12&':)!1J.!*.W)!)š),!*.!g67!*(!,.JG!$5),!H&L1!1.m&!%63!12m)!*OK),!F@'!)!";)!1%^!$;)!
9%J.!!
' A.',.JG!*.W)!R9!g&[),!)!";)C!! B.',.JG!*.W)!R9!g&[),!)
2
!";)C!!
!' C.'1š),!*.W)!R9!"m)!)!";)C!!!D.'1š),!*.W)!R9!"m)! !";)C!!
Câu 8. !€%†)!$@&!12J!"K.!đúng!4%.!)-.!=:!GR'!A.j)!R9!
' A.'"#!1%.j1!A>!A.j)!*w.!*.W)!R9!$]6!Ff),!*.W)C!! !!
! B.'$-!%6.!$&+)!F@'!*ˆ),!$-!H[!=f),!AB),!)%6&!<&L)!12m)!"¿.!1%‡9C!!
! C.'$&+)!F@'!)[.!=/.!G0),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!,†.!"#!$&+)!1%˜!$L9C!!
! D.'%301!*+),!FV6!=#3!%.W)!1O\),!$JG!˜),!*.W)!1™C!!
Câu 9. !Œ+1!GR'!A.j)!1%j!$-!H[!=f),!F@'!$&+)!Hv!$L9!)%¢!%v)!H[!=f),!F@'!$&+)!1%˜!$L9C!ŒR'!A.j)!R9!
)#'!Ft),!*(!!
' A.'1š),!-7!,.JG!ÌC!! B.'1š),!-7!1š),!ÌC!' C.',.JG!-7!1š),!ÌC!! D.',.JG!-7!,.JG!ÌC!!
Câu 10. !!X23),!GR'!1š),!R9!"´!1ON),7!)j&!,.I!),&'m)!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!Hv!$L9!)%O),!1š),!H[!=f),!F@'!N!
%6.!$&+)!1%mG!G+1!"O\),!AB),!)%6&!1%^!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!N!$&+)!1%˜!$L9!1%6'!*w.!1%j!)#3!¡!!
! A.'1š),C!' B.'1š),!%38$!,.JGC!! !C.',.JGC!' D.'4%5),!*w.!!
Câu 11. !!p%.!*+),!$v!4%5),!*ˆ),!A+!A6!9%6!%301!*+),!w)!*>)%7!1™!12OK),!<&6'!123),!*+),!$v!$-!1;)!H[!
' A.'AB),!1;)!H[!$]6!Ff),!*.W)!$%0'!123),!$R$!$&+)!F@'!$]6!H1613C!!
! B.'"/)!%v)!1;)!H[!$]6!Ff),!*.W)!$%0'!123),!$R$!$&+)!F@'!$]6!H1613C!!
! C.'$-!1%(!"/)!%v)!%6'!)%¢!%v)!1;)!H[!$]6!Ff),!*.W)!$%0'!123),!$R$!$&+)!F@'!$]6!H16137!1t'!=#3!1J.C!!
! D.')%¢!%v)!1;)!H[!$]6!Ff),!*.W)!$%0'!123),!$R$!$&+)!F@'!$]6!H1613C!!
Câu 12. !€%†)!$@&!đúngC!X23),!$R$!GR'!9%R1!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!G+1!9%6T!!
' A.'9%;)!103!26!1™!12OK),!"#!2513C!!
! B.'9%;)!103!26!H&L1!*.W)!*+),!$JG!˜),!"#!H1613C!!
!' C.'o%;)!$JG!"#!9%;)!103!26!Ff),!*.W)C!!
! D.'H&L1!*.W)!*+),!$]6!GR'!1•!"W!=/.!1[$!*+!<&6'!$]6!2513C!!
Câu 13. !!€%†)!9%R1!A.(&!sai?!X23),!<&R!12^)%!12&':)!1J.!*.W)!)š),!*.!g67!$5),!H&L1!%63!9%?!
' A.'1•!"W!=/.!$%.:&!F#.!*OK),!F@'!1J.!*.W)C!!
! B.'1•!"W!),%>$%!=/.!A^)%!9%Ov),!*.W)!R9!,.I6!%6.!*;&!F@'!N!120G!9%R1C!!
! C.'1•!"W!=/.!A^)%!9%Ov),!$5),!H&L1!12&':)!*.C!! !
' D.'1•!"W!=/.!1%K.!,.6)!12&':)!*.W)C!!
Câu 14. p%.!*+),!$v!không!*ˆ),!A+!A6!9%6!%301!*+),!w)!*>)%!=/.!1[$!*+!<&6'!$]6!1™!12OK),!4%5),!
*w.!1%^!1[$!*+!<&6'!$]6!2513!!
' A.'"&5)!AB),!1[$!*+!<&6'!$]6!1™!12OK),C!!
1
2
2
1
N
N
U
U
=
2
1
2
1
N
N
U
U
=
2
1
2
1
N
N
U
U
=
1
2
2
1
N
N
U
U
=
n
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
64
! B.'"/)!%v)!1[$!*+!<&6'!$]6!1™!12OK),C!!
!' C.')%¢!%v)!1[$!*+!<&6'!$]6!1™!12OK),C!!
' D.'$-!1%(!"/)!%v)!%38$!AB),!1[$!*+!<&6'!$]6!1™!12OK),7!1t'!1%&+$!1J.C!!
Câu 15. !!ŒR'!9%R1!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!G+1!9%6!=#!A6!9%6!,.[),!)%6&!N!*.(G!)#3C!!
' A.'z:&!$-!9%;)!˜),!<&6'7!9%;)!$JG!$[!*>)%C!! !
' B.'z:&!$-!A+!,-9!*.W)!*(!F¹)!*.W)!26!G0$%!),3#.C!!
! C.'*:&!$-!),&'m)!1U$!%301!*+),!FV6!12m)!%.W)!1O\),!$JG!˜),!*.W)!1™C!!
! D.'z:&!$-!A6!$&5)!F@'!GU$!)[.!1.j9!)%6&!*81!$[!*>)%!12m)!G+1!=f),!12f)C!!
Câu 16. !!Z,&'m)!1U$!%301!*+),!$]6!GR'!9%R1!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!G+1!9%6!FV6!=#3!!
' A.'%.W)!1O\),!1V!$JGC!! !! B.'%.W)!1O\),!$JG!˜),!*.W)!1™C!!
!' C.'4%&),!F@'!<&6'!123),!*.W)!12OK),C!! D.'4%&),!F@'!$%&'()!*+),!123),!1™!12OK),C!!
Câu 17. !a.W)!)6'!=/.!$R$!GR'!9%R1!*.W)!$5),!H&L1!"/)!),OK.!16!1%OK),!Ft),!$R$%!)#3!H6&!*@'!*(!103!
26!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!G+1!9%6C!!
! A.'Z6G!$%@G!=—)%!$Š&!*˜),!'m)7!$&+)!F@'!$%&'()!*+),!1>)%!1.j)!H3!=/.!)6G!$%@GC!!
! B.'Z6G!$%@G!=—)%!$Š&!*˜),!'m)7!$&+)!F@'!$%&'()!*+),!<&6'!123),!"f),!)6G!$%@GC!!
! C.'€&+)!F@'!*˜),!'m)7!)6G!$%@G!=—)%!$Š&!$%&'()!*+),!1>)%!1.j)!H3!=/.!$&+)!F@'C!!
! D.'€&+)!F@'!*˜),!'m)7!)6G!$%@G!=—)%!$Š&!$%&'()!*+),!<&6'!123),!"f),!H1613!$-!$&[)!$R$!$&+)!
F@'C!!
Câu 18. !!o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!đúng!*[.!=/.!GR'!9%R1!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!G+1!9%6C'!
' A.'ef),!*.W)!$JG!˜),!$%•!g&L1!%.W)!N!$R$!$&+)!F@'!$]6!9%;)!˜),C!!
! B.'X;)!H[!$]6!H&L1!*.W)!*+),!1•!"W!=/.!H[!=f),!F@'!$]6!9%;)!˜),C!!
! C.'l.m)!*+!$]6!H&L1!*.W)!*+),!1•!"W!=/.!H[!$89!$V$!1™!$]6!9%;)!$JGC!!
' D.'€v!)š),!$&),!$L9!$%3!GR'!*O\$!A.j)!*w.!1&;)!%3#)!1%#)%!*.W)!)š),C!!
Câu 19. !€%†)!$@&!đúng:!!
! A.'ef),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!G+1!9%6!$%•!$-!1%(!F3!GR'!9%R1!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!G+1!9%6!103!26C!!
! B.'œ&L1!*.W)!*+),!$]6!GR'!9%R1!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!1•!"W!=/.!H[!=f),!F@'!$]6!9%;)!˜),C!!
! C.'ef),!*.W)!F3!GR'!9%R1!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!103!26!"&5)!$-!1;)!H[!AB),!H[!=f),!<&6'!$]6!2513C!!
! D.'€%•!$-!Ff),!g36'!$%.:&!A6!9%6!G/.!103!26!1™!12OK),!<&6'C!!
Câu 20. !!p%.!12&':)!1J.!*.W)!)š),!$]6!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!A6!9%6!*.!g6!16!9%J.!Ft),!?1!)%L1!"#!A63!
)%.m&!F@'!F¹)C!!
' A.'a6.!F@'!F¹)C!! B.'l6!F@'!F¹)C!! C.'l[)!F@'!F¹)C!! D.'œR&!F@'!F¹)C!!
Câu 21. !!o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!=:!*+),!$v!4%5),!*ˆ),!A+!A6!9%6!"#!saiC!!
' A.'a6.!A+!9%M)!$%?)%!$]6!*+),!$v!"#!2513!=#!H1613C!!!
' B.'l+!9%M)!103!26!1™!12OK),!<&6'!"#!H1R13C!!
! C.'Z,&'m)!1U$!%301!*+),!$]6!*+),!$v!"#!FV6!12m)!%.W)!1O\),!*.W)!1™!=#!HŠ!F…),!1™!12OK),!<&6'C!!
! D.'€-!1%(!$%j!103!*+),!$v!4%5),!*ˆ),!A+!A6!9%6!=/.!$5),!H&L1!"/)C!
Câu 22. !!o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!đúngC!Z,OK.!16!$-!1%(!103!26!1™!12OK),!<&6'!AB),!$R$%!$%3!Ff),!
*.W)T!
' A.'g36'!$%.:&!$%0'!<&6!)6G!$%@G!*.W)C!!
' B.'G+1!$%.:&!$%0'!<&6!)6G!$%@G!*.W)C!!
! C.'Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!G+1!9%6!$%0'!<&6!A6!$&+)!F@'!$]6!H1613!$]6!*+),!$v!4%5),!*ˆ),!A+!A6!
9%6C!!
! D.'Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!A6!9%6!$%0'!<&6!A6!$&+)!F@'!$]6!H1613!$]6!*+),!$v!4%5),!*ˆ),!A+!A6!
9%6C!!
Câu 23. o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!không'đúngC!€JG!˜),!1™!F3!$J!A6!$&+)!F@'!,@'!26!10.!1@G!H1613!$]6!
*+),!$v!4%5),!*ˆ),!A+!A6!9%67!4%.!$-!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!A6!9%6!*.!=#3!*+),!$v!$-T!!
' A.'*+!"/)!4%5),!*w.C!! !! B.'9%Ov),!4%5),!*w.C!!
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
65
!' C.'%O/),!<&6'!*:&C!! !! D.'1;)!H[!<&6'!AB),!1;)!H[!Ff),!*.W)C!!
Câu 24. !X%.j1!A>!)#3!H6&!*@'!$-!1?)%!1%&M)!),%>$%C!!
' A.'z+),!$v!4%5),!*ˆ),!A+!A6!9%6C!' B.'z+),!$v!4%5),!*ˆ),!A+!G+1!9%6C!!
!' C.'ŒR'!9%R1!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!G+1!9%6C!! D.'ŒR'!9%R1!*.W)!G+1!$%.:&C!!
Câu 25. !€%†)!$@&!sai.!X23),!<&R!12^)%!1J.!*.W)!)š),!*.!g67!$5),!H&L1!%63!9%?T!!
' A.'1•!"W!=/.!1%K.!,.6)!12&':)!1J.C!! !
! B.'1•!"W!=/.!$%.:&!F#.!*OK),!F@'!1J.!*.W)C!!
! C.'1•!"W!),%>$%!=/.!A^)%!9%Ov),!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!,.I6!%6.!*;&!F@'!N!120G!9%R1!*.W)C!!
! D.'1•!"W!=/.!A^)%!9%Ov),!$5),!H&L1!12&':)!*.C!!
Câu 26. !o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!đúng.!!
! A.'Z,&'m)!1U$!%301!*+),!$]6!*+),!$v!4%5),!*ˆ),!A+!A6!9%6!$%•!FV6!12m)!%.W)!1O\),!$JG!˜),!
*.W)!1™C!!
! B.'Z,&'m)!1U$!%301!*+),!$]6!*+),!$v!4%5),!*ˆ),!A+!A6!9%6!$%•!FV6!12m)!%.W)!1O\),!1V!$JGC!!
! C.'Z,&'m)!1U$!%301!*+),!$]6!*+),!$v!4%5),!*ˆ),!A+!A6!9%6!FV6!12m)!%.W)!1O\),!$JG!˜),!*.W)!1™!
=#!"V$!1™!1R$!F…),!"m)!Ff),!*.W)C!!
! D.'Z,&'m)!1U$!%301!*+),!$]6!*+),!$v!4%5),!*ˆ),!A+!A6!9%6!FV6!12m)!%.W)!1O\),!1V!$JG!=#!"V$!1™!
1R$!F…),!"m)!Ff),!*.W)C!!
Câu 27. !QXZcn–•S!Œ+1!GR'!A.j)!R9!$-!H[!=f),!F@'!$]6!$&+)!Hv!$L9!"/)!%v)!H[!=f),!F@'!$]6!$&+)!1%˜!
$L9C!ŒR'!A.j)!R9!)#'!$-!1R$!F…),!!
! A.'1š),!*.W)!R9!=#!1š),!1;)!H[!$]6!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&C!!
! B.'1š),!*.W)!R9!G#!4%5),!1%6'!*w.!1;)!H[!$]6!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&C!!
! C.',.JG!*.W)!R9!=#!,.JG!1;)!H[!$]6!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&C!!
! D.',.JG!*.W)!R9!G#!4%5),!1%6'!*w.!1;)!H[!$]6!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&C!!
Câu 28. !Q€zcn––S!p%.!12&':)!*.W)!)š),!$-!$5),!H&L1!o!1™!)v.!9%R1!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!*j)!)v.!1.m&!1%…!1%^!
$5),!H&L1!%63!9%?!12m)!*OK),!F@'!"#!ÓoC!z(!$%3!$5),!H&L1!%63!9%?!12m)!*OK),!F@'!$%•!$f)!"#! Q=/.!)!
„!–S7!N!)v.!9%R1!*.W)!),OK.!16!HŠ!F…),!G+1!GR'!A.j)!R9!Q"?!1ON),S!$-!1•!H[!,.I6!H[!=f),!F@'!$]6!$&+)!
Hv!$L9!=#!H[!=f),!F@'!$]6!$&+)!1%˜!$L9!"#!!
! A.' ' B.' ' C.')C' D.' !
! BẢNG'TRA'ĐÁP'ÁN'CHỦ'ĐỀ'-'CHƯƠNG'3!
1B''
2D''
3A''
4C''
5B''
6C''
7D''
8D''
9C''
10C''
11A''
12D''
13D''
14C''
15C''
16A''
17D''
18A''
19B''
20B''
21B''
22D''
23B''
24A''
25A''
26C''
27D''
28B''
''
''
CHƯƠNG#IV:#DAO#ĐỘNG#ĐIỆN#TỪ#
!!
A.'LÝ'THUYẾT:''
! I.''DAO'ĐỘNG'ĐIỆN'TỪ''
1.#Mạch#dao#động#điện#từ#LC#'
•ˆG!G+1!1…!*.W)!GU$!)[.!1.j9!=/.!G+1!$&+)!$JG!1%#)%!G0$%!!
4?)C!! !
s!Zj&!2!2L1!)%¢!Q≈!nST!G0$%!F63!*+),!"?!1ON),C!!
Œ&[)!G0$%!%301!*+),!à!1?$%!*.W)!$%3!1…!*.W)!2ˆ.!$%3!)-!
9%-),!*.W)!103!26!G+1!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!123),!G0$%C!
Z,OK.!16!HŠ!F…),!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!g36'!$%.:&!*O\$!103!26!
,.I6!%6.!AJ)!$]6!1…!*.W)!AB),!$R$%!)[.!%6.!AJ)!)#'!=/.!
G0$%!),3#.C!!
2.#Sự#biến#thiên#điện#áp,#điện#tích#và#dòng#điện#trong#mạch#LC#'
n
PD
n
n
1
n
1
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
66
a)#Điện#tích#tức#thời#của#tụ:'
!! !! !! !! !!!!!!!!q!Y{
0
.cos(ωt+φ
q
)(C)!!!
!! !_/.T!{
0!
Q€ST!*.W)!1?$%!$V$!*0.!$]6!1…!
'CHÚ#Ý:'Khi#t#=#0#nếu#q#đan g#tăng#(tụ#điện#đang#tích#điện)#thì#φ
q"
<#0;#nếu#q#đang#giảm#(tụ#điện#
đang#phóng#điện)#thì#φ
q"
>#0#'
b)#Hiệu#điện#thế#tức#thời#giữa#hai#bản#tụ#của#mạch#dao#động#LC:''
&!Y! !
Đặt!
Ì
0
!Y! %6'!{
0
Y€CÌ
0
!
!! !! _/.T!Ì
0
QV):!hiệu!điện!thế!cực!đại!giữa!hai!bản!tụ!!
CHÚ#Ý:'Ta#thấy!‹
u!
Yφ
q
.!Khi#t=0#nếu#u#đang#tăng#thì#φ
u
#<#0;#nếu#u#đang#giảm#thì#φ
u
#>#0!!
c)#Cường#độ#dòng#điện#qua#cuộn#dây:#'
!
_/.T!I
0
'(A):'cường'độ'dòng'điện'cực'đại!!
! !CHÚ#Ý:'Khi#t#=#0#nếu#i#đang#tăng#thì#φ
i"
<#0;#nếu#i#đang#giảm#thì#φ
i"
>#0.#Với:!φ
i
Yφ
q
D ! !!
v KẾT#LUẬN:#'
§ !_M'!123),!G0$%!q;!u;!i!"&5)!A.j)!1%.m)!*.:&!%3#!$t),!1;)!H[!)%O),!"W$%!9%6!)%6&T!!
! ! +#q;u!$t),!9%6!)%6&C!!
! ! +#i#sớm#pha#hơn#u,#q#một#góc#π/2.#Nên#ta#có:##
' ' ' '%38$! '
3.#Tần#số#góc#riêng,#chu#kì#riêng,#tần#số#riêng#của#mạch#dao#động:#'
a)#Tần#số#góc#riêng#của#mạch#dao#động#LC: #
b)#Chu#kì#riêng#và#tần#số#riêng#của#mạch#dao#động#LC:''
!!Trong!đó:!L(H):!Độ!tự!cảm!của!cuộn!cảm;!C(F):!Điện!dung!của!tụ!
'Chú#ý:'Các'công'thức'mở'rộng:!
+!I
0
!=!ωQ
0
!=! !
+!U
0
!= !hay!U
0
=!I
0
!
+!Khi!tụ!phóng!điện!thì!q!và!u!giảm!và!ngược!lại!!
+!Quy!ước:!q!>!0!ứng!với!bản!tụ!ta!xét!tích!điện!dương!thì!i!>!0!ứng!với!dòng! điện !chạy!đến!bản!tụ!mà!ta!
xét.!!
!D!€5),!1%˜$!*+$!"M9!=/.!1%K.!,.6)T! !
'Chú#ý:'!
Dao#động#điện#từ#tắt#dần#'
)V)(tcos(.U
C
q
u0
j+w=
C
Q
0
ú
ú
ú
û
ù
ê
ê
ê
ë
é
÷
ø
ö
ç
è
æ
p
+j+w=
w=w=j+ww-==
)A(
2
tcos.Ihayi
U.C.QI)(A)(tsin(.Q'qi
q0
000q0
2
p
1
I
i
U
u
2
0
2
0
=
÷
÷
ø
ö
ç
ç
è
æ
+
÷
÷
ø
ö
ç
ç
è
æ
1
I
i
Q
q
2
0
2
0
=
÷
÷
ø
ö
ç
ç
è
æ
+
÷
÷
ø
ö
ç
ç
è
æ
ú
û
ù
ê
ë
é
=w
LC
1
LC
Q
T
Q2
00
=
p
C
L
I
C
I
C
Q
0
00
=
w
=
L
C
ú
ú
ú
ú
û
ù
ê
ê
ê
ê
ë
é
-w±=
÷
ø
ö
ç
è
æ
w
+=Û=+=+
22
0
2
22
0
2
0
2
2
0
2
2
0
2
2
0
2
qQhayi
i
qQ1
I
i
Q
q
I
i
U
u
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
67
Trong!các!mạch!dao!động!thực!luôn!có!tiêu!hao!năng!lượng,!ví!dụ!do!điện!trở!thuần!R!của!dây!dẫn,!vì!
vậy!dao!động!sẽ!dừng!lại!sau!khi!năng!lượng!bị!tiêu!hao!hết.!Quan!sát!dao!động!kí!điện!tử!sẽ!thấy!biên!
độ!dao!động!giảm!dần!đến!0.!Hiện!tượng!này!gọi!là!dao!động!điện!từ!tắt!dần.!R!càng!lớn!thì!sự!tắt!dần!
càng!nhanh,!R!rất!lớn!thì!không!có!dao!động.!!
Dao#động#điện#từ#duy#trì.#'
! Hệ!tự!dao!động:!Muốn!duy!trì!dao!động,!ta!phải!bù!đủ!và!đúng!phần!năng!lượng!bị!tiêu!hao!trong!
mỗi!chu!kì.Ta!có!thể!dùng!tranzito!để!điều!khiển!việc!bù!năng!lượng!từ!pin!cho!khung!dao!động!LC!ăn!
nhịp!với!từng!chu!kì!dao!động!của!mạch.!Dao!động!trong!khung!LC!được!duy!trì!ổn! định ! với!tần ! số!riên g!
ω
0
!của!mạch,!người!ta!gôi!đó!là!một!hệ!tự!dao!động!!
Dao#động#điện#từ#cưỡng#bức.#'
!! Sự!cộng!hưởng!Dòng!điện!trong!mạch!LC!buộc!phải!biến!thiên!theo!tần!số!ω!của!nguồn!điện!ngoài!
chứ!không!thể!dao!động!theo!tần!số!riêng!ω
0
!được!nữa.!Quá!trình!này!được!gọi!là!dao!động!điện!từ!
cưỡng!bức.#Khi!thay!đổi!tần!số!ω!của!nguồn!điện!ngoài!thì!biên!độ!của!dao!động!điện !trong!khung!thay!
đổi!theo,!đến!khi!ω!=!ω
0
!thì!biên!độ!dao!động!điện!trong!khung!đạt!giá!trị!cực!đại.!Hiện!tượng!này!gọi!là!
sự!cộng!hưởng.!!
5.'Sự'tương'tự'giữa'dao'động'điện'và'dao'động'cơ''
z0.!"O\),!$v!
z0.!"O\),!*.W)!
!
z0.!"O\),!$v!
z0.!"O\),!*.W)!
g!
<!
!
grr!D!ω
2
g!Y!n!
<rr!D!ω
2
<!Y!n!
=!
.!
!
ω Y! !!
ω!Y! !
G!
E!
!
g!Y!h$3HQω1!D!φS!!
<!Y!<n$3HQω1!D!φS!
4!
!
!
=!Y!gr!Y!s!ωhH.)Qω1!D!φS!
.!Y!<r!Y!s!ω<
0
H.)Qω1!D!φS!
‰!
&!
!
h
2
!Y!g
2
!D! !
{
2
!Y!<
2
!D! !
Ô!
§!
!
‰!Y!s!4g!Y!s!Gω
2
g!
Ì!Y! Y!Eω
2
<!
'
II.## SÓNG#ĐIỆN#TỪ#'
1.#Liên#hệ#giữa#điện#trường#biến#thiên#và#từ#trường#biến#thiên#'
! Zj&!10.! G+1!)v.! $-!G+1! 1™! 12OK),!A.j)! 1%.m)!1%u3! 1%K.!,.6)! 1%^! 10.!)v.! *-!g&L1! %.W)!G+1!*.W)!
12OK),!g3R'C!!
!! z.W)!12OK),!g3R'!"#!*.W)!12OK),!$-!$R$!*OK),!H˜$!"#!*OK),!$3),!4?)C!!
Zj&!10.!G+1!)v.!$-!*.W)!12OK),!A.j)!1%.m)!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)!1%^!10.!)v.!*-!g&L1!%.W)!G+1!1™!12OK),C!!
!! zOK),!H˜$!$]6!1™!12OK),!"&5)!4%‡9!4?)C!!
2.#Điện#từ#trường:!Œ•.!A.j)!1%.m)!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)!$]6!1™!12OK),!
H.)%! 26! 123),! 4%5),! ,.6)! g&),! <&6)%! G+1! *.W)! 12OK),! g3R'!
A.j)! 1%.m)! 1%u3! 1%K.! ,.6)7! ),O\$! "0.! G•.! A.j)! 1%.m)! 1%u3! 1%K.!
,.6)! $]6! *.W)! 12OK),! $P),! H.)%! 26! G+1! 1™! 12OK),! A.j)! 1%.m)!
1%u3!1%K.!,.6)!123),!4%5),!,.6)!g&),!<&6)%C!!
!! z.W)!12OK),!A.j)!1%.m)!=#!1™!12OK),!A.j)!1%.m)!$t),!1ˆ)!10.!
123),!4%5),!,.6)C!€%›),!$-!1%(!$%&'()!%-6!"¹)!)%6&!123),!G+1!
12OK),!1%[),!)%L1!*O\$!,†.!"#!điện#từ#trường.''
3.#Sóng#điện#từ#-#Thông#tin#liên#lạc#bằng#vô#tuyến''
œ-),!*.W)!1™!"#!*.W)!1™!12OK),!"6)!12&':)!123),!4%5),!,.6)C!!
a)#Đặc#điểm#của#sóng#điện#từ#'
m
k
LC
1
C
1
2
v
÷
ø
ö
ç
è
æ
w
2
i
÷
ø
ö
ç
è
æ
w
C
q
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
68
! D! œ-),! *.W)! 1™! "6)! 12&':)! *O\$! 123),! $%@)! 4%5),! =/.! =M)! 1[$! AB),! =M)! 1[$! R)%! HR),! Q$! ≈!
ŽC–n
8
GdHSC!œ-),!*.W)!1™!"6)!12&':)!*O\$!123),!$R$!*.W)!G5.C!X[$!*+!"6)!12&':)!$]6!H-),!*.W)!1™!123),!
$R$!*.W)!G5.!)%¢!%v)!123),!$%@)!4%5),!=#!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!%B),!H[!*.W)!G5.C!!
! D!œ-),!*.W)!1™!"#!H-),!),6),C!X23),!<&R!12^)%!"6)!12&':)! !=#! !"&5)!"&5)!=&5),!,-$!=/.!)%6&!=#!
=&5),!,-$!=/.!9%Ov),!12&':)!H-),C!X0.!G•.!*.(G!F63!*+),!$]6!*.W)!12OK),!=#!1™!12OK),!"&5)!$t),!
9%6!=/.!)%6&C!!
! D!p%.!H-),!*.W)!1™!,89!G81!9%@)!$R$%!,.I6!%6.!G5.!12OK),!1%^!)-!$P),!A>!9%J)!g0!=#!4%›$!g0!)%O!
R)%!HR),C!Z,3#.!26!$P),!$-!%.W)!1O\),!,.63!1%367!)%.”&!g0CCC!H-),!*.W)!1™C!!
! D!œ-),!*.W)!1™!G6),!)š),!"O\),C!p%.!H-),!*.W)!1™!12&':)!*j)!G+1!6)1u)7!"#G!$%3!$R$!u"u$123)!1V!
F3!123),!6)1u)!F63!*+),!C!!
! D!Z,&ˆ)!9%R1!H-),!*.W)!1™!2L1!*6!F0),7!)%O!1.6!"Š6!*.W)7!$;&!F63!*-),7!),U1!G0$%!*.W)7!12K.!HLG!
H‡1!CCC!C!!
b)#Thông#tin#liên#lạc#bằng#sóng#vô#tuyến##
'
¶
'Sóng'vô'tuyến!"#!$R$!H-),!*.W)!1™!Ft),!123),!=5!1&'j)7!$-!AO/$!H-),!1™!=#.!G!*j)!=#.!4GC!
X%u3!AO/$!H-),7!),OK.!16!$%.6!H-),!=5!1&'j)!1%#)%!$R$!"30.T!H-),!$V$!),U)7!H-),!),U)7!H-),!12&),!=#!
H-),!F#.C!!
!
¶
'Tầng' đi ện'li!"#!"/9!4%?!<&'()!A>!.3)!%-6!G0)%!AN.!R)%!HR),!Œ81!X2K.!=#!)BG!123),!4%3J),!*+!
$63!1™!•n!4G!*jG!•nn!4G7!$-!J)%!%ON),!2L1!"/)!*j)!HV!12&':)!H-),!=5!1&'j)!*.W)C!!
! D!€R$!9%@)!1Š!4%5),!4%?!123),!4%?!<&'()!%L9!1%…!2L1!G0)%!$R$!H-),!F#.7!H-),!12&),!=#!H-),!$V$!
),U)!)%O),!?1!%L9!1%…!$R$!=t),!H-),!),U)C!€R$!H-),!),U)!9%J)!g0!1[1!12m)!1;),!*.W)!".!=#!G81!*L1C!!
! D!Sóng#dài:!$-!)š),!"O\),!)%¢!)m)!4%5),!12&':)!*.!g6!*O\$C!Õ1!A>!)O/$!%L9!1%…!)m)!*O\$!Ft),!
123),!1%5),!1.)!".m)!"0$!12m)!G81!*L1!=#!123),!)O/$C!!
! D!Sóng#trung:!l6)!),#'!H-),!12&),!A>!1;)!*.W)!".!%L9!1%…!G0)%!)m)!4%5),!12&':)!*.!g6!*O\$C!l6)!
*mG!A>!1;)!*.W)!".!9%J)!g0!G0)%!)m)!12&':)!*.!g6!*O\$C!zO\$!Ft),!123),!1%5),!1.)!".m)!"0$!=#3!A6)!
*mGC!!
! +'Sóng#ngắn:!€-!)š),!"O\),!"/)7!A>!1;)!*.W)!".!=#!G81!*L1!9%J)!g0!G0)%C!_^!=M'!1™!G+1!*#.!9%R1!
12m)!G81!*L1!1%^!H-),!),U)!$-!1%(!12&':)!1/.!G†.!)v.!12m)!G81!*L1C!et),!123),!1%5),!1.)!".m)!"0$!12m)!
G81!*L1C!!
! +'Sóng#cực#ngắn:!€-!)š),!"O\),!2L1!"/)!=#!4%5),!A>!1;)!*.W)!".!9%J)!g0!%6'!%L9!1%…C!zO\$!Ft),!
123),!1%5)!1.)!=P!12…C!!
v Nguyên'tắc'chung'$]6!1%5),!1.)!".m)!"0$!AB),!H-),!=5!1&'j)!*.W)T!!
! "!Biến'điệu'sóng'mangT!l.j)!@G!1%6)%!Q%38$!%^)%!J)%S!G&[)!12&':)!*.!1%#)%!$R$!F63!*+),!*.W)!
1™!$-!1;)!H[!1%L9!,†.!"#!1?)!%.W&!@G!1;)!Q%38$!1?)!%.W&!1%>!1;)SC!!
! "!Trộn'sóng:!et),!H-),!*.W)!1™!1;)!H[!$63!Q$63!1;)S!*(!mang!QH-),!G6),S!$R$!1?)!%.W&!@G!1;)!
%38$!1%>!1;)!*.!g6C!Œ&[)!=M'!9%J.!12+)!H-),!*.W)!1™!@G!1;)!%38$!1%>!1;)!=/.!H-),!*.W)!1™!$63!1;)!QA.j)!
*.W&SC!{&6!6)1u)!9%R17!H-),!*.W)!1™!$63!1;)!*ž!A.j)!*.W&!*O\$!12&':)!*.!123),!4%5),!,.6)C!!
! "!Thu'sóngT!et),!GR'!1%&!=/.!6)1u)!1%&!*(!$%†)!=#!1%&!"L'!H-),!*.W)!1™!$63!1;)!G&[)!1%&C!!
! "! Tách' sóngT! XR$%! 1?)! %.W&! 26! 4%¢.! H-),! $63! 1;)! Q1R$%! H-),S! 2ˆ.! Ft),! "36! *(! ),%u! @G! 1%6)%!
12&':)!1/.!%38$!Ft),!G#)!%^)%!*(!guG!%^)%!J)%C!!
! "!Khuếch' đ ạiT!z(! 1š),! $OK),! *+! $]6! H-),! 12&':)! *.! =#! 1š),! $OK),! *+! $]6! 1?)! %.W&!1%&!*O\$!
),OK.!16!Ft),!$R$!G0$%!4%&j$%!*0.C!!
c)#Sơ#đồ#khối#của#một#máy#phát#thanh#vô#tuyến#và#thu#thanh#vô#tuyến#đơn#giản##
#
#
#
#
#
E
!
B
!
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
69
#
#
#
#
#
#
!
*!Ăng#ten#phát:!"#!4%&),!F63!*+),!%N!Q$R$!=f),!F@'!$]6!$&+)!E!%38$!c!AJ)!1…!€!g6!)%6&S7!$-!$&+)!
F@'!GU$!gu)!,;)!$&+)!F@'!$]6!GR'!9%R1C!Z%K!$JG!˜),7!A˜$!g0!H-),!*.W)!1™!$t),!1;)!H[!GR'!9%R1!H“!
9%R1!26!),3#.!4%5),!,.6)C!!
*
'Ăng# ten#thu:!"#!–! 4%&),!F63!*+),! %N7! )-! 1%&!*O\$! )%.:&! H-),7! $-!1…! €! 1%6'! *w.C!Z%K!HV! cộng'
hưởng!=/.!tần'số'sóng'cần'thu!16!1%&!*O\$!H-),!*.W)!1™!$-!`!Y!`
0
!!
d)#Bước#sóng#điện#từ#thu#và#phát:#'
!! !! λ!Y!cT!Y! !Y!c£c !_/.T!c!Y!ŽC–n
8
m/s!!=M)!1[$!$]6!R)%!HR),!123),!$%@)!4%5),C!!
v Lưu!ý:!Œ0$%!F63!*+),!$-!E!A.j)!*w.!1™!E
min
à!E
max!
=#!€!A.j)!*w.!1™!€
Min
!à!€
Max
!1%^!AO/$!H-),!λ!$]6!
H-),!*.W)!1™!9%R1!Q%38$!1%&S!!
D!λ
Min
!1Ov),!˜),!=/.!E
Min
!=#!€
Min
!!
!D!λ
Max
!1Ov),!˜),!=/.!E
Max
!=#!€
Max
!!
v LƯU#Ý#QUAN#TRỌNG:'
*
'Sóng#mang#có#biên#độ#bằng#biên#độ#của#sóng#âm#tần,#có#tần#số#bằng#tần#số#của#sóng#cao#tần.#'
*
'Để#xác#định#vecto#cảm#ứng#từ# ;#vecto#cường#độ#điện#trường# #và#hướng#truyền#sóng# #ta#
dùng#quy#tắc#“bàn#tay#phải”.#Cách#làm:#Duỗi#thẳng#bàn#tay#phải:#'
-'Chiều#từ#cố#tay#đến#đầu#các#ngón#tay#là#chiều#truyền#sóng.!!
s!Chiều!của!ngón!cái!choãi!ra!¤n
0!
là!chiều!của!vecto!cường!độ!điện!trường! .!!
s!Chiều!của!vecto!cảm!ứng!từ!B!đâm!xuyên!qua!long!bàn!tay.!# #
B.'TRẮC'NGHIỆM:''
Câu 1. Œ0$%!F63!*+),!,ˆG!$&+)!F@'!$-!*+!1V!$JG!E!=#!1…!*.W)!$-!*.W)!F&),!€!1%V$!%.W)!F63!*+),!*.W)!
1™!1V!F3C!z.W)!1?$%!$V$!*0.!12m)!G•.!AJ)!1…!"#!{
0
!=#!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!$V$!*0.!123),!G0$%!"#!-
0
C!€%&!
4^!F63!*+),!*.W)!1™!$]6!G0$%!"#T!
! A.!X!Y!cπ ! B.!X!Y!cπ{
0
-
0
! C.!X!Y!cπ ! D.!X!Y!cπE€!
Câu 2. œV!%^)%!1%#)%!F63!*+),!*.W)!1™!1V!F3!123),!G0$%!F63!*+),!"#!F3!%.W)!1O\),!)#3!H6&!*@'!¡!!
' A.'a.W)!1O\),!$+),!%ON),!*.W)C!' B.'a.W)!1O\),!1™!%3RC!!
!' C.'a.W)!1O\),!$JG!˜),!*.W)!1™C!' D.'a.W)!1O\),!1V!$JGC!!
Câu 3. !Œ+1!G0$%!F63!*+),!*.W)!1™!E€!,ˆG!$&+)!F@'!1%&;)!$JG!$-!*+!1V!$JG!E!4%5),!*w.!=#!1…!*.W)!$-!
*.W)!F&),!€!1%6'!*w.!*O\$C'l.j1!*.W)!12N!$]6!F@'!F¹)!"#!4%5),!*R),!4(!=#!123),!G0$%!$-!F63!*+),!
*.W)!1™!2.m),C!p%.!*.W)!F&),!$-!,.R!12>!€
1!
1%^!1;)!H[!F63!*+),!2.m),!$]6!G0$%!"#!`
1
C!p%.!*.W)!F&),!$-!,.R!
12>!€
2
!Y!•€
1
!1%^!1;)!H[!F63!*+),!*.W)!1™!2.m),!123),!G0$%!"#!!
' A.'`
2
!Y!•`
1!
' B.'`
2
!Y!`
1
dc!! C.'`
2
!Y!c`
1
!! D.'`
2
!Y!`
1
d•!!
Câu 4. !Œ+1!G0$%!F63!*+),!,ˆG!$-!$&+)!F@'!E!1%&;)!*.W)!$JG!=#!1…!*.W)!€!1%&;)!F&),!4%R),C!Zj&!,†.!
-
0
!Ff),!*.W)!$V$!*0.!123),!G0$%7!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!$V$!*0.!Ì
0
!,.I6!%6.!*;&!1…!*.W)!".m)!%W!=/.!-
0
!)%O!1%j!
)#3!¡!až'!$%†)!4j1!<&J!*›),!123),!)%I),!4j1!<&J!H6&!*@'T!!
A.! Ì
0
!Y-
0
' B.'U
0!
' C.'U
0!
Y! ' D.'Ì
0!
Y! !
f
c
LC
B
!
E
!
v
!
E
!
0
0
I
Q
0
0
Q
I
C
L
p
L
CI
0
C
LI
0
C
L
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
70
Câu 5. Œ+1!G0$%!E€!*6),!F63!*+),!1V!F37!),OK.!16!*3!*O\$!*.W)!1?$%!$V$!*0.!12m)!c!AJ)!1…!*.W)!"#!<
0
!=#!
Ff),!*.W)!$V$!*0.!123),!G0$%!"#!-
0
C!Zj&!Ft),!G0$%!)#'!"#G!G0$%!$%†)!H-),!$%3!GR'!1%&!1%6)%7!1%^!
AO/$!H-),!G#!)-!AU1!*O\$!1?)%!AB),!$5),!1%˜$T!!
' A.'»!Y!c£$ ! B.#»!Y!c£$ !!C!! C.'»!Y! ! D.'»!Y!c£$<
0
-
0
C!!
Câu 6. !X23),!G+1!G0$%!F63!*+),!E€7!*.W)!1?$%!12m)!G+1!AJ)!1…!A.j)!1%.m)!1%u3!9%Ov),!12^)%!<!Y!{
0
$3H
!Q€SC!Z%O!=M'T!!
! A.''X0.!$R$!1%K.!*.(G!Xd•!=#!ŽXd•7!Ff),!*.W)!123),!G0$%!$-!*+!"/)!$V$!*0.7!$%.:&!),O\$!)%6&!!
! B.'X0.!$R$!1%K.!*.(G!Xdc!=#!X7!Ff),!*.W)!123),!G0$%!$-!*+!"/)!$V$!*0.7!$%.:&!),O\$!)%6&C!!
! C.'X0.!$R$!1%K.!*.(G!Xd•!=#!ŽXd•7!Ff),!*.W)!123),!G0$%!$-!*+!"/)!$V$!*0.7!$%.:&!)%O!)%6&C!!
! D.'X0.!$R$!1%K.!*.(G!Xdc!=#!X7!Ff),!*.W)!123),!G0$%!$-!*+!"/)!$V$!*0.7!$%.:&!)%O!)%6&!!
Câu 7. z.W)!1?$%!$]6!1…!*.W)!123),!G0$%!F63!*+),!E€!A.j)!1%.m)!1%u3!9%Ov),!12^)%!<!Y!<
o
$3HQ 1!D!£SC!
X0.!1%K.!*.(G!1!Y!Xd•7!16!$-T!!
' A.'a.W&!*.W)!1%j!,.I6!%6.!AJ)!1…!AB),!nC!! B.'ef),!*.W)!<&6!$&+)!F@'!AB),!nC!! !!
!' C.'z.W)!1?$%!$]6!1…!$V$!*0.C!! D.'Zš),!"O\),!*.W)!12OK),!$V$!*0.C!! !!
Câu 8. !X23),!G0$%!F63!*+),!E€!"´!1ON),7!,†.!.!=#!&!"#!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!123),!G0$%!=#!%.W&!*.W)!
1%j!,.I6!%6.!*;&!$&+)!F@'!10.!G+1!1%K.!*.(G!)#3!*-7!-
0
!"#!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!$V$!*0.!123),!G0$%C!aW!
1%˜$!A.(&!F.”)!G[.!".m)!%W!,.I6!.7!&!=#!-
0
!"#T!
! !A.' ' B.' ' C.' ' D.' !
!
Câu 9. !až'!$%†)!H[!"O\),!$@&!không'đúng!123),!$R$!9%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!=:!1?)%!$%L1!$]6!H-),!*.W)!
! !!
'I.'œ-),!*.W)!1™!$-!1%(!9%J)!g07!4%›$!g07!,.63!1%36C!IIC!œ-),!*.W)!1™!"#!H-),!),6),!=^!)-!"&5)!12&':)!
),6),C!III.!œ-),!*.W)!1™!4%5),!12&':)!*O\$!123),!$%@)!4%5),C!IVC!œ-),!*.W)!1™!G6),!)š),!"O\),C!!
' A.'c!! B.'Ž!! C.'•!! D.'•!! !!
Câu 10. !Chọn!phát!biểu!SAI!khi!nói!về!điện!từ!trường.!!
! A.'p%.!G+1!1™!12OK),!A.j)!1%.m)!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)7!)-!H.)%!26!G+1!*.W)!12OK),!g3R'C!!
! B.'p%.!G+1!*.W)!12OK),!A.j)!1%.m)!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)7!)-!H.)%!26!G+1!1™!12OK),!g3R'C!!
! C.'z.W)!12OK),!g3R'!"#!*.W)!12OK),!G#!*OK),!H˜$!"#!)%I),!*OK),!$3),C!!
! D.'X™!12OK),!g3R'!"#!1™!12OK),!G#!$JG!˜),!1™!A63!<&6)%!$R$!*OK),!H˜$!*.W)!12OK),C!!
Câu 11. !X23),!<&R!12^)%!"6)!12&':)!H-),!*.W)!1™7!=‡$1v!$JG!˜),!1™! !=#!=‡$1v!$OK),!*+!*.W)!12OK),!
!"&5)!"&5)!!
' A.'12&':)!123),!G†.!G5.!12OK),!=/.!1[$!*+!AB),!ŽC–n
8
!GdHC!!
' B.'F63!*+),!*.:&!%3#!$t),!1;)!H[!=#!$t),!9%6!)%6&C!!
!' C.'=&5),!,-$!)%6&!=#!F63!*+),!"W$%!9%6!)%6&!G+1!,-$!πdc!
' D.'=&5),!,-$!)%6&!=#!12t),!=/.!9%Ov),!12&':)!H-),C!!
Câu 12. !!Œ+1!H-),!*.W)!1™!*6),!"6)!12&':)!1™!G+1!*#.!9%R1!H-),!N!a#!Z+.!*j)!GR'!1%&C!l.j1!$OK),!*+!
*.W)!12OK),!$V$!*0.!"#!–n!_dG!=#!$JG!˜),!1™!$V$!*0.!"#!n7–Ÿ!XC!X0.!*.(G!h!$-!H-),!12&':)!=:!%O/),!
lU$7!N!G+1!1%K.!*.(G!1!)#3!*-!4%.!$OK),!*+!*.W)!12OK),!"#!¥!_dG!=#!*6),!$-!%O/),!z5),7!1%^!$JG!
˜),!1™!"›$!*-!$-!*+!"/)!=#!%O/),!"#!!
A.'n7–cX!=#!%O/),!"m)!! ! B.'n7–cX!=#!%O/),!g&[),!!
! C.'n7n¤X!=#!%O/),!"m)!! # D.#n7n¤X!=#!%O/),!g&[),!!
00
Iq
0
0
I
q
0
0
q
I
÷
ø
ö
ç
è
æ
p
-w
2
t
T
2p
( )
222
0
u
C
L
iI =+
( )
222
0
u
L
C
iI =-
( )
222
0
u
C
L
iI =-
( )
222
0
u
L
C
iI =+
B
!
E
!
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
71
Câu 13. !X23),!G+1!G0$%!F63!*+),!E€7!4%.!*.W)!1?$%!1…!*.W)!$-!*+!"/)!*01!$V$!*0.!1%^!4j1!"&M)!)#3!H6&!
*@'!"#!H6.¡!!
' A.'z.W)!R9!%6.!*;&!1…!*.W)!$-!*+!"/)!$V$!*0.C!! !
! B.#€OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!123),!G0$%!$-!*+!"/)!$V$!*0.C!!
!' C.'Zš),!"O\),!*.W)!12OK),!123),!123),!G0$%!*01!$V$!*0.C!!
' D.'Zš),!"O\),!*.W)!12OK),!AB),!)š),!"O\),!*.W)!1™!123),!G0$%C!!
Câu 14. !€%†)!9%R1!A.(&!*›),!4%.!)-.!=:!HV!A.j)!1%.m)!*.W)!1?$%!$]6!1…!*.W)!123),!G0$%!F63!*+),!!
A.'z.W)!1?$%!$]6!1…!*.W)!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!=/.!1;)!H[!,-$!q!Y! !!
! B.'z.W)!1?$%!A.j)!1%.m)!1%u3!%#G!H[!GP!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)!!
' C.'z.W)!1?$%!$%•!A.j)!1%.m)!1&;)!%3#)!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)!
!' D.'z.W)!1?$%!$]6!1…!*.W)!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!=/.!1;)!H[!f!Y! !
Câu 15. !Cường!độ!dòng!điện!chạy!trong!mạch!dao!động!LC!có!đặc!điểm!là:!!
' A.'1;)!H[!"/)!' B.'$%&!4^!"/)!' C.'$OK),!*+!"/)!' D.')š),!"O\),!"/)!!
Câu 16. !Qzacn–•S!X23),!G0$%!F63!*+),!E€!"?!1ON),!*6),!$-!F63!*+),!*.W)!1™!1V!F37!*.W)!1?$%!$]6!G+1!
AJ)!1…!*.W)!=#!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!<&6!$&+)!$JG!1%&;)!A.j)!1%.m)!*.:&!%f6!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)!!
' A.'"&5)!),O\$!9%6!)%6&!B.'"&5)!$t),!9%6!)%6&!C.'=/.!$t),!A.m)!*+!! D.'=/.!$t),!1;)!H[!!
Câu 17. !Œ+1!G0$%!F63!*+),!F&'!12^!,ˆG!$&+)!F@'!GU$!=/.!G+1!1…!*.W)C!e3!$&+)!F@'!$-!*.W)!12N!§!)m)!
*(!F&'!12^!F63!*+),!$]6!G0$%!),OK.!16!$;)!9%J.!$&),!$L9!)š),!"O\),!$%3!G0$%!C!l.j1!*.W)!1?$%!$V$!*0.!
$]6!1…!"#!{
0
7!*.W)!F&),!$]6!1…!"#!€!=#!%W!H[!1V!$JG!$]6!$&+)!F@'!"#!EC!X?)%!$5),!H&L1!$;)!$&),!$L9!$%3!
G0$%!*(!G0$%!%301!*+),!w)!*>)%C!!
' A.'! P!Y!LCR !' B.'P!Y !! C.'P!=! !LCR !' D.'P!Y! ! !!
Câu 18. !!€%†)!9%R1!A.(&!H6.!4%.!)-.!=:!*.W)!1™!12OK),!!
' A.'z.W)!12OK),!=#!1™!12OK),!"#!%6.!G81!1%(!%.W)!4%R$!)%6&!$]6!G+1!"30.!12OK),!F&'!)%L1!,†.!"#!
*.W)!1™!12OK),!C!!
' B.'z.W)!12OK),!A.j)!1%.m)!)#3!$P),!H.)%!26!1™!12OK),!A.j)!1%.m)!=#!),O\$!"0.C!!
! C.'p%5),!1%(!$-!*.W)!12OK),!=#!1™!12OK),!1ˆ)!10.!*+$!"M9C!!
! D.'Z6G!$%@G!=—)%!$Š&!"#!G+1!12OK),!%\9!),30.!"W!N!*-!$%•!$-!1™!12OK),!!
Câu 19. !p%.!G+1!*.W)!1?$%!*.(G!F63!*+),7!g&),!<&6)%!*.W)!1?$%!H“!1ˆ)!10.C!!
' A.'*.W)!12OK),!' B.'1™!12OK),!# C.#*.W)!1™!12OK),!' D.'12OK),!%L9!F¹)!!
Câu 20. !€%†)!$@&!H6.C!œ-),!*.W)!1™!"#!H-),T!!
' A.'F3!*.W)!1?$%!H.)%!26C!' '
' B.'F3!*.W)!1?$%!F63!*+),!A˜$!g0!26C!!
!' C.'$-!=u$1v!F63!*+),!=&5),!,-$!=/.!9%Ov),!12&':)!H-),C!!
' D.'$-!=M)!1[$!12&':)!H-),!AB),!=M)!1[$!R)%!HR),!!
Câu 21. !!€%†)!$@&!H6.!=:!1?)%!$%L1!$]6!H-),!*.W)!1™!!
' A.'H-),!*.W)!1™!12&':)!*O\$!$J!123),!$%@)!4%5),C!!
' B.'H-),!*.W)!1™!G6),!1%u3!)š),!"O\),!!
!' C.' =M)! 1[$! 12&':)! $]6! H-),! *.W)! 1™! 123),! G†.! G5.! 12OK),! AB),! =M)! 1[$! R)%! HR),! 123),! $%@)!
4%5),C!!
D.!H-),!*.W)!1™!"#!H-),!),6),7!$R$!=u$1v! =#! !"&5)!=&5),!,-$!)%6&!=#!=&5),!,-$!=/.!9%Ov),!
12&':)!H-),!!
!€%†)!9%R1!A.(&!H6.!4%.!)-.!=:!H-),!*.W)!1™!
A.'œ-),!*.W)!1™!*O\$!*8$!12O),!AN.!1;)!H[!%38$!AO/$!H-),7!,.I6!$%›),!$-!%W!1%˜$!λY!€df!!
LC
LC2
1
p
2
0
Q
R
LC
Q
2
0
2
1
2
0
Q
2
1
R
LC
Q
2
0
E
!
B
!
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
72
' B.'œ-),!*.W)!1™!$P),!$-!1?)%!$%L1!,.[),!)%O!G+1!H-),!$v!%†$!1%5),!1%OK),C!!
! C.'Zš),!"O\),!$]6!H-),!*.W)!1™!1•!"W!=/.!"P'!1%™6!AM$!•!$]6!1;)!H[C!!
! D.'œ-),!*.W)!1™!4%5),!12&':)!*O\$!123),!$%@)!4%5),C!
Câu 22. !!Z%M)!g‡1!)#3!=:!H-),!*.W)!1™!"#!H6.C!
# A.#z.W)!1?$%!F63!*+),!1%^!A˜$!g0!H-),!*.W)!1™C!!
' B.'X;)!H[!$]6!H-),!*.W)!1™!AB),!1;)!H[!`!$]6!*.W)!1?$%!F63!*+),C!!
' C.'œ-),!*.W)!1™!"#!H-),!F†$!' '
' D.'Zš),!"O\),!H-),!*.W)!1™!1•!"W!=/.!"P'!1%™6!AM$!•!$]6!1;)!H[!`!
Câu 23. !Sóng!điện!từ!và!sóng!cơ!học!không!có!cùng!tính!chất!nào.!!
' A.',.63!1%36!' ' B.'9%J)!g0!!
' C.'12&':)!*O\$!123),!$%@)!4%5),!' D.'G6),!)š),!"O\),!!
Câu 24. !€%†)!9%R1!A.(&!H6.!4%.!)-.!=:!H-),!=5!1&'j)C!!
! A.'€R$!H-),!12&),!A6)!),#'!$%›),!A>!1;),!*.W)!".!%L9!1%…!G0)%!)m)!4%5),!12&':)!g6!*O\$7!A6)!
*mG!$%›),!A>!1;),!*.W)!".!9%J)!g0!)m)!12&':)!*O\$!g6C!!
! B.'œ-),!F#.!A>!)O/$!%L9!1%…!G0)%!!
! C.'€R$!H3),!$V$!),U)!4%5),!A>!1;),!*.W)!".!%L9!1%…!%38$!9%J)!g07!$-!4%J!)š),!12&':)!*.!2L1!g6!
1%u3!*OK),!1%}),C!!
! D.'œ-),!$#),!),U)!1%^!)š),!"O\),!H-),!$#),!"/)!!
Câu 25. !Qzacnn¤S!o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!H6.!4%.!)-.!=:!H-),!*.W)!1™¡!
' A.'œ-),!*.W)!1™!"#!H-),!),6),C!!
!' B.'p%.!H-),!*.W)!1™!"6)!12&':)7!=u$1v!$OK),!*+!*.W)!12OK),!"&5)!=&5),!,-$!=/.!=u$1v!$JG!˜),!1™C!!
' C.'p%.!H-),!*.W)!1™!"6)!12&':)7!=u$1v!$OK),!*+!*.W)!12OK),!"&5)!$t),!9%Ov),!=/.!=u$1v!$JG!˜),!
1™C!!
!' D.'œ-),!*.W)!1™!"6)!12&':)!*O\$!123),!$%@)!4%5),C!!
Câu 26. !€%†)!*v)!=>!1%?$%!%\9!*.:)!=#3!$%•!12[),C!X23),!1%5),!1.)!=5!1&'j)7!),OK.!16!*ž!Ft),!$R$!
H-),!*.W)!1™!$-!1;)!H[!1™!%#),!),%^)ÀÀÀ12N!"m)!!
' A.'ab!' B.'4ab!' C.'Œab!' D.'•ab!!
Câu 27. !X23),!º!GR'!AU)!1[$!*+!º!gu!$+!12m)!*OK),C!!
! A.''€%•!$-!GR'!9%R1!H-),!=5!1&'j)' B.'€%•!$-!GR'!1%&!H-),!=5!1&'j)!
! C.'€-!$J!GR'!9%R1!=#!GR'!1%&!H-),!=5!1&'j)' D.' p%5),! $-! GR'! 9%R1! =#! GR'! 1%&! H-),! =5!
1&'j)!
Câu 28. !Máy!thu!chỉ!thu!được!sóng!của!đài!phát!khi!
! A.'$R$!G0$%!$-!*+!$JG!˜),!AB),!)%6&C' B.'$R$!G0$%!$-!*.W)!F&),!AB),!)%6&C'
' B.'$R$!G0$%!$-!*.W)!12N!AB),!)%6&C' D.' 1;)! H[! 2.m),! $]6! GR'! AB),! 1;)! H[! $]6! *#.!
9%R1!!
Câu 29. !Z,&'m)!1U$!$]6!G0$%!$%†)!H-),!123),!GR'!1%&!1%6)%!FV6!12m)!%.W)!1O\),C!!
' A.'1R$%!H-),!! B.',.63!1%36!H-),!! C.'$+),!%ON),!*.W)!' D.'H-),!F™),!!
Câu 30. !X23),!G0$%!F63!*+),!*.W)!1™!E€7!,.J!HŠ!$R$!1%5),!H[!4%R$!4%5),!*w.C!z(!1;)!H[!$]6!G0$%!9%R1!
26!1š),!)!";)!1%^!$;)!!
' A.'1š),!*.W)!F&),!€!"m)!)!";)!' B.',.JG!*.W)!F&),!€!g&[),!)!";)!!
' C.'1š),!*.W)!F&),!€!"m)!)
2
!";)!! D.',.JG!*.W)!F&),!€!g&[),!)
2
!";)!!
Câu 31. !Q€zcnn•S!p%.!)-.!=:!H-),!*.W)!1™7!9%R1!A.(&!)#3!FO/.!*@'!"#!sai?!!
! A.'X23),!<&R!12^)%!12&':)!H-),!*.W)!1™7!=u$1v!$OK),!*+!*.W)!12OK),!=#!=u$1v!$JG!˜),!1™!"&5)!
$t),!9%Ov),C!!
! B.'œ-),!*.W)!1™!12&':)!*O\$!123),!G5.!12OK),!=M1!$%L1!=#!123),!$%@)!4%5),C!!
! C.'X23),!$%@)!4%5),7!H-),!*.W)!1™!"6)!12&':)!=/.!=M)!1[$!AB),!=M)!1[$!R)%!HR),C!!
! D.'œ-),!*.W)!1™!A>!9%J)!g0!4%.!,89!G81!9%@)!$R$%!,.I6!%6.!G5.!12OK),C!!
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
73
Câu 32. Œ0$%!F63!*+),!*.W)!1™!E€!"?!1ON),!*6),!%301!*+),C!z.W)!1?$%!$]6!G+1!AJ)!1…!*.W)!!
' A.'A.j)!1%.m)!1%u3!%#G!AM$!)%L1!$]6!1%K.!,.6)!! B.'A.j)!1%.m)!1%u3!%#G!AM$!%6.!$]6!1%K.!,.6)!!
!' C.'A.j)!1%.m)!*.:&!%f6!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)C!! D.'4%5),!1%6'!*w.!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)!!
Câu 33. !Œ+1!1…!*.W)!*O\$!1?$%!*.W)!2ˆ.!*uG!)[.!=/.!G+1!$&+)!F@'!1%#)%!G+1!G0$%!4?)C!e63!*+),!*.W)!
1™!123),!G0$%!"#!G+1!F63!*+),!1U1!F;)C!Z,&'m)!)%@)!$]6!HV!1U1!F;)!"#T!!
' A.'1¢6!)%.W1!12m)!*.W)!12N!$]6!F@'!F¹)!123),!G0$%!!
' B.'A˜$!g0!H-),!*.W)!1™!!
!' C.'1¢6!)%.W1!=#!A˜$!g0!H-),!*.W)!1™!! !
' D.'1…!*.W)!A>!)-),!"m)!!
Câu 34. !€%†)!$@&!12J!"K.!H6.C!X23),!Hv!*ˆ!4%[.!$]6!GR'!1%&!H-),!=5!1&'j)!*.W)7!A+!9%M)!$-!123),!GR'!
1%&!"#!!
' A.'Œ0$%!$%†)!H-),!! B.'Œ0$%!A.j)!*.W&!' C.'Œ0$%!1R$%!H-),!' D.'Œ0$%!4%&j$%!*0.!!
Câu 35. !p?!%.W&!$R$!"30.!F63!*+),!H6&T!Q–S!e63!*+),!1V!F3!QcS!e63!*+),!F&'!12^!QŽS!e63!*+),!$O³),!
A˜$!Q•S!e63!*+),!*.:&!%f6C!e63!*+),!*.W)!1™!123),!G0$%!E€!"?!1ON),!1%&+$!"30.!F63!*+),!)#3!4(!12m)!!
' A.'QŽS!=#!Q•S!! B.'Q–S!=#!QcS!' C.'QcS!=#!Q•S!' D.'Q–S!=#!Q•S!!
Câu 36. !!Œ+1!G0$%!F63!*+),!"?!1ON),!*6),!$-!F63!*+),!*.W)!1™!1V!F3!=/.!$%&!4^!F63!*+),!XC!X0.!1%K.!
*.(G!1!Y!n7!*.W)!1?$%!12m)!G+1!AJ)!1…!*.W)!*01!,.R!12>!$V$!*0.C!z.W)!1?$%!12m)!AJ)!1…!)#'!AB),!n!N!1%K.!
*.(G!*;&!1.m)!Q4(!1™!1!Y!nS!"#!!
' A.' !! B.' ! C.' ' D.' ! !
Câu 37. !X23),!G0$%!F63!*+),!E€7!*.W)!1?$%!12m)!1…!*.W)!=#!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!<&6!$&+)!$JG!1%&;)!
A.j)!1%.m)C!!
' A.'*.:&!%f6!$t),!1;)!H[C! B.'1&;)!%3#)!$t),!A.m)!*+!!
' C.'*.:&!%f6!$t),!9%6!' ' D.'*.:&!%f6!=#!),O\$!9%6!)%6&!!
Câu 38. !ef),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!*.!<&6!G0$%!$-!1…!*.W)!"#!F3!!
! A.'$R$!%01!G6),!*.W)!1V!F3!F63!*+),!1™!AJ)!$V$!)#'!H6),!AJ)!$V$!4.6C!!
! B.'123),!1…!*.W)!$-!G+1!*.W)!1™!12OK),!A.j)!1%.m)!$t),!1;)!H[!=/.!),&ˆ)!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&C!!
! C.'$%L1!*.W)!G5.!$]6!1…!*.W)!$%3!9%‡9!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!*.!<&6C!!
! D.'123),!1…!*.W)!$-!G+1!Ff),!*.W)!H.)%!26!)%K!HV!F>$%!$%&'()!$-!%O/),!$]6!$R$!*.W)!1?$%!!
Câu 39. !œ-),!*.W)!1™!"#C!
# A.#HV!A.j)!1%.m)!$]6!*.W)!12OK),!=#!1™!12OK),!123),!G5.!12OK),!=M1!$%L1C!!
! B.'HV!"6)!12&':)!*.W)!12OK),!=#!1™!12OK),!123),!4%5),!,.6)C!!
! C.'HV!A.j)!1%.m)!1&;)!%3#)!$]6!*.W)!12OK),!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)!!
' D.'HV!A.j)!1%.m)!1&;)!%3#)!$]6!1™!12OK),!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)!!
Câu 40. !!o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!H6.!4%.!)-.!=:!*.W)!1™!12OK),C!!
' A.'z.W)!12OK),!=#!1™!12OK),!A.j)!1%.m)!$t),!1;)!H[!!
' B.'z.W)!12OK),!=#!1™!12OK),!$%•!"6)!12&':)!123),!$R$!G5.!12OK),!=M1!$%L1C!!
!' C.' z.W)! 12OK),! =#! 1™! 12OK),! $t),! 1ˆ)! 10.! 123),! 4%5),! ,.6)! =#! $-! 1%(! $%&'()! %-6! "¹)! )%6&!
' D.'z.W)!12OK),!=#!1™!12OK),!A.j)!1%.m)!1&;)!%3#)!=#!"&5)!*ˆ),!9%6!=/.!)%6&C!!
Câu 41. !Phát!biểu!nào!đúng!.!!
' A.'œ-),!*.W)!1™!$-!1%(!"#!H-),!),6),!%6'!H-),!F†$C!!
' B.'œ-),!*.W)!1™!$%•!"6)!12&':)!*O\$!123),!G5.!12OK),!=M1!$%L1C!!
!' C.'X[$!*+!"6)!12&':)!$]6!H-),!*.W)!1™!4%5),!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!G5.!12OK),!!
' D.'œ-),!*.W)!1™!"6)!12&':)!*O\$!$J!123),!G5.!12OK),!=M1!$%L1!"¹)!$%@)!4%5),C!!
Câu 42. !!Z%I),!$R$%!)#3!H6&!*@'!$-!1%(!9%R1!26!H-),!*.W)!1™C!!
' A.'€%3!G+1!*.W)!1?$%!F63!*+),C!!
' B.'€%3!*.W)!1?$%!$%&'()!*+),!1%}),!*:&!!
8
T
2
T
6
T
4
T
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
74
! C.'X?$%!*.W)!$%3!G+1!1…!*.W)!2ˆ.!$%3!)-!9%-),!*.W)!<&6!G+1!=M1!F¹)C!!
D.'€%3!Ff),!*.W)!4%5),!*w.!*.!<&6!$&+)!1%&;)!$JGC!!
Câu 43. !!z.:&!4.W)!$]6!G+1!GR'!1%&!1%6)%!$-!1%(!1%&!*O\$!H-),!*.W)!1™!9%R1!26!1™!G+1!*#.!9%R1!1%6)%!
"#T!
# A.#X?)!%.W&!$]6!*#.!9%R1!$t),!A.m)!*+!=/.!H-),!$]6!GR'!1%&!1%6)%C!!
!' B.'X;)!H[!$]6!GR'!1%&!1%6)%!AB),!1;)!H[!$]6!*#.!9%R1!!
' C.'Zš),!"O\),!H-),!$]6!*#.!9%R1!9%J.!4%5),!*w.!!
!' D.'Ö),s1u)!$]6!GR'!1%&!1%6)%!9%J.!%O/),!=:!9%?6!=/.!š),s1u)!$]6!*#.!9%R1!!!
Câu 44. !Trong!mạch!dao!động!LC!thì!điện!trường!và!từ!trường!biến!thiên!!
' A.'"W$%!9%6!)%6&!π/2!' B.'),O\$!9%6!)%6&!# C.#$t),!9%6!' D.'"W$%!9%6!)%6&!πd•!!
Câu 45. !p%.!*[.!$%.j&!F63!*+),!*.W)!1™!123),!G0$%!F63!*+),!E€!=/.!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!$]6!$3)!"U$!
*v)C!!
' A.'$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!.!$-!=6.!12f!)%O!=M)!1[$!1˜$!1%K.!=C!!
' B.'*.W)!1?$%!<!$-!=6.!12f!)%O!*+!$63!$]6!=M1!F63!*+),!!
!' C.')š),!"O\),!*.W)!12OK),!$-!=6.!12f!)%O!*+),!)š),!!
' D.')š),!"O\),!1™!12OK),!$-!=6.!12f!)%O!1%j!)š),!!
Câu 46. !€%†)!H[!9%R1!A.(&!H6.C!!
!I.!X23),!1V!)%.m)!4%5),!1ˆ)!10.!*.W)!12OK),!A.j)!1%.m)C!!
II.!z.W)!12OK),!A.j)!1%.m)!=#!1™!12OK),!A.j)!1%.m)!$-!$%&),!G+1!),&ˆ)!,[$C!!
III.!z.W)!12OK),!1—)%!=#!*.W)!12OK),!g3R'!$-!$%&),!G+1!),&ˆ)!,[$C!!
IV.!Z%K!%.W)!1O\),!$JG!˜),!*.W)!1™!G#!),OK.!16!9%R1!%.W)!26!*.W)!12OK),!g3R'!!
' A.'–!! B.'c!! C.'Ž!! D.'•!!
Câu 47. !p%.!)-.!=:!*.W)!1™!12OK),7!9%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!H6.¡!!
! A.'Zj&!10.!G+1!)v.!$-!1™!12OK),!A.j)!1%.m)!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)!1%^!10.!*-!g&L1!%.W)!*.W)!12OK),!g3R'C!!
! B.'z.W)!12OK),!=#!1™!12OK),!"#!%6.!G81!1%(!%.W)!4%R$!)%6&!$]6!G+1!12OK),!F&'!)%L1!,†.!"#!*.W)!1™!
12OK),C!!
! C.'X23),!<&R!12^)%!"6)!12&':)!*.W)!1™!12OK),7!=u$13!$OK),!*+!*.W)!12OK),!=#!=u$13!$JG!˜),!1™!
10.!G+1!*.(G!"&5)!=&5),!,-$!=/.!)%6&C!!
' D.'z.W)!12OK),!4%5),!"6)!12&':)!*O\$!123),!*.W)!G5.C!!
Câu 48. !Thiết!bị!nào!sau!đây!không!có!trong!máy!phát!thanh,!phát!hình!bằng!vô!tuyến!điện.!!
! A.!ŒR'!A.j)!R9!! B.'ŒR'!1R$%!H-),!! C.'Œ0$%!F63!*+),!! !D.'Œ0$%!12+)!H-),!!
Câu 49. !X%.j1!A>!)#3!H6&!*@'!4%5),!$-!123),!GR'!1%&!1%6)%7!1%&!%^)%!AB),!=5!1&'j)!*.W)C!!
' A.'Œ0$%!4%&j$%!*0.!! B.'Œ0$%!12+)!H-),!! C.'Œ0$%!F63!*+),!! D.'Œ0$%!1R$%!H-),!!
Câu 50. !p?!%.W&!$R$!G0$%!QA+!9%M)S!)%O!H6&T!Q–S!Œ0$%!1R$%!H-),i!QcS!Œ0$%!4%&j$%!*0.!@G!1;)i!QŽS!
Œ0$%!4%&j$%!*0.!$63!1;)i!Q•S!Œ0$%!A.j)!*.W&C!X23),!Hv!*ˆ!4%[.!$]6!GR'!1%&!1%6)%!=5!1&'j)!*.W)7!
4%5),!$-!G0$%!)#3!4(!12m)C!!
' A.'Q–S!=#!QcS!! B.'QŽS!! C.'QŽS!=#!Q•S!! D.'Q•S!!
Câu 51. !€R$!GR'!H6&!*@'7!GR'!)#3!HŠ!F…),!H-),!=5!1&'j)!*.W)C!!
' A.'Ef!=.!H-),!' ' B.'€R$!*.:&!4%.()!1V!*+),!<&01!$@'!!
!' C.'ŒR'!H.m&!@G!Q*(!Ff!w!A…),!"›$!4%RG!AW)%S!! D.'z.W)!1%30.!$[!*>)%!º!G²!=#!$3)Ç!!
Câu 52. !Sóng!điện!từ!nào!bị!phản!xạ!mạnh!nhất!ở!tầng!điện!li.!!
' A.'œ-),!F#.!' B.'œ-),!12&),!' C.'œ-),!),U)!' D.'œ-),!$V$!),U)!!
Câu 53. !€%†)!$@&!12J!"K.!H6.C!z.W)!12OK),!g3R'C!!
' A.'F3!1™!12OK),!A.j)!1%.m)!H.)%!26!' '
' B.'$-!*OK),!H˜$!"#!*OK),!$3),!4%‡9!4?)!!
! C.'A.j)!1%.m)!123),!4%5),!,.6)!=#!$J!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)!!
! D.'$-!*OK),!H˜$!"#!)%I),!*OK),!12f)!*ˆ),!1@G!$-!1@G!)BG!N!),&ˆ)!9%R1!H-),!!
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
75
Câu 54. !!œf),!*.W)!1™!)#3!H6&!*@'!$-!1%(!*.!=f),!<&6)%!X2R.!*L1C!!
A.'œ-),!F#.!! B.'œ-),!12&),!! C.'œ-),!),U)!! D.'œ-),!$V$!),U)!!
Câu 55. !€%†)!9%R1!A.(&!H6.!4%.!)-.!=:!1?)%!$%L1!$]6!H-),!*.W)!1™C!!
' A.'œ-),!*.W)!1™!9%J)!g0!*O\$!12m)!$R$!G81!4.G!"30.C!!
' B.'œ-),!*.W)!1™!$-!1%(!,.63!1%36!*O\$!=/.!)%6&C!!
!' C.'œ-),!*.W)!1™!$-!1%(!103!26!*O\$!%.W)!1O\),!H-),!F™),!!
# D.#œ-),!*.W)!1™!4%5),!$-!%.W)!1O\),!)%.”&!g0!!
Câu 56. !Z,&'m)!1U$!$]6!G0$%!$%†)!H-),!123),!GR'!1%&!1%6)%!FV6!12m)!%.W)!1O\),!!
' A.'•.63!1%36!H-),!! ! B.'œ-),!F™),!!
! C.'€+),!%ON),!*.W)!! ! D.'Œ+1!%.W)!1O\),!4%R$!!
Câu 57. !o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!*›),!4%.!)-.!=:!*.W)!1™!12OK),!!
! A.'z.W)!12OK),!A.j)!1%.m)!=#!1™!12OK),!A.j)!1%.m)!1ˆ)!10.!2.m),!A.W17!*+$!"M9!=/.!)%6&C!!
! B.'z.W)!12OK),!A.j)!1%.m)!=#!1™!12OK),!A.j)!1%.m)!".m)!<&6)!GM1!1%.j1!=/.!)%6&!=#!"#!%6.!1%#)%!
9%;)!$]6!G+1!12OK),!1%[),!)%L1!,†.!"#!*.W)!1™!12OK),!!
! C.'X[$!*+!"6)!12&':)!$]6!*.W)!1™!12OK),!123),!$%L1!2U)!"/)!)%L17!123),!$%L1!4%?!A‡!)%L1!=#!4%5),!
"6)!12&':)!*O\$!123),!$%@)!4%5),C!!
' D.'$%›),!"&5)!F63!*+),!=&5),!9%6!=/.!)%6&C!!
Câu 58. !!p?!%.W&!$R$!G0$%!QA+!9%M)S!)%O!H6&T!Q–S!Œ0$%!1R$%!H-),i!QcS!Œ0$%!4%&j$%!*0.i!QŽS!Œ0$%!A.j)!
*.W&i!Q•S!Œ0$%!$%†)!H-),C!X23),!$R$!GR'!1%&!1%6)%7!GR'!1%&!%^)%7!G0$%!)#3!)m&!12m)!%301!*+),!FV6!
12m)!%.W)!1O\),!$+),!%ON),!F63!*+),!*.W)!1™!!
' A.'Q–S!! B.'Q•S!! C.'QcS!=#!QŽS!! D.'Q–S!=#!Q•S!!
Câu 59. !Q€zcn––S!X23),!G0$%!F63!*+),!"?!1ON),!,ˆG!1…!*.W)!$-!*.W)!F&),!€!=#!$&+)!$JG!1%&;)!$-!
*+!1V!$JG!E7!*6),!$-!F63!*+),!*.W)!1™!1V!F3C!l.j1!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!$V$!*0.!,.I6!%6.!AJ)!1…!"#! C!p%.!
%.W&!*.W)!1%j!,.I6!%6.!AJ)!1…!"#!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!123),!G0$%!$-!*+!"/)!AB),!!
! A.' ! B.' C!! C.' ! D.# !
Câu 60. !Qzacnn•S!X23),!G+1!G0$%!F63!*+),!E€!4%5),!$-!*.W)!12N!1%&;)7!$-!F63!*+),!*.W)!1™!1V!F3!
QF63!*+),!2.m),SC!a.W&!*.W)!1%j!$V$!*0.!,.I6!%6.!AJ)!1…!=#!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!$V$!*0.!<&6!G0$%!";)!
"O\1!"#!Ì
0
!=#!-
0
C!X0.!1%K.!*.(G!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!123),!G0$%!$-!,.R!12>!-
0
/
c!1%^!*+!"/)!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!
,.I6!%6.!AJ)!1…!*.()!"#!!
' A.' Ì
0
!! B.# Ì
0!
C.' Ì
0
! D.' Ì
0
!!
Câu 61. !Qzacnn¤S!X23),!G0$%!F63!*+),!E€!"?!1ON),!*6),!$-!F63!*+),!*.W)!1™!1V!F37!*.W)!1?$%!$]6!G+1!
AJ)!1…!*.W)!=#!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!<&6!$&+)!$JG!A.j)!1%.m)!*.:&!%f6!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)!!
' A.'"&5)!),O\$!9%6!)%6&C!B.'=/.!$t),!A.m)!*+C!! C.'"&5)!$t),!9%6!)%6&C!! D.#=/.!$t),!1;)!H[C!!
Câu 62. !Qzacn–cS!X0.!a#!Z+.7!G+1!GR'!*6),!9%R1!H-),!*.W)!1™C!’‡1!G+1!9%Ov),!12&':)!$-!9%Ov),!
1%}),!*˜),!%O/),!"m)C!_#3!1%K.!*.(G!17!10.!*.(G!Œ!12m)!9%Ov),!12&':)7!=u$1v!$JG!˜),!1™!*6),!$-!*+!
"/)!$V$!*0.!=#!%O/),!=:!9%?6!Z6GC!p%.!*-!=u$1v!$OK),!*+!*.W)!12OK),!$-!!
' A.'*+!"/)!$V$!*0.!=#!%O/),!=:!9%?6!X@'C!! B.'*+!"/)!$V$!*0.!=#!%O/),!=:!9%?6!z5),C!!
!' C.'*+!"/)!AB),!4%5),C!! !! D.'*+!"/)!$V$!*0.!=#!%O/),!=:!9%?6!lU$C!!
Câu 63. !QXZcn–•S!X23),!Hv!*ˆ!4%[.!$]6!G+1!GR'!1%&!1%6)%!=5!1&'j)!*v)!,.J)!4%5),!$-!9%M)!)#3!H6&!
*@'¡!!
' A.'Œ0$%!4%&j$%!*0.!@G!1;)!' B.'Œ0$%!A.j)!*.W&!! !
' C.'E36!! ' D.'Œ0$%!1R$%!H-),!!
Câu 64. !Q€zcnn®S!œ-),!*.W)!1™!=#!H-),!$v!%†$!4%5),!$-!$%&),!1?)%!$%L1!)#3!FO/.!*@'¡!!
2
U
0
C
L3
2
U
0
L
C5
2
U
0
C
L5
2
U
0
L
C3
2
U
0
4
3
2
3
2
1
4
3
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
76
! A.'o%J)!g0C!! ! B.'X2&':)!*O\$!123),!$%@)!4%5),C!!
' C.'Œ6),!)š),!"O\),C!! !' D.'p%›$!g0C!!
Câu 65. Q€zcnn®S!œ-),!*.W)!1™!"#!<&R!12^)%!"6)!12&':)!$]6!*.W)!1™!12OK),!A.j)!1%.m)7!123),!4%5),!,.6)C!
p%.!)-.!=:!<&6)!%W!,.I6!*.W)!12OK),!=#!1™!12OK),!$]6!*.W)!1™!12OK),!12m)!1%^!4j1!"&M)!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!
*›),¡!
' A.'_‡$1v!$OK),!*+!*.W)!12OK),!=#!$JG!˜),!1™!$t),!9%Ov),!=#!$t),!*+!"/)C!!
! B.'X0.!G•.!*.(G!$]6!4%5),!,.6)7!*.W)!12OK),!=#!1™!12OK),!"&5)!"&5)!F63!*+),!),O\$!9%6C!!
! C.'X0.!G•.!*.(G!$]6!4%5),!,.6)7!*.W)!12OK),!=#!1™!12OK),!"&5)!"&5)!F63!*+),!"W$%!9%6!)%6&!£dcC!!
! D.'z.W)!12OK),!=#!1™!12OK),!A.j)!1%.m)!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)!=/.!$t),!$%&!4^C!!
Câu 66. !!Qzacn–ŽS!Œ+1!G0$%!F63!*+),!E€!"´!1ON),!*6),!1%V$!%.W)!F63!*+),!*.W)!1™!1V!F3C!l.j1!*.W)!
1?$%!$V$!*0.!$]6!1…!*.W)!"#!<
0
!=#!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)!$V$!*0.!123),!G0$%!"#!-
0
C!X0.!1%K.!*.(G!$OK),!*+!
Ff),!*.W)!123),!G0$%!AB),!n7Ÿ-
0
!1%^!*.W)!1?$%!$]6!1…!*.W)!$-!*+!"/)!!
A.' ' B.' ' C.' C! D.' !
Câu 67. !Qzacnn¤S!Œ+1!G0$%!F63!*+),!*.W)!1™!E€!"?!1ON),!,ˆG!$&+)!$JG!1%&;)!*+!1V!$JG!E!=#!1…!*.W)!
$-!*.W)!F&),!1%6'!*w.!*O\$!1™!€
1
!*j)!€
2
C!Œ0$%!F63!*+),!)#'!$-!$%&!4^!F63!*+),!2.m),!1%6'!*w.!*O\$C!!
' A.'1™!•£ !*j)!•£ !! B.#1™!c£
!
*j)!c£
!!
!
C.'1™!c !*j)!c 'D.'1™!• !*j)!• !!
!!
BẢNG'TRA'ĐÁP'ÁN'CHỦ'ĐỀ'-'CHƯƠNG'4'
1A''
2D''
3B''
4D''
5B''
6D''
7A''
8C''
9A''
10D''
11B''
12D''
13B''
14D''
15A''
16D''
17D''
18C''
19C''
20D''
21C''
22D''
23C''
24C''
25B''
26C''
27C''
28C''
29D''
30C''
31D''
32A''
33C''
34C''
35C''
36D''
3DD''
38B''
39B''
40B''
41B''
42D''
43A''
44B''
45C''
46A''
47B''
48D''
49B''
50B''
51C''
52D''
53C''
54D''
55C''
56D''
57C''
58B''
59B''
60D''
61B''
62D''
63B''
64B''
65B''
66D''
67B''
68B''
''
''
''
''
''
''
''
!!
' Chương'VI:'SÓNG'ÁNH'SÁNG'' ''
CHỦ'ĐỀ'1:'TÁN'SẮC'ÁNH'SÁNG'+'GIAO'THOA'ÁNH'SÁNG'' ''
!!
A.'LÝ'THUYẾT'CẦN'NHỚ:''
' I.##TÁN#SẮC#ÁNH#SÁNG:''
1.#Thuyết#song#ánh#sáng:''
s!¨)%!HR),!$-!AJ)!$%L1!"#!H-),!*.W)!1™C!!
s!Œ•.!R)%!HR),!"#!G+1!H-),!$-!tần!số!f!gR$!*>)%7!tương!ứng!với!một!màu!xác!định.!!
s!¨)%!HR),!khả!kiến!$-!1;)!H[!)BG!123),!4%3J),!Ž7¤•®C–n
14!
Hz!QG#&!*¢S!*j)!®7ŸC–n
14!
Hz!QG#&!1?GSC!!
-!Trong!chân!không!mọi!ánh!sáng!*:&!12&':)!=/.!=M)!1[$!"#!v!Y!c!=3.10
8
!m/s!
X23),!$%@)!4%5),7!R)%!HR),!)%^)!1%L'!$-!AO/$!H-),T!λ
tím!
≈!n7Ž•!μm!Q1?GS! !λ
đỏ!
≈ n7®¥!μm!Q*¢SC!X23),!
$R$! G5.! 12OK),! 4%R$! $%@)! 4%5),7! =M)! 1[$! )%¢! %v)! )m)! AO/$! H-),! λY! =d`! )%¢! %v)! )! ";)C! _/.! n!Y!
123),! *-! )! *O\$! ,†.! "#! $%.j1! H&L1! $]6! G5.!
12OK),C!!
2.#Tán#sắc#ánh#sáng:''
a)#Tán'sắc'ánh'sáng:!"#!HV!9%@)!1R$%!G+1!$%tG!R)%!
HR),!9%˜$!109!1%#)%!$R$!$%tG!HR),!*v)!HU$!*v)!,.J)!
Qa6'!%.W)!1O\),! R)%!HR),!12U),! A>!1R$%!1%#)%! )%.:&!
2
2q
0
2
3q
0
2
q
0
2
5q
0
1
LC
2
LC
1
LC
2
LC
1
LC
2
LC
1
LC
2
LC
÷
v
c
0
=
l
l
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
77
G#&!1™!*¢!*j)!1?G!4%.!4%›$!g0!N!G81!9%@)!$R$%!,.I6!%6.!G5.!12OK),!123),!H&[1S!,†.!"#!%.W)!1O\),!1R)!
HU$!R)%!HR),C!!
*
!Dãi!sáng!nhiều!màu!từ!đỏ!đến!tím!gọi!là!quang!phổ!của!ánh!sáng!trắng,!nó!gồm!7!mà!u!chính:!đỏ,!
cam,!vàng,!lục,!lam,!chàm,!tím!.!!
1.'Nguyên'nhân'của'hiện'tượng'tán'sắc'ánh'sáng:'(Giải'thích)!Z,&'m)!)%@)!$]6!%.W)!1O\),!1R)!
HU$!R)%!HR),!"#!F3!!
s!€%.j1!H&L1!$]6!G+1!$%L1!123),!H&[1!*[.!=/.!$R$!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!4%R$!)%6&!"#!4%R$!)%6&!=#!1š),!"m)!
1™!*¢!*j)!1?GC!Hay!chiết!suất!$]6!G5.!12OK),!123),!H&[1!A.j)!1%.m)!1%u3!G#&!HU$!R)%!HR),!=#!tăng!dần!
từ!màu!đỏ!đến!màu!tím!Q)
đỏ
!ƒ!)
cam
!ƒ!)
vàng
!ƒ!)
lục
!ƒ!)
lam
!ƒ!)
chàm
!ƒ!)
tím!)
C!€…!1%(T!!
D!¨)%!HR),!$-!1;)!H[!)%¢!QAO/$!H-),!F#.S!1%^!$%.j1!H&L1!$]6!G5.!12OK),!A‡C!!
D!Z,O\$!"0.!R)%!HR),!$-!1;)!H[!"/)!QAO/$!H-),!),U)S!1%^!$%.j1!H&L1!$]6!G5.!12OK),!"/)C!!
€%.j&!$%tG!R)%!HR),!12U),!$%˜6!)%.:&!1%#)%!9%;)!*v)!HU$!*j)!G81!9%@)!$R$%!,.I6!%6.!G5.!12OK),!
123),!H&[1!FO/.!$t),!G+1!,-$!1/.7!)%O),!F3!$%.j1!H&L1!$]6!G5.!12OK),!123),!H&[1!*[.!=/.!$R$!1.6!*v)!
HU$!4%R$!)%6&!)m)!A>!4%›$!g0!FO/.!$R$!,-$!4%›$!g0!4%R$!)%6&C!pj1!<&J7!H6&!4%.!*.!<&6!"š),!4?)%!$%›),!
A>!1R$%!1%#)%!)%.:&!$%tG!R)%!HR),!$-!G#&!HU$!4%R$!)%6&!Y„!tán'sắc'ánh'sáng.!!
*!Ứng!dụngT!•.J.!1%?$%!G+1!H[!%.W)!1O\),!1V!)%.m)!Q$;&!=ˆ),!À!S!µ),!F…),!123),!GR'!<&6),!9%w!
"š),!4?)%!*(!9%@)!1?$%!$%tG!HR),!9%˜$!109!1%#)%!$%tG!*v)!HU$!*v)!,.J)C!!
2.'Ánh'sáng'đơn'sắc-'Ánh'sáng'trắng:''
a)'Ánh'sáng'đơn'sắc:!¨)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!"#!R)%!HR),!$-!AO/$!H-),!Q1;)!H[S!=#!G#&!HU$!gR$!*>)%7!)-!
4%5),!A>!1R)!HU$!G#!$%•!A>!"W$%!4%.!<&6!"š),!4?)%C!!
Œ+1!$%tG!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!4%.!12&':)!1™!G5.!12OK),!)#'!H6),!G5.!12OK),!4%R$7!thì!tần!số!và!màu!
sắc!không!bị!thay!đổi.!!
-!Bước!sóng!của!ánh!sáng!đơn!sắc:!!
! D!X23),!$%@)!4%5),T!Q%38$!,;)!F&),!"#!123),!4%5),!4%?ST!v!=!!c!=!3.10
8
!m/s!Þ!λ
0!
Y$d`!!
! D!X23),!G5.!12OK),!$-!$%.j1!H&L1!)T!v!ƒ!Yc!=!ŽC–n
8!
m/s!!Þ!λ!Y!=d`!
! ! !e3!n!„!–!Þ!λ!ƒ!λ
0!
*!Một#ánh#sáng#đơn#sắc#qua#nhiều#môi#trường#trong#suốt:!!
s!Không'đổiT!Màu!sắc,!tần!số,!không!tán!sắc.#!
s!X%6'!*w.T!Vận!tốc!v!Y ,!bước!sóng!n!Y !
*!Nhiều#ánh#sáng#đơn#sắc#qua#một#môi#trường:!!
s!¨)%!HR),!AO/$!H-),!"/)!à!EW$%!?1!1%^!$%.j1!H&L1!)%¢i!*.!)%6)%!QChân!dàià!chạy! nhanhS!à!4%J!)š),!
o’Xo!$#),!?1QF”!1%3R1!26!),3#.S!C_/.!n!Y!h!D! !
s!lO/$!H-),!$#),!)%¢!à!EW$%!)%.:&!1%^!$%.j1!H&L1!"/)7!*.!$%MG!QChân!ngắnà!chạy!chậmS7!4%J!)š),!
o’Xo!$#),!$63C!!
b)#Ánh'sáng'trắng:!¨)%!HR),!12U),!"#!%•)!%\9!$]6!)%.:&!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!4%R$!)%6&!$-!G#&!A.j)!
1%.m)!".m)!1…$!1™!*¢!*j)!1?GC!lO/$!sóng'của'ánh'sáng'trắng:'0,38'μm'≤'λ'≤'0,76'μm''
3.'Chiết'suất'–'Vận'tốc'–tần'số'và'bước'sóng''
*!Vận'tốc!12&':)!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!G5.!12OK),!12&':)!R)%!HR),C!!
D!X23),!4%5),!4%?!=M)!1[$!*-!"#!v!Y!c!=!Ž!–n
8
m/s!!
D!X23),!G5.!12OK),!$-!$%.j1!H&L1!)!*[.!=/.!R)%!HR),!*-7!=M)!1[$!12&':)!H-),T!v!Y!ƒ! ƒ!$!
!
n
v
c
0
==
l
l
Þ
n
c
l
l
0
2
0
B
l
n
c
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
78
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
II.## GIAO#THOA#ÁNH#SÁNG:''
1.#Hiện#tượng#nhiễu#xạ#ánh#sáng:''
s! a.W)! 1O\),! 12&':)! H6.! "W$%! H3! =/.! HV! 12&':)! 1%}),! 4%.! R)%!
HR),!,89!=M1!$J)!,†.!"#!%.W)!1O\),!)%.”&!g0!R)%!HR),C!
s!a.W)!1O\),!)%.”&!g0!R)%!HR),!$%•!$-!1%(!,.J.!1%?$%!)j&!1%™6!
)%M)!R)%!HR),!$-!1?)%!$%L1!H-),C!!
s!Υ.!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!$3.!)%O!G+1!H-),!$-!AO/$!H-),!%38$!1;)!
H[!123),!$%@)!4%5),!%3#)!13#)!gR$!*>)%C!
2.##Hiện#tượng#giao#thoa#ánh#sáng:#'
!' Hiện# tượng# giao# thoa# ánh# sáng:! "#! %.W)! 1O\),! 4%.! %6.!
sóng# ánh# sáng# kết# hợp! ,89! )%6&! 123),! 4%5),! ,.6)7! =t),! %6.!
H-),!,89!)%6&!g&L1!%.W)!)%I),!=0$%!2L1!HR),!Qvân!sáng!S!gu)!4Â!
)%I),!=0$%!1[.!Qvân!tối!ST!,†.!"#!các'vân#giao#thoa'.!!
a.#Vị'trí'của'vân'sáng'và'vân'tối'trong'vùng'giao'thoa''
!D!p%3J),!$R$%!,.I6!%6.!4%uT!a'='S
1
S
2
!!
!D!p%3J),!$R$%!1™!G#)!*j)!%6.!4%u!:'D'='OI!Q"#!*OK),!12&),!12V$!
$]6!œ
1
œ
2
S!!
!D!_>!12?!$]6!G+1!*.(G!Œ!12m)!=t),!,.63!1%36!*O\$!gR$!*>)%!AN.!T!
g!Y!kŒi!F
1
!Y!œ
1
Œi!F
2
!Y!œ
2
ŒC!!
'+'Hiệu'đường'đi:''
+' Độ' lệch' pha' giữa' hai' sóng' tại' một'
điểm:''
!
!
!
à
'Nếu'tại'M'là'vân'sáng'thìT!a6.!H-),!1™!œ
1
!=#!œ
2
!12&':)!*j)!Œ!"#!%6.!
H-),!$t),!9%6! F
2
!s!F
1!
Y!k.λ!!
! !=/.!4!Y!n7!±!–7!±!c7À!!!!!
Trong'đó:#'
!D!λT!AO/$!H-),!$]6!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!!
!D!4!Y!n!Qg!Y!nST!=@)!HR),!$%?)%!,.I6!Q=@)!HR),!12&),!1@GS!!
!D!4!Y!y!–T!=@)!HR),!AM$!–!!
!D!4!Y!y!cT!=@)!HR),!AM$!c!ÀÀÀÀÀÀÀC!!
Û
i.k
a
D
.kx
s
=
l
=Þ
!
!
D
x.a
dd
12
=-=d
( )
D
x.a2
dd
2
.
2
12
=
l
p
=-
l
p
=d
l
p
=jD
Vùng%giao%
thoa
%
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
79
à!Nếu'tại'M'là'vân'tối'thì:!a6.!H-),!1™!œ
1
!=#!œ
2
!12&':)!*j)!Œ!"#!%6.!H-),!),O\$!9%6! F
2
!s!F
1!
Y
!
! !=/.!4r!Y!n7!±!–7!±!c7À!!!!
!X23),!*-T!!
!D!k!~!Y!ni!s–T!=@)!1[.!AM$!–!!
!D!k~!Y!–i!scT!=@)!1[.!AM$!c!!
!D!k!~Y!ci!sŽT!=@)!1[.!AM$!Ž!ÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀ!!
2-'Khoảng'vân' i:!"#!4%3J),!$R$%!,.I6!%6.!=@)!HR),!Q%6'!%6.!=@)!1[.S!".m)!1.j9!)BG!$0)%!)%6&C!p?!%.W&T!
.!!
i!Y!x
(k+1)
!s!x
k
!Y!Qk!D–SC skC !Þ!.!Y ! !!
! !€%›!´T!!
"
!Bề!rộng!của!khoảng!vân!i!phụ!thuộc!vào!bước!sóng!ánh!sáng!!
"
!Số!vân!sáng!và!vân!tối!ở!phần!nửa!t rên!và!nửa!dưới!vân!sáng!trung!tâm!hoàn!toàn!giống!hệt!nhau!,!
đối!xứng!nhau!và!xen!kẻ!nhau!một!cách!đều!đặn.!!
B.'TRẮC'NGHIỆM:''
Câu 1. Sự!phụ!thuộc!của!chiết!suất!vào!bước!sóng!!
' A.'gJ'!26!=/.!G†.!$%L1!2U)7!"¢),7!%38$!4%?C!! B.'$%•!gJ'!26!=/.!$%L1!2U)!=#!"¢),C!!
!' C.'$%•!gJ'!26!=/.!$%L1!2U)C!! D.'"#!%.W)!1O\),!*8$!12O),!$]6!1%&×!1.)%C!!
Câu 2. !Chiết!suất!của!một!môi!trường!trong!suốt!đối!với!các!ánh!sáng!đơn!sắc!khác!nhau!là!đại!lượng!
# A.#4%5),!*w.7!$-!,.R!12>!)%O!)%6&!*[.!=/.!1L1!$J!$R$!R)%!HR),!$-!G#&!1™!*¢!*j)!1?GC!!
! B.'1%6'!*w.7!$%.j1!H&L1!"#!"/)!)%L1!*[.!=/.!R)%!HR),!*¢!=#!)%¢!)%L1!*[.!=/.!R)%!HR),!1?GC!!
! C.'1%6'!*w.7!$%.j1!H&L1!"#!"/)!)%L1!*[.!=/.!R)%!HR),!1?G!=#!)%¢!)%L1!*[.!=/.!R)%!HR),!*¢C!!
! D.'1%6'!*w.7!$%.j1!H&L1!"/)!)%L1!*[.!=/.!R)%!HR),!G#&!"…$!=#!)%¢!)%L1!*[.!=/.!R)%!HR),!*¢C!!
Câu 3. !Ánh!sáng!đơn!sắc!là!ánh!sáng!!
! A.'$-!G+1!G#&!=#!AO/$!H-),!)%L1!*>)%7!4%.!*.!<&6!"š),!4?)%!H“!A>!1R)!HU$C'!
! B.'$-!G+1!G#&!)%L1!*>)%!=#!AO/$!H-),!4%5),!gR$!*>)%7!4%.!*.!<&6!"š),!4?)%!4%5),!A>!1R)!HU$C!!
! C.'$-!G+1!G#&!=#!G+1!AO/$!H-),!gR$!*>)%7!4%.!*.!<&6!"š),!4?)%!4%5),!A>!1R)!HU$C!!
! D.'$-!G+1!G#&!)%L1!*>)%!=#!AO/$!H-),!4%5),!gR$!*>)%7!4%.!*.!<&6!"š),!4?)%!H“!A>!1R)!HU$C!!
Câu 4. !Khẳng!định!nào!sau!đây!là!sai?!!
A.'¨)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!4%5),!A>!1R)!HU$!4%.!12&':)!<&6!"š),!4?)%C!!
! B.'_M)!1[$!$]6!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!4%5),!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!G5.!12OK),!12&':)C!!
! C.'œ-),!R)%!HR),!$-!1;)!H[!$#),!"/)!1%^!=M)!1[$!12&':)!123),!G5.!12OK),!123),!H&[1!$#),!)%¢C!
' D.'¨)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!A>!"W$%!*OK),!12&':)!4%.!*.!<&6!"š),!4?)%C!!
Câu 5. !Khi!ánh!sáng!truyền!từ!môi!trường!trong!suốt!này!sang!môi!trường!trong!suốt!khác!thì# A.# AO/$!
H-),!1%6'!*w.!)%O),!1;)!H[!4%5),!*w.C!!
! B.'AO/$!H-),!4%5),!*w.!)%O),!1;)!H[!1%6'!*w.C!!
!' C.'AO/$!H-),!=#!1;)!H[!*:&!1%6'!*w.C!! !
' D.'AO/$!H-),!=#!1;)!H[!*:&!4%5),!*w.C!!
Câu 6. !X23),!1%?!),%.WG!,.63!1%36!=/.!R)%!HR),!12U),!$]6!Øs@),7!4%3J),!$R$%!,.I6!=@)!HR),!=#!=@)!1[.!
".m)!1.j9!AB),!
' A.'G+1!4%3J),!=@)C!! ! B.'G+1!)Š6!4%3J),!=@)C!
! C.'G+1!9%;)!1O!4%3J),!=@)C!! D.'%6.!";)!4%3J),!=@)C!!
Câu 7. !Trong!các!thí!nghiệm!sau,!thí!nghiệm!nào!được!sử!dụng!để!đo!bước!sóng!ánh!sáng?!!
Û
l
÷
ø
ö
ç
è
æ
+ .
2
1
k
i.
2
1
'k
a
D
.
2
1
'kx
T
÷
ø
ö
ç
è
æ
+=
l
÷
ø
ö
ç
è
æ
+=Þ
a
Dl
a
Dl
a
Dl
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
80
' A.'X%?!),%.WG!1w),!%\9!R)%!HR),!12U),C!!
' B.'X%?!),%.WG!=:!HV!1R)!HU$!R)%!HR),!$]6!Z.&s1v)C!!
!' C.'X%?!),%.WG!=/.!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!$]6!Z.&s1v)C!!
' D.'X%?!),%.WG!Øs@),!=:!,.63!1%36!R)%!HR),C!!
Câu 8. !o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!*›),!4%.!)-.!=:!%.W)!1O\),!1R)!HU$!R)%!HR),¡!!
! A.'Œ†.!R)%!HR),!<&6!"š),!4?)%!*:&!A>!1R)!HU$C!!
! B.'€%•!4%.!R)%!HR),!12U),!12&':)!<&6!"š),!4?)%!G/.!gJ'!26!%.W)!1O\),!1R)!HU$!R)%!HR),C!!
! C.'a.W)!1O\),!1R)!HU$!$]6!R)%!HR),!12U),!<&6!"š),!4?)%!$%3!1%L'!2B),!123),!R)%!HR),!12U),!$-!=5!
H[!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!$-!G#&!HU$!A.j)!1%.m)!".m)!1…$!1™!*¢!*j)!1?GC!!
! D.'_;),!G#&!g&L1!%.W)!N!=R),!F;&!G³!%38$!A3),!A-),!g#!9%f),!$-!1%(!,.J.!1%?$%!F3!%.W)!1O\),!
1R)!HU$!R)%!HR),C!!
Câu 9. !o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!sai!4%.!)-.!=:!R)%!HR),!12U),!=#!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$¡!!
' A.'¨)%!HR),!12U),!"#!1M9!%\9!$]6!=5!H[!$R$!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!4%R$!)%6&!$-!G#&!A.j)!1%.m)!".m)!1…$!
1™!*¢!*j)!1?GC!!
' B.'€%.j1!H&L1!$]6!$%L1!"#G!"š),!4?)%!"#!,.[),!)%6&!*[.!=/.!$R$!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!4%R$!)%6&C!!
! C.'¨)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!"#!R)%!HR),!4%5),!A>!1R)!HU$!4%.!*.!<&6!"š),!4?)%C!!
! D.'p%.!$R$!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!*.!<&6!G+1!G5.!12OK),!123),!H&[1!1%^!$%.j1!H&L1!$]6!G5.!12OK),!*[.!
=/.!R)%!HR),!*¢!"#!)%¢!)%L17!*[.!=/.!R)%!HR),!1?G!"#!"/)!)%L1C!!
Câu 10. !!o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!sai!4%.!)-.!=:!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$¡!!
! A.'Œ•.!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!$-!G+1!G#&!gR$!*>)%!,†.!"#!G#&!*v)!HU$C!!
! B.'X23),!$t),!G+1!G5.!12OK),!G•.!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!$-!G+1!AO/$!H-),!gR$!*>)%C!!
' C.'_M)!1[$!12&':)!$]6!G+1!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!123),!$R$!G5.!12OK),!123),!H&[1!4%R$!)%6&!"#!)%O!)%6&C!!
!' D.'¨)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!4%5),!A>!1R)!HU$!4%.!12&':)!<&6!"š),!4?)%C!!
Câu 11. !!Œ+1!1.6!HR),!*.!<&6!"š),!4?)%!"-!26!$%•!$-!G+1!G#&!F&'!)%L1!4%5),!9%J.!G#&!12U),!1%^!*-!"#T!!
' A.'R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!! !! B.'R)%!HR),!*6!HU$C!!!
' C.'R)%!HR),!A>!1R)!HU$!! !! D.'"š),!4?)%!4%5),!$-!4%J!)š),!1R)!HU$C!!
Câu 12. !Œ+1!H-),!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!*O\$!*8$!12O),!)%L1!"#T!!
' A.'Œ#&!HU$!! ! B.'X;)!H[!!' '
' C.'_M)!1[$!12&':)C!! !' D.'€%.j1!H&L1!"š),!4?)%!=/.!R)%!HR),!*-C!!
Câu 13. !!€%†)!$@&!*›),!123),!$R$!$@&!H6&T!!
! A.'œ-),!R)%!HR),!$-!9%Ov),!F63!*+),!F†$!1%u3!9%Ov),!12…$!12&':)!R)%!HR),!!
! B.'µ),!=/.!G•.!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$7!H-),!R)%!HR),!$-!$%&!4‘!)%L1!*>)%!!
! C.'_M)!1[$!R)%!HR),!123),!G5.!12OK),!$#),!"/)!)j&!$%.j1!H&L1!$]6!G5.!12OK),!*-!"/)C!!
D.'µ),!=/.!G•.!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$7!AO/$!H-),!4%5),!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!$%.j1!H&L1!$]6!G5.!12OK),!R)%!HR),!
12&':)!<&6C!!
Câu 14. !!o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!sai!4%.!*:!$M9!=:!$%.j1!H&L1!G5.!12OK),¡!!
' A.'€%.j1!H&L1!$]6!G+1!G5.!12OK),!123),!H&[1!1t'!1%&+$!=#3!G#&!HU$!R)%!HR),!12&':)!123),!)-C!!
' B.'€%.j1!H&L1!$]6!G+1!G5.!12OK),!$-!,.R!12>!1š),!*;)!1™!G#&!1?G!*j)!G#&!*¢C!!
! C.'€%.j1!H&L1!$]6!G5.!12OK),!123),!H&[1!1•!"W!),%>$%!=/.!=M)!1[$!12&':)!$]6!R)%!HR),!123),!G5.!
12OK),!*-C!!
! D.'_.W$!$%.j1!H&L1!$]6!G+1!G5.!12OK),!123),!H&[1!1t'!1%&+$!=#3!G#&!HU$!R)%!HR),!$%?)%!"#!),&'m)!
)%@)!$]6!%.W)!1O\),!1R)!HU$!R)%!HR),C!!
Câu 15. !!X23),!$R$!9%R1!A.(&!H6&!*@'7!9%R1!A.(&!)#3!"#!sai¡!!
' A.'¨)%!HR),!12U),!"#!%\9!$]6!)%.:&!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!$-!G#&!A.j)!1%.m)!".m)!1…$!1™!*¢!1/.!1?GC!
' B.'¨)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!"#!R)%!HR),!4%5),!A>!1R)!HU$!4%.!*.!<&6!"š),!4?)%C!!
! C.'a.W)!1O\),!$%tG!HR),!12U),7!4%.!*.!<&6!G+1!"š),!4?)%7!A>!1R$%!26!1%#)%!)%.:&!$%tG!HR),!$-!
G#&!HU$!4%R$!)%6&!"#!%.W)!1O\),!1R)!HU$!R)%!HR),C!!
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
81
! D.'¨)%!HR),!F3!Œ81!X2K.!9%R1!26!"#!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!=^!)-!$-!G#&!12U),C!!
Câu 16. !a.W)!1O\),!1R)!HU$!R)%!HR),!123),!1%?!),%.WG!$]6!Z.&!1v)!*O\$!,.J.!1%?$%!FV6!12m)T!
' A.'œV!9%…!1%&+$!$]6!$%.j1!H&L1!=#3!G5.!12OK),!12&':)!R)%!HR),C!!
' B.'•-$!"W$%!$]6!1.6!HR),!H6&!4%.!<&6!"š),!4?)%!=#!HV!9%…!1%&+$!$%.j1!H&L1!"š),!4?)%!=#3!G#&!HU$!
R)%!HR),C!!
! C.'€%.j1!H&L1!G5.!12OK),!1%6'!*w.!1%u3!G#&!$]6!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$C!!
! D.'œV!,.63!1%36!$]6!$R$!1.6!HR),!"-!4%¢.!"š),!4?)%C!!
Câu 17. !!Œ+1!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!G#&!$6G!$-!1;)!H[!`!*O\$!12&':)!1™!$%@)!4%5),!=#3!G+1!$%L1!"¢),!$-!
$%.j1!H&L1!"#!–7Ÿ!*[.!=/.!R)%!HR),!)#'C!X23),!$%L1!"¢),!12m)7!R)%!HR),!)#'!$-T!!
! A.'Œ#&!1?G!=#!1;)!H[!`C!! ! B.'Œ#&!$6G!=#!1;)!H[!–7Ÿ`C!
! C.'Œ#&!$6G!=#!1;)!H[!`C! ! D.'Œ#&!1?G!=#!1;)!H[!–7Ÿ`C!!
Câu 18. !!€%.j&!g.m)!G+1!$%tG!HR),!%²9!,ˆG!%6.!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!"#!=#),!=#!"6G!1™!4%5),!4%?!1/.!G81!
)O/$!1%^T!
' A.'€%tG!HR),!A>!9%J)!g0!13#)!9%;)C!!
! B.'œ3!=/.!9%Ov),!1.6!1/.7!1.6!4%›$!g0!=#),!A>!"W$%!?1!%v)!1.6!4%›$!g0!"6GC!!
! C.'X.6!4%›$!g0!$%•!"#!R)%!HR),!=#),7!$f)!1.6!HR),!"6G!A>!9%J)!g0!13#)!9%;)C!!
! D.'œ3!=/.!9%Ov),!1.6!1/.7!1.6!4%›$!g0!"6G!A>!"W$%!?1!%v)!1.6!4%›$!g0!=#),C!!
Câu 19. !!X™!4%5),!4%?!),OK.!16!$%.j&!g.m)!1/.!G81!)O/$!)BG!),6),!G+1!$%tG!1.6!HR),!%²9!H3),!H3),!
,ˆG!%6.!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$T!G#&!=#),7!G#&!$%#GC!p%.!*-!$%tG!1.6!4%›$!g0!!
! A.',ˆG!%6.!$%tG!1.6!HR),!%²9!"#!$%tG!G#&!=#),!=#!$%tG!G#&!$%#G7!123),!*-!,-$!4%›$!g0!$]6!
$%tG!G#&!=#),!"/)!%v)!,-$!4%›$!g0!$]6!$%tG!G#&!$%#GC!!
! B.'$%•!"#!$%tG!1.6!G#&!=#),!$f)!$%tG!1.6!G#&!$%#G!A>!9%J)!g0!13#)!9%;)C!!
! C.',ˆG!%6.!$%tG!1.6!HR),!%²9!"#!$%tG!G#&!=#),!=#!$%tG!G#&!$%#G7!123),!*-!,-$!4%›$!g0!$]6!
$%tG!G#&!=#),!)%¢!%v)!,-$!4%›$!g0!$]6!$%tG!G#&!$%#GC!!
! D.'=¹)!$%•!"#!G+1!$%tG!1.6!HR),!%²9!H3),!H3),C!!
Câu 20. !!Œ+1!$%tG!R)%!HR),!G81!12K.!$-!F0),!G+1!FJ.!HR),!G¢),7!%²9!2†.!g&[),!G81!)O/$!123),!G+1!
A(!)O/$!103!)m)!N!*R'!A(!G+1!=j1!HR),!!
' A.'€-!G#&!12U),!Ft!$%.j&!g.m)!%6'!$%.j&!=&5),!,-$C!!
' B.'€-!)%.:&!G#&!Ft!$%.j&!g.m)!%6'!$%.j&!=&5),!,-$C!!
! C.'€-!)%.:&!G#&!4%.!$%.j&!g.m)!=#!$-!G#&!12U),!4%.!$%.j&!=&5),!,-$C!!
! D.'€-!)%.:&!G#&!4%.!$%.j&!=&5),!,-$!=#!$-!G#&!12U),!4%.!$%.j&!g.m)C!!
Câu 21. !!a.W)!1O\),!,.63!1%36!R)%!HR),!$%•!<&6)!HR1!*O\$!4%.!%6.!),&ˆ)!R)%!HR),!"#!%6.!),&ˆ)T!!
A.'zv)!HU$!! B.'€t),!G#&!HU$!! C.'pj1!%\9!! D.' €t),! $OK),! *+!
HR),!!
Câu 22. !€%†)!$@&!saiT!!
' A.'•.63!1%36!"#!%.W)!1O\),!*8$!12O),!$]6!H-),C!
! B.'Zv.!)#3!$-!H-),!1%^!)v.!L'!$-!,.63!1%36C!!
! C.'Zv.!)#3!$-!,.63!1%36!1%^!)v.!L'!$-!H-),C!! !!
! D.'a6.!H-),!$-!$t),!1;)!H[!=#!*+!"W$%!9%6!4%5),!1%6'!*w.!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)!,†.!"#!H-),!4j1!%\9C!!
Câu 23. !a.W)!1O\),!,.63!1%36!$%˜),!1¢!2B),T!!
' A.'¨)%!HR),!$-!AJ)!$%L1!H-),C!! B.'¨)%!HR),!"#!H-),!),6),C!!
!' C.'¨)%!HR),!"#!H-),!*.W)!1™C!! D.'¨)%!HR),!$-!1%(!A>!1R)!HU$C!!
Câu 24. !X23),!$R$!12OK),!%\9!*O\$!)m&!FO/.!F@'7!12OK),!%\9!)#3!$-!".m)!<&6)!*j)!%.W)!1O\),!,.63!
1%36!R)%!HR),¡!
' A.'Œ#&!HU$!H8$!H³!12m)!A3),!A-),!g#!9%f),C!!
' B.'Œ#&!HU$!$]6!R)%!HR),!12U),!H6&!4%.!$%.:&!<&6!"š),!4?)%C!!
! C.'_W1!HR),!12m)!1OK),!4%.!$%.j&!R)%!HR),!1™!*Ê)!9.)C!!
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
82
! D.'l-),!*u)!12m)!1K!,.L'!4%.!Ft),!G+1!$%.j$!1%O/$!)%V6!$%U)!$%tG!1.6!HR),!$%.j&!1/.C!!
Câu 25. !X23),!1%?!),%.WG!,.63!1%36!R)%!HR),!=/.!c!4%u!Ø3&),7!)j&!FK.!),&ˆ)!œ!G+1!*30)!)%¢!1%u3!
9%Ov),!H3),!H3),!=/.!G#)!$%˜6!%6.!4%u!1%^T!!
! A.'aW!=@)!,.63!1%36!1>)%!1.j)!),O\$!$%.:&!FK.!$]6!œ!=#!4%3J),!=@)!4%5),!1%6'!*w.C!!
! B.'p%3J),!=@)!H“!,.JGC!!
! C.'aW!=@)!,.63!1%36!1>)%!1.j)!),O\$!$%.:&!FK.!$]6!œ!=#!4%3J),!=@)!1%6'!*w.C!!
! D.'aW!=@)!,.63!1%36!,.I!),&'m)!4%5),!$-!,^!1%6'!*w.C!!
Câu 26. !!X%V$! %.W)! ,.63! 1%36! AN.! R)%! HR),! 12U),7! 12m)! G#)! <&6)! HR1! *O\$! %^)%! J)%! )%O! 1%j! )#3¡
' A.'_@)!12&),!1@G!"#!=@)!HR),!12U),7!%6.!Am)!$-!)%I),!FJ.!G#&!)%O!$;&!=ˆ),C!!
! B.'Œ+1!FJ.!G#&!A.j)!1%.m)!".m)!1…$!1™!*¢!*j)!1?GC!!
! C.'€R$!=0$%!G#&!4%R$!)%6&!2.m),!A.W1!%.W)!12m)!G+1!)m)!1[.C!!
! D.'p%5),!$-!$R$!=@)!G#&!12m)!G#)C!!
Câu 27. !!X23),!1%?!),%.WG!=:!,.63!1%36!R)%!HR),7!)j&!16!"#G!$%3!%6.!),&ˆ)!4j1!%\9!"W$%!9%6!1%^!=@)!
HR),!12&),!1@G!H“T!!
' A.'p%5),!1%6'!*w.C!! !' B.'œ“!4%5),!$f)!=^!4%5),!$-!,.63!1%36C!!
!' C.'’m!F>$%!=:!9%?6!),&ˆ)!H/G!9%6C!! D.'’m!F>$%!=:!9%?6!),&ˆ)!12”!9%6C!!
Câu 28. !X23),!%.W)!1O\),!,.63!1%36!R)%!HR),7!)j&!16!$%&'()!%W!1%[),!,.63!1%36!1™!4%5),!4%?!=#3!G5.!
12OK),!$%L1!"¢),!123),!H&[1!$-!$%.j1!H&L1!)!1%^T!!
' A.'p%3J),!=@)!.!1š),!)!";)!! B.'p%3J),!=@)!.!,.JG!)!";)!!
!' C.'p%3J),!=@)!.!4%5),!*w.!! !D.'_>!12?!=@)!12&),!1@G!1%6'!*w.C!!
Câu 29. !X23),!$R$!1%?!),%.WG!H6&!*@'7!1%?!),%.WG!)#3!$-!1%(!HŠ!F…),!*(!1%V$!%.W)!=.W$!F3!AO/$!H-),!
R)%!HR),¡!
' A.'X%?!),%.WG!1R)!HU$!R)%!HR),!$]6!ZuÙ13)C!! B.'X%?!),%.WG!1w),!%\9!R)%!HR),!12U),C!!
' C.'X%?!),%.WG!,.63!1%36!=/.!4%u!Ø3&),C!! D.'X%?!),%.WG!=:!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$C!!
Câu 30. !!et),!%6.!),†)!*Ê)!,.[),!%W1!)%6&!"#G!%6.!),&ˆ)!HR),!$%.j&!"m)!G+1!G#)!J)%!12m)!1OK),!1%^T!
' A.'X2m)!G#)!$-!1%(!$-!%W!=@)!,.63!1%36!%6'!4%5),!1t'!1%&+$!=#3!=>!12?!$]6!G#)C!!
! B.'p%5),!$-!%W!=@)!,.63!1%36!=^!R)%!HR),!9%R1!26!1™!%6.!),&ˆ)!)#'!4%5),!9%J.!"#!%6.!H-),!4j1!
%\9C!!
! C.'X2m)!G#)!4%5),!$-!,.63!1%36!R)%!HR),!=^!%6.!),†)!*Ê)!4%5),!9%J.!"#!%6.!),&ˆ)!HR),!*.(GC!!
! D.'X2m)!G#)!$%U$!$%U)!$-!%W!=@)!,.63!1%36!=^!%.W&!*OK),!*.!$]6!%6.!H-),!1/.!G#)!4%5),!*w.C!!
Câu 31. X23),!1%?!),%.WG!-s@),!=:!,.63!1%36!R)%!HR),7!)j&!Ft),!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!$-!AO/$!H-),!λ
1
!1%^!
4%3J),!=@)!"#!.
1
C!Zj&!Ft),!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!$-!AO/$!H-),!λ
2
!1%^!4%3J),!=@)!"#T!!
' A.'i
2
!Y ' B.'i
2
!Y i
1
!! C.'i
2
!Y! i
1
!! D.'i
2
!Y i
1
! !
Câu 32. !p%.!$%.j&!G+1!$%tG!HR),!%²9!,ˆG!$R$!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!*¢7!=#),7!"…$!=#!1?G!1™!9%?6!*R'!1/.!
G81!Am)!$]6!G+1!"š),!4?)%!1%]'!1.)%!$-!,-$!$%.j1!<&6),!)%¢C!z.:&!$%•)%!,-$!1/.!$]6!$%tG!HR),!12m)!
H63!$%3!R)%!HR),!G#&!1?G!"-!26!4%¢.!"š),!4?)%!$-!,-$!"W$%!$V$!1.(&C!p%.!*-!!
' A.'$%•!$-!1%mG!1.6!G#&!"…$!$-!,-$!"W$%!$V$!1.(&C!!
' B.'1.6!G#&!*¢!$P),!$-!,-$!"W$%!$V$!1.(&C!!
! C.'A6!1.6!$f)!"0.!"-!26!4%¢.!"š),!4?)%!4%5),!$-!1.6!)#3!$-!,-$!"W$%!$V$!1.(&C!!
! D.'A6!1.6!*¢7!=#),!=#!"…$!4%5),!"-!26!4%¢.!"š),!4?)%!!
Câu 33. !o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!4%5),!*›),!¡!œ-),!R)%!HR),!=#!H-),!@G!!
' A.'$-!1;)!H[!4%5),!*w.!4%.!"6)!12&':)!1™!G5.!12OK),!)#'!H6),!G5.!12OK),!4%R$C!!
' B.'*:&!G6),!)š),!"O\),!=^!$%›),!*:&!$t),!AJ)!$%L1!"#!H-),!*.W)!1™C!!
!' C.'*:&!$-!1%(!,@'!26!$R$!%.W)!1O\),!,.63!1%367!)%.”&!g0C!!
' D.'*:&!$-!1[$!*+!1%6'!*w.!4%.!12&':)!1™!G5.!12OK),!)#'!H6),!G5.!12OK),!4%R$C!!
Câu 34. !QXZcn–•S!X23),!$%@)!4%5),7!G+1!R)%!HR),!$-!AO/$!H-),!n7•n!ÉGC!¨)%!HR),!)#'!$-!G#&!!
1
12
i
ll
1
2
i
l
12
2
l-l
l
2
1
l
l
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
83
' A.'=#),!! B.'*¢!! C.'"…$!! D.'1?G!!
Câu 35. !QXZcn–•S!•†.!)
c
7!)
v
!=#!) !";)!"O\1!"#!$%.j1!H&L1!$]6!)O/$!*[.!=/.!$R$!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!$%#G7!
=#),!=#!"…$C!aW!1%˜$!)#3!H6&!*@'!*›),¡!!
' A.')
c!
„!)
v
„)! C!! B.')
v
„) „!)
c
!C!! C.')! „!)
c
„!)
v
C!! D.')
c
„!)
ℓ
„!)
v
C!!
Câu 36. !Q€zcnn®S!X23),!$R$!9%R1!A.(&!H6&!*@'7!9%R1!A.(&!)#3!"#!H6.¡!!
' A.'¨)%!HR),!12U),!"#!1w),!%\9!Q%•)!%\9S!$]6!)%.:&!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!$-!G#&!A.j)!1%.m)!".m)!1…$!
1™!*¢!1/.!1?GC!!
' B.'¨)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!"#!R)%!HR),!4%5),!A>!1R)!HU$!4%.!*.!<&6!"š),!4?)%C!!
! C.'a.W)!1O\),!$%tG!HR),!12U),7!4%.!*.!<&6!G+1!"š),!4?)%7!A>!1R$%!26!1%#)%!)%.:&!$%tG!HR),!$-!
G#&!HU$!4%R$!)%6&!"#!%.W)!1O\),!1R)!HU$!R)%!HR),C!!
! D.'¨)%!HR),!F3!Œ81!X2K.!9%R1!26!"#!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!=^!)-!$-!G#&!12U),C!!
Câu 37. !Q€zcn–ŽS!X23),!$%@)!4%5),7!R)%!HR),!$-!AO/$!H-),!"/)!)%L1!123),!H[!$R$!R)%!HR),!*¢7!=#),7!
"6G7!1?G!"#!!
' A.'R)%!HR),!=#),C!! B.'R)%!HR),!1?GC!! C.'R)%!HR),!"6GC!! D.'R)%!HR),!*¢C!!
Câu 38. !Q€zcn–ŽS!X23),!1%?!),%.WG!Øs@),!=:!,.63!1%36!R)%!HR),7!)j&!1%6'!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!G#&!"6G!
AB),!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!G#&!=#),!=#!,.I!),&'m)!$R$!*.:&!4.W)!4%R$!1%^!12m)!G#)!<&6)!HR1!!
' A.'4%3J),!=@)!1š),!"m)C!! B.'4%3J),!=@)!,.JG!g&[),C!!
!' C.'=>!12>!=@)!12&),!1@G!1%6'!*w.C!! D.'4%3J),!=@)!4%5),!1%6'!*w.C!!
Câu 39. !Qzacn––S!€%.j&!1™!)O/$!26!4%5),!4%?!G+1!$%tG!1.6!HR),!H3),!H3),!2L1!%²9!Q$3.!)%O!G+1!1.6!
HR),S!,ˆG!Ÿ!1%#)%!9%;)!*v)!HU$T!1?G7!"6G7!*¢7!"…$7!=#),C!X.6!"-!*v)!HU$!G#&!"…$!*.!"#!"#!G81!)O/$!QHR1!
=/.!G81!9%@)!$R$%!,.I6!%6.!G5.!12OK),SC!p%5),!4(!1.6!*v)!HU$!G#&!"…$7!$R$!1.6!"-!26!),3#.!4%5),!4%?!"#!
$R$!1.6!*v)!HU$!G#&T!!
' A.!1?G7!"6G7!*¢C!! B.'*¢7!=#),7!"6GC!! C.'*¢7!=#),C!! D.'"6G7!1?GC!!
Câu 40. !Qzacn–cS!€%.j&!g.m)!1™!4%5),!4%?!=#3!)O/$!G+1!$%tG!HR),!H3),!H3),!2L1!%²9!Q$3.!)%O!G+1!
1.6!HR),S!,ˆG!A6!1%#)%!9%;)!*v)!HU$T!*¢7!"6G!=#!1?GC!•†.!2
đ
7!r
ℓ
7!2
t!
";)!"O\1!"#!,-$!4%›$!g0!˜),!=/.!1.6!
G#&!*¢7!1.6!G#&!"6G!=#!1.6!G#&!1?GC!aW!1%˜$!*›),!"#!!
' A.'2
ℓ!
Y!2
t
!Y!2
đ
C!! B.'2
t!
ƒ!2
ℓ!
ƒ!2
đ
C!! C.'2
đ!
ƒ!2
ℓ!
ƒ!2
t
C!! D.'2
t!
ƒ!2
đ!
ƒ!2
ℓ
C!!
Câu 41. !Qzacn–cS!Œ+1!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!G#&!$6G!$-!1;)!H[!`!*O\$!12&':)!1™!$%@)!4%5),!=#3!G+1!$%L1!
"¢),!$-!$%.j1!H&L1!"#!–7Ÿ!*[.!=/.!R)%!HR),!)#'C!X23),!$%L1!"¢),!12m)7!R)%!HR),!)#'!$-!!
A.'G#&!1?G!=#!1;)!H[!`C!! ! B.'G#&!$6G!=#!1;)!H[!–7Ÿ`C!! !
' C.'G#&!$6G!=#!1;)!H[!`C!! ' D.'G#&!1?G!=#!1;)!H[!–7Ÿ`C!!
!!
BẢNG'TRA'ĐÁP'ÁN'CHỦ'ĐỀ'1-CHƯƠNG'5'
–h!!
c€!!
Ž€!!
•l!!
Ÿh!!
¥!!
®l!!
•e!!
¤€!!
–nl!!
––€!!
–ch!!
–Žl!!
–•l!!
–Ÿl!!
–¥e!!
–®€!!
–•€!!
–¤e!!
cnh!!
c–€!!
cc€!!
cŽ€!!
c•h!!
cŸh!!
c¥h!!
cÅ!!
ce•!!
c¤l!!
Žn€!!
Ž–l!!
Žcl!!
ŽŽ€!!
Ž•l!!
ŽŸe!!
Ž¥e!!
Ž®e!!
Ž•e!!
Ž¤h!!
•n€!!
!!
•cl!!
•Ž€!!
!!
!!
!!
CHỦ'ĐỀ'2:'QUANG'PHỔ'VÀ'CÁC'LOẠI'TIA''
A.'LÝ'THUYẾT:''
I.## MÁY#QUANG#PHỔ-#CÁC#LOẠI#QUANG#PHỔ:''
1.#Máy#quang#phổ#lăng#kính:''
a.'Khái'niệm:!E#!F…),!$…!Ft),!*(!9%@)!1?$%!$%tG!R)%!HR),!9%˜$!109!103!1%#)%!)%I),!1%#)%!9%;)!
*v)!HU$!!
b.'Cấu'tao:!ŒR'!<&6),!9%w!,ˆG!$-!Ž!A+!9%M)!$%?)%T!!
-!Ống!ch u ẩn!trựcT!,ˆG!1%L&!4?)%!%+.!1…!E
1
!=#!4%u!%²9!œ!
),6'!10.!1.m&!*.W)!$]6!1%L&!4?)%!à!*(!103!26!$%tG!1.6!
H3),!H3),!!
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
84
-!Hệ!tán!sắc!Q,ˆG!G+1!%38$!%W!$R$!"š),!4?)%ST!$-!)%.WG!=…!"#G!1R)!HU$!R)%!HR),!!
-!Buồng!tốiT!,ˆG!,ˆG!1%L&!4?)%!%+.!1…!E
1
!=#!4?)%!J)%!%38$!9%.G!J)%!)BG!),6'!10.!1.m&!F.W)!$]6!1%L&!
4?)%!à!*(!1%&!J)%!<&6),!9%w!
2.#Các'loại'quang'phổ:''
a.'Quang'phổ'phát'xạ:''
!{&6),!9%w!9%R1!g0!$]6!G+1!$%L1!"#!<&6),!9%w!$]6!R)%!HR),!F3!$%L1!*-!9%R1!26!4%.!*O\$!)&),!)-),!
*j)!)%.W1!*+!$63C!!
!Quang!phổ!phát!xạ!được!chia!làm!hai!loại!là!quang!phổ!liên!tục!và!quang!phổ!vạch.!!
v {&6),!9%w!".m)!1…$T!!
*!Định!nghĩaT!{&6),!9%w!".m)!1…$!"#!G+!Fž.!G#&!A.j)!1%.m)!".m)!1…$!1™!*¢!*j)!1?GC!!
*!Nguồn!gốc!phát!sinh!QZ,&ˆ)!9%R1S!{&6),!9%w!".m)!1…$!F3!$R$!$%L1!2U)7!$%L1!"¢),!%38$!$%L1!4%?!$-!R9!
H&L1!"/)7!9%R1!26!4%.!A>!)&),!)-),!!
*!Đặc!điểmT!!
s!{&6),!9%w!".m)!1…$!,ˆG!G+1!Fž'!$-!G#&!1%6'!*w.!G+1!$R$%!".m)!1…$C!!
s!{&6),!9%w!".m)!1…$!4%5),!9%…!1%&+$!1%#)%!9%;)!$L&!103!),&ˆ)!HR),!$%•!9%…!1%&+$!)%.W1!*+C!!
*!Ứng!dụngT!Ft),!*(!*3!)%.W1!*+!$]6!$R$!=M1!$-!)%.W1!*+!$63!=#!$R$!1%.m)!1%(!N!2L1!g6!$%›),!16C!!
v {&6),!9%w!=0$%T!!
*!Định!nghĩaT!{&6),!9%w!=0$%!9%R1!g0!"#!G+1!%W!1%[),!)%I),!=0$%!G#&!2.m),!"Â7!),š)!$R$%!)%6&!AN.!
)%I),!4%3J),!1[.C!!
*!Nguồn!phátT!{&6),!9%w!=0$%!9%R1!g0!F3!$R$!$%L1!N!R9!H&L1!1%L9!9%R1!267!4%.!A>!4?$%!1%?$%!AB),!)%.W1!
%6'!AB),!*.W)C!!
*!Đặc!điểmT!!
s!{&6),!9%w!=0$%!$]6!$R$!),&'m)!1[!4%R$!)%6&!1%^!2L1!4%R$!)%6&!=:!H[!"O\),!=0$%7!=:!=>!12?!Q%6'!AO/$!
H-),S!=#!*+!HR),!1•!*[.!,.I6!$R$!=0$%C!!
s!{&6),!9%w!=0$%!$]6!G•.!),&'m)!1[!%-6!%†$!1%^!*8$!12O),!$%3!),&'m)!1[!*-C!!
*!Ứng!dụngT!Ft),!*(!gR$!*>)%!1%#)%!9%;)!$L&!103!$]6!),&ˆ)!HR),C!!
b.#QUANG#PHỔ#HẤP#THỤ#'
*!Định!nghĩaT!{&6),!9%w!=0$%!%L9!1%…!"#!$R$!=0$%!%6'!*RG!=0$%!1[.!)BG!12m)!):)!$]6!G+1!<&6),!9%w!
".m)!1…$C!!
*!Nguồn!phátT!{&6),!9%w!=0$%!%L9!1%…!F3!$R$!$%L1!)&),!)-),!N!R9!H&L1!1%L9!*81!12m)!*OK),!*.!$]6!
),&ˆ)!9%R1!<&6),!9%w!".m)!1…$!9%R1!26C!!
*!Đặc!điểmT!!
s!{&6),!9%w!%L9!1%…!$]6!$R$!$%L1!4%?!$%˜6!$R$!=0$%!%L9!1%…!=#!*8$!12O),!$%3!$%L1!4%?!*-C!!
s!z.:&!4.W)!*(!1%&!*O\$!<&6),!9%w!=0$%!%L9!1%…!"#!)%.W1!*+!$]6!$R$!$%L1!9%J.!)%¢!%v)!)%.W1!*+!$]6!
),&ˆ)!9%R1!<&6),!9%w!".m)!1…$C!!
*!Ứng!dụng:!Ft),!*(!gR$!*>)%!1%#)%!9%;)!$L&!103!$]6!),&ˆ)!HR),C!!
*!Chú!ý:!€%L1!2U)7!$%L1!"¢),7!$%L1!4%?!*:&!$%3!*O\$!<&6),!9%w!%L9!1%…C!{&6),!9%w!%L9!1%…!$]6!$%L1!
4%?!$%•!$%˜6!$R$!=0$%!%L9!1%…7!$f)!<&6),!9%w!$]6!$%L1!"¢),7!$%L1!2U)!$%˜6!$R$!*RG!=0$%!Q*RG!=0$%!
,ˆG!)%.:&!=0$%!%L9!1%…!)[.!1.j9!=/.!)%6&!G+1!$R$%!".m)!1…$SC!!
I.## TIA#HỒNG#NGOẠI#VÀ#TIA#TỬ#NGOẠI!!
1.'Phát#hiện#tia#hồng#ngoại#và#tử#ngoại:''
s!x!),3#.!<&6),!9%w!)%^)!1%L'!*O\$7!N!$J!c!*;&!*¢!=#!1?G7!$f)!$-!)%I),!A˜$!g0!G#!GU1!4%5),!)%^)!
1%L'7!)%O),!phát!hiện!nhờ!G[.!%#)!$]6!$89!)%.W1!*.W)!=#!A+1!%&‘)%!<&6),C!!
s!l˜$!g0!4%5),!125),!1%L'!N!),3#.!=t),!G#&!*¢!,†.!"#!A˜$!g0!Q%6'!1.6S!%ˆ),!),30.C!!
s!l˜$!g0!4%5),!)%^)!1%L'!N!),3#.!=t),!1?G!,†.!"#!A˜$!g0!Q%6'!1.6S!1Š!),30.C!!
2.'Bản'chất'và'tính'chất:''
v Bản'chất:''
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
85
s!X.6!%ˆ),!),30.!=#!1.6!1Š!),30.!$-!$t),!AJ)!$%L1!=/.!R)%!HR),!QH-),!*.W)!1™SC!!
v Tính'chất.''
s!X&@)!1%u3!$R$!*>)%!"&M1!12&':)!1%}),7!9%J)!g07!4%›$!g07!,@'!26!*O\$!%.W)!,.63!1%367!)%.”&!g0C!!
s!Œ.:)!%ˆ),!),30.!12J.!1™!AO/$!H-),!®¥n)G!*j)!4%3J),!=#.!G.".G‡17!$f)!G.:)!1Š!),30.!12J.!1™!AO/$!
H-),!Ž•n)G!*j)!=#.!)6)5G‡1C!!
3.#TIA'HỒNG'NGOẠI.''
a.'Cách#tạo#ra:''
s!Œ†.!=M1!$-!)%.W1!*+!$63!%v)!np!*:&!$-!1%(!9%R1!26!1.6!%ˆ),!),30.C!!
-!Để!phân!biệt!được!tia!hồng!ngoại!do!vật!phát!ra!thì!vật!phải!có!nhiệt!độ!cao!hơn!nhiệt!độ!môi!trường.!!
v Nguồn'phát:!Z,&ˆ)!%ˆ),!),30.!1%5),!F…),!"#!A-),!*Ê)!F@'!1-$7!Aj9!,67!Aj9!1%6)7!*.[1!%ˆ),!),30.7!
Œ81!12K.ÀC!!
b.'Tính'chất
à
'Ứng'dụng:''
# -#Tác#dụng#nỗi#bật'là'tác'dụng'nhiệt!à!HON.!LGi!HL'!4%57!Ft),!N!AW)%!=.W)C!!
! s!X.6!%ˆ),!),30.!$-!4%J!)š),!,@'!26!G+1!H[!9%J)!˜),!%-6!%†$7!"#G!*u)!4?)%!J)%!à!˜),!F…),!=#3!
=.W$!$%j!103!9%.G!J)%!%ˆ),!),30.!*(!$%…9!J)%!A6)!*mG7!1%.m)!1%(!À!!
! s!X.6!%ˆ),!),30.!$P),!$-!1%(!A.j)!*.W&!)%O!H-),!*.W)!1™!$63!1;)!à!*.:&!4%.()!1™!g6Q§uG31uS!!
! s!Z,3#.!26!1.6!%ˆ),!),30.!$f)!*O\$!˜),!F…),!123),!123),!<&@)!HVT![),!)%fG!%ˆ),!),30.7!$6Gu26!
%ˆ),!),30.!*(!<&6)!HR1!%38$!<&6'!9%.G!A6)!*mG7!1m)!"Š6!1V!*+),!1^G!G…$!1.m&!9%R1!1.6!%ˆ),!),30.!!
4.#TIA'TỬ'NGOẠI''
a.'Nguồn'phát:!_M1!$-!)%.W1!*+!$63!%v)!cnnn
0
C!1%^!9%R1!26!1.6!1Š!),30.!)%O!Œ81!12K.7!%ˆ!<&6),!*.W)À!
b.'Tính'chất
à
'Ứng'dụngT!!
s!XR$!F…),!"m)!9%.G!J)%!!
s! p?$%! 1%?$%! HV! 9%R1! <&6),! $]6! )%.:&! $%L1à! 1^G! =j1! )˜1! A:! G81! HJ)! 9%¼G! 4.G! "330.7! *Ê)! %&‘)%!
<&6),C!!
s!p?$%!1%?$%!)%.:&!9%J)!˜),!%-6!%†$!)%O!A.j)!*w.!k
2
!1%#)%!k
3
!i!1w),!%\9!=.16G.)!e!À!!
s!E#G!.3)!%-6!4%5),!4%?!=#!)%.:&!$%L1!4%?!4%R$C!!
s!•@'!26!%.W)!1Ov),!<&6),!*.W)C!!
s!XR$!F…),!H.)%!%†$!)%O!F.W1!1j!A#37!=.!4%&¼)à!1.W1!12t),!1%V$!9%¼G7!F…),!$…!'!1ji!$%I6!AW)%!$f.!
gOv),CC!!
s!l>!)O/$7!1%]'!1.)%!%L9!1%…!G0)%!)%O),!$-!1%(!12&':)!<&6!1%0$%!6)%C!!
v Sự'hấp'thụ'tia'tử'ngoại''
s!X%]'!1.)%!%L9!1%…!G0)%!1.6!1Š!),30.i!!
s!X;)!5b5)!%L9!1%…!%;&!%j1!$R$!1.6!$-!AO/$!H-),!FO/.!Žnn)G!!
II.## TIA'X'(TIA'RƠN-GHEN''
1.#Nguồn# phát:! Œ•.! 4%.! G+1! $%tG! u"u$123)! $-! )š),! "O\),! "/)7! *M9! =#3! G+1! =M1! 2U)! Q4.G! "30.! $-!
),&'m)!1Š!"O\),!"/)S!1%^!=M1!*-!9%R1!26!1.6!’!!
2.#Cách#tạo#ra#tia#X:''
v Ống'Culítgiơ:!Ú),!1%]'!1.)%!$%@)!4%5),7!F@'!)&),7!6)[17!$61[1!!
s!e@'!)&),!‰‰rT!),&ˆ)!9%R1!u"u$123)!!
s!€61[1!p!T!p.G!"30.!$-!%^)%!$%¢G!$;&!!
s!h)[1!hT!p.G!"30.!$-!),&'m)!1Š!"O\),!"/)7!$%>&!)%.W1!$63C!a.W&!*.W)!1%j!Ì
AK
!$³!=#.!$%…$!4."5=5)C!!
3.#BẢN'CHẤT'VÀ'TÍNH'CHẤT'CỦA'TIA'X''
a.#Bản#chất:!X.6!’!$-!AJ)!$%L1!"#!H-),!*.W)!1™7!$-!AO/$!H-),!λ!Y!–n
-
8
!G –n
-11
!G!
b.#Tính#chất
à
Ứng#dụng:#'
÷
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
86
-!Tác#dụng#nổi#bật#nhất#của#Tia#X#là#tính#đâm#xuyên:!’&'m)!<&6!1LG!)%5G!=#.!$G7!)%O),!4%5),!
<&6!1LG!$%^!=#.!GGC!à!1^G!4%&'j1!1M1!123),!$R$!=M1!*›$i!4.(G!126!%#)%!"?7!),%.m)!$˜&!$L&!12›$!=M1!2U)C!!
s!X.6!’!"#G!*u)!4?)%!J)%!à!€%&¼)!*3R)!$%I6!–!H[!AW)%!123),!'!%†$!AB),!%^)%!J)%Q$%…9!’!<&6),S!!
s!X.6!’!"#G!9%R1!<&6),!–!H[!$%L1à!$R$!$%L1!)#'!*O\$!Ft),!"#G!G#)!<&6)!HR1!4%.!$%.j&!*.W)!!
s!X.6!’!"#G!.3)!%-6!4%5),!4%?!Q2L1!'j&Si!,@'!26!%.W)!1O\),!<&6),!*.W)C!!
X.6!’!1R$!F…),!H.)%!"?7!%]'!F.W1!1j!A#3!à!€%I6!&),!1%O!),3#.!F6!!
III.##THANG'SÓNG'ĐIỆN'TỪ''
'Sóng'vô'tuyến,'tia'hồng'ngoại,'ánh'sáng'nhìn'thấy,'tia'tử'ngoại,'tia'X'và'tia'gamma!*:&!$-!$t),!
AJ)!$%L1!"#!H-),!*.W)!1™7!$%•!4%R$!)%6&!=:!1;)!H[!Q%6'!AO/$!H-),S!)m)!$%›),!$-!G+1!H[!HV!4%R$!)%6&!
=:!1?)%!$%L1!=#!1R$!F…),C!!
Miền'
SĐT'
Sóng'vô'tuyến'
'
Tia''
hồng'ngoại'
Ánh'sáng''
nhìn'thấy'
Tia'
'tử'ngoại'
Tia'X'
Tia'Gamma'
λ!QGS!!
ŽC–n
4!
!÷!–n
-4
!!
–n
-!3!
!÷!®7¥C–n
-7
!
®7¥C–n
-!7!
÷!Ž7•C–n
-7!
!
Ž7•C–n
-7!
÷!–n
-9
!!
–n
-8
!÷!!–n
-!11
!!
eO/.!–n
-!11
!!
!!
!
BẢNG:'SO'SÁNH'3'LOẠI'TIA:'HỒNG'NGOẠI,'TỬ'NGOẠI,'TIA'RƠN'GHEN'
'
Hồng'ngoại'
Tử'ngoại'
Tia'Rơnghen'(Tia'X)'
z>)%!),%—6!!
Zš),!"O\),!!
lO/$!H-),!!
s!p%5),!)%^)!1%L'!!
s!Zš),!"O\),!A‡!!
s!lO/$!H-),!n7®¥!Ém!=#.!GG!
Q–n
-2
!
GS!!
s!p%5),!)%^)!1%L'!
s! Zš),! "O\),! "/)! Q"/)!
%v)!R)%!HR),!)%^)!1%L'S!
s! lO/$! H-),! n7Ž•μm!
à
!
=#.!)6)5!G‡1!Q–n
-8
!
GS!!
s!p%5),!)%^)!1%L'!
s!Zš),!"O\),!2L1!"/)C!!
s! lO/$! H-),! =#.! 9.$5G‡1!
Q–n
-11
GSà=#.! )6)5! G‡1!
Q–n
-8
!
GS!!
Z,&ˆ)!9%R1!!
s!E´!1%&'j1!T!!
!!
s! XL1! $J! G†.! =M1! Ð! n
0
p! *:&!
9%R1!1.6!%ˆ),!),30.C!!
!!
s! _M1! 9%R1! $-! 1
0
! Ð! cCnnn!
0
€!!
s! ef),! u"u$123)! =M)! 1[$!
"/)! *M9! G0)%! =#3! 4.G!
"30.! $-! 1•! 4%[.! "/)! Qp.G!
"30.!)8),S!!
s!X%V$!1jT!!
s!z(!)%M)!A.j1!*O\$!1.6!%ˆ),!
),30.! F3! =M1! 9%R1! 26! 1%^!
)%.W1! *+! =M1! 9%R1! 9%J.! Ð!
)%.W1!*+!G5.!12OK),C!!
s! aˆ! <&6),! *.W)7! *Ê)!
%&‘)%! <&6),! "30.! *Ê)!
%v.!1%]'!)%@)!!
s!Ú),!€&".1,.v!!
z8$!*.(G!)w.!AM1!!
s!XR$!F…),!)%.W1!!
s! Œ+1! 9%;)! AO/$! H-),! )BG!
123),!Fž'!H-),!=5!1&'j)!!
s! l>! )O/$! =#! 1%]'! 1.)%!
%L9! 1%…! G0)%! )%O),!
12&':)! <&6! *O\$! 1%0$%!
6)%!123),!H&[1C!!
s! p%J! )š),! g&'m)! H@&!
Qg&'m)!<&6!1LG!)%5G!=#.!
$G7!A>!$%^!oA!=#.!GG!$J)!
"0.CS!!
z8$!*.(G!$%&),T!!
!!
!!
!!
s! –CXR$! F…),! "m)!
4?)%!J)%7!9%.G!J)%!!
’!
’!
’!
s! cC! •@'! 9%J)! ˜),!
%-6!%†$!!
’!
’!
’!
sŽC!•@'!<&6),!*.W)!!
’!
•@'! *O\$! <&6),! *.W)! 123),!
=/.!G+1!H[!$%L1!AR)!F¹)!!
’!
’!
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
87
s!•CE#G!.3)!%-6!$%L1!
4%?!!
k!
’!
k!
a;&! )%O! 4%5),! "#G! .3)!
%-6!$%L1!4%?!!
!
s!ŸC!E#G!9%R1!<&6),!!
k!
’!
’!
s!¥C!XR$!F…),!H.)%!"?!!
k!
’!
’!
µ),!F…),!)w.!AM1!!
s!z.:&!4%.()!1™!g6!Q§uG31uS!!
s!€%I6!$f.!gOv),!!
s! X^G! =j1! )˜1! 12m)! A:!
G81!4.G!"30.!!
s!€%I6!&),!1%O!)5),!!
s!€%…9!’!<&6),!!
s! X^G! =j1! )˜1! 123),! "f),!
4.G!"30.C!!
!!
B.'TRẮC'NGHIỆM:''
Câu 1. Chọn!câu!đúng!!
A.!{&6),!9%w!".m)!1…$!$]6!G+1!=M1!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!AJ)!$%L1!$]6!=M1!)-),!HR),C!!
B.!{&6),!9%w!".m)!1…$!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!)%.W1!*+!$]6!=M1!)-),!HR),C!
C.!{&6),!9%w!".m)!1…$!4%5),!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!)%.W1!*+!=#!AJ)!$%L1!$]6!=M1!)-),!HR),C!!
! D.!{&6),!9%w!".m)!1…$!9%…!1%&+$!$J!)%.W1!*+!=#!AJ)!$%L1!$]6!=M1!)-),!HR),C!!
Câu 2. !Đ.:&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!œh-!4%.!)-.!=:!GR'!<&6),!9%w!!
! A.'ŒR'!<&6),!9%w!"#!G+1!F…),!$…!*O\$!˜),!F…),!$]6!%.W)!1R)!HU$!R)%!HR),C!!
! B.'ŒR'!<&6),!9%w!Ft),!*(!9%@)!1?$%!$%tG!R)%!HR),!1%#)%!)%.:&!1%#)%!9%;)!*v)!HU$!4%R$!)%6&C!!
! C.'Ú),!$%&¼)!12V$!$]6!GR'!<&6),!9%w!Ft),!*(!103!$%tG!1.6!%+.!1…C!!
! D.'Eš),!4?)%!123),!GR'!<&6),!9%w!"#!A+!9%M)!$-!1R$!F…),!"#G!1R)!HU$!$%tG!1.6!HR),!H3),!H3),!1™!
[),!$%&¼)!12V$!$%.j&!*j)C!!
Câu 3. !Z,&'m)!1U$!%301!*+),!$]6!GR'!<&6),!9%w!FV6!12m)!%.W)!1&\),!!
! A.'9%J)!g0!R)%!HR),C!' B.'4%›$!g0!R)%!HR),C!' C.'1R)!HU$!R)%!HR),C!' D.',.63!1%36!R)%!HR),C!!
Câu 4. !z.:&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!œ6.!4%.!)-.!=:!<&6),!9%w!".m)!1…$¡!
' A.'{&6),!9%w!".m)!1…$!F3!$R$!=M1!2U)!A>!)&),!)-),!9%R1!26C!!
! B.'{&6),!9%w!".m)!1…$!*O\$!%^)%!1%#)%!F3!$R$!*RG!%v.!)&),!)-),C!!
! C.'{&6),!9%w!".m)!1…$!F3!$R$!$%L1!"¢),!=#!4%?!$-!1•!4%[.!"/)!4%.!A>!)&),!)-),!9%R1!26C!!
! D.'{&6),!9%w!".m)!1…$!"#!G+1!FJ.!HR),!$-!G#&!A.j)!1%.m)!".m)!1…$!1™!*¢!*j)!1?GC!!
Câu 5. !o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!không'đúng?''
! A.'{&6),!9%w!=0$%!9%R1!g0!$]6!$R$!),&'m)!1[!4%R$!)%6&!1%^!4%R$!)%6&!=:!H[!"O\),!=0$%!G#&7!
G#&!HU$!=0$%7!=>!12?!=#!*+!HR),!1•!*[.!$]6!$R$!=0$%!<&6),!9%wC!!
! B.'Œ•.!),&'m)!1[!%3R!%†$!N!120),!1%R.!4%?!%6'!%v.!N!R9!H&L1!1%L9!*O\$!4?$%!1%?$%!9%R1!HR),!$-!
G+1!<&6),!9%w!=0$%!9%R1!g0!*8$!12O),C!!
! C.'{&6),!9%w!=0$%!9%R1!g0!"#!)%I),!FJ.!G#&!A.j)!*w.!".m)!1…$!)BG!12m)!G+1!):)!1[.C!!
! D.'{&6),!9%w!=0$%!9%R1!g0!"#!G+1!%W!1%[),!$R$!=0$%!HR),!G#&!)BG!2.m),!2“!12m)!G+1!):)!1[.C!!
Câu 6. !€%†)!H[!$@&!9%R1!A.(&!H6.!123),!$R$!phát!biểu!nào!sau!đây:!!
I.!X.6!%ˆ),!),30.!$-!4%J!)š),!*@G!g&'m)!2L1!G0)%C!!
II.!X.6!%ˆ),!),30.!$-!1%(!4?$%!1%?$%!$%3!G+1!H[!$%L1!9%R1!<&6),C!!
III.!X.6!%ˆ),!),30.!$%•!*O\$!9%R1!26!1™!$R$!=M1!A>!)&),!)-),!$-!)%.W1!*+!12m)!Ÿnn
0
€C!!
IV.!X.6!%ˆ),!),30.!GU1!),OK.!4%5),!)%^)!1%L'!*O\$C!!
' A.'–!' B.'c!' C.'Ž!! D.'•!!
Câu 7. !{&6),!9%w!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!<&6),!9%w!=0$%!9%R1!g0!!
' A.'¨)%!HR),!1™!$%.j$!)%¹)!)&),!*¢C!! B.'¨)%!HR),!G81!12K.!1%&!*O\$!12m)!12R.!*L1C!!
!' C.'¨)%!HR),!1™!A›1!1%Š!*.W)C!! D.'¨)%!HR),!1™!F@'!1-$!A-),!*Ê)C!!
Câu 8. !X?)%!$%L1!)#3!H6&!*@'!4%5),!9%J.!"#!*8$!*.(G!$]6!1.6!’¡!!
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
88
' A.'a&×!1j!A#3C!! !' B.'•@'!26!%.W)!1O\),!<&6),!*.W)C!!
!' C.'"#G!.3)!%3R!4%5),!4%?C!! D.'’&'m)!<&6!1LG!$%^!F#'!%#),!$GC!!
Câu 9. !{&6),!9%w!".m)!1…$!*O\$!9%R1!26!4%.!)#3¡!!
' A.'p%.!)&),!)-),!$%L1!2U)7!$%L1!"¢),7!$%L1!4%?C!
!' B.'p%.!)&),!)-),!$%L1!2U)7!$%L1!"¢),7!$%L1!4%?!$-!4%[.!"O\),!2.m),!"/)C!!
!' C.'p%.!)&),!)-),!$%L1!2U)!=#!$%L1!"¢),C!! !
' D.'p%.!)&),!)-),!$%L1!2U)C!!
Câu 10. !z.:&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!H6.!4%.!)-.!=:!<&6),!9%w!".m)!1…$¡!!
! A.'{&6),!9%w!".m)!1…$!4%5),!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!1%#)%!9%;)!$L&!103!$]6!),&ˆ)!HR),C!!
! B.'{&6),!9%w!".m)!1…$!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!)%.W1!*+!$]6!),&ˆ)!HR),C!!
! C.'{&6),!9%w!".m)!1…$!"#!)%I),!=0$%!G#&!2.m),!A.W1!%.W)!12m)!G+1!):)!1[.C!!
! D.'{&6),!9%w!".m)!1…$!F3!$R$!=M1!2U)7!"¢),!%38$!4%?!$-!1•!4%[.!"/)!4%.!A>!)&),!)-),!9%R1!26C!!
Câu 11. !o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!không'đúng¡!!
! A.'X23),!GR'!<&6),!9%w!1%^![),!$%&¼)!12V$!$-!1R$!F…),!103!26!$%tG!1.6!HR),!H3),!H3),C!!
B.'X23),!GR'!<&6),!9%w!1%^!A&ˆ),!J)%!)BG!N!9%?6!H6&!"š),!4?)%C!!
! C.'X23),!GR'!<&6),!9%w!1%^!Eš),!4?)%!$-!1R$!F…),!9%@)!1?$%!$%tG!R)%!HR),!9%˜$!109!H3),!H3),!
1%#)%!$R$!$%tG!HR),!*v)!HU$!H3),!H3),C!!
! D.'X23),!GR'!<&6),!9%w!1%^!<&6),!9%w!$]6!G+1!$%tG!HR),!1%&!*O\$!123),!A&ˆ),!J)%!$]6!GR'!"#!
G+1!FJ.!HR),!$-!G#&!$;&!=ˆ),C!!
Câu 12. !Phát!biểu!nào!sau!đây!là!đúng?!!
! A.'€%tG!1.6!HR),!"-!26!4%¢.!"š),!4?)%!$]6!GR'!<&6),!9%w!12O/$!4%.!*.!<&6!1%L&!4?)%!$]6!A&ˆ),!
J)%!"#!G+1!$%tG!1.6!9%@)!4‘!$-!)%.:&!G#&!4%R$!)%6&C!!
! B.'€%tG!1.6!HR),!"-!26!4%¢.!"š),!4?)%!$]6!GR'!<&6),!9%w!12O/$!4%.!*.!<&6!1%L&!4?)%!$]6!A&ˆ),!
J)%!"#!1M9!%\9!,ˆG!)%.:&!$%tG!1.6!HR),!H3),!H3),7!G•.!$%tG!G+1!G#&!$-!%O/),!4%5),!12t),!)%6&!!
! C.'€%tG!1.6!HR),!"-!26!4%¢.!"š),!4?)%!$]6!GR'!<&6),!9%w!12O/$!4%.!*.!<&6!1%L&!4?)%!$]6!A&ˆ),!
J)%!"#!G+1!$%tG!1.6!9%@)!4‘!G#&!12U),C!' '
' D.'€%tG!1.6!HR),!"-!26!4%¢.!"š),!4?)%!$]6!GR'!<&6),!9%w!12O/$!4%.!*.!<&6!1%L&!4?)%!$]6!A&ˆ),!
J)%!"#!G+1!$%tG!1.6!HR),!G#&!H3),!H3),C!!
Câu 13. !!Quang!phổ!liên!tục!phát!ra!bởi!hai!vật!có!bản!chất!khác!nhau!thì!!
' A.'a3#)!13#)!4%R$!)%6&!N!G†.!)%.W1!*+!! !
' B.'a3#)!13#)!,.[),!)%6&!N!G†.!)%.W1!*+!!
' C.'•.[),!)%6&!)j&!G•.!=M1!$-!G+1!)%.W1!*+!1%?$%!%\9!!
' D.'•.[),!)%6&!)j&!%6.!=M1!$-!)%.W1!*+!AB),!)%6&!!
Câu 14. !€%†)!$@&!*›),!C!!
! A.'X.6!’!"#!H-),!*.W)!1™!$-!AO/$!H-),!)%¢!%v)!AO/$!H-),!$]6!1.6!1Š!),30.C!! !!
! B.'X.6!’!F3!$R$!=M1!A>!)&),!)-),!N!)%.W1!*+!$63!9%R1!26C!!
! C.'X.6!’!$-!1%(!*O\$!9%R1!26!1™!$R$!*Ê)!*.W)C!! !
' D.'X.6!’!$-!1%(!g&'m)!<&6!1L1!$J!G†.!=M1C!!
Câu 15. !!o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!4%5),!*›),!¡!!
' A.'X.6!%ˆ),!),30.!F3!$R$!=M1!A>!)&),!)-),!9%R1!26C!!
' B.'X.6!%ˆ),!),30.!"#!H-),!*.W)!1™!$-!AO/$!H-),!"/)!%v)!n7®¥!μGC!!
!' C.'X.6!%ˆ),!),30.!$-!1R$!F…),!"m)!G†.!4?)%!J)%C!! !
' D.'X.6!%ˆ),!),30.!$-!1R$!F…),!)%.W1!2L1!G0)%!!
Câu 16. !o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!không'đúng?!! !!
' A.'_M1!$-!)%.W1!*+!12m)!Žnnn
0
€!9%R1!26!1.6!1Š!),30.!2L1!G0)%C!!
' B.'X.6!1Š!),30.!4%5),!A>!1%]'!1.)%!%L9!1%…C!!
!' C.'X.6!1Š!),30.!"#!H-),!*.W)!1™!$-!AO/$!H-),!)%¢!%v)!AO/$!H-),!$]6!R)%!HR),!*¢C!' '
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
89
' D.'X.6!1Š!),30.!$-!1R$!F…),!)%.W1C!!
Câu 17. !o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!không'đúng?!!
' A.'X.6!1Š!),30.!$-!1R$!F…),!H.)%!"´C!!
' B.'X.6!1Š!),30.!$-!1%(!4?$%!1%?$%!$%3!G+1!H[!$%L1!9%R1!<&6),C!!
!' C.'X.6!1Š!),30.!$-!1R$!F…),!G0)%!"m)!4?)%!J)%C!! !
' D.'X.6!1Š!),30.!$-!4%5),!4%J!)š),!*@G!g&'m)C!!
Câu 18. !o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!đúng?!!
! A.'X.6!%ˆ),!),30.!$-!1;)!H[!$63!%v)!1;)!H[!$]6!1.6!HR),!=#),C!! !!
! B.'X.6!1Š!),30.!$-!AO/$!H-),!"/)!%v)!AO/$!H-),!$]6!1.6!HR),!*¢C!!
! C.'l˜$!g0!1Š!),30.!$-!1;)!H[!$63!%v)!1;)!H[!$]6!A˜$!g0!%ˆ),!),30.C!! !!
! D.'l˜$!g0!1Š!),30.!$-!$%&!4‘!"/)!%v)!$%&!4‘!$]6!A˜$!g0!%ˆ),!),30.C!!
Câu 19. !z(!103!26!$%tG!1.6!’7!$%•!$;)!9%-),!G+1!$%tG!m"‡$123)!$-!=M)!1[$!"/)7!$%3!*M9!=#3T!!
' A.'Œ+1!=M1!2U)!AL1!4‘C!! !' B.'Œ+1!=M1!2U)!$-!),&'m)!1Š!"O\),!"/)C!!
!' C.'Œ+1!=M1!2U)7!"¢),7!4%?!AL1!4‘C!! D.'Œ+1!=M1!2U)!%38$!"¢),!AL1!4‘C!!
Câu 20. o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!*›),¡!X?)%!$%L1!<&6)!12†),!)%L1!$]6!1.6!’7!9%@)!A.W1!)-!=/.!$R$!H-),!
*.W)!1™!4%R$!"#T!!
' A.'1R$!F…),!"m)!4?)%!J)%C!' B.'4%J!)š),!.3)!%3R!$%L1!4%?C!!
!' C.'XR$!F…),!"#G!9%R1!<&6),!)%.:&!$%L1C!! D.'p%J!)š),!*@G!g&'m)!<&6!=J.7!,•7!,.L'CCC!!
Câu 21. !!X.6!’!%6'!1.6!§v),%u)!"#!H-),!*.W)!1™!$-!AO/$!H-),T!!
' A.'),U)!%v)!$J!AO/$!H-),!$]6!1.6!1Š!),30.C!! !!
! B.'F#.!%v)!1.6!1Š!),30.C!!
!' C.'4%5),!*3!*O\$!=^!4%5),!,@'!26!%.W)!1O\),!,.63!1%36C!!
' D.')%¢!<&R!4%5),!*3!*O\$C!!
Câu 22. !€%†)!$@&!H6.!!
' A.'X.6!’!$-!4%J!)š),!g&'m)!<&6!G+1!"R!)%5G!G¢),C!!
' B.'X.6!’!$-!1R$!F…),!G0)%!"m)!4?)%!J)%C!!
' C.'X.6!’!"#!A˜$!g0!$-!1%(!125),!1%L'!*O\$!=^!)-!"#G!$%3!G+1!H[!$%L1!9%R1!<&6),!!
!' D.'X.6!’!"#!A˜$!g0!$-!%0.!*[.!=/.!H˜$!4%¢u!$3)!),OK.C!!
Câu 23. !X%@)!1%(!$3)!),OK.!A^)%!1%OK),!$-!1%(!9%R1!26!*O\$!A˜$!g0!)#3!FO/.!*@'¡!!
' A.'X.6!’C!! B.'R)%!HR),!)%^)!1%L'C!! C.'X.6!%ˆ),!),30.C!! D.'X.6!1Š!),30.C!!
Câu 24. !o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!4%5),!*›),!¡!!
' A.'X.6!’!=#!1.6!1Š!),30.!*:&!$-!AJ)!$%L1!"#!H-),!*.W)!1™C!!
' B.'X.6!’!=#!1.6!1Š!),30.!*:&!1R$!F…),!G0)%!"m)!4?)%!J)%C!!
! C.'X.6!’!=#!1.6!1Š!),30.!*:&!4?$%!1%?$%!G+1!H[!$%L1!9%R1!<&6),C!! !! !!
! D.'X.6!’!=#!1.6!1Š!),30.!*:&!A>!"W$%!4%.!*.!<&6!G+1!*.W)!12OK),!G0)%C!!
Câu 25. !X.6!%ˆ),!),30.!=#!1.6!§v),%u)!$-!AO/$!H-),!F#.!),U)!4%R$!)%6&!)m)!$%›),!
' A.'$-!AJ)!$%L1!4%R$!)%6&!=#!˜),!F…),!123),!4%36!%†$!4|!1%&M1!4%R$!)%6&C!!
!' B.'A>!"W$%!4%R$!)%6&!123),!1™!12OK),!*:&C!! !
' C.'A>!"W$%!4%R$!)%6&!123),!*.W)!12OK),!*:&C!!
!' D.'$%›),!*:&!$-!AJ)!$%L1!,.[),!)%6&!)%O),!1?)%!$%L1!4%R$!)%6&C!!
Câu 26. !X.6!%ˆ),!),30.!=#!1Š!),30.!*:&!!
' A.'$-!1%(!,@'!26!G+1!H[!9%J)!˜),!%3R!%†$C!! B.'$-!1R$!F…),!)%.W1!,.[),!)%6&C!!
!' C.',@'!26!%.W)!1O\),!<&6),!*.W)!N!G†.!$%L1C!! D.'A>!)O/$!=#!1%&×!1.)%!%L9!1%…!G0)%C!!
Câu 27. !€%†)!*R9!R)!*›),!=:!1.6!%ˆ),!),30.T!!
! A.'l>!"W$%!123),!*.W)!12OK),!=#!123),!1™!12OK),!!
! B.'€R$!=M1!$-!)%.W1!*+!"/)!%v)!n
O
p!*:&!9%R1!26!1.6!%ˆ),!),30.!!
! C.'€%•!$R$!=M1!$-!)%.W1!*+!$63!%v)!)%.W1!*+!G5.!12OK),!G/.!9%R1!26!1.6!%ˆ),!),30.!!
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
90
' D.'X.6!%ˆ),!),30.!4%5),!$-!$R$!1?)%!$%L1!,.63!1%367!)%.”&!g07!9%J)!g0!!
Câu 28. !o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!H6.¡!!
!! A.'X.6!1Š!),30.!,.›9!gR$!*>)%!*O\$!1%#)%!9%;)!%-6!%†$!$]6!G+1!=M1C!!
!' B.'X.6!1Š!),30.!$-!1R$!F…),!"#G!9%R1!<&6),!G+1!H[!$%L1C!!
' C.'X.6!1Š!),30.!$-!1R$!F…),!$%I6!AW)%!$f.!gOv),C!!
!' D.'X.6!1Š!),30.!$-!4%J!)š),!"#G!.3)!%-6!$%L1!4%?C!!
Câu 29. !X.6!’!4%5),!$-!1?)%!$%L1!)#3!H6&!*@'¡!!
' A.'l>!"W$%!%O/),!123),!*.W)!12OK),7!1™!12OK),CB.'E#G!9%R1!<&6),!G+1!H[!$%L1C!! !!
!' C.'€-!4%J!)š),!.3)!%3R!4%5),!4%?C!! D.'E#G!*u)!4?)%!J)%C!!
Câu 30. !z.:&!4.W)!9%R1!H.)%!$]6!<&6),!9%w!=0$%!9%R1!g0!"#!!
' A.'$R$!$%L1!4%?!N!R9!H&L1!1%L97!A>!4?$%!1%?$%!9%R1C!!
' B.')%I),!=M1!A>!)&),!)-),!N!)%.W1!*+!12m)!Žnnn
0
€C!!
! C.'$R$!$%L1!2U)7!"¢),!%38$!4%?!$-!R9!H&L1!"/)!A>!)&),!)-),C!!
! D.'$%.j&!R)%!HR),!12U),!<&6!*RG!4%?!%6'!%v.!*6),!9%R1!HR),C!!
Câu 31. !x!G+1!)%.W1!*+!)%L1!*>)%7!)j&!G+1!*RG!%v.!$-!4%J!)š),!9%R1!26!%6.!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!$-!AO/$!
H-),!λ
1!
=#!λ
2
!Q=/.!λ
1!
ƒλ
2!
S!1%^!)-!$P),!$-!4%J!)š),!%L9!1%…!!
A.'G†.!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!$-!AO/$!H-),!)%¢!%v)!λ
1
C!
!' B.'G†.!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!$-!AO/$!H-),!"/)!%v)!λ
2
C!!
!' C.'G†.!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!$-!AO/$!H-),!123),!4%3J),!1™!λ
1!
*j)!λ
2
C!
!' D.'%6.!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!*-C!!
Câu 32. !p%}),!*>)%!)#3!H6&!*@'!=:!1.6!%ˆ),!),30.!"#!4%5),!*›),¡!!
! A.'X.6!%ˆ),!),30.!$-!AJ)!$%L1!"#!H-),!*.W)!1™!F3!$R$!=M1!A>!)&),!)-),!9%R1!26C!!
! B.'X.6!%ˆ),!),30.!4?$%!1%?$%!1%>!,.R$!"#G!$%3!16!)%^)!1%L'!G#&!%ˆ),C!!
! C.'X.6!%ˆ),!),30.!"#!)%I),!A˜$!g0!4%5),!)%^)!1%L'7!$-!AO/$!H-),!"/)!%v)!AO/$!H-),!$]6!R)%!
HR),!*¢C!!
! D.'XR$!F…),!)w.!AM1!)%L1!$]6!1.6!%ˆ),!),30.!"#!1R$!F…),!)%.W1C!!
Câu 33. !Œ+1!A˜$!g0!%ˆ),!),30.!$-!AO/$!H-),!¥C–n
-3
GG7!H3!=/.!A˜$!g0!1Š!),30.!$-!AO/$!H-),!–cŸ)G!
1%^!$-!1;)!H[!)%¢!%v)!!
' A.'Ÿn!";)C!! B.'••!";)C!' C.'••!";)C!' D.'•n!";)C!!
Câu 34. !z.:&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!H6.!4%.!H3!HR)%!1.6!’!=#!1.6!1Š!),30.¡!!
' A.'€t),!AJ)!$%L1!"#!H-),!*.W)!1™C!!
' B.'X.6!’!$-!AO/$!H-),!F#.!%v)!H3!=/.!1.6!1Š!),30.C!!
!' C.'z:&!$-!1R$!F…),!"m)!4?)%!J)%C!! !
' D.'€-!4%J!)š),!,@'!9%R1!<&6),!G+1!H[!$%L1C!!
Câu 35. !X.6!1Š!),30.!*O\$!9%R1!26!2L1!G0)%!1™!),&ˆ)!)#3!H6&!*@'¡!!
' A.'Ef!HON.!*.W)C!! B.'Ef!=.!H-),C!! C.'Œ#)!%^)%!=5!1&'j)C!! D.'aˆ!<&6),!*.W)C!!
Câu 36. !Z%M)!g‡1!)#3!FO/.!*@'!=:!1.6!1Š!),30.!"#!4%5),!*›),!¡!!
! A.'X.6!1Š!),30.!"#!)%I),!A˜$!g0!4%5),!)%^)!1%L'7!$-!1;)!H[!)%¢!%v)!1;)!H[!H-),!$]6!R)%!HR),!1?GC!!
! B.'X.6!1Š!),30.!A>!)O/$!=#!1%]'!1.)%!%L9!1%…!2L1!G0)%C!!
' C.'X.6!1Š!),30.!1R$!F…),!"m)!9%.G!J)%C!!
!' D.'X.6!1Š!),30.!4?$%!1%?$%!)%.:&!9%J)!˜),!%-6!%†$C'!
Câu 37. !!X?)%!$%L1!<&6)!12†),!)%L1!$]6!1.6!’7!9%@)!A.W1!)-!=/.!$R$!A˜$!g0!*.W)!1™!4%R$!Q4%5),!4(!1.6!
,6GG6S!"#!!
' A.'1R$!F…),!G0)%!"m)!4?)%!J)%C!! B.'4%J!)š),!.3)!%-6!$R$!$%L1!4%?C!!
! C.'"#G!9%R1!<&6),!)%.:&!$%L1C!' D.'4%J!)š),!g&'m)!<&6!=J.7!,•7!,.L'7!CCC!!
{&6),!9%w!=0$%!9%R1!g0!"#!G+1!%W!1%[),!$R$!=0$%!HR),!G#&!)BG!2.u),!2“!12m)!G+1!):)!1[.C!!
Câu 38. !z(!1%&!*O\$!<&6),!9%w!=0$%!%L9!1%…!1%^!!
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
91
! A.'Z%.W1!*+!$]6!*RG!4%?!%6'!%v.!%L9!1%…!9%J.!"/)!%v)!)%.W1!*+!$]6!),&ˆ)!HR),!12U),C!!
! B.'Z%.W1!*+!$]6!*RG!4%?!%6'!%v.!%L9!1%…!9%J.!)%¢!%v)!)%.W1!*+!$]6!),&ˆ)!HR),!12U),C!!
! C.'Z%.W1!*+!$]6!*RG!4%?!A6'!%v.!%L9!1%…!9%J.!AB),!)%.W1!*+!$]6!),&ˆ)!HR),!12U),C!!
! D.'¨9!H&L1!$]6!*RG!4%?!%L9!1%…!9%J.!2L1!"/)C!!
Câu 39. !Zj&!HU9!gj9!$R$!1.6!%ˆ),!),30.7!1.6!1Š!),30.7!1.6!§v),%u)!=#!R)%!HR),!)%^)!1%L'!1%u3!1%˜!1V!
,.JG!F;)!$]6!1;)!H[!1%^!16!$-!Fž'!H6&T!!
! A.'X.6!%ˆ),!),30.7!R)%!HR),!)%^)!1%L'7!1.6!1Š!),30.7!1.6!§v),%u)!C!!
!' B.'X.6!1Š!),30.7!1.6!%ˆ),!),30.7!1.6!§v),%u)7!R)%!HR),!)%^)!1%L'C!!
!! C.'X.6!%ˆ),!),30.7!1.6!1Š!),30.7!1.6!§v),%u)7!R)%!HR),!)%^)!1%L'C!!
!' D.'X.6!§v),%u)7!1.6!1Š!),30.7!R)%!HR),!)%^)!1%L'7!1.6!%ˆ),!),30.C!!
Câu 40. !o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!đúng?!!
! A.'X.6!%ˆ),!),30.!"#!G+1!A˜$!g0!*v)!HU$!$-!G#&!%ˆ),C!!
! B.'X.6!%ˆ),!),30.!"#!H-),!*.W)!1™!$-!AO/$!H-),!)%¢!%v)!n7Ž•!μmC!!
! C.'$R$!=M1!G&[)!9%R1!1.6!%ˆ),!),30.!26!G5.!12OK),!g&),!<&6)%!1%^!)-!9%J.!$-!)%.W1!*+!$63!%v)!
)%.W1!*+!G5.!12OK),!g&),!<&6)%C!! !
' D.'X.6!%ˆ),!),30.!A>!"W$%!123),!*.W)!12OK),!=#!1™!12OK),C!!
Câu 41. !X?)%!$%L1!,.[),!)%6&!,.I6!1.6!§v),%u)!=#!1.6!1Š!),30.!"#!!
A.'A>!%L9!1%…!AN.!1%]'!1.)%!=#!)O/$C' B.'"#G!9%R1!<&6),!G+1!H[!$%L1C!!
!' C.'$-!1?)%!*@G!g&'m)!G0)%C!! D.'*:&!1š),!1[$!123),!*.W)!12OK),!G0)%!!
Câu 42. !QXZcn–•S!p%.!)-.!=:!<&6),!9%w!".m)!1…$7!9%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!H6.¡!!
! A.'{&6),!9%w!".m)!1…$!$]6!$R$!$%L1!4%R$!)%6&!N!$t),!G+1!)%.W1!*+!1%^!4%R$!)%6&C!!
! B.'{&6),!9%w!".m)!1…$!F3!$R$!$%L1!2U)7!$%L1!"¢),!=#!$%L1!4%?!N!R9!H&L1!"/)!9%R1!26!4%.!A>!)&),!
)-),C!!
! C.'{&6),!9%w!".m)!1…$!,ˆG!G+1!FJ.!$-!G#&!1™!*¢!*j)!1?G!)[.!".:)!)%6&!G+1!$R$%!".m)!1…$C!!
! D.'{&6),!9%w!".m)!1…$!4%5),!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!AJ)!$%L1!$]6!=M1!9%R1!HR),C!!
Câu 43. !Q€zcnn®S!X.6!%ˆ),!),30.!=#!1.6!§v),%u)!*:&!$-!AJ)!$%L1!"#!H-),!*.W)!1™7!$-!AO/$!H-),!F#.!
),U)!4%R$!)%6&!)m)!
' A.'$%›),!A>!"W$%!4%R$!)%6&!123),!1™!12OK),!*:&C!!
' B.'$-!4%J!)š),!*@G!g&'m)!4%R$!)%6&C!!
!' C.'$%›),!A>!"W$%!4%R$!)%6&!123),!*.W)!12OK),!*:&C!!
' D.'$%›),!*:&!*O\$!HŠ!F…),!123),!'!1j!*(!$%…9!’s<&6),C!
Câu 44. !Q€zcnn®S!Œ+1!FJ.!H-),!*.W)!1™!123),!$%@)!4%5),!$-!1;)!H[!1™!•7nC–n
14
!ab!*j)!®7ŸC–n
14
!abC!l.j1!
=M)!1[$!R)%!HR),!123),!$%@)!4%5),!$!Y!ŽC–n
8
!GdHC!eJ.!H-),!12m)!1%&+$!=t),!)#3!123),!1%6),!H-),!*.W)!
1™¡!!
' A.'_t),!1.6!§v),%u)C!! ! B.'_t),!1.6!1Š!),30.C!
!! C.'_t),!R)%!HR),!)%^)!1%L'C!' D.'_t),!1.6!%ˆ),!),30.C!!
Câu 45. !Q€zcn–cS!p%.!)-.!=:!1.6!§v)s,%u)!=#!1.6!1Š!),30.7!9%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!sai?!!
! A.'X.6!§v)s,%u)!=#!1.6!1Š!),30.!*:&!$-!$t),!AJ)!$%L1!"#!H-),!*.W)!1™C!!
! B.'X;)!H[!$]6!1.6!§v)s,%u)!)%¢!%v)!1;)!H[!$]6!1.6!1Š!),30.C!!
' C.'X;)!H[!$]6!1.6!§v)s,%u)!"/)!%v)!1;)!H[!$]6!1.6!1Š!),30.C!!
!' D.'X.6!§v)s,%u)!=#!1.6!1Š!),30.!*:&!$-!4%J!)š),!,@'!9%R1!<&6),!G+1!H[!$%L1C!!
Câu 46. !Q€zcn–cS! l˜$! g0! $-! 1;)! H[! )%¢! )%L1! 123),! H[! $R$! A˜$! g0! %ˆ),! ),30.7! 1Š! ),30.7! §v)s,%u)7!
,6GG6!"#!!
' A.',6GG6!! B.'%ˆ),!),30.C!! C.'§v)s,%u)C!! D.'1Š!),30.C!!
Câu 47. !Q€zcn–•S!X23),!$%@)!4%5),7!g‡1!$R$!1.6T!1.6!%ˆ),!),30.7!1.6!1Š!),30.7!1.6!’!=#!1.6!*v)!HU$!"…$C'
X.6!$-!AO/$!H-),!)%¢!)%L1!"#!!
' A.'1.6!%ˆ),!),30.C!! B.'1.6!*v)!HU$!"…$C!! C.'1.6!’C!! D.'1.6!1Š!),30.C!!
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
92
Câu 48. !QQzacn–•S!p%.!)-.!=:!1.6!%ˆ),!),30.!=#!1.6!1Š!),30.7!9%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!*›),¡!
' A.'X.6!%ˆ),!),30.!=#!1.6!1Š!),30.!,@'!26!%.W)!1O\),!<&6),!*.W)!*[.!=/.!G†.!4.G!"30.C!!
! B.'X;)!H[!$]6!1.6!%ˆ),!),30.!)%¢!%v)!1;)!H[!$]6!1.6!1Š!),30.C!!
! C.'X.6!%ˆ),!),30.!=#!1.6!1Š!),30.!*:&!"#G!.3)!%-6!G0)%!$R$!$%L1!4%?C!!
! D.'Œ+1!=M1!A>!)&),!)-),!9%R1!26!1.6!1Š!),30.7!4%.!*-!=M1!4%5),!9%R1!26!1.6!%ˆ),!),30.C!!
Câu 49. !Qzacn–•S!X23),!$%@)!4%5),7!$R$!A˜$!g0!$-!AO/$!H-),!1š),!F;)!1%u3!1%˜!1V!*›),!"#' !
' A.'R)%!HR),!)%^)!1%L'i!1.6!1Š!),30.i!1.6!’i!1.6!,6GG6i!H-),!=5!1&'j)!=#!1.6!%ˆ),!),30.C!!
! B.'H-),!=5!1&'j)i!1.6!%ˆ),!),30.i!R)%!HR),!)%^)!1%L'i!1.6!1Š!),30.i!1.6!’!=#!1.6!,6GG6C!!
! C.'1.6!,6GG6i!1.6!’i!1.6!1Š!),30.i!R)%!HR),!)%^)!1%L'i!1.6!%ˆ),!),30.!=#!H-),!=5!1&'j)C!!
' D.'1.6!%ˆ),!),30.i!R)%!HR),!)%^)!1%L'i!1.6!1Š!),30.i!1.6!’i!1.6!,6GG6!=#!H-),!=5!1&'j)C!!
Câu 50. !Qzacn–•S!X23),!$%@)!4%5),7!AO/$!H-),!R)%!HR),!"…$!AB),!!
' A.'Ÿ•¥!GG!! B.'Ÿ•¥!μG!! C.'Ÿ•¥!9G!! D.'Ÿ•¥!)G!!
!!
BẢNG'TRA'ĐÁP'ÁN'CHỦ'ĐỀ'2-CHƯƠNG'5'
1B''
2C''
3C''
4B''
5C''
6B''
7CD''
8''
9B''
10C''
11D''
12B''
13C''
14A''
15C''
16B''
17D''
18C''
19B''
20D''
21A''
22C''
23C''
24D''
25D''
26A''
27B''
28A''
29A''
30A''
31D''
32B''
33B''
34B''
35D''
36A''
37D''
38B''
39D''
40C''
41B''
''
''
44A''
45B''
46C''
47B''
48B''
49C''
50B''
51C''
52D''
''
''
''
''
''
''
''
''
CHƯƠNG'VI.'LƯỢNG'TỬ'ÁNH'SÁNG''
CHỦ'ĐỀ'1:'HIỆN'TƯỢNG'QUANG'ĐIỆN.'THUYẾT'LƯỢNG'TỬ'ÁNH'SÁNG'–'HIỆN'TƯỢNG'QUANG'
DẪN.'–'HIỆN'TƯỢNG'PHÁT'QUANG''
A.'LÝ'THUYẾT'''
' I.##HIỆN'TƯỢNG'QUANG'ĐIỆN(NGOÀI)''
1.#Khái#niệm:!a.W)!1O\),!$%.j&!R)%!HR),!"#G!AM1!$R$!u"u$123)!26!4%¢.!bề#
mặt#kim#loại!,†.!"#!%.W)!1O\),!<&6),!*.W)!Q),3#.SC!!
2.#Định#luật#về#giới#hạn#quang#điện:''
!z[.!=/.!4.G!"30.7!R)%!HR),!4?$%!1%?$%!9%J.!$-!AO/$!H-),!λ!),U)!%v)!%38$!
AB),!,./.!%0)!<&6),!*.W)»
0!
$]6!4.G!"30.!*-!G/.!,@'!26!%.W)!1O\),!<&6),!
*.W)CQλ!¸!λ
0!
S!!
3.#Thuyết#lượng#tử:''
a)'Giả'thuyết'Plăng:!EO\),!)š),!"O\),!G#!G•.!";)!),&'m)!1Š!Q9%@)!1ŠS!
%L9!1%…!%6'!9%R1!g0!$-!,.R!12>!%3#)!13#)!gR$!*>)%!=#!AB),!%`7!123),!*-!`!"#!
1;)!H[!$]6!R)%!HR),!A>!%L9!1%…!%6'!*O\$!9%R1!267!$f)!%!"#!–!%B),!H[C!!
b)'Lượng'tử'năng'lượng:!ε=!hf!=! !_/.!%!Y!¥7¥cŸC–n
-34
!QÆCHST!,†.!"#!%B),!H[!o"š),C!!
c)'Thuyết'lượng'tử'ánh'sáng''
s!€%tG!R)%! HR),!"#!G+1! $%tG!%017! G•.!%01!,†.! "#!9%515)! Q"O\),!1Š!)š),! "O\),SC!Năng!lượng!một!
lượng!tử!ánh!sáng!(hạt!phôtôn)!!ε = hf = =!mc
2
!
Ø Trong#đóT!%!Y!¥7¥cŸC–n
-34
!ÆH!"#!%B),!H[!o"š),C!$!Y!ŽC–n
8
GdH!"#!=M)!1[$!R)%!HR),!123),!$%@)!4%5),Ci!
`7!λ!"#!1;)!H[7!AO/$!H-),!$]6!R)%!HR),!Q$]6!A˜$!g0Si!G!"#!4%[.!"O\),!$]6!9%313)C!ε!$%•!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!
1;)!H[!$]6!R)%!HR),7!G#!4%5),!9%…!1%&+$!4%3J),!$R$%!1™!)-!1/.!),&w)!!
! s!_/.!G•.!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$7!$R$!9%5)15)!*:&!,.[),!)%6&7!G•.!9%515)!G6),!)š),!"O\),!ε!=!hfC!!
! s!X23),!$%@)!4%5),7!$R$!9%515)!A6'!F†$!1%u3!1.6!HR),!=/.!1[$!*+!$!Y!ŽC–n
8
!QGdHSC!!
! s!€OK),!*+!$]6!$%tG!HR),!1•!"W!=/.!H[!9%313)!F3!),&ˆ)!9%R1!26!123),!–!*v)!=>!1%K.!,.6)C!!
l
hc
l
hc
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
93
! s!p%.!),&'m)!1Š7!9%@)!1Š!%6'!u"u$123)!9%R1!g0!%6'!%L9!1%…!R)%!HR),7!$P),!$-!),%—6!"#!$%›),!9%R1!
g0!%6'!%L9!1%…!9%515)C!!
v Chú#ý:#'
! D!€%tG!HR),!Ft!2L1!'j&!$P),!$%˜6!2L1!)%.:&!9%515)7!)m)!16!)%^)!$%tG!HR),!)%O!".m)!1…$C!!
! D!€R$!9%513)!$%•!1ˆ)!10.!123),!120),!1%R.!$%&'()!*+),7!4%5),!$-!9%313)!*˜),!'m)C!!
4.#Giải#thích#định#luật#về#giới#hạn#quang#điện:''
X%u3!•.)H1u.)7!G•.!9%513)!A>!%L9!1%…!H“!12&':)!13#)!A+!)š),!"O\),!$%3!G+1!m"u$123)C!Zš),!"O\),!ε!
)#'!Ft),!*(T!!
! s!$&),!$L9!$%3!m"u$123)!G+1!$5),!1%3R1!h!*(!)-!1%U),!*O\$!"V$!".m)!4j1!=/.!G0),!1.)%!1%(!=#!1%-61!
26!4%¢.!A:!G81!4.G!"30.C!!
! s!X2&':)!$%3!)-!G+1!*+),!)š),!A6)!*;&C!
W
đ0max
!!
! s!X2&':)!G+1!9%;)!)š),!"O\),!$%3!G0),!1.)%!1%(C!z[.!=/.!$R$!m"u$123)!)BG!12m)!A:!G81!4.G!"30.!
1%^!*+),!)š),!)#'!$-!,.R!12>!$V$!*0.!=^!4%5),!GL1!9%;)!)š),!"O\),!$%3!G0),!1.)%!1%(C!!!! X%u3!
*>)%!"&M1!AJ3!13#)!)š),!"O\),7!16!$-T!!
ε!Y!hf!Y!A
t
!D!W
đ0max!!
! ! ! ! hay! Y!A
t
!D m
e
C!= !
! à'Giải#thích#định#luật#1:!!
!! !! !z(!$-!%.W)!1O\),!<&6),!*.W)!gJ'!267!1˜$!"#!$-!m"u$123)!AM1!26!4%¢.!4.G!"30.7!1%^T!!
ε Ð!A
t
!%6'! ≥!A
t!
Þ!λ!¸
!
!%6'!λ!¸λ
0
!
"!=/.!λ
0
!,†.!"#!,./.!%0)!<&6),!*.W)!$]6!4.G!"30.!Ft),!"#G!€6131!!
!
"!€5),!1%3R1!$]6!u!26!4%¢.!4.G!"30.!T!!
5.#Lưỡng#tính#song#hạt#của#ánh#sáng:''
! s!¨)%!HR),!=™6!$-!1?)%!$%L1!H-),7!=™6!$-!1?)%!$%L1!%01C!X6!)-.!R)%!HR),!$-!"O³),!1?)%!H-),!s!%01C!!
! s!X23),!G•.!%.W)!1O\),!<&6),!%†$7!R)%!HR),!1%OK),!1%(!%.W)!2¢!G+1!123),!%6.!1?)%!$%L1!12m)C!p%.!
1?)%!$%L1!H-),!1%(!%.W)!2¢!1%^!1?)%!$%L1!%01!"0.!GK!)%017!=#!),O\$!"0.C!!
! s!œ-),!*.W)!1™!$-!AO/$!H-),!$#),!),U)7!9%515)!$-!)š),!"O\),!$#),!"/)!1%^!1?)%!$%L1!%01!1%(!%.W)!
$#),!2¿7!)%O!N!%.W)!1O\),!<&6),!*.W)7!N!4%J!)š),!*@G!g&'m)7!4%J!)š),!9%R1!<&6),À7$f)!1?)%!$%L1!
H-),!$#),!GK!)%01C!!
! s!X2R.!"0.!H-),!*.W)!1™!$-!AO/$!H-),!$#),!F#.7!9%515)!˜),!=/.!)-!$-!)š),!"O\),!$#),!)%¢7!1%^!1?)%!
$%L1!H-),!"0.!1%(!%.W)!2¢!%v)!)%O!N!%.W)!1O\),!,.63!1%367!)%.”&!g07!1R)!HU$7!À7!$f)!1?)%!$%L1!%01!1%^!
GK!)%01C!!
II.'HIỆN'TƯỢNG'QUANG'ĐIỆN'TRONG''
1.#Chất#quang#dẫn:!%L1!F¹)!*.W)!4‡G!4%.!4%5),!A>!$%.j&!HR),!=#!12N!1%#)%!F¹)!*.W)!1[1!4%.!A>!$%.j&!
R)%!HR),!1%?$%!%\9C!!
2.#Hiện#tượng#quang#điện#trong:!a.W)!1O\),!R)%!HR),!,.J.!9%-),!$R$!u"u$123)!".m)!4j1!*(!$%›),!12N!
1%#)%!$R$!u"u$123)!F¹)!*ˆ),!1%K.!103!26!$R$!"•!12[),!$t),!1%6G!,.6!=#3!<&R!12^)%!F¹)!*.W)7!,†.!"#!%.W)!
1O\),!<&6),!*.W)!123),C!!
!Chú'ýT!Zš),!"O\),!$;)!1%.j1!$&),!$L9!*(!gJ'!26!<&6),!*.W)!123),!)%¢!%v)!<&6),!*.W)!),3#.C!!
3.#Quang#điện#trở:''
! s!E#!G+1!*.W)!12N!"#G!AB),!$%L1!<&6),!F¹)!!
! s!€L&!103T!•ˆG!G+1!H\.!F@'!AB),!$%L1!<&6),!F¹)!,U)!12m)!G+1!*j!$R$%!*.W)C!!
! s!z.W)!12N!$]6!<&6),!*.W)!12N!$-!1%(!1%6'!*w.!1™!=#3!Œ!4%.!4%5),!*O\$!$%.j&!HR),!g&[),!=#.!
$%…$!5G!4%.!*O\$!$%.j&!HR),C!!
4.#Pin#quang#điện:#'
l
hc
2
1
2
max0
l
hc
t
A
hc
hY !
0
hc
l
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
94
!o.)!<&6),!*.W)!"#!),&ˆ)!*.W)!123),!*-!<&6),!)š),!*O\$!A.j)!*w.!12V$!1.j9!1%#)%!*.W)!)š),C!a301!
*+),!$]6!9.)!FV6!12m)!%.W)!1O\),!<&6),!*.W)!123),!$]6!G+1!H[!$%L1!AR)!F¹)!Q*ˆ),!5g.17!Hm"u)7!H.".$7CCCSC!
œ&L1!*.W)!*+),!$]6!9.)!1%OK),!$-!,.R!12>!1™!n7Ÿ!_!*j)!n7•!_!!
!o.)!<&6),!*.W)!Q9.)!G81!12K.S!*ž!12N!1%#)%!),&ˆ)!$&),!$L9!*.W)!$%3!$R$!=t),!H@&!=t),!g67!12m)!$R$!=W!
1.)%!)%@)!1037!$3)!1#&!=P!12…7!123),!$R$!GR'!*3!R)%!HR),7!GR'!1?)%!A¢!1›.C!À!!
So#sánh#hiện#tượng#quang#điện#ngoài#và#quang#điện#trong:'
!!
{&6),!*.W)!),3#.!!
{&6),!*.W)!123),!à!{&6),!F¹)!!
Œ¹&!),%.m)!$˜&!!
p.G!"30.!!
€%L1!AR)!F¹)!!
z>)%!),%—6!!
s!€R$!u"u$123)!AM1!26!4%¢.!A:!G81!4.G!"30.!!
’&L1! %.W)! $R$! u"u$123)! F¹)! =#! "•! 12[),!
$%&'()! *+),! 123),! "f),! 4%[.! AR)! F¹)C!
Q{&6),!F¹)S!!
z8$!*.(G!!
s!XL1!$J!$R$!pE!4.:G!=#!–!H[!pE!4.:G!1%w!
$-! λ
0!
1%&+$! R)%! HR),! )%^)! 1%L'7! $f)! "0.!
)BG!123),!1Š!),30.!!
s!XL1!$J!$R$!AR)!F¹)!$-!λ
0!
)BG!123),!=t),!
%ˆ),!),30.C!!
µ),!F…),!!
s!Xj!A#3!<&6),!*.W)!˜),!F…),!123),!$R$!
1%.j1!A>!1V!*+),!%-6!=#!$R$!GR'!*jG!g&),!
R)%!HR),C!!
{&6),!*.W)!12NT!E#!".)%!4.W)!G#!4%.!$%.j&!
R)%! HR),! *.W)! 12N! ,.JG! *+1! ),+1! 1™! =#.!
),%^)!ÛG!g&[),!$f)!=#.!ÛGC!!
o.)! <&6),! *.W)T! E#! ),&ˆ)! *.W)! $%&'()!
%-6! <&6),! )š),! 1%#)%! *.W)! )š),C! Q{z!
123),! 103! %01! F¹)7! )%K! 4%&j$%! 1R)! )m)!
103!c!"/9!*.W)!1?$%!103!1%#)%!),&ˆ)!*.W)S!
C!!
III.'HIỆN'TƯỢNG'QUANG'–'PHÁT'QUANG''
' I.##Hiện#tượng#quang–Phát#quang.#'
1.#Sự#phát#quang#'
s!€-!G+1!H[!$%L1!4%.!%L9!1%…!)š),!"O\),!FO/.!G+1!F0),!)#3!*-7!1%^!$-!4%J!)š),!9%R1!26!$R$!A˜$!g0!
*.W)!1™!123),!G.:)!R)%!HR),!)%^)!1%L'!%6'!là!sự!hấp!thụ!ánh!sáng!có!bước!sóng!này!để!phát!ra!ánh!
sáng!có!bước!sóng!khácC!!
!à!€R$!%.W)!1O\),!*-!,†.!"#!HV!9%R1!<&6),C!!
s!X?)%!$%L1!<&6)!12†),!$]6!HV!9%R1!<&6),!"#!)-!$f)!4‡3!F#.!G+1!1%K.!,.6)!H6&!4%.!1U1!R)%!HR),!2.#
Huỳnh#quang#và#lân#quang-#So#sánh#hiện#tượng#huỳnh#quang#và#lân#quang:#'
So'sánh'
Hiện'tượng'huỳnh'quang'
Hiện'tượng'lân'quang'
_M1!".W&!9%R1!<&6),!!
€%L1!4%?!%38$!$%L1!"¢),!!
€%L1!2U)!!
X%K.!,.6)!9%R1!<&6),!!
§L1!),U)7!1U1!2L1!)%6)%!H6&!4%.!1U1!6H!
4?$%!1%?$%!!
p‡3! F#.! G+1! 4%3J),! 1%K.! ,.6)! H6&! 4%.!
1U1! 6H! 4?$%! 1%?$%! Q=#.! 9%;)! ),#)! ,.@'!
*j)!=#.!,.K7!1t'!$%L1S!!
z8$!*.(G!s!µ),!F…),!!
hH! %&‘)%! <&6),! "&5)! $-! AO/$! H-),!
F#.!%v)!6H!4?$%!1%?$%!Q)š),!"O\),!)%¢!
%v)s!1;)!H[!),U)!%v)S!!
l.()!AR3!,.63!1%5),7!*Ê)![),!!
3.#Định#luật#Xtốc#về#sự#phát#quang#(Đặc#điểm#của#ánh#sáng'huỳnh#quang)#
¨)%!HR),!9%R1!<&6),!$-!AO/$!H-),!λ
hq
!F#.!%v)!AO/$!H-),!$]6!R)%!HR),!4?$%!1%?$%!λ
kt
T!!
! ! ! ! Ε%<!ƒ!ε41! !%CÜ%
q!
ƒ!%C`
kt
! λ
hq
!„!λ
kt
!
4.#Ứng#dụng#của#hiện#tượng#phát#quang#'
!œŠ!F…),!123),!$R$!*Ê)![),!*(!1%U9!HR),7!123),!$R$!G#)!%^)%!$]6!F63!*+),!4?!*.W)!1Š7!1.=.7!GR'!1?)%C!
œŠ!F…),!Hv)!9%R1!<&6),!<&‡1!12m)!$R$!A.()!AR3!,.63!1%5),C!!
Û
Û
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
95
B.'TRẮC'NGHIỆM:''
Câu 1. Zj&!123),!G+1!G5.!12OK),7!16!A.j1!*O\$!AO/$!H-),!$]6!"O\),!1Š!)š),!"O\),!R)%!HR),!Q9%515)S!
%`!AB),!λ7!1%^!$%.j1!H&L1!1&'W1!*[.!$]6!G5.!12OK),!123),!H&[1!*-!AB),!!
' A.'! .!! !B. '.!' C.' .! D.' !
Câu 2. !p%.!)-.!=:!1%&'j1!"O\),!1Š!R)%!HR),7!9%R1!A.(&!)#3!FO/.!*@'!"#!sai?''
! A.'Z,&'m)!1Š!%6'!9%@)!1Š!=M1!$%L1!4%5),!%L9!1%…!%6'!A˜$!g0!R)%!HR),!G+1!$R$%!".m)!1…$!G#!1%#)%!
1™),!9%;)!2.m),!A.W17!*˜1!<&ž),C!!
! B.'p%.!R)%!HR),!12&':)!*.7!"O\),!1Š!R)%!HR),!4%5),!A>!1%6'!*w.!=#!4%5),!9%…!1%&+$!4%3J),!$R$%!
1/.!),&ˆ)!HR),C!!
' C.'Zš),!"O\),!$]6!"O\),!1Š!R)%!HR),!*¢!"/)!%v)!)š),!"O\),!$]6!"O\),!1Š!R)%!HR),!1?GC!!
!' D.'Œ•.!$%tG!HR),!Ft!2L1!'j&!$P),!$%˜6!G+1!H[!2L1!"/)!"O\),!1Š!R)%!HR),C!!
Câu 3. !•./.!%0)!<&6),!*.W)!$]6!G•.!4.G!"30.!"#!!
! A.'lO/$!H-),!F#.!)%L1!$]6!A˜$!g0!$%.j&!=#3!4.G!"30.!*-!G#!,@'!26!*O\$!%.W)!1O\),!<&6),!*.W)C!!
B.'lO/$!H-),!),U)!)%L1!$]6!A˜$!g0!$%.j&!=#3!4.G!"30.!*-!G#!,@'!26!*O\$!%.W)!1O\),!<&6),!*.W)C!!
! C.'€5),!)%¢!)%L1!Ft),!*(!A˜1!m"u$123)!26!4%¢.!A:!G81!4.G!"30.!*-C!!
! D.'€5),!"/)!)%L1!Ft),!*(!A˜1!m"u$123)!26!4%¢.!A:!G81!4.G!"30.!*-C!!
Câu 4. !X23),!1%?!),%.WG!au$gvT!$%.j&!G+1!$%tG!HR),!9%R1!26!1™!G+1!%ˆ!<&6),!=#3!G+1!1LG!4“G!1%^!
1%L'!$R$!u"u$123)!AM1!26!4%¢.!1LG!4.G!"30.C!p%.!$%U)!$%tG!HR),!%ˆ!<&6),!AB),!1LG!1%]'!1.)%!F#'!1%^!
1%L'!4%5),!$-!u"u$123)!AM1!26!)I67!*.:&!)#'!$%˜),!1¢!!
! A.'R)%!HR),!9%R1!26!1™!%ˆ!<&6),!$-!AO/$!H-),!)%¢!%v)!,./.!%0)!<&6),!*.W)!$]6!4“GC!!
! B.'1LG!1%]'!1.)%!*ž!%L9!1%…!1L1!$J!R)%!HR),!9%R1!26!1™!%ˆ!<&6),C!' '
' C.'1LG!4.G!"30.!*ž!1?$%!*.W)!FOv),!=#!G6),!*.W)!1%j!FOv),C!!
!' D.'$%•!$-!R)%!HR),!1%?$%!%\9!G/.!,@'!26!*O\$!%.W)!1O\),!<&6),!*.W)C!!
Câu 5. !Z+.!F&),!$%]!'j&!$]6!1%&'j1!"O\),!1Š!12V$!1.j9!)-.!=:!!
! A.'HV!9%R1!g0!=#!HV!%L9!1%…!R)%!HR),!$]6!),&'m)!1ŠC!! !!
! B.'HV!1ˆ)!10.!$R$!120),!1%R.!F™),!$]6!),&'m)!1ŠC!!
! C.'$L&!103!$R$!),&'m)!1Š!=#!9%@)!1ŠC!! !!
!' D.'HV!%^)%!1%#)%!$R$!=0$%!<&6),!9%w!$]6!),&'m)!1ŠC!!
Câu 6. !•"u$123)!AM1!26!4%¢.!4.G!"30.!4%.!$-!R)%!HR),!$%.j&!=#3!"#!=^!!
! A.'R)%!HR),!*-!$-!AO/$!H-),!"!gR$!*>)%C!! !!
! B.'=M)!1[$!$]6!u"u$123)!4%.!*j)!A:!G81!4.G!"†6.!"/)!%v)!=M)!1[$!,./.!%0)!$]6!4.G!"30.!*-C!!
! C.')š),!"O\),!9%515)!"/)!%v)!$5),!1%3R1!$]6!u"u$123)!4%¢.!4.G!"30.!*-C!!
' D.')š),!"O\),!9%515)!R)%!HR),!*-!"/)!%v)!)š),!"O\),!$]6!u"u$123)C!!
Câu 7. !X%?!),%.WG!au21H!=:!%.W)!1O\),!<&6),!*.W)!$%˜),!1¢T!!
! A.'XLG!1%]'!1.)%!4%5),!G#&!%L9!1%…!%3#)!13#)!1.6!1Š!),30.!123),!R)%!HR),!$]6!*Ê)!%ˆ!<&6),C!!
! B.'a.W)!1O\),!<&6),!*.W)!4%5),!gJ'!26!=/.!1LG!4.G!"30.!)%.”G!*.W)!FOv),!=/.!G†.!R)%!HR),!4?$%!
1%?$%C!!
' C.'¨)%!HR),!)%^)!1%L'!4%5),!,@'!26!*O\$!%.W)!1O\),!<&6),!*.W)!12m)!G†.!4.G!"30.C!!
!' D.'•"u$123)!A>!A˜1!26!4%¢.!1LG!4.G!"30.!4%.!$-!R)%!HR),!1%?$%!%\9!$%.j&!=#3C!!
Câu 8. !€%†)!9%R1!A.(&!H6.C!!
' A.'€-!G+1!H[!1j!A#3!<&6),!*.W)!%301!*+),!4%.!*O\$!4?$%!1%?$%!AB),!R)%!HR),!)%^)!1%L'C!!
' B.'X23),!9.)!<&6),!*.W)7!<&6),!)š),!A.j)!*w.!12V$!1.j9!1%#)%!*.W)!)š),C!!
!' C.'z.W)!12N!$]6!<&6),!12N!,.JG!G0)%!4%.!$-!R)%!HR),!1%?$%!%\9!$%.j&!=#3C!!
' D.'Z,&'m)!1U$!%301!*+),!$]6!1L1!$J!$R$!1j!A#3!<&6),!*.W)!*:&!FV6!12m)!%.W)!1O\),!<&6),!F¹)C!!
Câu 9. !až'!$%†)!$@&!*›),C!€%.j&!R)%!HR),!=#),!=#3!G81!G+1!1LG!=M1!".W&!1%^!1%L'!$-!m"u$123)!A>!AM1!26C!
XLG!=M1!".W&!*-!$%U$!$%U)!9%J.!"#!!
f
cl
f.
c
l
c
hf
c
fl
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
96
' A.'4.G!"30.C!! B.'4.G!"30.!4.:GC!! C.'$%L1!$R$%!*.W)C!! D.'$%L1!%I&!$vC!!
Câu 10. !o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!*›),!¡!!
! A.'a.W)!1O\),!<&6),!*.W)!"#!%.W)!1O\),!m"u$123)!A>!A˜1!26!4%¢.!4.G!"30.!4%.!$%.j&!=#3!4.G!"30.!
R)%!HR),!1%?$%!%\9C!!
! B.'a.W)!1O\),!<&6),!*.W)!"#!%.W)!1O\),!m"u$123)!A>!A˜1!26!4%¢.!4.G!"30.!4%.!)-!A>!)&),!)-),C!
' C.'a.W)!1O\),!<&6),!*.W)!"#!%.W)!1O\),!m"u$123)!A>!A˜1!26!4%¢.!4.G!"30.!4%.!*81!1LG!4.G!"30.!=#3!
123),!G+1!*.W)!12OK),!G0)%C!!
' D.'a.W)!1O\),!<&6),!*.W)!"#!%.W)!m"u$123)!A>!A˜1!26!4%¢.!4.G!"30.!4%.!)%›),!1LG!4.G!"30.!=#3!
123),!G+1!F&),!F>$%C!!
Câu 11. !QXZcn–•S! X%u3! <&6)! *.(G! $]6! 1%&'j1! "O\),! 1Š! R)%! HR),7! 9%R1! A.(&! )#3! H6&! *@'! "#! H6.¡
' A.'€R$!9%515)!$]6!$t),!G+1!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!*:&!G6),!)š),!"O\),!)%O!)%6&C!!
! B.'p%.!R)%!HR),!12&':)!*.!g67!)š),!"O\),!$]6!9%515)!,.JG!F;)C!!
! C.'o%515)!$%•!1ˆ)!10.!123),!120),!1%R.!$%&'()!*+),C!!
D.'¨)%!HR),!*O\$!103!1%#)%!AN.!$R$!%01!,†.!"#!9%515)C!!
Câu 12. !€%†)!$@&!*›),!C!X%u3!1%&'j1!9%515)!$]6!h)%sg16)%7!1%^!)š),!"O\),!T!!
' A.'$]6!G†.!9%515)!*:&!AB),!)%6&C!! !
! B.'$]6!G+1!9%515)!AB),!G+1!"O\),!1Š!)š),!"O\),!!
!' C.',.JG!F;)!4%.!9%515)!26!g6!F;)!),&ˆ)!HR),C!! !
' D.'$]6!9%513)!4%5),!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!AO/$!H-),C!!
Câu 13. !Q€zcnn¤S!et),!1%&'j1!"O\),!1Š!R)%!H6),!4%5),!,.J.!1%?$%!*O\$!!
' A.'%.W)!1O\),!<&6),!·!9%R1!<&6),C!! B.'%.W)!1O\),!,.63!1%36!R)%!HR),C!!
! C.'),&'m)!1U$!%301!*+),!$]6!9.)!<&6),!*.W)C!! D.'%.W)!1O\),!<&6),!*.W)!),3#.C!!
! E.'HV!1ˆ)!10.!$R$!120),!1%R.!F™),!$]6!),&'m)!1Š!%.*25!!
Câu 14. !€%†)!$@&!*›),!T!€%.j&!G+1!$%tG!1.6!%ˆ),!),30.!=#3!4“G!1?$%!*.W)!@G!1%^T!!
' A.'z.W)!1?$%!@G!$]6!"R!4“G!GL1!*.!! B.'XLG!4“G!H“!12&),!%f6!=:!*.W)C!!
!' C.'z.W)!1?$%!$]6!1LG!4“G!4%5),!1%6'!*w.C!! D.'XLG!4“G!1?$%!*.W)!FOv),!!
Câu 15. !€%†)!$@&!*›),!123),!$R$!$@&!H6&T!!
' A.'a.W)!1O\),!<&6),!*.W)!$%˜),!1¢!R)%!HR),!$-!1?)%!$%L1!%01!!
' B.'a.W)!<&6),!*.W)!$%˜),!G.)%!R)%!HR),!$%•!$-!1?)%!$%L1!H-),C!!
!' C.'p%.!AO/$!H-),!$#),!F#.!1%^!)š),!"O\),!9%313)!˜),!=/.!$%›),!$-!)š),!"O\),!$#),!"/)!!
Câu 16. !€%†)!$@&!*›),!T!•./.!%0)!<&6),!*.W)!1t'!1%&+$!!
! A.'lJ)!$%L1!$]6!4.G!"30.!!
!' B.'a.W&!*.W)!1%j!,.I6!6)3F!=#!$613F!$]6!1j!A#3!<&6),!*.W)!!
' C.'lO/$!H-),!$]6!R)%!HR),!$%.j&!=#3!$613F!! !
' D.'z.W)!12OK),!,.I6!6)3F!=#!$613F!
Câu 17. !z.:&!4%}),!*>)%!)#3!H6&!*@'!4%5),!*›),!4%.!)-.!=:!AJ)!$%L1!$]6!R)%!HR),!¡!!
! A.'¨)%!HR),!$-!"O³),!1?)%!H-),!%01!! !!
! B.'¨)%!HR),!$-!AO/$!H-),!$#),!),U)!1%^!1?)%!$%L1!%01!$]6!)-!$#),!1%(!%.W)!2¿!)‡1!!
! C.'p%.!1?)%!$%L1!%01!1%(!%.W)!2¿!)‡17!16!F”!<&6)!HR1!%.W)!1O\),!,.63!1%36!R)%!HR),!%v)!!
! D.'p%.!AO/$!H-),!$]6!R)%!HR),!$#),!"/)!1%^!1?)%!$%L1!H-),!$#),!1%(!%.W)!2¿!)‡1!!
Câu 18. !a.W)!1O\),!<&6),!F¹)!"#!!
! A.'%.W)!1O\),!G+1!$%L1!9%R1!<&6),!4%.!A>!$%.j&!AB),!$%tG!u"u$123)C!!
! B.'%.W)!1O\),!G+1!$%L1!A>!)-),!"m)!4%.!$%.j&!R)%!HR),!=#3C!!
! C.'%.W)!1O\),!,.JG!*.W)!12N!$]6!$%L1!AR)!F¹)!4%.!$%.j&!R)%!HR),!=#3C!!
! D.'HV!12&':)!H-),!R)%!HR),!AB),!H\.!$R9!<&6),C!!
Câu 19. !€%†)!$@&!*›),!C!€%.j&!G+1!$%tG!1.6!%ˆ),!),30.!=#3!"R!4“G!1?$%!*.W)!@G!1%^!!
' A.'*.W)!1?$%!@G!$]6!"R!4“G!GL1!*.C!! B.'1LG!4“G!H“!12&),!%3#!=:!*.W)C!' '
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
97
' C.'*.W)!1?$%!$]6!1LG!4“G!4%5),!1%6'!*w.C!! D.'1LG!4“G!1?$%!*.W)!FOv),C!!
Câu 20. !E.)%!4.W)!)#3!FO/.!*@'!%301!*+),!FV6!=#3!%.W)!1O\),!<&6),!*.W)!123),!¡!!
' A.'Xj!A#3!<&6),!*.W)C!! B.'{&6),!*.W)!12NC!! C.'zÊ)!E•eC' D.'Z%.W1!*.W)!12NC!!
Câu 21. !€%†)!$@&!12J!"K.!4%5),!*›),C!€R$!%.W)!1O\),!".m)!<&6)!*j)!1?)%!$%L1!"O\),!1Š!$]6!R)%!HR),!"#!!
' A.'%.W)!1O\),!<&6),!*.W)C!! B.'HV!9%R1!<&6),!$]6!$R$!$%L1C!' '
' C.'%.W)!1O\),!1R)!HU$!R)%!HR),C!' D.'1?)%!*@G!g&'m)C!!
Câu 22. !€%†)!$@&!*›),C!€5),!1%3R1!$]6!u"u$123)!$]6!4.G!"30.!"#!!
' A.')š),!"O\),!1[.!1%.(&!*(!.3)!%3R!),&'m)!1Š!4.G!"30.C!!
' B.')š),!"O\),!1[.!1%.(&!*(!A˜1!),&'m)!1Š!26!4%¢.!4.G!"30.C!!
! C.')š),!"O\),!$;)!1%.j1!*(!A˜1!u"u$123)!1;),!p!),&'m)!1Š!4.G!"30.C!!
! D.')š),!"O\),!$]6!9%515)!$&),!$L9!$%3!),&'m)!1Š!4.G!"30.C!!
Câu 23. !p%.!R)%!HR),!12&':)!*.7!$R$!"O\),!1Š!)š),!"O\),!!
! A.'4%5),!1%6'!*w.7!4%5),!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!4%3J),!$R$%!),&ˆ)!HR),!g6!%6'!,;)C!!
! B.'1%6'!*w.7!9%…!1%&+$!4%3J),!$R$%!),&ˆ)!HR),!g6!%6'!,;)C!!
C.'1%6'!*w.!1&‘!1%u3!R)%!HR),!12&':)!123),!G5.!12OK),!)#3C!!
' D.'4%5),!1%6'!*w.!4%.!R)%!HR),!12&':)!123),!$%@)!4%5),C!!
Câu 24. !X%u3!*>)%!),%—67!%.W)!1O\),!<&6),!*.W)!123),!"#!!
' A.'%.W)!1O\),!<&6),!*.W)!gJ'!26!N!Am)!123),!G+1!4%[.!4.G!"30.C!!
' B.'%.W)!1O\),!<&6),!*.W)!gJ'!26!N!Am)!123),!G+1!4%[.!*.W)!G5.C!!
! C.'),&'m)!)%@)!H.)%!26!%.W)!1O\),!<&6),!F¹)C!!
! D.'HV!,.J.!9%-),!$R$!u"u$123)!".m)!4j1!*(!$%›),!12N!1%#)%!u"u$123)!F¹)!)%K!1R$!F…),!$]6!G+1!A˜$!
g0!*.W)!1™C!!
Câu 25. !Zj&!R)%!HR),!4?$%!1%?$%!"#!R)%!HR),!G#&!"6G!1%^!R)%!HR),!%&‘)%!<&6),!4%5),!1%(!"#!R)%!HR),!
)#3!FO/.!*@'!¡!!
' A.'R)%!HR),!*¢C!! B.'R)%!HR),!"…$C' C.'R)%!HR),!"6GC!! D.'R)%!HR),!$%#GC!!
!až'!$%†)!$@&!*›),C!X23),!%.W)!1O\),!<&6),!·!9%R1!<&6),7!HV!%L9!1%…!%3#)!13#)!G+1!9%515)!H“!*O6!
*j)!
' A.'HV!,.J.!9%-),!G+1!u"u$123)!1V!F3C!! B.'HV!,.J.!9%-),!G+1!u"u$123)!".m)!4j1C!!
!' C.'HV!,.J.!9%-),!G+1!$89!u"u$123)!=#!"•!12[),C!! D.'HV!9%R1!26!G+1!9%515)!4%R$C!!
Câu 26. !až'!$%†)!$@&!*›),!4%.!g‡1!HV!9%R1!<&6),!$]6!G+1!$%L1!"¢),!=#!G+1!$%L1!2U)C!!
! A.'€J!%6.!12OK),!%\9!9%R1!<&6),!*:&!"#!%&‘)%!<&6),C!!
! B.'€J!%6.!12OK),!%\9!9%R1!<&6),!*:&!"#!"@)!<&6),C!!
! C.'œV!9%R1!<&6),!$]6!$%L1!"¢),!"#!%&‘)%!<&6),7!$]6!$%L1!2U)!"#!"@)!<&6),C!!
' D.'œV!9%R1!<&6),!$]6!$%L1!"¢),!"#!"@)!<&6),7!$]6!$%L1!2U)!"#!%&‘)%!<&6),C!!
Câu 27. !X23),!12OK),!%\9!)#3!FO/.!*@'!$-!HV!<&6),!·!9%R1!<&6),¡!
' A.'X6!)%^)!1%L'!G#&!g6)%!$]6!G+1!A.()!<&6),!$R3!"›$!A6)!),#'C!!
' B.'X6!)%^)!1%L'!R)%!HR),!"…$!9%R1!26!1™!*;&!$R$!$†$!1.m&!12m)!*OK),!)›.!4%.!$-!R)%!HR),!*Ê)!5!15!
$%.j&!=#3C!!
!' C.'X6!)%^)!1%L'!R)%!HR),!$]6!G+1!),†)!*Ê)!*OK),C!! !
' D.'X6!)%^)!1%L'!R)%!HR),!*¢!$]6!G+1!1LG!4?)%!*¢C!!
Câu 28. !œV!9%R1!g0!$JG!˜),!"#!,^!¡!!
! A.'z-!"#!HV!9%R1!26!9%515)!AN.!G+1!),&'m)!1ŠC!!
! B.'z-!"#!HV!9%R1!g0!$]6!G+1!),&'m)!1Š!N!120),!1%R.! 4?$%!1%?$%!FO/.!1R$! F…),!$]6!G+1!*.W)! 1™!
12OK),!$-!$t),!1;)!H[C!!
! C.'z-!"#!HV!9%R1!g0!*ˆ),!1%K.!$]6!%6.!),&'m)!1Š!$-!1Ov),!1R$!"¹)!)%6&C!!
! D.'z-!"#!HV!9%R1!g0!$]6!G+1!),&'m)!1Š!N!120),!1%R.!4?$%!1%?$%7!)j&!%L9!1%…!1%mG!G+1!9%515)!$-!
$t),!1;)!H[C!!
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
98
Câu 29. !!l›1!"6bu!G#!16!1%OK),!Ft),!*(!$%•!AJ),!1%&+$!"30.!"6bu!)#3¡!!
' A.'p%?C!! B.'E¢),C!! C.'§U)C!! D.'lR)!F¹)C!!
Câu 30. !œV!9%R1!<&6),!$]6!=M1!)#3!FO/.!*@'!"#!HV!<&6),!s!9%R1!<&6),!¡!!
' A.'X.6!"Š6!*.W)C!! B.'aˆ!<&6),C!! C.'l-),!*Ê)![),C!! D.'l-),!*Ê)!9.)C!!
Câu 31. !Œ+1!$%L1!$-!4%J!)š),!9%R1!<&6),!R)%!HR),!G#&!*¢!=#!R)%!HR),!G#&!"…$C'Zj&!Ft),!1.6!1Š!),30.!
*(!4?$%!1%?$%!HV!9%R1!<&6),!$]6!$%L1!*-!1%^!R)%!HR),!9%R1!<&6),!$-!1%(!$-!G#&!)#3!¡!!
' A.'Œ#&!*¢C!! B.'Œ#&!=#),C!! C.'Œ#&!"…$C'! D.'Œ#&!"6GC!!
Câu 32. !X2OK),!%\9!)#3!H6&!*@'!4%5),!*›),!=/.!HV!9%R1!<&6),!¡!!
! A.'œV!9%R1!HR),!$]6!A-),!*Ê)!F@'!1-$!4%.!$-!Ff),!*.W)!$%0'!<&6C!!
! B.'œV!9%R1!HR),!$]6!9%519%3!A>!5g.!%3R!123),!4%5),!4%?C!!
! C.'œV!9%R1!<&6),!G+1!H[!$%L1!%v.!4%.!*O\$!$%.j&!HR),!AB),!1.6!1Š!),30.C!!
' D.'œV!9%R1!HR),!$]6!*3G!*-GC!!
Câu 33. !Œ+1!123),!)%I),!*8$!*.(G!$]6!HV!"@)!<&6),!"#!!
' A.'R)%!HR),!"@)!<&6),!$%•!"#!R)%!HR),!G#&!g6)%C!! !
' B.')-!$%•!gJ'!26!*[.!=/.!$%L1!"¢),!=#!$%L1!4%?C!!
C.'$-!1%K.!,.6)!9%R1!<&6),!),U)!%v)!)%.:&!H3!=/.!HV!%&‘)%!<&6),C!!
! D.'1%K.!,.6)!9%R1!<&6),!4‡3!F#.!1™!–n
-8
H!12N!"m)C!!
Câu 34. !X%5),!1.)!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!*›),!4%.!)-.!=:!HV!%&‘)%!<&6),!¡!
' A.'œV!%&‘)%!<&6),!"#!HV!9%R1!<&6),!),U)7!FO/.!–n
-8
HC!!
! B.'X23),!HV!%&‘)%!<&6),7!R)%!HR),!9%R1!<&6),!$f)!4‡3!F#.!G+1!1%K.!,.6)!H6&!4%.!1U1!R)%!HR),!
4?$%!1%?$%C!!
! C.'œV!9%R1!<&6),!1%OK),!$%•!gJ'!26!=/.!$%L1!2U)C!!
! D.'z(!$-!HV!%&‘)%!<&6),!1%^!4%5),!)%L1!1%.j1!9%J.!$-!R)%!HR),!4?$%!1%?$%C!!
Câu 35. !X23),!HV!9%R1!<&6),7!,†.!λ
1
!=#!λ
2
!"#!AO/$!H-),!$]6!R)%!HR),!4?$%!1%?$%!=#!$]6!R)%!HR),!9%R1!
<&6),C!pj1!"&M)!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!*›),¡!!
' A.'λ
1
!„!λ
2
C' B.'λ
1
!ƒ!λ
2
C' C.'λ
1
!Y!λ
2
C!' D.'λ
1
!¸!λ
2
C!!
Câu 36. !œV!9%R1!HR),!$]6!),&ˆ)!HR),!)#3!FO/.!*@'!"#!HV!9%R1!<&6),¡!!
' A.'l-),!*Ê)!gu!GR'C!! B.'af)!1%6)!%ˆ),C!! C.'zÊ)!E•eC'' D.'Z,5.!H63!Aš),C!!
Câu 37. !Œ+1!$%L1!9%R1!<&6),!$-!4%J! )š),!9%R1!26! R)%!HR),!G#&!=#),!"…$!4%.!*O\$! 4?$%!1%?$%!9%R1!
HR),C!a¢.!4%.!$%.j&!=#3!$%L1!*-!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!)#3!FO/.!*@'!1%^!$%L1!*-!H“!9%R1!<&6),!¡!!
' A.'E…$C' B.'_#),C!' C.'e6!$6GC!' D.'z¢C!!
Câu 38. !Q€zcnn¤S!•†.!)š),!"O\),!$]6!9%515)!R)%!HR),!*¢7!R)%!HR),!"…$!=#!R)%!HR),!1?G!";)!"O\1!"#!ε
Đ
7!
ε
L!
=#!ε
T!
1%^!!
' A.'ε
T!
„!ε
L!
„!ε
Đ
C!! B.'ε
T!
„!ε
Đ!
„!ε
L
C!! C.'ε
Đ!
„!ε
L!
„!ε
T
C!' D.'ε
L!
„!ε
T!
„!ε
Đ
C!!
Câu 39. !Q€zcnn¤S! p%.! $%.j&! =#3! G+1! $%L1! "¢),! R)%! HR),! $%#G! 1%^! R)%! HR),! %&‘)%! <&6),! 9%R1! 26!
4%5),!1%(!"#!!
! A.'R)%!HR),!1?GC!! B.'R)%!HR),!=#),C!! C.'R)%!HR),!*¢C!' D.'R)%!HR),!"…$C!!
Câu 40. Q€zcn–nS!X%u3!1%&'j1!"O\),!1Š!R)%!HR),7!9%R1!A.(&!)#3!FO/.!*@'!"#!H6.¡!
' A.'¨)%!HR),!*O\$!103!1%#)%!AN.!$R$!%01!,†.!"#!9%515)C!!
! B.'Zš),!"O\),!$]6!$R$!9%515)!R)%!HR),!"#!)%O!)%6&7!4%5),!9%…!1%&+$!1;)!H[!$]6!R)%!HR),C!!
! C.'X23),!$%@)!4%5),7!$R$!9%515)!A6'!F†$!1%u3!1.6!HR),!=/.!1[$!*+!$!Y!ŽC–n
8
!GdHC!!
! D.'o%@)!1Š7!),&'m)!1Š!9%R1!g0!%6'!%L9!1%…!R)%!HR),7!$P),!$-!),%—6!"#!$%›),!9%R1!g0!%6'!%L9!1%…!
9%515)C!!
Câu 41. !Q€zcn––S!X%u3!1%&'j1!"O\),!1Š!R)%!HR),7!*(!9%R1!R)%!HR),!%&‘)%!<&6),7!G•.!),&'m)!1Š!%6'!
9%@)!1Š!$]6!$%L1!9%R1!<&6),!%L9!1%…!%3#)!13#)!G+1!9%313)!$]6!R)%!HR),!4?$%!1%?$%!$-!)š),!"O\),!Ý!
*(!$%&'()!H6),!120),!1%R.!4?$%!1%?$%7!H6&!*-!!
! A.',.J.!9%-),!G+1!u"u$123)!1V!F3!$-!)š),!"O\),!)%¢!%v)!Ý!F3!$-!GL1!GR1!)š),!"O\),C!!
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
99
! B.'9%R1!26!G+1!9%313)!4%R$!$-!)š),!"O\),!"/)!%v)!Ý!F3!$-!Aw!H&),!)š),!"O\),C!!
! C.',.J.!9%-),!G+1!u"u$123)!1V!F3!$-!)š),!"O\),!"/)!%v)!Ý!F3!$-!Aw!H&),!)š),!"O\),C!!
! D.'9%R1!26!G+1!9%313)!4%R$!$-!)š),!"O\),!)%¢!%v)!Ý!F3!GL1!GR1!)š),!"O\),C!!
Câu 42. !Q€zcn––S!p%.!)-.!=:!<&6),!*.W)7!9%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!H6.¡!!
! A.'o.)!<&6),!*.W)!%301!*+),!FV6!12m)!%.W)!1O\),!<&6),!*.W)!),3#.!=^!)-!)%M)!)š),!"O\),!R)%!
HR),!1™!Am)!),3#.C!!
! B.'z.W)!12N!$]6!<&6),!*.W)!12N!,.JG!4%.!$-!R)%!HR),!1%?$%!%\9!$%.j&!=#3C!!
! C.'€%L1!<&6),!F¹)!"#!$%L1!F¹)!*.W)!4‡G!4%.!4%5),!A>!$%.j&!HR),!=#!12N!1%#)%!$%L1!F¹)!*.W)!1[1!4%.!
A>!$%.j&!R)%!HR),!1%?$%!%\9C!!
! D.'€5),!1%3R1!u"u$123)!$]6!4.G!"30.!1%OK),!"/)!%v)!)š),!"O\),!$;)!1%.j1!*(!,.J.!9%-),!u"u$123)!
".m)!4j1!123),!$%L1!AR)!F¹)C!!
Câu 43. !Qzacn–ŽS!p%.!)-.!=:!9%515)7!9%R1!A.(&!)#3!FO/.!*@'!*›),¡!!
! A.'Zš),!"O\),!$]6!9%515)!$#),!"/)!4%.!AO/$!H-),!R)%!HR),!˜),!=/.!9%515)!*-!$#),!"/)C!!
! B.'o%515)!$-!1%(!1ˆ)!10.!123),!120),!1%R.!*˜),!'m)C!!
C.'_/.!G•.!R)%!HR),!*v)!HU$!$-!1;)!H[!`!gR$!*>)%7!$R$!9%515)!*:&!G6),!)š),!"O\),!)%O!)%6&C!!
! D.'Zš),!"O\),!$]6!9%515)!R)%!HR),!1?G!)%¢!%v)!)š),!"O\),!$]6!9%515)!R)%!HR),!*¢C!!
Câu 44. !Qzacnn®S!o%R1!A.(&!)#3!"#!H6.¡!!
! A.'z.W)!12N!$]6!<&6),!12N!,.JG!G0)%!4%.!$-!R)%!HR),!1%?$%!%\9!$%.j&!=#3C!!
! B.'Z,&'m)!1U$!%301!*+),!$]6!1L1!$J!$R$!1j!A#3!<&6),!*.W)!*:&!FV6!12m)!%.W)!1O\),!<&6),!F¹)C!
' C.'X23),!9.)!<&6),!*.W)7!<&6),!)š),!A.j)!*w.!12V$!1.j9!1%#)%!*.W)!)š),C!!
!' D.'€-!G+1!H[!1j!A#3!<&6),!*.W)!%301!*+),!4%.!*O\$!4?$%!1%?$%!AB),!R)%!HR),!)%^)!1%L'C!!
Câu 45. !Qzacn–nS!p%.!$%.j&! $%tG! 1.6! 1Š!),30.! =#3! G+1! [),!),%.WG! *V),! F&),! F>$%!`"&32ugm.)! 1%^!
1%L'!F&),!F>$%!)#'!9%R1!26!R)%!HR),!G#&!"…$C'z-!"#!%.W)!1O\),!!
' A.'9%J)!g0!R)%!HR),C!! B.'<&6),!s!9%R1!<&6),C!! C.'%-6!s!9%R1!<&6),C!! D.'1R)!HU$!R)%!HR),C!!
!!
BẢNG'TRA'ĐÁP'ÁN'CHỦ'ĐỀ'1-CHƯƠNG'6'
1B''
2C''
3A''
4D''
5A''
6C''
7D''
Đ''
9B''
10A''
11D''
12B''
13B''
14C''
15A''
16A''
17C''
18C''
19C''
20B''
21A''
22A''
23D''
24D''
25D''
26C''
27B''
28D''
29D''
30C''
31B''
32A''
33D''
34A''
35B''
36C''
37A''
38A''
39A''
40B''
41D''
42A''
43C''
44B''
45B''
!!
CHỦ'ĐỀ'2:'MẪU'NGUYÊN'TỬ'BO-'TIA'LA'ZE''
'A.'LÝ'THUYẾT'''
' I.##MẪU'NGUYÊN'TỬ'BO''
'1.# Mô' hình' hành' tinh' nguyên' tử:! §&1%u2`32F! *:! gO/),! G¹&!
%#)%!1.)%!),&'m)!1Š!!
a)#Mẫu#hành#tinh#nguyên#tử#của#Rutherford:!!
§ !a01!)%@)!N!1@G!),&'m)!1Š7!G6),!*.W)!FOv),C!!
§ !$R$!u"u$123)!$%&'()!*+),!<&6)%!%01!)%@)!1%u3!<&|!*03!12f)!%38$!
u".9!Q,.[),!)%O!$R$!%#)%!1.)%!$%&'()!*+),!<&6)%!Œ81!X2K.).!!
§ !p%[.!"O\),!),&'m)!1Š!%;&!)%O!1M9!12&),!N!%01!)%@)!!
§ !{
hạt!nhân
Y! !
b)#Thiếu#sót:#'
§ p%.!A˜$!g0!H“!9%R1!26!<&6),!9%w!".m)!1…$C!!
§ X?)%!A:)!=I),!$]6!),&'m)!1ŠC!Q_^!H63!)-!4%5),!2v.!=#3!%01!)%@)S!!
c)#Khắc#phục:!Œ¹&!),&'m)!1Š!l3!,ˆGT!G5!%^)%!%#)%!1.)%!),&'m)!1Š!=#!%6.!1.m)!*:!$]6!l3C!!
2.#Các'tiên'đề'Bohr'về'cấu'tạo'nguyên'tử.#'
å
e
Q
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
100
a)#Tiên#đề#1#về#trạng#thái#dừng:''
"
!Nguyên!tử!chỉ!tồn!tại!trong!một!số!trạng!thái!có!năng!lượng!xác!định,!gọi!là!các!trạng!thái!dừng.!Khi!
ở!các!trạng!thái!dừng!thì!nguyên!tử!không!bức!xạ.!!
"
!Trong!các!trạng!thái!dừng!của!nguyên!tử,!electron!chỉ!chuyển#động!quanh!hạt!nhân!trên!những!quỹ!
đạo!có!bán!kính!hoàn!toàn!xác!định!gọi!là!quỹ!đạo!dừng.!!
z[.!=/.!),&'m)!1Š!%'*257!AR)!4?)%!$R$!<&|!*03!F™),!1š),!tỷ!lệ!thuận!với!bình!phương!các!số!nguyên!
liên!tiếp!C!€5),!1%˜$!1?)%!<&|!*03!F™),!$]6!u"u$123)!123),!),&'m)!1Š!%'*25T!!
§
n
!Y!)
2
C2
0
!=/.!r
0!
Y!n7ŸŽ
!
Y!ŸCŽC–n
-11!
m!,†.!"#!AR)!4?)%!l3C!Q"›$!u!N!<&|!*03!pS!=#!n#=1,2,3…''
!
'Chú'ý:#'
s!Zš),!"O\),!$]6!120),!1%R.!F™),!$]6!a.F23T!•
n
!Y! QeVSC
!
!
s!l^)%!1%OK),!),&'m)!1Š!N!123),!120),!1%R.!F™),!$-!)š),!"O\),!1%L9!)%L1!Q,;)!%01!)%@)!)%L1Ssà!
120),!1%R.!$v!AJ)!˜),!=/.!)!Y–C!Ở!trạng!thái!này!thì!nguyên!tử!không!bức!xạ!mà!chỉ!hấp!thụ.
!
!
s!p%.!%L9!1%…!)š),!"O\),!à!<&|!*03!F™),!$-!)š),!"O\),!$63!%v)T!trạng!thái!kích!thích!Q)„–SC
!
!
s!€R$!120),!1%R.!4?$%!1%?$%!$-!)š),!"O\),!$#),!$63!1%^!˜),!=/.!AR)!4?)%!<&|!*03!$]6!u"u$123)!$#),!"/)!
=#!120),!1%R.!*-!$#),!4‡G!A:)!=I),CÞ!Giải!thích!sự!bền!vững!của!ng uyên!tử.!Ở!trạng!thái!kích!thích!
thì!nguyên!tử!bức!xạ.
!
!
b)#Tiên#đề#về#sự#bức#xạ#và#hấp#thụ#năng#lượng#của#nguyên#tử.#'
§ p%.!),&'m)!phát!ra!G+1!9%513)!1%^!)-!$%&'()!1™!120),!1%R.!F™),!$-!G˜$!)š),!"O\),!$63!QE
n!
S!=:!
120),!1%R.!F™),!$-!G˜$!)š),!"O\),!1%L9!QE
m!
S1%^!)-!9%R1!26!G+1!9%515)!$-!)š),!"O\),!*›),!AB),!
%.W&!E
n!
s!E
m!
T!!
§ Z,O\$!"0.7!)j&!),&'m)!1Š!*6),!N!123),!120),!1%R.!F™),!$-!)š),!"O\),!G#!%L9!1%…!*O\$!G+1!9%515)!
$-!)š),!"O\),!*›),!AB),!%.W&!E
n!
s!E
m
!1%^!)-!$%&'()!"m)!120),!1%R.!F™),!$-!)š),!"O\),!$63!E
n!
C!!
Þ!œV!$%&'()!1™!120),!1%R.!F™),!•
m
!H6),!120),!1%R.!F™),!•
n
!˜),!
=/.!HV!)%J'!$]6!u"u$123)!1™!<&|!*03!F™),!$-!AR)!4?)%!2
m
!H6),!
<&|!*03!F™),!$-!AR)!4?)%!2
n
!=#!),O\$!"0.C!!
!Zš),!"O\),!9%513)!A>!),&'m)!1Š!9%R1!26!Q%6'!%L9!1%…!S!$-!,.R!12>!!
ε Y!%`
nm
!Y! !
3.#Quang#phổ#phát#xạ#và#hấp#thụ#của#Hidro:.#'
s!p%.!u"u$123)!$%&'()!1™!G˜$!)š),!"O\),!$63!g&[),!G˜$!)š),!"O\),!1%L9!1%^!)-!9%R1!26!G+1!9%515)!
$-!)š),!"O\),T!%`!Y!•
cao
!s!•
thấp
!c!
s!Œ•.!9%515)!$-!1;)!H[!`!˜),!=/.!–!H-),!R)%!HR),!$-!AO/$!H-),!λ!Y!$d`!˜),!=/.!–!=0$%!<&6),!9%w!9%R1!
g0!Q$-!G#&!%6'!=>!12?!)%L1!*>)%SC!z.:&!*-!"?!,.J.!quang!phổ!phát!xạ!của!hiđrô!là!quang!phổ!vạch.!!
s!Z,O\$!"0.7!4%.!),&'m)!1Š!%.F25!*6),!N!G˜$!)š),!"O\),!1%L9!G#!)BG!123),!=t),!R)%!HR),!12U),!1%^!
)-!%L9!1%…!–!9%515)!*(!$%&'()!"m)!G˜$!)š),!"O\),!$63!"#G!12m)!):)!<&6),!9%w!".m)!1…$!g&L1!%.W)!
=0$%!1[.C!Q{&6),!9%w!%L9!1%…!$]6!),&'m)!1Š!%.F25!$P),!"#!<&6),!9%w!=0$%SC!!
à!Kết#luận:!!
s!{&6),!9%w!$]6!a.F23!"#!<&6),!9%w!=0$%!Q%L9!1%…!%38$!9%R1!g0SC!X23),!<&6),!9%w!$]6!a.F23!$-!•!
=0$%!)BG!123),!=t),!R)%!HR),!)%^)!1%L'T!*¢!"6G!$%#G!1?G
!
!
0
A
2
n
6,13
mn
nm
EE
hc
-=
l
EO\),!1Š!H[!)!!
–!!
c!!
Ž!!
•!!
Ÿ!!
¥!!
lR)!4?)%T!r
n
'='n
2
r
0
!!
2
0
!!
•2
0
!!
¤2
0
!!
–¥2
0
!!
cŸ2
0
!!
Ž¥2
0
!!
Zš),!"O\),!$]6!120),!1%R.!F™),!$]6!
a.F23T
!
•
n
!Y!s !Qu_S!
!s !
!s !
!s !
!s !
s! !
!s !
2
n
6,13
2
1
6,13
2
2
6,13
2
3
6,13
2
4
6,13
2
5
6,13
2
6
6,13
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
101
s!Zj&!G+1!$%L1!$-!1%(!%L9!1%…!*O\$!R)%!HR),!$-!AO/$!H-),!)#3!Q%6'!$-!1;)!H[!)#3S!1%^!)-!$P),!$-!1%(!
9%R1!26!AO/$!H-),!L'!Q%6'!1;)!H[!L'S!!
II.## SƠ'LƯỢC'VỀ'LAZE''
1.'Laze:''
a)#Khái#niệm:!E#!G+1!),&ˆ)!HR),!9%R1!26!G+1!$%tG!HR),!$-!cường!độ!lớn!FV6!12m)!=.W$!˜),!F…),!
%.W)!1O\),!9%R1!g0!$JG!˜),C!!
b)#Đặc#điểm:!X?)%!*v)!HU$!$637!1?)%!*>)%!%O/),7!1?)%!4j1!%\9!2L1!$63!=#!$OK),!*+!"/)C!!
2.'Sự#phát#xạ#cảm#ứng:''
!Zj&!G+1!),&'m)!1Š!*6),!N!120),!1%R.!4?$%!1%?$%7!HÄ)!H#),!9%R1!26!
G+1!9%515)!$-!)š),!"O\),!εY!hf7!AU1!,89!G+1!9%515)!$-!)š),!"O\),!
ε~!*›),!AB),!%`7!A6'!"O/1!<&6!)-7!1%^!"M9!1˜$!),&'m)!1Š!)#'!$P),!9%R1!
26!9%515)!εC!o%515)!ε!$-!$t),!)š),!"O\),!=#!A6'!$t),!9%Ov),!=/.!
9%515)!ε~C!Z,3#.!267!H-),!*.W)!1™!˜),!=/.!9%515)!ε!%3#)!13#)!$t),!
9%6!=#!F63!*+),!123),!G+1!G81!9%}),!H3),!H3),!=/.!G81!9%}),!F63!*+),!$]6!H-),!*.W)!1™!˜),!=/.!
9%515)!ε~C!!
! *!€R$!9%515)!ε!=#!εr!T!! !!
! s!$-!$t),!)š),!"O\),7!1˜$!"#!$t),!1;)!H[!Þ!tính!đơn!sắc!cao!!
! s!A6'!$t),!9%Ov),!Þ!tính!định!hướng!cao!!
! s!˜),!=/.!$R$!H-),!*.W)!1™!$t),!9%6!Þ!tính!kết!hợp!cao!!
! s!Z,3#.!267!H[!9%515)!1š),!1%u3!$L9!H[!)%@)!=#!A6'!1%u3!$t),!G+1!%O/),!2L1!"/)!Þ!cường!độ!sáng!
rất!lớnC!!
3.'Cấu'tạo'laze:''
!Ž!"30.!"6buT!E6bu!4%?7!"6bu!2U)7!"6bu!AR)!F¹)C!!
!E6bu!2&A.T!•ˆG!G+1!1%6)%!2&A.!%^)%!12…7!%6.!G81!G#.!)%Ä)!=&5),!,-$!=/.!12…$!$]6!1%6)%7!G+1!
G81!G0!A0$!G81!4.6!G0!"/9!G¢),!QAR)!G0S!$%3!ŸnÒ!$OK),!*+!HR),!12&':)!<&6C!¨)%!HR),!*¢!$]6!2&A.!
9%R1!26!"#!G#&!$]6!"6buC!!
4.'Ứng'dụng'laze:''
s!X23),!'!%†$T!E#G!F63!Gw7!$%I6!–!H[!AW)%!),3#.!F6!!
s!X23),!1%5),!1.)!".m)!"0$T!E.m)!"0$!=5!1&'j)!Q=5!1&'j)!*>)%!=>7!".m)!"0$!=W!1.)%7ÀS!12&':)!1.)!AB),!$R9!
<&6),!!
s!X23),!$5),!),%.W9T!p%36)7!$U1!4.G!"30.7!$3G95b.1!!
s!X23),!12U$!*>6T!z3!4%3J),!$R$%7!),UG!*OK),C!!
!!
PHẦN'ĐỌC'THÊM''
1.#Chứng'minh'sự'thiếu'sót'của'mẫu'nguyên'tử'Rutherford:!!
p%.!u"u$123)!$%&'()!*+),!12f)!12m)!<&|!*03!1%^!"V$!€3&"3GA!*-),!
=6.!12f!"#!"V$!%O/),!1@GC!z[.!=/.!),&'m)!1Š!a'F23!1%^T!!
!
!
!
!
!
!
a) Động#năng#của#electron:##W
đ
= #
b) Thế#năng#của#electron#khi#chuyển#động#trên#quỹ#đạo:#'
r
Ke
2
1
mv
2
1
2
2
=
‰
Culông
!Y!‰
hướngtâm
!
_/. !
ï
ï
î
ï
ï
í
ì
=
=
r
v
mF
r
ke
F
2
huongtâm
2
2
culông
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
102
W
t
!=!-F
Coulomb
.r!=!- !thế!năng!âm!vì!lực!tương!tác!là!lực!hút!còn! nếu!lực!đẩy!thì!thế!năng!mang!giá!trị!
dương.!!
#Năng#lượng#của#electron#khi#chuyển#động#trên#quỹ#đạo:' !Y!
đ
!D!
t
!Y' '
D!’‡1!*.(G!Œ!123),!4%5),!,.6)!$R$%!electronmột!đoạn!A.#€OK),!*+!*.W)!12OK),!F3!electron#gây#ra#
tại#M:!E
M
!=! !
##
"
#Nhược#điểm#1:!Do!electron!chuyển!động!xung!quanh!hạt!nhân!nên!a!thay!đổi!à!€OK),!*+!*.W)!
12OK),!10.!Œ!1%6'!*w.!à!phát!sinh!sóng!điện!từ!à!sóng!mang!theo!năng!lượng!à!năng !lượng!nguyên!
tử!giảm!à!thế!năng!giảm!à!bán!kính!giảm!
à
!electron!rơi!vào!hạt!nhân.!!
##
"
#Nhược#điểm#2:!bán!kính!quỹ!đạo!của!electron!giảm!liên!tục!à!năng!lượng!nguyên!tử!giảm!liên!
tục!à!sóng!điện!từ!phát!ra!có!tần!số!thay!đổi!liên!tục!à!Hydro!chỉ!có!quang!phổ!liên!tục!(thực!tế!có!cả!
quang!phổ!vạch).!!
2.#Ứng'dụng'vào'mẫu'nguyên'tử'Bohr:'thêm'vào'công'thức'bán'kính'r
n
!
Y!)
2
2
0
!=/.!r
0
!Y!Ÿ7ŽC–n
-11
m!
'a)#Tính#vận#tốc#của#electron#trên#quỹ#đạo#dừng#n:''
X6!$-T!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!=!Y! QGdHS!=/.!4!Y!¤C–n
9
i!u!Y!s–7¥C–n
-19
!€!=#!–u_!Y!–7¥C–n
-19
!Æ!
à!X™!*-!16!$-T!!
§ Œ[.!".m)!%W!,.I6!=M)!1[$!=#!"O\),!1Š!H[!)!$]6!u"u$123)T! !
§ Œ[.!".m)!%W!,.I6!"V$!=#!"O\),!1Š!H[!)!$]6!u"u$123)! !
b)#Động#năng-thế#năng#và#năng#lượng#của#của#electron#khi#chuyển#động#trên#quỹ#đạo#dừng:#'
!! ▪!!Động!năngT!
đ
!Y! !=/.!k!=!¤C–n
9
i!e!=!-–7¥C–n
-19
!C!!
!! ▪!Thế!năng!:!W
t
!=! !
#Năng#lượng#của#electron#khi#chuyển#động#trên#quỹ#đạo:''
B.'TRẮC'NGHIỆM:''
Câu 1. Œ&[)!<&6),!9%w! =0$%!$]6!),&'m)!1Š!%.*25!$%•!9%R1! 26!Ž!=0$%!1%^! 9%J.!4?$%!1%?$%!),&'m)! 1Š!
%.*25!*j)!G˜$!)š),!"O\),C!!
' A.'ŒC!' B.'ZC!! C.'kC!' D.'oC!!
Câu 2. Œ+1!*RG!4%?!%.*25!$%&'()!1™!120),!1%R.!$v!AJ)!"m)!120),!1%R.!F™),!G#!u"u$123)!$%&'()!*+),!
12m)!<&|!*03!kC!X?)%!H[!=0$%!<&6),!9%w!1[.!*6!G#!),&'m)!1Š!$-!1%j!9%R1!26!4%.!$%&'()!=:!$R$!120),!
1%R.!$-!)š),!"O\),!1%L9!%v)C!!
' A.'–!=0$%C!! B.'Ž!=0$%C!! C.'¥!=0$%C!! D.'–n!=0$%C!!
Câu 3. !’‡1!),&'m)!1Š!%.*25!)%M)!)š),!"O\),!4?$%!1%?$%7!u"u$123)!$%&'()!"m)!<&|!*03!Z7!4%.!u"u$123)!
12N!=:!$R$!<&|!*03!Am)!123),!H“!9%R1!26!1[.!*6!!
' A.'Ž!9%515)C!! B.'•!9%515)C' C.'Ÿ!9%515)C!! D.'¥!9%515)C!!
Câu 4. !Œ¹&!),&'m)!1Š!l3%2!4%R$!G¹&!),&'m)!1Š!§&1%u29%32F!N!*.(G!)#3!¡!!
r
Ke
2
Þ
r
Ke
2
1
2
2
a
e
k
Þ
( )
n
10.2,2
rnm
ke
mr
ke
6
0
2
2
n
2
==
2
2
C
m.N
÷
÷
ø
ö
ç
ç
è
æ
=
2
1
1
2
n
n
v
v
4
2
1
1
2
n
n
F
F
÷
÷
ø
ö
ç
ç
è
æ
=
eV.
n
6,13
r
Ke
2
1
mv
2
1
2
n
2
2
n
==
2
2
C
m.N
eV.
n
2,27
r
Ke
2
n
2
-=-
Þ
‰
Culông
!Y!‰
hướngtâm
!
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
103
! A.'Œ5!%^)%!),&'m)!1Š!$-!%01!)%@)C!! !
' B.'Œ5!%^)%!),&'m)!1Š!4%5),!$-!%01!)%@)C!!
!! C.'l.(&!1%˜$!$]6!"V$!%›1!,.I6!%01!)%@)!=#!m"u$125)C!!
! D.X20),!1%R.!$-!)š),!"O\),!w)!*>)%C!!
Câu 5. !X%5),!1.)!)#3!*@'!"#!sai!4%.!)-.!=:!$R$!<&|!*03!F™),!¡!!
A.'{&|!*03!$-!AR)!4?)%!2
0
!˜),!=/.!G˜$!)š),!"O\),!1%L9!)%L1!!
' B.'{&|!*03!Œ!$-!AR)!4?)%!¤2
0
C!!
!' C.'{&|!*03!k!$-!AR)!4?)%!Ž¥2
0
C!! !
' D.'p%5),!$-!<&|!*03!)#3!$-!AR)!4?)%!•2
0
C!!
Câu 6. !X23),!),&'m)!1Š!%.*257!A6)!*;&!u"u$123)!*6),!)BG!N!<&|!*03!pQ)!Y!–S7!)j&!)-!)%J'!"m)!<&|!
*03!EQ)YcS!1%^!)-!*ž!%L9!1%…!G+1!9%515)!$-!)š),!"O\),!"#!!
' A.'ε!=!E
2
!-!E
1
C!! B.'ε!=!2E
2
-!E
1
! C.'ε!=!E
2
+E
1
! D.'ε!=!4E
2
-E
1
! !!
Câu 7. l^)%!1%OK),7!),&'m)!1Š!"&5)!N!120),!1%R.!F™),!H63!$%3!)š),!"O\),!$]6!)-!$-!,.R!12>!!
' A.'$63!)%L1C!! B.'1%L9!)%L1C!! C.'AB),!4%5),C!! D.'AL1!4^C!!
Câu 8. Qzacn–•S!€%tG!R)%!HR),!"6bu!4%5),!*O\$!˜),!F…),!!
' A.'123),!12&':)!1.)!AB),!$R9!<&6),C!! B.'"#G!F63!Gw!123),!'!%†$!C!! !!
!' C.'"#G!),&ˆ)!9%R1!H.m&!@GC!! D.'123),!*;&!*†$!*—6!€eC'!
Câu 9. z8$!*.(G!)#3!4%5),!*›),!=/.!"6bu¡!!
' A.'€-!*+!*v)!HU$!$63C!! !!
' B.'E#!$%tG!HR),!$-!*+!H3),!H3),!2L1!$63C!!
!' C.'€-!GM1!*+!$5),!H&L1!"/)C!!!
' D.'€R$!9%515)!1%#)%!9%;)!*:&!$t),!1;)!H[!)%O),!1™),!*5.!G+1!),O\$!9%6!)%6&C!!
Câu 10. !z8$!*.(G!)#3!H6&!4%5),!*›),!=/.!"6bu¡!!
Câu 11. !X.6!"6bu!4%5),!$-!*8$!*.(G!)#3!FO/.!*@'¡!
! A.!z+!*v)!HU$!$63C! B.!z+!*?)%!%O/),!$63C! C.!€OK),!*+!"/)C! D.!€5),!H&L1!"/)C!
Câu 12. !X23),!),&'m)!1Š!a.*257!g‡1!$R$!G˜$!)š),!"O\),!1™!p!*j)!o!$-!A63!)%.m&!4%J!)š),!4?$%!1%?$%!
*(!m"m$125)!1š),!AR)!4?)%!<&|!*03!"m)!¤!";)!¡!!
' A.'–!! B.'c!! C.'Ž!' D.'•!!
Câu 13. !Qzacn–cS!X%u3!G¹&!),&'m)!1Š!l37!123),!),&'m)!1Š!%.F257!4%.!m"u$123)!$%&'()!1™!<&|!*03!o!
=:!<&|!*03!p!1%^!),&'m)!1Š!9%R1!26!9%513)!˜),!=/.!A˜$!g0!$-!1;)!H[!`
1
C!p%.!m"u$123)!$%&'()!1™!<&|!*03!
o!=:!<&|!*03!E!1%^!),&'m)!1Š!9%R1!26!9%515)!˜),!=/.!A˜$!g0!$-!1;)!H[!`
2
C!Zj&!m"u$123)!$%&'()!1™!<&|!
*03!E!=:!<&|!*03!p!1%^!),&'m)!1Š!9%R1!26!9%515)!˜),!=/.!A˜$!g0!$-!1;)!H[T!!
' A.'`
3
!Y!`
1
!·!`
2
!! B.'`
3
!Y!`
1
!D!`
2!!
C.'`
3!
Y! ! D.'f
3!
Y
!
!
Câu 14. !_0$%!<&6),!9%w!$-!1;)!H[!)%¢!)%L1!123),!Fž'!l6)sGu!"#!1;)!H[!`
1
C!_0$%!<&6),!9%w!$-!1;)!H[!
)%¢!)%L1!123),!Fž'!E6.sG6)!"#!1;)!H[!`
2
C!_0$%!<&6),!9%w!123),!Fž'!E6.sG6)!HR1!=/.!=0$%!$-!1;)!H[!`
2
!H“!
$-!1;)!H[!"#!!!
' A.'`
2!!
s!`
1
!! B.'`
1!
D`
2
C! C.'`
1
C`
2
!' D.'
.
!
Câu 15. Œ˜$!)š),!"O\),!•
n
!123),!),&'m)!1Š!%.*25!gR$!*>)%!•
n
!Ys Q123),!*-!)!"#!H[!),&'m)!FOv),7!•
0
!
"#!)š),!"O\),!˜),!=/.!120),!1%R.!$v!AJ)SC!p%.!m"u$123)!)%J'!1™!<&|!*03!1%˜!A6!=:!<&|!*03!1%˜!%6.!1%^!
),&'m)!1Š!%.*25!9%R1!26!A˜$!g0!$-!AO/$!H-),!λ
0!
C!Zj&!m"u$123)!)%J'!1™!<&|!*03!1%˜!%6.!=:!<&|!*03!1%˜!
)%L1!1%^!AO/$!H-),!$]6!A˜$!g0!*O\$!9%R1!26!H“!"#!*O\$!!
! A.' ! B.' .!! C.'λ
0
C! D.' .!
2
2
2
1
ff +
21
21
ff
ff
+
21
21
ff
ff
+
2
0
n
E
0
15
1
l
0
7
5
l
0
27
5
l
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
104
Câu 16. !X23),!<&6),!9%w!),&'m)!1Š!a.F237!4%.!u"u$123)!$%&'()!1™!<&|!*03!F™),!o7!k7!Z7!Œ!=:!<&|!*03!
F™),!E!4j1!"&M)!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!*›),T!! !!
! A.'€%m)%!"W$%!)š),!"O\),!,.I6!%6.!G˜$!<&|!*03!F™),!o!=#!E!"#!)%¢!)%L1C!!
! B.'€%m)%!"W$%!)š),!"O\),!,.I6!%6.!G˜$!<&|!*03!F™),!Z!=#!E!"#!)%¢!)%L1C!!
! C.'lO/$!H-),!$]6!9%313)!9%R1!26!4%.!u"u$123)!$%&'()!1™!<&|!*03!F™),!o!=:!E!"#!)%¢!)%L1C!!
! D.'lO/$!H-),!$]6!9%313)!9%R1!26!4%.!u"u$123)!$%&'()!1™!<&|!*03!F™),!Œ!=:!E!"#!)%¢!)%L1C!!
Câu 17. X%u3!1.m)!*:!$]6!l37!4%.!u"u$123)!123),!),&'m)!1Š!%.F23!$%&'()!1™!<&—!*03!Z!H6),!<&—!*03!E!1%^!
),&'m)!1Š! 9%R1! 26! 9%313)! $-! AO/$!H-),!λ
42
7!4%.! u"u$123)! $%&'()! 1™! <&—! *03!Œ! H6),! <&—! *03! E! 1%^!
),&'m)!1Š! 9%R1!26! 9%313)!$-! AO/$!H-),! λ
32
7!4%.!u"u$123)!$%&'()!1™!<&—!*03!Z!H6),!<&—!*03!Œ! 1%^!
),&'m)!1Š!9%R1!26!9%313)!$-!AO/$!H-),!λ
43
C!l.(&!1%˜$!gR$!*>)%!λ
43
!"#T!!
' A.' B.' ' C.' ! D.' !
Câu 18. !’‡1!A6!G˜$!)š),!"O\),!E
K!
ƒ!E
L!
ƒ!E
M
!$]6!),&'m)!1Š!a.*23C!€%3!A.j1!E!
L
s!E
K!!
„!E
M!
sE
L
C!’‡1!A6!=0$%!
<&6),!9%w!˜),!=/.!A6!HV!$%&'()!G˜$!)%O!H6&T!_0$%!λ
LK!
˜),!=/.!HV!$%&'()!•
L!
à•
K
C!_0$%!λ
ML!
˜),!=/.!
HV!$%&'()!•
M!
à•
L
7!_0$%!λ
MK!
˜),!=/.!HV!$%&'()!•
M!
à•
K
C!až'!$%†)!$R$%!HU9!gj9!*›),C!!
' A.'λ
LK
!ƒλ
ML
!ƒλ
MK
' B.'λ
LK
!„λ
ML
!„λ
MK
!' C.'λ
MK
!ƒλ
LK
!ƒλ
ML
' D.'λ
MK
!„λ
LK
!„λ
ML
!!
Câu 19. !X%u3!1.m)!*:!=:!120),!1%R.!F™),!$]6!l37!9%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!H6.¡!!
! A.'l^)%!1%OK),7!),&'m)!1Š!N!120),!1%R.!F™),!$-!)š),!"O\),!1%L9!)%L1!,†.!"#!120),!1%R.!$v!AJ)C!!
! B.'x!120),!1%R.!F™),7!),&'m)!1Š!"&5)!A˜$!g0!F3!m"u$123)!"&5)!$%&'()!*+),!<&6)%!%01!)%@)C!!
! C.'x!120),!1%R.!F™),!$v!AJ)!7!),&'m)!1Š!4%5),!A˜$!g0C!!
! D.'Z,&'m)!1Š!$%•!1ˆ)!10.!123),!)%I),!120),!1%R.!$-!)š),!"O\),!gR$!*>)%!,†.!"#!120),!1%R.!F™),C!!
Câu 20. !X%u3!G¹&!),&'m)!1Š! l37!AR)!4?)%!<&|!*03!p!$]6!m"u$123)!123),!),&'m)!1Š!%.*25!"#!2
0
C!p%.!
m"u$123)!$%&'()!1™!<&|!*03!k!=:!<&|!*03!Œ!1%^!AR)!4?)%!<&|!*03!,.JG!A/1!T!!
' A.'–c2
0
C!! B.'•2
0
C!! C.'¤2
0
C!' D.'–¥2
0
C!!
Câu 21. !€%†)!$@&!12J!"K.!*›),C!Z,&'m)!1Š!%.*25!N!120),!1%R.!$-!)š),!"O\),!•
n
!Q)!„!–S!H“!$-!4%J!)š),!
9%R1!26T!!
' A.'X[.!*6!)!=0$%!9%w!! ! B.'X[.!*6!)!·!–!=0$%!9%wC!
! C.'X[.!*6!)Q)!·!–S!=0$%!9%wC!' D.'X[.!*6! !=0$%!9%wC!!
Câu 22. !Œ+1!),&'m)!1Š!$-!1%(!A˜$!g0!G+1!9%515)!$-!)š),!"O\),!%`Q`!"#!1;)!H[7!%!"#!%B),!H[!9"š),S!1%^!
)-!4%5),!1%(!%L9!1%…!G+1!)š),!"O\),!$-!,.R!12>!AB),T!!
' A.'chf!C!' B.'•hf!C!' C.' ' D.!Žhf!C!!
Câu 23. !X23),!),&'m)!1Š!%.*257!A6)!*;&!u"u$123)!*6),!)BG!N!<&|!*03!pQ)!Y!–S7!)j&!)-!)%J'!"m)!<&|!
*03!EQ)YcS!1%^!)-!*ž!%L9!1%…!G+1!9%515)!$-!)š),!"O\),!"#!!
' A.'ε!=!E
2
!-!E
1
C' B.'ε!=!2E
2
!-!E
1
C!! C.'ε!=!E
2
!+!E
1
C!! D.'!ε!=!4E
2
!-!E
1
C!
Câu 24. !!X•!H[!,.I6!AR)!4?)%!<&|!*03!E!=#!Œ!$]6!u!123),!),&'m)!1Š!a
2
!"#T!!
' A.'cdŽ!' B.'•d¤!' C.'Ždc' D.'¤d•!
Câu 25. !X%u3!G¹&!),&'m)!1Š!l3!1%^!123),!),&'m)!1Š!%.*237!AR)!4?)%!<&|!*03!F™),!$]6!u"u$123)!12m)!
$R$!<&|!*03!"#!2
n
!Y!)
2
2
o
!=/.!2
o
!Y!Ÿ7ŽC–n
-11
G!"#!AR)!4?)%!l3i!)!Y!–7!c7!ŽÀ"#!$R$!H[!),&'m)!FOv),!1Ov),!
˜),!=/.!$R$!G˜$!)š),!"O\),!$]6!$R$!120),!1%R.!F™),!),&'m)!1ŠC!•†.!=!"#!1[$!*+!$]6!u"u$123)!12m)!<&|!
*03!p7!4%.!)%J'!"m)!<&|!*03!Œ7!u"u$123)!$-!1[$!*+!AB),!!
! hC!=d ' B.'Ž=!' C.'=d¤!' D.'=dŽ!!
Câu 26. !Q€zcn–cS!X%u3!G¹&!),&'m)!1Š!l37!120),!1%R.!F™),!),&'m)!1Š!!
' A.'$-!1%(!"#!120),!1%R.!$v!AJ)!%38$!120),!1%R.!4?$%!1%?$%C!!
' B.'$%•!"#!120),!1%R.!$v!AJ)C!!
3242
3242
43
l-l
ll
=l
4232
3242
43
l-l
ll
=l
4232
4232
43
l-l
ll
=l
3242
4232
43
l+l
ll
=l
( )
2
1nn -
2
hf
3
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
105
!' C.'$%•!"#!120),!1%R.!4?$%!1%?$%C!!
' D.'"#!120),!1%R.!G#!$R$!u"u$123)!123),!),&'m)!1Š!F™),!$%&'()!*+),C!!
BẢNG'TRA'ĐÁP'ÁN'CHỦ'ĐỀ'2-CHƯƠNG'6'
1A''
2D''
3D''
4D''
5C''
6A''
7B''
8C''
9D''
10C''
11D''
12B''
13A''
14B''
15''
16C''
17B''
18C''
19B''
20D''
21D''
22C''
23A''
24B''
25D''
26C''
''
''
''
''
!!
'CHƯƠNG'VII:'HẠT'NHÂN'NGUYÊN'TỬ'-'SỰ'PHÓNG'XẠ''
CHỦ'ĐỀ'1:'CẤU'TẠO'HẠT'NHÂN-'NĂNG'LƯỢNG'LIÊN'KẾT'–'PHẢN'ỨNG'HẠT'NHÂN''
!!
A.'LÝ'THUYẾT''
' I.''CẤU'TẠO'CỦA'HẠT'NHÂN'NGUYÊN'TỬ.''
1.'Cấu#tạo#của#hạt#nhân#nguyên#tử:''
"!a01!)%@)!),&'m)!1Š!*O\$!$L&!103!1™!$R$!%01!)&$"5)C!€-!c!"30.!)&$"5)!T!!
§ o2515)7!4?!%.W&!97!G6),!*.W)!1?$%!FOv),!D–7¥C–n
-19
€i!G
p
!Y!–7¥®cC–n
-27
4,!!
§ )v!123)7!4?!%.W&!)!7!4%5),!G6),!*.W)!1?$%i!G
n
!Y!–7¥®•C–n
-27
4,!!
"!Zj&!–!),&'m)!1[!X!có!số!thứ!tự!Z!123),!AJ),!1&;)!%3#)!Œu)*m"m‡9!1%^!%01!)%@)!)-!$%˜6!Z!proton!=#!
N!nơtronC!p?!%.W&!T! ’!!
! ! ! ! _/.!T!Á!,†.!"#!),&'m)!1Š!H[!!
!! ! ! ! h!Y!Á!D!Z!,†.!"#!H[!4%[.!%6'!H[!)&$"3)C!!
2.#Kích#thước#hạt#nhân:'%01!)%@)!),&'m)!1Š!guG!)%O!%^)%!$;&!$-!bán!kính!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!số!khối!A!
1%u3!$5),!1%˜$T!§!Y!§
0
C !123),!*-T!§
0
!Y!–7cC–n
-15
G!!
3.#Đồng#vị:!"#!)%I),!),&'m)!1Š!G#!%01!)%@)!$]6!$%›),!$-!cùng!số!prôtôn!Z7!)%O),!số!khối!A!khác!
nhauC!_?!F…T!a.F25!$-!A6!*ˆ),!=>! Hi! H!Q DSi! H!Q TS!!
!D!*ˆ),!=>!A:)T!123),!1%.m)!)%.m)!$-!4%3J),!Žnn!*ˆ),!=>!"30.!)#'C!!
!D!*ˆ),!=>!9%-),!g0!Q4%5),!A:)ST!$-!4%3J),!=#.!),%^)!*ˆ),!=>!9%-),!g0!1V!)%.m)!=#!)%@)!103C!!
4.#Đơn#vị#khối#lượng#nguyên#tử:!4?!%.W&!"#!&i!–&!Y!–7¥¥nŸŸC–n
-27
4,C!p%[.!"O\),!–!)&$"5)!gL9!g•!AB),!
–&C!!
–Q&SY Y!–7¥¥nŸŸC–n
-27
!Q4,S!
!! Z,OK.!16!$f)!Ft),!Q S!"#G!*v)!=>!*3!4%[.!"O\),C!X6!$-!!
–Q&SY!¤Ž–7ŸQ SY!–7¥¥nŸŸC–n
-27
!Q4,S!
"
'Một#số#hạt#thường#gặp''
!!
Tên'gọi'
Kí'hiệu'
Công'thức'
Chi'chú'
o2515)!
9!
!
a's*25!)%²!
zv1u2.!
e!
!
a's*25!)8),!
X2.!1.!
X!
!
a's*25!H.m&!)8),!
h)9%6!
¯!
!
a01!)%@)!am!".!
lm16!12™!
β
-
!
!
•"u$123)!
A
Z
3
1
A
1
1
2
1
2
1
3
1
3
1
12
Cntuluongnguye.k
12
6
2
c
MeV
2
c
MeV
( )
Hp
1
1
1
1
H
2
1
H
3
1
He
4
2
e
0
1-
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
106
lm16!$+),!
β
+
!
!
o33b.125)Qo%J)!%01!$]6!
u"u$123)S!
Zv125)!
)!
!
p%5),!G6),!*.W)!
!!
Zv12.)5!
=!
!
p%5),!G6),!*.W)i!G
0!
Yni!
=Y$!
5.'Lực'hạt'nhân:!EV$!%01!)%@)!"#!"V$!%›1!2L1!G0)%!,.I6!$R$!)&$"5)!123),!G+1!%01!)%@)C!!
"!Đặc!điểm!của!lực!hạt!nhân!T!!
s!$%•!1R$!F…),!4%.!4%3J),!$R$%!,.I6!$R$!)&$"5)!¸!–n
-15
QGS!!
s!4%5),!$-!$t),!AJ)!$%L1!=/.!"V$!%L9!F¹)!=#!"V$!1Ov),!1R$!1—)%!*.W)i!)-!"#!"V$!1Ov),!1R$!G0)%C!!
II.'' NĂNG'LƯỢNG'LIÊN'KẾT'CỦA'HẠT'NHÂN':''
1.#Khối#lượng#và#năng#lượng:#'
"
!Hệ!thức!năng!lượng!Anh-xtanh:!E!Y!m.c
2
!C!_/.!$!Y!ŽC–n
8
!GdH!"#!=M)!1[$!RH!123),!$%@)!4%5),C!!
"!X%u3!h)%g16)%7!G+1!=M1!$-!4%[.!"O\),!m
0
!4%.!N!120),!1%R.!),%•!1%^!4%.!$%&'()!*+),!=/.!1[$!*+!=7!
4%[.!"O\),!H“!1š),!"m)!1%#)%!G!=/.!!
! ! ! G!Y! C!X23),!*-!G
0
!,†.!"#!4%[.!"O\),!),%•!=#!G!,†.!"#!4%[.!"O\),!*+),C!!
"!Œ+1!%01!$-!4%[.!"O\),!),%•!m
0
!Q)š),!"O\),!),%•!1Ov),!˜),!"#!E
0!
Y!m
0
.c
2!
S!4%.!$%&'()!*+),!=/.!=M)!
1[$!=!!
"!H“!$-!*+),!)š),!p!Y! Þ!)š),!"O\),!13#)!9%;)!E!Y!mc
2
!*O\$!gR$!*.)%!1%u3!$5),!1%˜$T!!
!!
!
(1)! =/.! v!
≤c!!
! !
!
!
! p%[.!"O\),!$]6!%01!)%@)!$f)!*O\$!*3!AB),!*v)!=>T! i!–&!Y!¤Ž–7Ÿ !
–Q&S!Y!¤Ž–7ŸQ S!Y!–7¥¥nŸŸC–n
-27
Q4,S!
2.'Độ'hụt'khối'của'hạt'nhân!! T!p%[.!"O\),!%01!)%@)!m
hn
!"&5)!)%¢!%v)!1w),!4%[.!"O\),!$R$!)&$"5)!
"#!G
0
!103!1%#)%!%01!)%@)!*-!G+1!"O\),!ΔmC!!
Khối! lượng! của! hạt!
nhân!X!!
Khối! lượng! của! Z!
proton!!
Khối! lượng! của! N=(A-Z)!
notron!!
Xw),!4%[.!"O\),!$]6!$R$!)&$"3)!!
G
X
!!
ÁCG
p
!!
! QhsÁSCG
n
!
n
!!
G
0!
Y!ÁCG
p!
DQhsÁSCG
n
!!
Ø
'Độ'hụt'khối''
! ! ! ! (2)!!
!
3.'Năng'lượng'liên'kết'hạt'nhân!!!Q ST!
e
0
1
n
1
0
v
0
0
2
2
0
c
v
1
m
-
2
mv
2
2
c
MeV
2
c
MeV
2
c
MeV
X
A
Z
X
A
Z
•Y•
0
Dp!%6'!p!Y!•s•
0
!Y!QGsG
0
S$
2
!Y !
Δm=! m
0!
s!m
X!
Y! !
2
0
2
2
2
0
2
2
0
cm1
c
v
1
1
cm
vc
v
1
m
÷
÷
÷
÷
÷
ø
ö
ç
ç
ç
ç
ç
è
æ
-
-
=
÷
÷
÷
÷
÷
ø
ö
ç
ç
ç
ç
ç
è
æ
-
-
( )
[ ]
Xnp
mm.ZAm.Z --+
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
107
"!Zš),!"O\),!".m)!4j1!%01!)%@)!"#!)š),!"O\),!1¢6!26!4%.!1w),!%\9!$R$!)&$"5)!2.m),!"Â!1%#)%!G+1!%01!
)%@)!Q%6'!)š),!"O\),!1%&!=#3!*(!9%R!=³!%01!)%@)!1%#)%!$R$!)&$"3)!2.m),!2“S!!
! ! ! ! (3)!!
!
"
!Năng#lượng#liên#kết#riêng:!"#!)š),!"O\),!".m)!4j1!1?)%!A^)%!<&@)!$%3!–!)&$"5)!$-!123),!%01!)%@)C!
Q4%5),!<&R!•7•Œu_d)&$"5)SC!!
! ! ! ! ! ! (4)!!
Zš),!"O\),!".m)!4j1!2.m),!$#),!"/)!1%^!%01!)%@)!$#),!A:)!=I),C!!
€R$!%01!$-!H[!4%[.!12&),!A^)%!1™!50#đến#95''
III.''PHẢN'ỨNG'HẠT'NHÂN:''
1.#Định#nghĩaT!Phản!ứng!hạt!nhân!là!quá!trình!biến!đổi!của!các!hạt!nhân7!1%OK),!$%.6!"#G!c!"30.T!
! D!o%J)!˜),!%01!)%@)!1V!9%R1!! Q=?!F…T!phóng!xạ!SC!! !!
! D!o%J)!˜),!%01!)%@)!4?$%!1%?$%!! Q=?!F…T!phản!ứng!phân!hạch,!phản!ứng!nhiệt!hạch!SC!!
2.#Các#định#luật#bảo#toàn#trong#phản#ứng#hạt#nhân:''
!D!lJ3!13#)!*.W)!1?$%!! !! !D!lJ3!13#)!H[!)&$"3)!QAJ313#)!H[!h!SC!!
!D!lJ3!13#)!)š),!"O\),!13#)!9%;)C!! !D!lJ3!13#)!*+),!"O\),C!!
¶!Lưu#ý:!123),!9%J)!˜),!%01!)%@)!không'có!AJ3!13#)!4%[.!"O\),7!AJ3!13#)!*+),!)š),7!AJ3!13#)!H[!
)v123)!!
3.#Năng#lượng#của#phản#ứng#hạt#nhân#'
!! Gọi:!
!! !+!M
0
!=!m
A
!+!m
B
!là!tổng!khối!lượng!nghỉ!của!các!hạt!nhân!trước!phản!ứng.!
!! +!M!=!m
C
!+!m
D!!
là!tổng!khối!lượng!nghỉ!của!các!hạt!nhân!sau!phản!ứng.!!
!! +! !
!
tổng!độ!hụt!khối!của!các!hạt!trước!phản!ứng!!
!! + !
!
ổng!độ!hụt!khối!của!các!hạt!sau!phản!ứng!!
-!Ta!có!năng!lượng!của!phản!ứng!được!xác!định:!!
Wpư!=!ΔE=(M0-M).c2!= !
! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Y!
!
!!
! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Y! !
!+!nếu!M
0
!>!M!hoặc!! !
PƯ!
YΔ•!>!0:!phản!ứng!toả!nhiệt.!!
!+!nếu!M
0
!<!M!
P.Ư!
YΔ•!<!0:!phản!ứng!thu!nhiệt.!!
'CHÚ'Ý:''
! ▪!Phóng!xạ!;!phản!ứng!phân!hạch;!phản!ứng!nhiệt!hạch!luôn!là!phản!ứng!tỏa!năng!lượng.!!
! ▪!Nhiệt!tỏa!ra!hoặc!thu!vào!dưới!dạng!động!năng!của!các!hạt!A,B!hoặc!C,!D.##
# ▪#Chỉ!cần!tính!kết!quả!trong!ngoặc!rồi!nhân!với!931MeV.!
! ▪!Phản!ứng!tỏa!nhiệt! !Tổng!khối!lượng!các!hạt!tương!tác!>!Tổng!khối!lượng!các!hạt!tạo!thành.!!
B.'TRẮC'NGHIỆM:''
Câu 1. €R$!%01!$L&!1%#)%!%01!)%@)!),&'m)!1Š!*O\$!".m)!4j1!=/.!)%6&!AB),!!
' A.'EV$!%›1!1—)%!*.W)!! !! B.'EV$!%L9!F¹)!! !!
!' C.'EV$!È!AJ)!$%L1!"V$!1—)%!*.W)!=#!"V$!%L9!F¹)!! D.'EV$!),&'m)!1Š!!
Câu 2. !€%†)!$@&!*›),!*[.!=/.!%01!)%@)!),&'m)!1Š!!
' A.'p%[.!"O\),!%01!)%@)!guG!)%O!4%[.!"O\),!),&'m)!1Š!!
' B.'lR)!4?)%!%01!)%@)!guG!)%O!AR)!4?)%!),&'m)!1Š!!
!' C.'a01!)%@)!),&'m)!1Š!,ˆG!$R$!%01!92313)!=#!u"u$123)!!
( )
[ ]
A
mm.ZAm.Z
A
W
Xnp
lk
--+
÷
ø
ö
ç
è
æ
nuclon
MeV
Þ
Þ
( )
BA0
mmM D+D=D
å
( )
DC0
mmM D+D=D
å
( ) ( )
[ ]
2
DCBA
cmmmm +-+
( ) ( )
[ ]
2
BADC
cmmmm D+D-D+D
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
BLKALKDLKCLK
WWWW +-+
( )
åå
ÛD<D mM
0
Û
( )
åå
ÛD>D mM
0
Û
W
lk
!YΔm.c
2
=! .c
2
!
( )
[ ]
Xnp
mm.ZAm.Z --+
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
108
' D.'EV$!1—)%!*.W)!".m)!4j1!$R$!)&$"u3)!123),!%01!)%@)!
Câu 3. !EV$!%01!)%@)!$%•!$-!1R$!F…),!4%.!4%3J),!$R$%!,.I6!%6.!)&$"5)!!
' A.'AB),!4?$%!1%O/$!),&'m)!1ŠC!!
! B.'"/)!%v)!4?$%!1%O/$!),&'m)!1ŠC!!
!' C.'2L1!)%¢!Q4%3J),!=#.!GGSC!!
! D.'AB),!%38$!)%¢!%v)!4?$%!1%O/$!$]6!%01!)%@)C!!
Câu 4. !zˆ),!=>!"#!$R$!),&'m)!1Š!G#!%01!)%@)!$-!$t),!H[!!
' A.'92515)!)%O),!H[!)v123)!4%R$!)%6&C!! B.')v125)!)%O),!4%R$!)%6&!H[!4%[.C!!
!' C.')v125)!)%O),!H[!92515)!4%R$!)%6&!! D.')&$"5)!)%O),!4%R$!4%[.!"O\),C!!
Câu 5. €%†)!$@&!z›),CX%u3!1%&'j1!1Ov),!*[.7!4%[.!"O\),!1Ov),!*[.!1?)%!$]6!G+1!=M1!=#!4%[.!"O\),!
),%•!G
0
!".m)!%W!=/.!)%6&!1%u3!%W!1%˜$T!!
! A.'m
o!
Y!G ! B.'m!Y!m
0
! C.'m
o!
Y!G ! D.'m!Y!m
0
!!
Câu 6. Œ+1!=M1!$-!4%[.!"O\),!),%•!G
0
!$%&'()!*+),!=/.!1[$!*+!=!H“!$-!*+),!)š),!AB),!
' A.'p!Y!G
0
$
2
! B.'p!Y ' '
' C.'pY!!G
0
=
2
!' ' D.'K!=!G
0
!
Câu 7. !€%†)!9%R1!A.(&!saiC!!
! A.'Œ+1!=M1!$-!4%[.!"O\),!G!H“!$-!)š),!"O\),!13#)!9%;)!•!1•!"W!=/.!GC!!
! B.'Œ+1!=M1!$-!4%[.!"O\),!G!=#!*˜),!'m)!H“!4%5),!$-!)š),!"O\),!),%•C!!
! C.'p%.!G+1!=M1!$%&'()!*+),7!)š),!"O\),!13#)!9%;)!AB),!1w),!)š),!"O\),!),%•!=#!*+),!)š),!$]6!
=M1C!!
' D.'p%.!G+1!=M1!$%&'()!*+),7!*+),!)š),!$]6!=M1!$-!,.R!12>!AB),!Qm-m
0
S$
2
!!
Câu 8. !€%†)!$@&!*›),!!
' A.'X23),!.3)!*v)!),&'m)!1Š!H[!92313)!AB),!H[!u"u$123)!!
' B.'X23),!%01!)%@)!),&'m)!1Š!H[!92313)!9%J.!AB),!H[!)v123)!!
!' C.'EV$!%01!)%@)!$-!AR)!4?)%!1R$!F…),!AB),!AR)!4?)%!),&'m)!1Š!!
' D.'X23),!%01!)%@)!),&'m)!1Š!H[!92313)!AB),!%38$!4%R$!H[!)v123)!!
Câu 9. zv)!=>!4%[.!"O\),!),&'m)!1Š!"#T!!
' A.'p%[.!"O\),!$]6!G+1!),&'m)!1Š!%'F23!! !
! B.'–d–c!p%[.!"O\),!$]6!G+1!),&'m)!1Š!$6$A3)–c!''
' C.'p%[.!"O\),!$]6!G+1!),&'m)!1Š!€6$A3)!!
! D.'p%[.!"O\),!$]6!G+1!)&$"u3)!!
Câu 10. !X^G!$@&!9%R1!A.(&!H6.!=:!*+!%…1!4%[.!T!!
! A.'z+!$%m)%!"W$%!,.I6!4%[.!"O\),!G!$]6!%01!)%@)!=#!1w),!4%[.!"O\),!G
0
!$]6!$R$!)&$"5)!$L&!103!
)m)!%01!)%@)!,†.!"#!*+!%…1!4%[.C!!
! B.'p%[.!"O\),!$]6!G+1!%01!)%@)!"&5)!)%¢!%v)!1w),!4%[.!"O\),!$]6!$R$!)&$"3)!103!1%#)%!%01!)%@)!
*-C!!
! C.'z+!%…1!4%[.!$]6!G+1!%01!)%@)!"&5)!4%R$!4%5),!C!!
2
1
2
2
c
v
1
-
÷
÷
ø
ö
ç
ç
è
æ
-
1
2
2
c
v
1
-
÷
÷
ø
ö
ç
ç
è
æ
-
2
1
2
2
c
v
1
-
÷
÷
ø
ö
ç
ç
è
æ
-
÷
÷
ø
ö
ç
ç
è
æ
-
2
2
c
v
1
÷
÷
÷
÷
÷
ø
ö
ç
ç
ç
ç
ç
è
æ
-
-
1
c
v
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
0
c
v
1
cm
-
÷
÷
÷
÷
÷
ø
ö
ç
ç
ç
ç
ç
è
æ
-
-
1
c
v
1
1
2
2
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
109
! D.'p%[.!"O\),!$]6!G+1!%01!)%@)!"&5)!"/)!%v)!1w),!4%[.!"O\),!$]6!$R$!)&$"3)!103!1%#)%!%01!)%@)!
*-C!!
Câu 11. !o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!4%5),!*›),!4%.!)-.!=:!$L&!103!$]6!%01!)%@)!),&'m)!1Š!¡!!
' A.'o2515)!123),!%01!)%@)!G6),!*.W)!1?$%!Du!! !
! B.'Zv123)!123),!%01!)%@)!G6),!*.W)!1?$%!su!!
! C.'Xw),!H[!$R$!92515)!=#!)v123)!,†.!"#!H[!4%[.!! !!
! D.'œ[!92515)!123),!%01!)%@)!*›),!AB),!H[!u"u$123)!123),!),&'m)!1Š!!
Câu 12. !o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!H6.C!EV$!%01!)%@)!!
! A.'"#!"30.!"V$!G0)%!)%L1!123),!$R$!"30.!"V$!*ž!A.j1!%.W)!)6'C!!
! B.'$%•!9%R1!%&'!1R$!F…),!123),!9%0G!=.!4?$%!1%O/$!%01!)%@)C!!
C.'"#!"V$!%›1!2L1!G0)%!)m)!$-!$t),!AJ)!$%L1!=/.!"V$!%L9!F¹)!)%O),!4%R$!AJ)!$%L1!=/.!"V$!1—)%!*.W)C!! !!
! D.'4%5),!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!*.W)!1?$%C!!
Câu 13. !€%†)!$@&!H6.!4%.!)-.!=:!%01!)%@)!),&'m)!1Š¡!!
! A.'p?$%!1%O/$!%01!)%@)!2L1!)%¢!H3!=/.!4?$%!1%O/$!),&'m)!1Š7!)%¢!%v)!1™!–n
4
!*j)!–n
5
!";)!!
! B.'p%[.!"O\),!),&'m)!1Š!1M9!12&),!13#)!A+!10.!)%@)!=^!4%[.!u"u$123)!2L1!)%¢!H3!=/.!4%[.!"O\),!%01!
)%@)C!!
! C.'z.W)!1?$%!%01!)%@)!1•!"W!=/.!H[!92515)C!!
! D.'p%[.!"O\),!$]6!G+1!%01!)%@)!"&5)!AB),!1w),!4%[.!"O\),!$R$!)&$"5)!103!%#)%!%01!)%@)!*-C!!
Câu 14. !o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!*›),¡!!
! A.'Zš),!"O\),!".m)!4j1!"#!13#)!A+!)š),!"O\),!$]6!),&'m)!1Š!,ˆG!*+),!)š),!=#!)š),!"O\),!),%•C!!
! B.'Zš),!"O\),!".m)!4j1!"#!)š),!"O\),!1[.!1%.(&!*(!9%R!=³!%01!)%@)!1%#)%!$R$!$R$!)&$"3)!2.m),!A.W1C!!
! C.'Zš),!"O\),!".m)!4j1!"#!)š),!"O\),!13#)!9%;)!$]6!),&'m)!1Š!1?)%!12&),!A^)%!12m)!H[!)&$"3)C!!
! D.'Zš),!"O\),!".m)!4j1!"#!)š),!"O\),!".m)!4j1!$R$!u"u$123)!=#!%01!)%@)!),&'m)!1ŠC!!
Câu 15. !Zš),!"O\),!".m)!4j1!2.m),!!
' A.',.[),!)%6&!=/.!G†.!%01!)%@)C!! B.'"/)!)%L1!=/.!$R$!%01!)%@)!)%²C!!
!' C.'"/)!)%L1!=/.!$R$!%01!)%@)!12&),!A^)%C!! D.'"/)!)%L1!=/.!$R$!%01!)%@)!)8),C!!
Câu 16. !X^G!9%R1!A.(&!H6.!=:!*+!%…1!4%[.!¡!!
' A.'z+!$%m)%!"W$%!,.I6!4%[.!"O\),!G!$]6!%01!)%@)!=#!1w),!4%[.!"O\),!G
0
!$]6!$R$!)&$"5)!$L&!103!
)m)!%01!)%@)!,†.!"#!*+!%…1!4%[.C!!
' B.'p%[.!"O\),!$]6!G+1!%01!)%@)!"&5)!)%¢!%v)!1w),!4%[.!"O\),!$]6!$R$!)&$"5)!$L&!103!1%#)%!%01!
)%@)!*-C!!
! C.'z+!%…1!4%[.!$]6!G+1!%01!)%@)!"&5)!4%R$!4%5),C!!
! D.'p%[.!"O\),!$]6!G+1!%01!)%@)!"&5)!"/)!%v)!1w),!4%[.!"O\),!$]6!$R$!)&$"5)!$L&!103!1%#)%!%01!
)%@)!*-C!!
Câu 17. !•.J!HŠ!%6.!%01!)%@)!’!=#!Ø!$-!*+!%…1!4%[.!AB),!)%6&!=#!H[!)&$"5)!$]6!%01!)%@)!’!"/)!%v)!H[!
)&$"5)!$]6!%01!)%@)!Ø!1%^!!
' A.'%01!)%@)!Ø!A:)!=I),!%v)!%01!)%@)!’C!! !
! B.'%01!)%@)!’!A:)!=I),!%v)!%01!)%@)!ØC!!
! C.')š),!"O\),!".m)!4j1!2.m),!$]6!%6.!%01!)%@)!AB),!)%6&C!!
! D.')š),!"O\),!".m)!4j1!$]6!%01!)%@)!’!"/)!%v)!)š),!"O\),!".m)!4j1!$]6!%01!)%@)!Ø!!
Câu 18. !o%J)!˜),!%01!)%@)!"#T!!
! A.'œV!9%@)!2ž!$]6!%01!)%@)!)8),!*(!A.j)!*w.!1%#)%!%01!)%@)!)%²!A:)!%v)!!
! B.'œV!1Ov),!1R$!,.I6!c!%01!)%@)!F¹)!*j)!HV!A.j)!*w.!$]6!$%›),!1%#)%!$R$!%01!4%R$!!
! C.'œV!A.j)!*w.!%01!)%@)!$-!4ÊG!1%u3!HV!1¢6!)%.W1C!!
' D.'œV!4j1!%\9!c!%01!)%@)!)%²!1%#)%!–!%01!)%@)!)š),!!
Câu 19. !€R$!9%J)!˜),!%01!)%@)!không!1&@)!1%u3!!
' A.'z>)%!"&M1!AJ3!13#)!*.W)!1?$%!! B.'z>)%!"&M1!AJ3!13#)!)š),!"O\),C!' '
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
110
' C.'z>)%!"&M1!AJ3!13#)!*+),!"O\),!! D.'z>)%!"&M1!AJ3!13#)!H[!92313)!!
Câu 20. !a01!)%@)!$-!)š),!"O\),!".m)!4j1!2.m),!$#),!"/)!1%^T!!
' A.'$#),!F”!9%R!=³!! ! B.'$#),!A:)!=I),!!!
' C.')š),!"O\),!".m)!4j1!)%¢!! D.'p%[.!"O\),!%01!)%@)!$#),!"/)!!
Câu 21. !o%J)!˜),!%01!)%@)!)%@)!103!không!có!$R$!*8$!*.(G!)#3!H6&!*@'T!!
' A.'13J!)š),!"O\),C!! ! B.'103!26!$%L1!9%-),!g0C!!
! C.'1%&!)š),!"O\),C! !' D.')š),!"O\),!),%—!*O\$!AJ3!13#)!!
Câu 22. !QXZcn–•S!€%3!9%J)!˜),!%01!)%@)! )D Ì ! œ2!D!’!Dc )C!a01!)%@)!’!$-!$L&!103!,ˆGT!!
' A.'Ÿ•!92515)!=#!•¥!)v123)C!' B.'Ÿ•!92515)!=#!–•n!)v123)C!! !!
!' C.'•¥!92515)!=#!–•n!)v123)C!! D.'•¥!92513)!=#!Ÿ•!)v123)C!!
Câu 23. !QXZcn–•S!p%.!H3!HR)%!%01!)%@)!
12
6
€!=#!%01!)%@)!
14
6
€7!9%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!*›),¡!
' A.'œ[!)&$"5)!$]6!%01!)%@)
12
6
€!AB),!H[!)&$"5)!$]6!%01!)%@)! €C!!
! B.'z.W)!1?$%!$]6!%01!)%@)
12
6
€!)%¢!%v)!*.W)!1?$%!$]6!%01!)%@)! €C!!
! C.'œ[!92515)!$]6!%01!)%@)
12
6
€!"/)!%v)!H[!92515)!$]6!%01!)%@)! €C!!
! D.'œ[!)v123)!$]6!%01!)%@)
12
6
€!)%¢!%v)!H[!)v123)!$]6!%01!)%@)! €C!!
Câu 24. !QXZcn–•S!X23),!9%J)!˜),!%01!)%@)T! H!D!’!Ï! Na!D!¯7!%01!)%@)!’!$-T!!!!
' A.'–c!92515)!=#!–Ž!)v!125)C!! !B.'cŸ!92515)!=#!–c!)v!125)C!! !!
!' C.'–c!92515)!=#!cŸ!)v!125)C!! D.'–Ž!92515)!=#!–c!)v!125)C!!
Câu 25. !Q€zcn––S!Œ+1!%01!)%@)!$]6!$%L1!9%-),!g0!h!*6),!*˜),!'m)!1%^!9%@)!2ž!103!26!%6.!%01!l!!
_#!€C'•†.!G
A
7!G
B
7!G
C
!";)!"O\1!"#!4%[.!"O\),!),%•!$]6!$R$!%01!h7!l7!€!=#!$!"#!1[$!*+!R)%!HR),!123),!$%@)!
4%5),C!{&R!12^)%!9%-),!g0!)#'!1¢6!26!)š),!"O\),!{C!l.(&!1%˜$!)#3!H6&!*@'!*›),¡!
˜),!%01!)%@)T!’D ‰ auD kC!a01!’!"#!Câu 26. €%3! 9%J)!
! A.'6)9%6C! B.')v123)C! C.'đv1u2.! D.'92315)C!
Câu 27. !Q€zcn–ŽS!a01!)%@)!$-!*+!%…1!4%[.!$#),!"/)!1%^!!
' A.'Zš),!"O\),!".m)!4j1!2.m),!$#),!)%¢C!! B.'Zš),!"O\),!".m)!4j1!$#),!"/)C!!
!' C.'Zš),!"O\),!".m)!4j1!$#),!)%¢C!! D.'Zš),!"O\),!".m)!4j1!2.m),!$#),!"/)C!!
Câu 28. !!Qzacnn®S!o%R1!A.(&!)#3!"#!H6.¡!!
! A.'€R$!*ˆ),!=>!9%-),!g0!*:&!4%5),!A:)C!!
! B.'€R$!),&'m)!1Š!G#!%01!)%@)!$-!$t),!H[!92515)!)%O),!$-!H[!)v125)!Q)v123)S!4%R$!)%6&!,†.!"#!
*ˆ),!=>C!!
! C.'€R$!*ˆ),!=>!$]6!$t),!G+1!),&'m)!1[!$-!H[!)v125)!4%R$!)%6&!)m)!1?)%!$%L1!%-6!%†$!4%R$!)%6&C!!
! D.'€R$!*ˆ),!=>!$]6!$t),!G+1!),&'m)!1[!$-!$t),!=>!12?!123),!AJ),!%W!1%[),!1&;)!%3#)C!!
Câu 29. !Qzacn–nS!€%3!A6!%01!)%@)!’7!Ø!=#!Á!$-!H[!)&$"5)!1Ov),!˜),!"#!h
X
7!h
Y
7!h
Z
!=/.!h
X
!Y!ch
Y
!Y!n7Ÿh
Z
C!
l.j1!)š),!"O\),!".m)!4j1!$]6!1™),!%01!)%@)!1Ov),!˜),!"#!°•
X
7!°•
Y
7!°•
Z
!=/.!°•
Z
ƒ°•
X
ƒ°•
Y
C!œU9!gj9!$R$!
%01!)%@)!)#'!1%u3!1%˜!1V!1?)%!A:)!=I),!,.JG!F;)!"#!!
! A.'Ø7!’7!ÁC!! B.'Ø7!Á7!’C!' C.'’7!Ø7!ÁC!! D.'Á7!’7!ØC!!
Câu 30. !Q€zcn–•S!Zš),!"O\),!".m)!4j1!2.m),!$]6!G+1!%01!)%@)!*O\$!1?)%!AB),!
' A.'1?$%!$]6!)š),!"O\),!".m)!4j1!$]6!%01!)%@)!=/.!H[!)&$"5)!$]6!%01!)%@)!L'C!!
! B.'1?$%!$]6!*+!%…1!4%[.!$]6!%01!)%@)!=/.!A^)%!9%Ov),!1[$!*+!R)%!HR),!123),!$%@)!4%5),C!!
! C.'1%Ov),!H[!$]6!4%[.!"O\),!%01!)%@)!=/.!A^)%!9%Ov),!1[$!*+!R)%!HR),!123),!$%@)!4%5),C!!
! D.'1%Ov),!H[!$]6!)š),!"O\),!".m)!4j1!$]6!%01!)%@)!=/.!H[!)&$"5)!$]6!%01!)%@)!L'C!!
Câu 31. !Qzacn–•S!X23),!9%J)!˜),!%01!)%@)!4%5),!$-!HV!AJ3!13#)!!
' A.')š),!"O\),!13#)!9%;)C!' B.'H[!)&$"5)C!!
' C.'*+),!"O\),C!! ' D.'H[!)v123)C!!
Câu 32. !Qzacn–•S!œ[!)&$"5)!$]6!%01!)%@)! X%!)%.:&!%v)!H[!)&$"5)!$]6!%01!)%@)
!
o3!"#!!
1
0
23 5
92
®
94
38
1
0
14
6
14
6
14
6
14
6
1
1
22
11
19
9
®
4
2
16
8
23 0
90
21 0
84
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
111
' A.'¥!! B.'–c¥!! C.'cn!! D.'–•!!
Câu 33. !!p%.!)-.!=:!9%J)!˜),!%01!)%@)7!9%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!*›),¡!!
! A.'Xw),!*+),!)š),!$]6!$R$!%01!12O/$!=#!H6&!9%J)!˜),!%01!)%@)!"&5)!*O\$!AJ3!13#)C!!
! B.'Zš),!"O\),!13#)!9%;)!123),!9%J)!˜),!%01!)%@)!"&5)!*O\$!AJ3!13#)C!!
! C.'Xw),!4%[.!"O\),!),%•!$]6!$R$!%01!12O/$!=#!H6&!9%J)!˜),!%01!)%@)!"&5)!*O\$!AJ3!13#)C!!
! D.'XL1!$J!$R$!9%J)!˜),!%01!)%@)!*:&!1%&!)š),!"O\),C!!
Câu 34. !a01!)%@)! X!=#!%01!)%@)! Y!$-!*+!%…1!4%[.!";)!"O\1!"#!°G
1
!=#!°G
2
C!l.j1!%01!)%@)! X!A:)!
=I),!%v)!%01!)%@)! YC!aW!1%˜$!*›),!"#!!
' A.' C!! B.'h
1
!„!h
2
C!! C.' C!! D.'°G
1
!„!°G
2
C!!
Câu 35. !€%†)!$@&!H6.!4%.!)-.!=:!9%J)!˜),!%01!)%@)!1¢6!)š),!"O\),!T!!
! A.'1w),!4%[.!"O\),!$R$!%01!12O/$!9%J)!˜),!"/)!%v)!1w),!4%[.!"O\),!$R$!%01!H6&!9%J)!˜),!!
! B.'Zš),!"O\),!1¢6!26!FO/.!F0),!*+),!)š),!$]6!$R$!%01!103!1%#)%C!!
! C.'1w),!*+!%…1!4%[.!$]6!$R$!%01!12O/$!9%J)!˜),!"/)!%v)!1w),!*+!%…1!4%[.!$R$!%01!H6&!9%J)!˜),C!!
! D.'€R$!%01!103!1%#)%!A:)!=I),!%v)!$R$!%01!1Ov),!1R$!!
Câu 36. !Qzacn–•S!X23),!$R$!%01!)%@)!),&'m)!1ŠT! Hei! Fei! U!=#! Th7!%01!)%@)!A:)!=I),!)%L1!"#!!
' A.' HeC!! B.' Th!C!! C.' FeC!! D.' UC!!
!!
BẢNG'TRA'ĐÁP'ÁN'CHỦ'ĐỀ'1-CHƯƠNG'7'
1C''
2A''
3D''
4A''
5C''
6A''
7B''
8D''
9B''
10D''
11B''
12C''
13D''
14B''
15C''
16D''
17A''
18B''
19D''
20B''
21D''
22B''
23D''
24A''
25A''
26D''
27B''
28C''
29A''
30D''
31D''
32C''
33B''
34A''
35C''
36C''
''
''
''
''
''
''
''
''
''
!!
CHỦ'ĐỀ'2:'SỰ'PHÓNG'XẠ'+'PHẢN'ỨNG'PHÂN'HẠCH'+'PHẢN'ỨNG'NHIỆT'HẠCH''
!!
A.'LÝ'THUYẾT:''
' I.##SỰ#PHÓNG#XẠ:#'
1.#Khái#niệm:!"#!"30.!9%J)!˜),!%01!)%@)!1V!9%R1!%6'!"#!%.W)!1O\),!%01!)%@)!4%5),!
A:)!=I),!1V! 9%R1!9%@)!2ž7! 9%-),!26! $R$!A˜$!g0! ,†.!"#! 1.6!9%-),!g0! =#!A.j)!*w.!
1%#)%!%01!)%@)!4%R$C'{&R!12^)%!9%@)!2ž!9%-),!g0!$%?)%!"#!<&R!12^)%!F¹)!*j)!HV!
A.j)!*w.!%01!)%@)C!!
'CHÚ#Ý:''
D!X.6!9%-),!g0!4%5),!)%^)!1%L'!)%O),!$-!)%I),!1R$!F…),!"´!%3R!)%O!.3)!%3R!G5.!
12OK),7!"#G!*u)!4?)%!J)%7!,@'!26!$R$!9%J)!˜),!%3R!%†$C!!
D!o%-),!g0!"#!9%J)!˜),!%01!)%@)!1¢6!)š),!"O\),C!!
D!{&'!O/$!,†.!%01!)%@)!1V!9%@)!%]'!,†.!"#!%01!)%@)!G²7!%01!)%@)!*O\$!103!1%#)%!
H6&!4%.!9%@)!%]'!,†.!"#!%01!)%@)!$3)C!!
D!a.W)!1O\),!9%-),! g0!%3#)!13#)! F3!$R$!),&'m)!)%@)!Am)!123),!%01! )%@)!,@'!
26C4%5),!%:!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!$R$!'j&!1[!"´!%3R!Am)!),3#.!Q),&'m)!1Š!9%-),!g0!)BG!123),!$R$!%\9!$%L1!
4%R$!)%6&!$-!)%.W1!*+7!R9!H&L1!4%R$!)%6&!*:&!gJ'!26!9%-),!g0!)%O!)%6&!*[.!=/.!$t),!"30.SC!!
2.'Phương'trình'phóng'xạ:''''
!
Trong'đó:''
D! X!"#!%01!)%@)!G²i! Y!!"#!%01!)%@)!$3)i! Z!"#!1.6!9%-),!g0!!
3.#Các#loại#phóng#xạ:''
1
1
A
Z
2
2
A
Z
1
1
A
Z
2
2
A
Z
2
2
1
1
A
m
A
m D
>
D
1
1
2
2
A
m
A
m D
>
D
4
2
56
26
23 8
92
23 0
90
4
2
23 0
90
56
26
23 8
92
1
1
A
Z
2
2
A
Z
3
3
A
Z
!
ZYX
3
3
2
2
1
1
A
Z
A
Z
A
Z
+®
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
112
!!
Tên'gọi'
Phóng'xạ'Alpha'(α)'
Phóng'Bêta:'có'2'loại'là'β
-
'
và'β
+
'
Phóng'Gamma'(γ).'
Bản'chất'
E#!Ff),!%01!)%@)!am".!
Q HeS!
β
-
!T!"#!Ff),!u"u$123)Q e)!
β
+
T!"#!Ff),!95b.123)Q eS!
E#!H-),!*.W)!1™!$-!λ!2L1!
),U)!Qλ¸–n
-11
GS7!$P),!
"#!Ff),!9%515)!$-!)š),!
"O\),!$63C!
Phương'trình'
!
§›1!,†)T! !
_F
:!
!
§›1!,†)!
!
β
-
T! !
_?!F…T! !
β
+
T! !
_?!F…T! !
!
œ6&!9%-),!g0!¯!%38$!β!
gJ'!26!<&R!12^)%!$%&'()!
1™!120),!1%R.!4?$%!1%?$%!
=:!120),!1%R.!$v!AJ)!
9%R1!26!9%5!15)C!
Tốc'độ'
=!≈!cC–n®!GdH!
=!≈!ŽC–n
8
!GdH!
=Y!$!Y!ŽC–n
8
!GdH!
Khả'năng'Ion'hóa'
Œ0)%!
Œ0)%!)%O),!'j&!%v)!1.6!¯!
Øj&!%v)!1.6!¯!=#!β!
Khả'năng'đâm'xuyên'
D!z.!*O\$!=#.!$G!123),!
4%5),!4%?!Qœ
max
!Y!•$GSi!
=#.!μG!123),!=M1!2U)!Qœ
max!
Y!–GGS!
D!œ
max
!Y!=#.!G!123),!4%5),!
4%?C!
D!’&'m)!<&6!4.G!"30.!F#'!=#.!
GGC!
D!z@G!g&'m)!G0)%!%v)!
1.6!¯!=#!βC!€-!1%(!g&'m)!
<&6!=#.!G!Ams15),!%38$!
=#.!$G!$%^C!
!
Trong'điện'trường'
EW$%!
EW$%!)%.:&!%v)!1.6!6"9%6!
p%5),!A>!"W$%!
Chú'ý'
X23),!$%&w.!9%-),!g0!
¯1%OK),!4ÊG!1%u3!9%-),!
g0!β!)%O),!4%5),!1ˆ)!10.!
*ˆ),!1%K.!%6.!"30.!βC!
€f)!$-!HV!1ˆ)!10.!$]6!%6.!"30.!
%01!!
!
)v12.)5C!
9%J)!
)v12.)5!
p%5),!"#G!1%6'!*w.!%01!
)%@)C!
!
!!
4.'Định'luật'phóng'xạ:''
a)#Đặc#tính#của#quá#trình#phóng#xạ:!!
s!€-!AJ)!$%L1!"#!G+1!<&R!12^)%!A.j)!*w.!%01!)%@)!!
s!€-!1?)%!1V!9%R1!=#!4%5),!*.:&!4%.()!*O\$7!4%5),!$%>&!$R$!1R$!*+),!$]6!
Am)!),3#.C!!
s!E#!G+1!<&R!12^)%!),¹&!)%.m)7!1%K.!*.(G!9%@)!%]'!4%5),!gR$!*>)%!*O\$C!!
b)#Định#luật#phóng#xạ:#'
Chu'kì'bán'rã:!"6¾ !4%36Þ ),!1%v¾ !.!,.6)!*uÞ !–dc!H[!%6½ 1!)%@)!),&'m)!1OÞ !A.j)!
*w.!1%#)%!%6½ 1!)%@)!4%6ß $C!T!=! !λT!aB),!H[!9%-),!g0!Qs
-1
S!!
'Định'luật'phóng'xạ:!œ[!%01!)%6!)!Q4%3ß .!"Ov½ !),S!9%3ß ),!g0!,.JG!1%u3!<&.!"&M1!%#G!H[!GP!!
Ø!Từ!định!luật!phóng!xạ,ta!suy!ra!các!hệ!t hức!tương!ứng!sauT!•†.!Z
o
7!G
o
!"#!H[!),&'m)!1Š!=#!4%[.!"O\),!
A6)!*;&!$]6!$%L1!9%-),!g0i!Z7!G!"#!H[!),&'m)!1Š!=#!4%[.!"O\),!$%L1!L'!N!1%K.!*.(G!17!16!$-T!!
Số'hạt'(N)'
Khối'lượng'(m)'
4
2
0
1-
0
1-
HeYx
4
2
4A
2Z
A
Z
+®
-
-
Yx
4A
2Z
A
Z
-
-
a
®
HeRnRa
4
2
22 2
86
22 6
88
+®
HeRnRa
4
2
22 2
86
22 6
88
+®
eYx
0
1
A
1Z
A
Z -+
+®
eNC
0
1
14
7
14
6 -
+®
eYx
0
1
A
1Z
A
Z --
+®
eCN
0
1
12
6
14
7
+®
veYx
0
0
0
1
A
1Z
A
Z
++®
--
veYx
0
0
0
1
A
1Z
A
Z
++®
-+
Þ
l
=
l
693,02ln
Þ
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
113
!X23),!<&R!12^)%!9%@)!2ž7!số#hạt!
)%@)! 9%-),! g0! ,.JG! 1%u3! 1%K.!
,.6)!1&@)!1%u3!*>)%!"&M1!%#G!H[!
GPC!!
!X23),! <&R! 12^)%! 9%@)! 2ž7! khối#
lượng!%01! )%@)!9%-),! g0!,.JG!
1%u3! 1%K.! ,.6)! 1&@)! 1%u3! *>)%!
"&M1!%#G!H[!GPC!!
!
Z!Y! !
!!
!
GY! !
!!
"
! N
0
T! H[! %01! )%@)! 9%-),! g0! N!
1%K.!*.(G!A6)!*;&C!!
"
!N
(t)
T!H[!%01!)%@)!9%-),!g0!$f)!
"0.!H6&!1%K.!,.6)!tC!!
"
! m
0
T! 4%[.! "O\),! 9%-),! g0! N!
1%K.!*.(G!A6)!*;&C!!
"
!m
(t)
T!4%[.!"O\),!9%-),!g0!$f)!
"0.!H6&!1%K.!,.6)!tC!!
! "!X23),!*-T!gọi!là!hằng!số!phóng!xạ!đặc!trưng!cho!từng!loại!chất!phóng!xạ!!
5.'Phóng'xạ'nhân'tạo'(ỨNG#DỤNG)T),OK.!16!1%OK),!Ft),!$R$!%01!)%¢!Q1%OK),!"#!)v123)S!AU)!=#3!
$R$!%01!)%@)!*(!103!26!$R$!%01!)%@)!9%-),!g0!$]6!$R$!),&'m)!1[!A^)%!1%OK),C!œv!*ˆ!9%J)!˜),!1%5),!
1%OK),!"#! !
! ! !"#!*ˆ),!=>!9%-),!g0!$]6! C! !*O\$!12+)!=#3! !=/.!G+1!1•!"W!)%L1!*>)%C! !9%R1!26!1.6!
9%-),!g07!*O\$!Ft),!"#G!),&'m)!1Š!*R)%!FL&7,.›9!$3)!),OK.!4%J3!HR1!HV!=M)!$%&'()7!9%@)!A[7!1ˆ)!
10.!$]6!),&'m)!1Š!’C!o%Ov),!9%R9!),&'m)!1Š!*R)%!FL&!*O\$!Ft),!)%.:&!123),!'!%†$7!H.)%!%†$7CCC!!
! *O\$!Ft),!*(!*>)%!1&w.!$R$!1%V$!=M1!*ž!$%j1!7!)m)!),OK.!16!1%OK),!)-.! !"#!*ˆ),!%ˆ!$]6!12R.!
*L1C!!
II.## PHẢN'ỨNG'PHÂN'HẠCH''
1.#Phản#ứng#phân#hạch#'
! a)! Phản! ứng! phân!
hạch! "#! 9%J)! ˜),! 123),!
*-! G+1! %01! )%@)! )8),!
=và ! 1%6¾ )%! %6.! %01! )%6! )!
$3ß ! H3ß ! 4%3ß .! 12&),! Aá¾)%!
Q4ÊG! 1%u3! G+1! =#.!
)v123)!9%R1!26SC!!
! AS! Phản! ứng! phân!
hạch! kích! thíc hT! Œ&[)!
gJ'! 26! 9%J)! ˜),! 9%@)!
%0$%! =/.! %01! )%@)! ’7! 16!
9%J.!12&':)!$%3!)-! G+1!
)š),! "O\),! 1[.! 1%.(&!
Q,†.!"#! năng!lượng!kích!hoạtSi! o%Ov),! 9%R9! F”!
)%L1!"#!$%3!’!%L9!1%…!G+1!)v123)7!$%&'()!H6),!
trạng!thái!kích!thích!’
*
!4%5),!A:)!=I),!=#!gJ'!26!
9%@)!%0$%!!
! _?!F…!T! !!
2.#Năng#lượng#phân#hạch#'
! o%J)! ˜),! 9%@)! %0$%! "#! 9%J)! ˜),! 1¢6! )š),!
"O\),7! )š),! "O\),! *-! ,†.! "#! )š),! "O\),! 9%@)!
%0$%! Qphần! lớn! năng ! lượng! giải! phóng! trong!
phân!hạch!là!động!năng!các!mảnhS!!
t
0
T
t
0
e.N
2
N
l-
=
t
0
T
t
0
e.m
2
m
l-
=
XnX
1A
Z
1
0
A
Z
+
®+
X
1A
Z
+
X
A
Z
X
1A
Z
+
X
A
Z
X
1A
Z
+
C
14
6
C
14
6
eV200n2SrXeUn
1
0
95
38
13 9
54
23 5
92
1
0
+++®+
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
114
!! o%J)!˜),!9%@)!%0$%!F@'!$%&':)T!•.J!HŠ!G+1!";)!9%@)!%0$%!$-!4!)v123)!*O\$!,.J.!9%-),!*j)!4?$%!
1%?$%!$R$!%01!)%@)! 103!)m)!)%I),!9%@)!%0$%!G/.C!œ6&!)!"6¾ )!9%6!)!%0$%!".m)!1.j97!H[!)v123)!,.J.!
9%-),!"#!4
n
!=#!4?$%!1%?$%!4
n!
9%@)!%0$%!G/.C!!
! ▪!p%.!4!Ð!–!9%J)!˜),!F@'!$%&':)!1V!F&'!12^!!
! ▪!p%.!4!ƒ!–!9%J)!˜),!F@'!$%&':)!1U1!)%6)%!!
! _M'7!*(!9%J)!˜),!9%@)!%0$%!F@'!$%&':)!1V!F&'!12^!Q4!Ð!–S!1%^!khối!lượng!của!chất!phân!hạch!phải!
đạt!một!giá!trị!tối!thiểu!,†.!"#!khối!lượng!tới!hạnC!Q_?!F…!=/.!
235
Ì7!khối'lượng'tới'hạn!4%3J),!–Ÿ!4,!SC!!
3.'Phản#ứng#phân#hạch#có#điều#khiển.''
!! o%J)!˜),!9%@)!%0$%!F@'!$%&':)!$-!*.:&!4%.()!Q4!Y!–!S!*O\$!1%V$!%.W)!123),!$R$!"f!9%J)!˜),!%01!
)%@)C!Zš),!"O\),!1¢6!26!1™!"f!9%J)!˜),!4%5),!*w.!1%u3!1%K.!,.6)C!!
III.#PHẢN'ỨNG'NHIỆT'HẠCH''
1.#Cơ#chế#phản#ứng#nhiệt#hạch':''
a)#Phản #ứn g#nhiệt#hạch!"#!9%J)!˜),!123),!*-!c!%6'!)%.:&!%01!)%@)!nhẹ!1w),!%\9!"0.!1%#)%!G+1!%01!
)%@)!)8),!%v)C!!
b)#Điều#kiện#thực#hiệnT!*(!$-!9%J)!˜),!)%.W1!%0$%!gJ'!26T!
! ▪!Z%.W1!*+!$63!4%3J),!Ÿn!12.W&!*+!*j)–nn!12.W&!*+C!!
! ▪!ŒM1!*+!%01!)%@)!Q)S!123),!9"6HG6!9%J.!*]!"/)!
! ▪!!X%K.!,.6)! !F&'!12^!120),!1%R.!9"6HG6!N!)%.W1!*+!$63!–nn!12.W&!*+! !
2.#Năng#lượng#nhiệt'hạch:''
D!Phản!ứng!nhiệt!hạch!là!phản!ứng!toả!năng!lượngC!!
! D! Z,OK.! 16! <&6)! 1@G! *j)! $R$! 9%J)! ˜),! T! i! !
!
! D!X?)%!1%u3!G+1!9%J)!˜),!1%á¾!9%6Þ )!Oß ),!)%.W1!%0$%!13J!26!)š),!"O\),!áß1!
%v)!9%6Þ )!Oß !),!9%6!)!%0$%7!)%O),!1?)%!1%u3!4%[.!"O\),!)%.m)!".W&!1%^!9%J)!
˜),!)%.W1!%0$%!13J!26!)š),!"O\),!)%.:&!%v)!9%J)!˜),!9%@)!%0$%C!!
! D!Zš),!"O\),!)%.W1!%0$%!"#!),&ˆ)!,[$!)š),!"O\),!$]6!%;&!%j1!$R$!=^!H63!!
3.#Năng#lượng#nhiệt#hạch#trên#Trái#Đất':''
! D!Z,OK.!16!*ž!103!26!9%J)!˜),!)%.W1!%0$%!12m)!X2R.!zL1!4%.!1%Š!A3G!a!=#!
đang!nghiên!cứu!103!26!9%J)!˜),!)%.W1!%0$%!$-!*.:&!4%.()!4%5),!,@'!5!)%.
ễ
G!QH
ạ
$%!S!!
! D!Năng!lượng!nhiệt!hạch! tr ên!Trái!Đất!có!ưu!điểm:!không#gây#ô#nhiễm!(sạch)!và!nguyên#liệu#dồi#
dào!sẽ!là!nguồn!năng!lượng!của!thế!kỷ!21!!
!!
B.'TRẮC'NGHIỆM:''
Câu 1. o%-),!g0!"#!%.W)!1O\),!!
' A.'G+1!%01!)%@)!1V!*+),!9%R1!26!1.6!9%-),!g0!=#!A.j)!*w.!1%#)%!%01!)%@)!4%R$C!!
' B.'$R$!%01!)%@)!1V!*+),!4j1!%\9!=/.!)%6&!=#!103!1%#)%!%01!)%@)!4%R$C!!
' C.'G+1!%01!)%@)!4%.!%L9!1%&!G+1!)v125)!H“!A.j)!*w.!1%#)%!%01!)%@)!4%R$C!!
' D.'$R$!%01!)%@)!1V!*+),!9%-),!26!)%I),!%01!)%@)!)%¢!%v)!=#!A.j)!*w.!1%#)%!%01!)%@)!4%R$C!!
Câu 2. p%.!)-.!=:!1.6!¯7!9%R1!A.(&!)#3!FO/.!*@'!"#!*›),¡!!
' A.'X.6!¯!"#!Ff),!$R$!%01!),&'m)!1Š!am".C!!
' B.'X23),!$%@)!4%5),!1.6!¯!$-!=M)!1[$!AB),!ŽC–n
8
!GdHC!!
' C.'X.6!¯!"#!Ff),!$R$!%01!12&),!%f6!=:!*.W)!
! D.'X.6!¯!A>!"W$%!123),!*.W)!12OK),!=#!1™!12OK),!!
Câu 3. !X23),!9%-),!g0!¯!1%^!%01!)%@)!$3)T!!
' A.'Et.!c!5!123),!AJ),!9%@)!"30.!1&;)!%3#)!' B.'X.j)!c!5!123),!AJ),!9%@)!"30.!1&;)!%3#)!!
U
23 5
92
t
þ
ý
ü
î
í
ì
÷=t
3
1514
cm
s
)1010(.n
HeHH
4
2
2
1
2
1
®+
HeHH
4
2
3
1
1
1
®+
MeV6,17nHeHH
4
2
3
1
2
1
++®+
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
115
' C.'Et.!–!5!123),!AJ),!9%@)!"30.!1&;)!%3#)!' D.'X.j)!–!5!123),!AJ),!9%@)!"30.!1&;)!%3#)!!
Câu 4. X23),!9%-),!g0!β
-
!1%^!%01!)%@)!$3)T!!
! A.'Et.!c!5!123),!AJ),!9%@)!"30.!1&;)!%3#)!' B.'X.j)!c!5!123),!AJ),!9%@)!"30.!1&;)!%3#)!!
! C.'Et.!–!5!123),!AJ),!9%@)!"30.!1&;)!%3#)!' D.'X.j)!–!5!123),!AJ),!9%@)!"30.!1&;)!%3#)!!
Câu 5. p%.!G+1!%01!)%@)!),&'m)!1Š!9%-),!g0!";)!"O\1!G+1!1.6!¯!2ˆ.!G+1!1.6!â
-
!1%^!%01!)%@)!),&'m)!1Š!H“!
A.j)!*w.!)%O!1%j!)#3!!
! A.'œ[!4%[.!,.JG!•7!H[!92515)!,.JG!c!! B.'œ[!4%[.!,.JG!•7!H[!92515)!,.JG!–!!
!' C.'œ[!4%[.!,.JG!•7!H[!92515)!1š),!–!! D.'œ[!4%[.!,.JG!c7!H[!92515)!,.JG!–!!
Câu 6. €%†)!$@&!*›),C!X23),!9%-),!g0!γ!%01!)%@)!$3)T!
' A.'Et.!G+1!5!123),!AJ),!9%@)!"30.!1&;)!%3#)C!! !
' B.'p%5),!1%6'!*w.!=>!12?!123),!AJ),!1&;)!%3#)C!!
!' C.'X.j)!G+1!5!123),!AJ),!9%@)!"30.!1&;)!%3#)C!! !!
' D.'X.j)!%6.!5!123),!AJ),!9%@)!"30.!1&;)!%3#)C!!
Câu 7. €@&!)#3!H6&!*@'!H6.!4%.!)-.!=:!1.6!βT!!
! A.'€-!4%J!)š),!*@G!g&'m)!'j&!%v)!1.6!¯!! A.'l>!"W$%!123),!*.W)!12OK),!!
! C.'X.6!β
-
!$-!AJ)!$%L1!"#!Ff),!u"u$123)!! !!
Câu 8. {&R!12^)%!9%-),!g0!%01!)%@)!"#!<&R!12^)%!9%J)!˜),T!
' A.'1%&!)š),!"O\),!! ' B.'1¢6!)š),!"O\),C!!
' C.'4%5),!1%&7!4%5),!1¢6!)š),!"O\),!! D.'=™6!1%&7!=™6!1¢6!)š),!"O\),!!
Câu 9. €@&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!H6.!4%.!)-.!=:!HV!9%-),!g0C!!
' A.'Xw),!4%[.!"O\),!$]6!%01!)%@)!103!1%#)%!$-!4%[.!"O\),!"/)!%v)!4%[.!"O\),!%01!)%@)!G²C!!
' B'4%5),!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!$R$!1R$!*+),!Am)!),3#.C!!
' C.'%01!)%@)!$3)!A:)!%v)!%01!)%@)!G²C!! !
' D.'E#!9%J)!˜),!%01!)%@)!1V!gJ'!26C!!
Câu 10. !€%†)!$@&!H6.T!!
' A.'X.6!¯!A63!,ˆG!$R$!%01!)%@)!$]6!),&'m)!1Š!au".!!
' B.'p%.!*.!<&6!1…!*.W)7!1.6!¯!A>!"W$%!=:!9%?6!AJ)!$V$!@G!!
!' C.'X.6!,6GG6!"#!H-),!*.W)!1™!$-!)š),!"O\),!$63!!
' D.'X.6!â
-
!4%5),!F3!%01!)%@)!9%R1!26!=^!)-!G6),!*.W)!@G!
Câu 11. !€R$!1.6!4%5),!A>!"W$%!123),!*.W)!12OK),!=#!1™!12OK),!"#T!!
' A.'X.6!α!=#!1.6!β!! ' B.'X.6!§v),%u)!=#!1.6!β
' C.'X.6!α!=#!1.6!§v),%u)!! D.'X.6!αi!βi!γ
Câu 12. !p%R$!A.W1!<&6)!12†),!)%L1!$]6!1.6!γ!*[.!=/.!1.6!¯!=#!β!"#!1.6!γT!!
' A.'"#G!GK!9%.G!J)%!! ' B.'"#G!9%R1!%&‘)%!<&6),!!
' C.'4%J!)š),!g&'m)!1%L&!G0)%!' D.'"#!A˜$!g0!*.W)!1™C!!
Câu 13. €%†)!$@&!H6.T!!
! A.'œ6&!4%3J),!1%K.!,.6)!AB),!Ž!";)!$%&!4‘!AR)!2ž7!$%L1!9%-),!g0!$f)!"0.!G+1!9%;)!1RG!!
! B.'œ6&!4%3J),!1%K.!,.6)!AB),!c!";)!$%&!4‘!AR)!2ž7!$%L1!9%-),!g0!A>!9%@)!2ž!A6!9%;)!1O!!
! C.'œ6&!4%3J),!1%K.!,.6)!AB),!c!";)!$%&!4‘!AR)!2ž7!$%L1!9%-),!g0!$f)!"0.!G+1!9%;)!1O!!
' D.'œ6&!4%3J),!1%K.!,.6)!AB),!Ž!";)!$%&!4‘!AR)!2ž7!$%L1!9%-),!g0!$f)!"0.!G+1!9%;)!$%?)!!
Câu 14. z.:&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!H6.!4%.!)-.!=:!%.W)!1O\),!9%-),!g0¡!!
! A.'a.W)!1O\),!9%-),!g0!$]6!G+1!$%L1!H“!gJ'!26!)%6)%!%v)!)j&!$&),!$L9!$%3!)-!G+1!)%.W1!*+!$63!!
! B.'a.W)!1O\),!9%-),!g0!F3!$R$!),&'m)!)%@)!Am)!123),!%01!)%@)!,@'!26C!!
! C.'a.W)!1O\),!9%-),!g0!1&@)!1%u3!*>)%!"&M1!9%-),!g0C!!
! D.'a.W)!1O\),!9%-),!g0!"#!12OK),!%\9!2.m),!$]6!9%J)!˜),!%01!)%@)C!!
Câu 15. o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!œ6.!=:!$%&!4^!AR)!2žT!!
! A.'€˜!H6&!G•.!$%&!4^!X!1%^!H[!9%@)!2ž!"0.!"89!"0.!)%O!$P!!
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
116
! B.'€˜!H6&!G•.!$%&!4^!X7!G+1!)Š6!H[!),&'m)!1Š!$]6!$%L1!9%-),!g0!A.j)!*w.!1%#)%!$%L1!4%R$!!
! C.'Œ•.!$%L1!4%R$!)%6&!$-!$%&!4^!AR)!2ž!X!4%R$!)%6&!!
' D.'€%&!4^!X!4%5),!9%…!1%&+$!=#3!1R$!*+),!Am)!),3#.!!
Câu 16. p%.!%01!)%@)!$]6!$%L1!9%-),!g0!9%R1!26!%6.!%01!¯!=#!–!%01!β
-!
1%^!9%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!*›),T!!
! A.'a01!)%@)!$3)!"t.!Ž!5!123),!AJ),!%W!1%[),!1&;)!%3#)!H3!=/.!%01!)%@)!G²!!
! B.'a01!)%@)!$3)!1.j)!Ž!5!123),!AJ),!%W!1%[),!1&;)!%3#)!H3!=/.!%01!)%@)!G²!!
! C.'a01!)%@)!$3)!"t.!c!5!123),!AJ),!%W!1%[),!1&;)!%3#)!H3!=/.!%01!)%@)!G²!
!' D.'a01!)%@)!$3)!1.j)!c!5!123),!AJ),!%W!1%[),!1&;)!%3#)!H3!=/.!%01!)%@)!G²!!
Câu 17. €%&!4^!AR)!2ž!X!$]6!G+1!$%L1!9%-),!g0!"#!4%3J),!1%K.!,.6)!)#3¡!!
! A.'œ6&!*-7!H[!),&'m)!1Š!9%-),!g0!,.JG!*.!G+1!)Š6!!
! B.'lB),!<&ž),!1%K.!,.6)!4%5),!*w.7!H6&!*-7!HV!9%-),!g0!"89!"0.!)%O!A6)!*;&!!
! C.'œ6&!*-7!$%L1!L'!GL1!%3#)!13#)!1?)%!9%-),!g0!!
' D.'œ6&!*-7!*+!9%-),!g0!$]6!$%L1!,.JG!*.!•!";)!!
Câu 18. €-!1%(!1š),!%B),!H[!9%@)!2ž!»!$]6!*ˆ),!=>!9%-),!g0!AB),!$R$%!)#3¡!!
' A.'z81!),&ˆ)!9%-),!g0!=#3!123),!1™!12OK),!G0)%!!
' B.'z81!),&ˆ)!9%-),!g0!*-!=#3!123),!*.W)!12OK),!G0)%!!
' C.'z[1!)-),!),&ˆ)!9%-),!g0!*-!!
!' D.'a.W)!)6'!16!4%5),!A.j1!$R$%!)#3!$-!1%(!"#G!1%6'!*w.!%B),!H[!9%@)!2ž!9%-),!g0!
Câu 19. €%†)!$@&!sai!123),!$R$!$@&!H6&T!!
! A.'o%-),!g0!ã!"#!9%-),!g0!*.!4ÊG!1%u3!$R$!9%-),!g0!¯!=#!âC!!
! B.'o%513)!ã!F3!%01!)%@)!9%-),!26!$-!)š),!"O\),!"/)C!!
' C.'p%5),!$-!HV!A.j)!*w.!%01!)%@)!123),!9%-),!g0!ãC!!
!' D.'X.6!â
-
!"#!$R$!m"u$125)!)m)!)-!*O\$!9%-),!26!1™!"/9!=¢!),&'m)!1ŠC!!
Câu 20. o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!H6.!4%.!)-.!=:!%.W)!1O\),!9%-),!g0¡!!
! A.'X23),!9%-),!g0!¯7!%01!)%@)!$3)!$-!H[!)v123)!)%¢!%v)!H[!)v123)!$]6!%01!)%@)!G²C!!
! B.'X23),!9%-),!g0!â
-
7!%01!)%@)!G²!=#!%01!)%@)!$3)!$-!H[!4%[.!AB),!)%6&7!H[!92v1v)!4%R$!)%6&C!!
! C.'X23),!9%-),!g0!â7!$-!HV!AJ3!13#)!*.W)!1?$%!)m)!H[!92515)!*O\$!AJ3!13#)C!!
! D.'X23),!9%-),!g0!â
+
7!%01!)%@)!G²!=#!%01!)%@)!$3)!$-!H[!4%[.!AB),!)%6&7!H[!)v123)!4%R$!)%6&!
Câu 21. C!o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!4%5),!*›),!¡!!
! A.'a01!â
-!
=#!%01!â
+
!$-!4%[.!"O\),!AB),!)%6&!! !!
! A.'a01!â
-!
=#!%01!â
+
!*O\$!9%-),!26!1™!$t),!G+1!*ˆ),!=>!9%-),!g0!!
! A.'p%.!*.!<&6!*.W)!12OK),!,.I6!%6.!AJ)!1…!%01!â
-!
=#!%01!â
+
!"W$%!=:!%6.!9%?6!4%R$!)%6&!!
! A.'a01!â
-!
=#!%01!â
+!
*O\$!9%-),!26!$-!1[$!*+!,;)!AB),!1[$!*+!R)%!HR),!!
Câu 22. Qzacn–cS!Œ+1!%01!)%@)!’7!A6)!*;&!*˜),!'m)7!9%-),!g0!¯=#!A.j)!1%#)%!%01!)%@)!ØC!l.j1!%01!
)%@)!’!$-!H[!4%[.!"#!h7!%01!¯9%R1!26!1[$!*+!=C!EL'!4%[.!"O\),!$]6!%01!)%@)!AB),!H[!4%[.!$]6!)-!1?)%!
1%u3!*v)!=>!&C!X[$!*+!$]6!%01!)%@)!Ø!AB),!!
' A.' ! B.' ' C.' ! D.'! !!
Câu 23. Q€zcn–•S!a01!)%@)!
210
84
o3!Q*˜),!'m)S!9%-),!g0!¯!103!26!%01!)%@)!$3)!Q4%5),!4ÊG!A˜$!g0!ã!SC!
Z,6'!H6&!9%-),!g0!*-7!*+),!)š),!$]6!%01!¯!!
' A.')%¢!%v)!%38$!AB),!*+),!)š),!$]6!%01!)%@)!$3)!!
' B.')%¢!%v)!*+),!)š),!$]6!%01!)%@)!$3)!!
!' C.'"/)!%v)!*+),!)š),!$]6!%01!)%@)!$3)!! !
' D.'AB),!*+),!)š),!$]6!%01!)%@)!$3)!!
Câu 24. Qzacnn•S!a01!)%@)!h!*6),!*˜),!'m)!1%^!9%@)!2ž!1%#)%!%01!)%@)!l!$-!4%[.!"O\),!G
B
!=#!%01!¯!
$-!4%[.!"O\),!G
α
C!X•!H[!,.I6!*+),!)š),!$]6!%01!)%@)!l!=#!*+),!)š),!$]6!%01!¯!),6'!H6&!9%@)!2ž!AB),!!
4A
v4
+
4A
v2
-
4A
v4
-
4A
v2
+
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
117
' A.' !! B.' ! C.' ! D '
Câu 25. Qzacn–nS!a01!)%@)!
210
84!
o3!*6),!*˜),!'m)!1%^!9%-),!g0!¯7!),6'!H6&!9%-),!g07!*+),!)š),!$]6!
%01!¯!
' A.'"/)!%v)!*+),!)š),!$]6!%01!)%@)!$3)C!!
' B.')%¢!%v)!%38$!AB),!*+),!)š),!$]6!%01!)%@)!$3)C!!
!' C.'AB),!*+),!)š),!$]6!%01!)%@)!$3)C!!
' D.')%¢!%v)!*+),!)š),!$]6!%01!)%@)!$3)C!!
Câu 26. Qzacn––S!Œ+1!%01!)%@)!’!*˜),!'m)7!9%-),!g0!¯!=#!A.j)!1%#)%!%01!)%@)!ØC!•†.!G
1
!=#!G
2
7!=
1
!=#!
=
2
7!p
1
!=#!p
2
!1Ov),!˜),!"#!4%[.!"O\),7!1[$!*+7!*+),!)š),!$]6!%01!¯!=#!%01!)%@)!ØC!aW!1%˜$!)#3!H6&!*@'!
"#!*›),!!
' A.' ' B.' ' C.' ' D.' !
Câu 27. X23),!HV!9%@)!%0$%!$]6!%01!)%@)! 7!,†.!4!"#!%W!H[!)%@)!)v123)C!o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!
đúng¡!
' A.'Zj&!4!Y!–!1%^!9%J)!˜),!9%@)!%0$%!F@'!$%&':)!4%5),!gJ'!2hC!!
! B.'Zj&!4!ƒ!–!1%^!9%J)!˜),!9%@)!%0$%!F@'!$%&':)!gJ'!26!=#!)š),!"O\),!1¢6!26!1š),!)%6)%C!!
! C.'Zj&!4!„!–!1%^!9%J)!˜),!9%@)!%0$%!F@'!$%&':)!1V!F&'!12^!=#!$-!1%(!,@'!)m)!At),!)wC!!
! D.'Zj&!4!„!–!1%^!9%J)!˜),!9%@)!%0$%!F@'!$%&':)!4%5),!gJ'!26C!!
Câu 28. o%J)!˜),!9%@)!%0$%!ÌcŽŸ!Ft),!123),!"f!9%J)!˜),!%01!)%@)!=#!$J!123),!A3G!),&'m)!1ŠC!X^G!
HV!4%R$!A.W1!$š)!AJ)!,.I6!"f!9%J)!˜),!=#!A3G!),&'m)!1ŠC!!
! A.'œ[!)v123)!*O\$!,.J.!9%-),!123),!G•.!9%J)!˜),!9%@)!%0$%!N!A3G!),&'m)!1Š!)%.:&!%v)!N!"f!
9%J)!˜),!!
! B.'Zš),!"O\),!12&),!A^)%!*O\$!G•.!),&'m)!1Š!&26).!,.J.!9%-),!26!N!A3G!),&'m)!1Š!)%.:&!%v)!
%v)!N!"f!9%J)!˜),!!
! C.'X23),!"f!9%J)!˜),!H[!)v123)!$-!1%(!,@'!26!9%J)!˜),!9%@)!%0$%!1.j9!1%u3!*O\$!4%[),!$%j!!
! D.'X23),!"f!9%J)!˜),!H[!)v123)!$;)!*(!,@'!9%J)!˜),!9%@)!%0$%!1.j9!1%u3!1%^!)%¢!%v)!N!A3G!
),&'m)!1ŠC!!
Câu 29. œV!9%@)!%0$%!"#!HV!=³!G+1!%01!)%@)!)8),!!
! A.'1%OK),!g¼'!26!G+1!$R$%!1V!9%R1!1%#)%!)%.:&!%01!)%@)!)8),!%v)!!
! B.'1%#)%!%6.!%01!)%@)!)%²!%v)!4%.!%L9!1%…!G+1!)v123)!!
! C.'1%#)%!%6.!%01!)%@)!)%²!%v)!=#!=#.!)v123)7!H6&!4%.!%L9!1%…!G+1!)v123)!$%MG!!
! D.'1%#)%!%6.!%01!)%@)!)%²!%v)7!1%OK),!g¼'!26!G+1!$R$%!1V!9%R1!!
Câu 30. o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!4%5),!*›),!¡!!
! A.'o%J)!˜),!9%@)!%0$%!F@'!$%&':)!*O\$!1%V$!%.W)!123),!$R$!"f!9%J)!˜),!%01!)%@)!!
! B.'Ef!9%J)!˜),!%01!)%@)!$-!$R$!1%6)%!)%.m)!".W&!&26).!*ž!*O\$!"#G!,.#&!*81!gu)!4“!123),!$%L1!
"#G!$%MG!)v123)!!
! C.'X23),!"f!9%J)!˜),!%01!)%@)!$-!$R$!1%6)%!*.:&!4%.()!*(!*JG!AJ3!$%3!%W!H[!)%@)!)v123)!"&5)!
"/)!%v)!–!!
! D.'Ef!9%J)!˜),!%01!)%@)!$-!$R$![),!1J.!)%.W1!=#!"#G!"0)%!*(!12&':)!)š),!"O\),!$]6!"f!26!$%0'!1&6!
A.)!!
Câu 31. ’‡1!9%J)!˜),!T! + 17,6 MeVC!z.:&!,^!H6&!*@'!sai!4%.!)-.!=:!9%J)!˜),!)#'¡!!
' A.'z@'!"#!9%J)!˜),!)%.W1!%0$%C!! !
' B.'z@'!"#!9%J)!˜),!1¢6!)š),!"O\),C!!
!' C.'z.:&!4.W)!gJ'!26!9%J)!˜),!"#!)%.W1!*+!2L1!$63C!
B
m
m
a
2
B
m
m
÷
÷
ø
ö
ç
ç
è
æ
a
a
m
m
B
2
B
m
m
÷
÷
ø
ö
ç
ç
è
æ
a
2
1
2
1
2
1
K
K
m
m
v
v
==
1
2
1
2
1
2
K
K
m
m
v
v
==
2
1
1
2
2
1
K
K
m
m
v
v
==
1
2
1
2
2
1
K
K
m
m
v
v
==
U
235
92
nHeTH
1
0
4
2
3
1
2
1
+®+
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
118
' D.'o%J)!˜),!)#'!$%•!gJ'!26!12m)!Œ81!X2K.C!!
Câu 32. QXZcn–•S!o%J)!˜),!9%@)!%0$%!!
! A.'$%•!gJ'!26!N!)%.W1!*+!2L1!$63!$³!%#),!$%…$!12.W&!*+!!
! B.'"#!HV!=³!$]6!G+1!%01!)%@)!)8),!1%#)%!%6.!%01!)%@)!)%²!%v)!!
! C.'"#!9%J)!˜),!123),!*-!%6.!%01!)%@)!)%²!1w),!%\9!"0.!1%#)%!%01!)%@)!)8),!%v)!!
! D.'"#!9%J)!˜),!%01!)%@)!1%&!)š),!"O\),!!
Câu 33. Q€zcnn¤S!o%R1!A.(&!)#3!H6&!*@'!"#!H6.!4%.!)-.!=:!%.W)!1O\),!9%-),!g0¡!!
! A.'X23),!9%-),!g0!¯7!%01!)%@)!$3)!$-!H[!)v123)!)%¢!%v)!H[!)v123)!$]6!%01!)%@)!G²C!!
! B.'X23),!9%-),!g0!â
-
7!%01!)%@)!G²!=#!%01!)%@)!$3)!$-!H[!4%[.!AB),!)%6&7!H[!92515)!4%R$!)%6&C!!
! C.'X23),!9%-),!g0!â7!$-!HV!AJ3!13#)!*.W)!1?$%!)m)!H[!92515)!*O\$!AJ3!13#)C!!
! D.'X23),!9%-),!g0!â
+
7!%01!)%@)!G²!=#!%01!)%@)!$3)!$-!H[!4%[.!AB),!)%6&7!H[!)v123)!4%R$!)%6&C!!
Câu 34. Qzacn–nS!o%-),!g0!=#!9%@)!%0$%!%01!)%@)!!
! A.'*:&!$-!HV!%L9!1%…!)v123)!$%MGC!' B.'*:&!"#!9%J)!˜),!%01! )%@)! 1%&!)š),! "O\),C!
' C.'*:&!4%5),!9%J.!"#!9%J)!˜),!%01!)%@)C!' D.'*:&!"#!9%J)!˜),!%01!)%@)!1¢6!)š),!"O\),C!!
Câu 35. X^G!9%R1!A.(&!H6.!=:!9%J)!˜),!)%.W1!%0$%T!
' A.'œV!4j1!%\9!%6.!%01!)%@)!2L1!)%²!1%#)%!G+1!%01!)%@)!)š),!%v)!$P),!13J!26!)š),!"O\),C!!
! B.'Œ•.!9%J)!˜),!4j1!%\9!13J!26!)š),!"O\),!A‡!%v)!G+1!9%J)!˜),!9%@)!%0$%7!)%O),!1?)%!1%u3!
4%[.!"O\),!)%.m)!".W&!1%^!9%J)!˜),!4j1!%\9!13J!26!)š),!"O\),!)%.:&!%v)C!!
! C.'o%J)!˜),!4j1!%\9!13J!26!)š),!"O\),!)%.:&7!"#G!)-),!G5.!12OK),!g&),!<&6)%!)m)!,†.!"#!9%J)!
˜),!)%.W1!%0$%C!!
! D.'l3G!a!"#!˜),!F…),!$]6!9%J)!˜),!)%.W1!%0$%!)%O),!FO/.!F0),!9%J)!˜),!)%.W1!%0$%!4%5),!
4.(G!H3R1!*O\$C!!
Câu 36. €%†)!$@&!H6.C!E´!F3!$]6!=.W$!1^G!$R$%!1%6'!1%j!)š),!"O\),!9%@)!%0$%!AB),!)š),!"O\),!)%.W1!
%0$%!"#T!
' A.'X?)%!12m)!G+1!$t),!*v)!=>!4%[.!"O\),!"#!9%J)!˜),!)%.W1!%0$%!1¢6!26!)š),!"O\),!)%.:&!%v)!
9%J)!˜),!9%@)!%0$%C!!
! B.'Z,&'m)!".W&!$]6!9%J)!˜),!)%.W1!%0$%!$-!)%.:&!123),!1%.m)!)%.m)C!o%J)!˜),!)%.W1!%0$%!F”!4.(G!
H3R1C!!
! C.'o%J)!˜),!)%.W1!%0$%!F”!4.(G!H3R1!%v)!9%J)!˜),!9%@)!%0$%C!!
! D.'Zš),!"O\),!)%.W1!%0$%!H0$%!%v)!)š),!"O\),!9%@)!%0$%C!!
Câu 37. o%J)!˜),!)%.W1!%0$%!=#!9%J)!˜),!9%@)!%0$%!"#!%6.!9%J)!˜),!%01!)%@)!12R.!),O\$!)%6&!=^!!
! A.'G+1!9%J)!˜),!1¢6!)š),!"O\),7!$f)!9%J)!˜),!4.6!1%&!)š),!"O\),!!
! B.'G+1!9%J)!˜),!g¼'!26!N!)%.W1!*+!1%L97!$f)!9%J)!˜),!4.6!g¼'!26!N!)%.W1!*+!$63!!
! C.'G+1!9%J)!˜),!"#!1w),!%\9!%6.!%01!)%@)!)%²!1%#)%!%01!)%@)!)8),!%v)7!$f)!9%J)!˜),!4.6!"#!HV!
9%R!=³!G+1!%01!)%@)!)8),!1%#)%!%6.!%01!)%@)!)%²!%v)!!
! D.'G+1!9%J)!˜),!F.”)!A.j)!$%MG7!$f)!9%J)!˜),!4.6!F.”)!A.j)!2L1!)%6)%!!
Câu 38. Qzacn–ŽS!l6)!*;&!G+1!G¹&!$%L1!9%-),!g0!),&'m)!$%L1!$-!Z
0
!%01!)%@)C!l.j1!$%&!4^!AR)!2ž!$]6!
$%L1!9%-),!g0!)#'!"#!XC!œ6&!1%K.!,.6)!•X7!4(!1™!1%K.!*.(G!A6)!*;&7!H[!%01!)%@)!A>!9%@)!2ž!$]6!G¹&!
$%L1!9%-),!g0!)#'!"#!!
' A.' Z
0
!! B.' Z
0
' C.' Z
0
! D.' Z
0
!
Câu 39. Q€zcn–•S!Œ+1!$%L1!9%-),!g0!’!$-!%B),!H[!9%-),!g0!»C!x!1%K.!*.(G!1
0
!Y!n7!$-!Z
0
!%01!)%@)!’C!
X?)%!1™!1
0
!*j)!17!H[!%01!)%@)!$]6!$%L1!9%-),!g0!’!A>!9%@)!2ž!"#!!
' A.'!Z
0
u
!
-λt
!' B.'Z
0
!Q–!s!»1S!' C.'Z
0
Q–!s!u
λt
S!' D.'Z
0
!Q–!s!u
-
λ
t
S!
Câu 40. œV!9%-),!g0!=#!9%J)!˜),!)%.W1!%0$%!,.[),!)%6&!N!)%I),!*.(G!)#3!H6&!*@'¡!!
! A.'z:&!"#!$R$!9%J)!˜),!%01!)%@)!gJ'!26!G+1!$R$%!1V!9%R1!4%5),!$%>&!1R$!*+),!Am)!),3#.C!!
! B.'z(!$R$!9%J)!˜),!*-!gJ'!26!1%^!*:&!9%J.!$;)!)%.W1!*+!2L1!$63C!!
16
15
16
1
4
1
8
1
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
119
! C.'Xw),!4%[.!"O\),!$]6!$R$!%01!H6&!9%J)!˜),!"/)!%v)!1w),!4%[.!"O\),!$]6!$R$!%01!12O/$!9%J)!
˜),C!!
! D.'Xw),!*+!%…1!4%[.!$]6!$R$!%01!H6&!9%J)!˜),!"/)!%v)!1w),!*+!%…1!4%[.!$]6!$R$!%01!12O/$!9%J)!
˜),C!!
Câu 41. X23),!9%J)!˜),!H6&!*@'!T! i!%01!’!"#!!
' A.'•"u$123)!! B.'o2313)!! C.'am".!!' D.'Zv123)!!
Câu 42. œ6&!A63!)%.m&!";)!9%-),!g0!¯!=#!A63!)%.m&!";)!9%-),!g0!â
–
!1%^!%01!)%@)!
232
90!
X%!A.j)!*w.!1%#)%!
%01!)%@)!
208
82!
oA!!
' A.'•!";)!9%-),!g0!¯!i!¥!";)!9%-),!g0!â
–
!! B.'¥!";)!9%-),!g0!¯!i!•!";)!9%-),!g0!â
–
!!
' C.'•!";)!9%-),!g0!i!¥!";)!9%-),!g0!â
–
!! D.'¥!";)!9%-),!g0!¯!i!•!";)!9%-),!g0!â
–!
!
!!
l¦Z•!X§h!z¨o!¨Z!€a©!zª!cs€a«¬Z•!®!!
!! !!
–h!!
ce!!
Žh!!
•e!!
Ÿl!!
¥l!!
®h!!
•l!!
¤h!!
–ne!!
––l!!
–ce!!
–Že!!
–•h!!
–Ÿh!!
–¥h!!
–®h!!
–•e!!
–¤e!!
cn€!!
c–l!!
cc€!!
cŽ€!!
c•h!!
cŸh!!
c¥€!!
c®€!!
c•€!!
c¤€!!
Žn€!!
Ž–e!!
Žcl!!
ŽŽ€!!
Ž•e!!
ŽŸ€!!
Ž¥€!!
Ž®€!!
Ž•h!!
Ž¤e!!
•ne!!
•–e!!
•ce!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
CHỦ'ĐỀ:'THỰC'HÀNH'THÍ'NGHIỆM''
#--#SOẠN#BỔ#SUNG#DỰA#TRÊN#TÀI#LIỆU#CỦA#THẦY#TRẦN#QUỐC#LÂM#(XIN#MẠN#PHÉP#THẦY#LÂM)--#'
! _M1!"?!"#!G+1!4%36!%†$!1%V$!),%.WG7!%†$!=M1!"?!123),!12OK),!9%w!1%5),!"#!%†$!1M9!,U)!".:)!=/.!1%V$!
1.”)!1%5),!<&6!$R$!HV!=M17!%.W)!1O\),!=M1!"?!123),!1%j!,./.!1V!)%.m)!*(!,.›9!aœ!%.(&!A.j1!$R$!<&'!"&M1!
$]6!)-!=#!$t),!$%&),!H[),!=/.!1%V$!1.”)!*K.!H[),!gž!%+.C!!
! X%?!),%.WG!_M1!"?!123),!12OK),!XaoX!,.›9!aœ!$]),!$[!=#!4%U$!H@&!)%I),!4.j)!1%˜$7!4—!)š),!1%&!
*O\$!1™!1%V$!1.”)!=#!$R$!A#.!,.J),!"?!1%&'j17!,U)!"?!1%&'j1!=/.!1%V$!%#)%7!%†$!*.!*5.!=/.!%#)%7!,.›9!aœ!
1.)!1ON),!=#3!$R$!$%@)!"?4%36!%†$C!av)!)I67!1%?!),%.WG!_M1!"?!123),!12OK),!XaoX7!,.›9!aœ!2Ê)!"&'W)!
$R$!4—!)š),!=M)!F…),!HR),!1037!1V!1.)!=#!*01!4j1!!
<&J!$63!4%.!"#G!$R$!A#.!1%.!<&[$!,.6!!
!! !€%]!*:!)#'!*O\$!$%.6!"#G!A6!9%;)T!!
!
¶
!PHẦN!A:!DỤNG!CỤ!ĐO!-!HƯỚNG!DẪN!SỬ!DỤNG-!TRÌNH!TỰ!THÍ!NGHIỆM!!
!
¶
!PHẦN!B:!SAI!SỐ!PHÉP!ĐO!!
!
¶
!!PHẦN!C:!MỘT!SỐ!BÀI!THÍ!NGHIỆM!LỚP!12.!!
!
¶
!PHẦN!D:!BÀI!TẬP!TỰ!LUYỆN!!
A.#DỤNG#CỤ#ĐO#-#TRÌNH#TỰ#THÍ#NGHIỆM''
1.'DỤNG'CỤ'ĐO:''
!
Hình#1:#Đồng#hồ#đo#thời#gian#hiện#số'
-
b+++®+ 7x2LaMoUn
13 9
57
95
42
23 5
92
1
0
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
120
#Hình#2:#Thước#kẹp#
!
!
!!
Hình#3:#Đồng#hồ#vạn#năng#dùng#kim#chỉ#thị## Hình#4:#Đồng#hồ#vạn#năng# hiển#thị#số# '
!!
! 1!·!p.G!$%•!1%>!! ! 7!·!Œ81!$%•!1%>!!
! 2!·!_?1!*.:&!$%•)%!*.(G!n!1—)%!! ! 8!·!Œ81!4?)%!!
! 3!·!z;&!*3!*.W)!R9!1%&;)!g36'!$%.:&!! ! 9!·!_¢!H6&!!
! 4!·!z;&!*3!FOv),!QDS7!%38$!o!QlR)!F¹)!FOv),S!! 10!·!Z›1!*.:&!$%•)%!nä!Qnå!heÆS!!
! 5!·!z;&!*3!$%&),!Q€3GS7!%38$!Z!QlR)!F¹)!@GS!! 11!·!€%&'()!G0$%!$%†)!1%6),!*3!!
! !6!·!_¢!12O/$!! ! !! 12!·!z;&!*3!Ff),!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!–Ÿh!!
!!
Bảng'1'liệt'kê'một'số'dụng'cụ'đo'trực'tiếp'một'số'thông'số'thường'gặp'trong'đề'thi'
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
121
Bảng'1'
TT'
Dụng'cụ'
Thông'số'đo'trực'tiếp'
Cái'đại'lượng'thường'gặp'
–!!
zˆ),!%ˆ!!
X%K.!,.6)!!
€%&!4‘!!
c!!
X%O/$!
z3!$%.:&!F#.!
l.m)!*+7!*+!,.ž)!"f!g3i!$%.:&!F#.!$3)!"U$!
*v)7! AO/$! H-),! 123),! H-),! $v7! 4%3J),!
=@)7!4%3J),!$R$%!%6.!4%u!*j)!G#)ÀC!!
Ž!!
€@)!
p%[.!"O\),!
p%[.!"O\),!=M1!123),!€EE’!!
•!!
EV$!4j!
EV$!
EV$!*#)!%ˆ.7!"V$!4‡3!=:!$]6!"f!g3!!
Ÿ!!
_5)!4j!
a.W&!*.W)!1%j!
Ì!$]6!G+1!*30)!G0$%!AL1!4‘!!
¥!!
hG9u!4j!
€OK),!*+!Ff),!
-!123),!G0$%!)[.!1.j9!!
®!!
zˆ),!%ˆ!*6!)š),!
z.W)!R97!$OK),!*+!Ff),!*.W)i!
*.W)!12Ni!*.W)!F&),CC!
!!
!!
Ví#dụ:!z(!*3!$%&!4‘!F63!*+),!$]6!G+1!$3)!"U$!"f!g3!16!$%•!$;)!Ft),!F…),!$…!!
! !A.'X%O/$!! !B.'zˆ),!%ˆ!ALG!,.@'!! !C.'EV$!4j!! !D.'€@)!!
Phân#tích:!€@&!%¢.!Ft),!1™!º$%•!$;)Ç!)m)!F…),!$…!)#'!9%J.!*3!12V$!1.j9!*O\$!$%&!4‘!=#!F—!)%.m)!6.!
$P),!A.j1!*O\$!*-!"#!zˆ),!%ˆC!!
! X2m)!*@'!"#!=?!F…!G.)%!%†6!$%3!)-!A#.!AJ)!$%˜!123),!*:!1%.!*0.!%†$!G#!$%3!$@&!)%O!1%j!)#'!1%^!
),3)!š)!<&Ræ!!
! X%OK),!1%^!$%•!,89!$@&!%¢.!$%†)!F…),!$…!%38$!A+!F…),!$…!*(!*3!,.R)!1.j9!G+1!1%5),!H[!)#3!*-C!
X˜$!"#7!*(!*3!1%5),!H[!h!$;)!9%J.!*3!1%5),!H[!g7!'7!bÀ!2ˆ.!$š)!$˜!=#3!$5),!1%˜$!".m)!%W!,.I6!h!=#!g7!'7!
bÀ!*(!1?)%!26!hC!z(!12J!"K.!"30.!$@&!%¢.!)#'!$;)!9%J.!A.j1T!!
e…),!$…!*3!$R$!1%5),!H[!g7!'7!bÀ!!
€5),!1%˜$!".m)!%W!,.I6!h!=#!g7!'7!bÀ!!
Bảng#2#liệt#kê#một#số#thông#số#đo#gián#tiếp#thường#gặp#trong#đề#thi##
Bảng'2'
XX!!
l+!F…),!$…!*3!!
X%5),!H[!*3!,.R)!1.j9!!
€5),!1%˜$!".m)!%W!!
–!!
zˆ),!%ˆ7!1%O/$!!
•.6!1[$!12†),!12OK),!!
!
c!!
zˆ),!%ˆ7!$@)!!
a38$T!EV$!4j!=#!1%O/$!!
a38$T!X%O/$!=#!*ˆ),!%ˆ!!
z3!*+!$˜),!"f!g3!!
! !
!!
‰!Y! !Û!4!Y! !
Ž!!
X%O/$!=#!GR'!9%R1!1;)!H[!!
X[$!*+!12&':)!H-),!12m)!
H\.!F@'!!
v!Y»f!
•!!
X%O/$!!
lO/$!H-),!R)%!HR),!*v)!
HU$!!
!.!Y !
Ÿ!!
_5)!4j7!hG9u!4j!!
€5),!H&L1!!
!!
PY!IU
R
!
2
2
T
l4
g
g
l
2T
p
=Ûp=
2
2
T
m4
k
k
m
2T
p
=Ûp=
l
mg
k
k
mg
l
D
=Û=D
ê
ë
é
kA
kx
ê
ë
é
A/F
x/F
D
ai
a
D
=lÛ
l
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
122
!!
À!!
À!!
!!
!!
II.#TRÌNH#TỰ#THÍ#NGHIỆM:#'
1.#Các#bước#tiến#hành#thí#nghiệm:''
! e0),!A#.!)#'!*ž!26!123),!*:!1%.!1&'()!H.)%!*0.!%†$!)šG!cn–•!2ˆ.!)m)!gR$!H&L1!26!"0.!123),!)šG!
)6'!"#!2L1!1%L9C!X%;'!H“!)m&!$R$!AO/$!$v!AJ)!*(!1%V$!%.W)!G+1!1%?!),%.WG!!
*!Bước!1:!Bố!trí!thí!nghiệm!
*!Bước!2:!Đo!các!đại!lượng!trực!tiếp!(Thường!tiến!hành!tối!thiểu!5!lần!đo!cho!một!đại!lượng)!!*!
Bước!3:!Tính!giá!trị!trung!bình!và!sai!số!!
*!Bước!4:!Biểu!diễn!kết!quả.!!
z(!"#G!F0),!A#.!1M9!)#'!1%^!$R$!uG!$;)!)UG!*O\$!F0),!–T!F…),!$…!*3!=#!$5),!1%˜$!".m)!%W!,.I6!*0.!
"O\),!$;)!*3!,.R)!1.j9!=#!$R$!*0.!"O\),!$-!1%(!*3!12V$!1.j9C!!
Ví#dụ:!e…),!$…!1%?!),%.WG!,ˆGT!ŒR'!9%R1!1;)!H[i!Z,&ˆ)!*.W)i!H\.!F@'!*#)!%ˆ.i!1%O/$!F#.C!z(!*3!1[$!*+!
H-),!12&':)!12m)!H\.!F@'!),OK.!16!1.j)!%#)%!$R$!AO/$!)%O!H6&!!
6C!z3!4%3J),!$R$%!,.I6!%6.!)›1!".m)!1.j9!Ÿ!";)!!
AC!Z[.!G+1!*;&!F@'!=/.!GR'!9%R1!1;)7!$[!*>)%!*;&!$f)!"0.C!!
$C!lM1!),&ˆ)!)[.!=/.!GR'!9%R1!1;)!=#!$%†)!1;)!H[!–nnab!!
FC!X?)%!,.R!12>!12&),!A^)%!=#!H6.!H[!$]6!1[$!*+!12&':)!H-),!!
uC!X?)%!,.R!12>!12&),!A^)%!=#!H6.!H[!$]6!AO/$!H-),!!
œU9!gj9!1%˜!1V!đúng'!
! A.!67!A7!$7!F7!u!! B.'A7!$7!67!F7!u!! C.'A7!$7!67!u7!F!! D.'u7!F7!$7!A7!6!!
Phân#tích:#'
l–T!l[!12?!1%?!),%.WG!˜),!=/.!A7!$!!
lcT!z3!$R$!*0.!"O\),!12V$!1.j9!˜),!=/.!6!!
lŽT!X?)%!,.R!12>!12&),!A^)%!=#!H6.!H[!˜),!=/.!u7!F!à!Vậy!chọn!đáp!án!C!# #
B.#SAI#SỐ#PHÉP#ĐO#CỦA#CÁC#ĐẠI#LƯỢNG#VẬT#LÝ#VÀ#XỬ#LÝ#SỐ#LIỆU:#'
I.#MỤC#ĐÍCH:#'
1.!a.(&!*O\$!*>)%!),%—6!=:!9%‡9!*3!$R$!*0.!"O\),!=M1!"?C!o%@)!A.W1!9%‡9!*3!12V$!1.j9!=#!9%‡9!*3!,.R)!
1.j9C!!
2.!ZUG!*O\$!)%I),!4%R.!).WG!$v!AJ)!=:!H6.!H[!$]6!9%‡9!*3!$R$!*0.!"O\),!=M1!"?!=#!$R$%!gR$!*>)%!H6.!
H[!$]6!9%‡9!*3T!!
6C!a.(&!*O\$!1%j!)#3!"#!H6.!H[!$]6!9%‡9!*3!$R$!*0.!"O\),!=M1!"?C!!
AC!o%@)!A.W1!*O\$!%6.!"30.!H6.!H[!T!H6.!H[!),¹&!)%.m)7!H6.!H[!%W!1%[),C!!
$C!l.j1!$R$%!gR$!*>)%!H6.!H[!F…),!$…7!H6.!H[!),¹&!)%.m)C!!
FC!X?)%!*O\$!H6.!H[!$]6!9%‡9!*3!12V$!1.j9C!!
uC!X?)%!*O\$!H6.!H[!9%‡9!*3!,.R)!1.j9C!!
`C!l.j1!$R$%!=.j1!*›),!4j1!<&J!9%‡9!*37!=/.!H[!$R$!$%I!H[!$-!),%—6!$;)!1%.j1C!!
!!
II.#CÁC#KHÁI#NIỆM-#PHÂN#LOẠI#SAI#SỐ:#'
1.#Các#khái#niệm:#'
a)'Phép'đo'trực'tiếp:!z3!G+1!*0.!"O\),!=M1!"?!$-!),%—6!"#!H3!HR)%!)-!=/.!G+1!*0.!"O\),!$t),!"30.!G#!
16!$%†)!"#G!*v)!=>!!
b)'Phép'đo'gián'tiếp:!X2OK),!%\9!,.R!12>!$]6!*0.!"O\),!$;)!*3!*O\$!1?)%!1™!,.R!12>!$]6!$R$!9%‡9!*3!
12V$!1.j9!4%R$!1%5),!<&6!A.(&!1%˜$!13R)!%†$7!1%^!9%‡9!*3!*-!"#!9%‡9!*3!,.R)!1.j9!!
2.'Nguyên#nhân#sai#số:!pj1!<&J!*3!G+1!*0.!"O\),!)#3!*-!$%•!$-!1%(!"#!,.R!12>!12&),!A^)%!$+),!12™!=/.!
G+1!*+!"W$%!)%L1!*>)%!$%˜!4%5),!1%(!$-!*O\$!4j1!<&J!$%?)%!gR$!1&'W1!*[.C!z(!$-!,.R!12>!12&),!A^)%!1%^!
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
123
%.()!)%.m)!$R$!uG!9%J.!1%V$!%.W)!*3!)%.:&!";)!2ˆ.!=#!$#),!)%.:&!";)!$#),!$%?)%!gR$!),&'m)!)%@)!H6.!
H[!"#!,^¡!€-!c!),&'m)!)%@)!G#!$R$!A0)!$;)!A.j17!)-!)%O!1%j!)#'T!!
a)#Sai#số#hệ#thống:(Sai#số#do#dụng#cụ#đo)#'
s!œ6.!H[!%W!1%[),!g&L1!%.W)!F3!H6.!H-1!$]6!F…),!$…!*3!%38$!F3!9%Ov),!9%R9!"?!1%&'j1!$%O6!%3#)!$%•)%7!
$%O6!1?)%!*j)!$R$!'j&!1[!J)%!%ON),!*j)!4j1!<&J!*3C!œ6.!H[!%W!1%[),!1%OK),!"#G!$%3!4j1!<&J!*3!"W$%!
=:!G+1!9%?6!H3!=/.!,.R!12>!1%V$!$]6!*0.!"O\),!$;)!*3C!œ6.!H[!%W!1%[),!$-!1%(!"30.!12™!*O\$!AB),!$R$%!
4.(G!1267!*.:&!$%•)%!"0.!$R$!F…),!$…!*37!%3#)!$%•)%!9%Ov),!9%R9!"?!1%&'j1!*37!%38$!*O6!=#3!$R$!H[!
%.W&!$%•)%C!!
*!{&'!O/$T!!
s!œ6.!H[!F…),!$…!Δh
DC!!
"L'!AB),!–!%38$!n7Ÿ!*+!$%.6!)%¢!)%L1!$]6!F…),!$…C!!
s!p%.!*3!$R$!*0.!"O\),!*.W)!AB),!$R$!F…),!$…!$%•!1%>!4.G7!H6.!H[!*O\$!gR$!*>)%!1%u3!$L9!$%?)%!gR$!$]6!
F…),!$…C
!
o#Ví#dụ#1:!zˆ),!%ˆ!ALG!F@'!$-!*+!$%.6!)%¢!)%L1!"#!n7n–H!1%^!Δh
dc
!Y!n7n–H!%38$!n7nnŸH!! X%O/$! $-! *+!
$%.6!)%¢!)%L1!"#!–GG!1%^!Δh
DC!
Y!–GG!%38$!n7ŸGGC!!
o'Ví#dụ#2:!_5)!4j!$-!$L9!$%?)%!gR$!"#!cÒC!Zj&!Ft),!1%6),!*3!cnn_!*(!*3!%.W&!*.W)!1%j!1%^!H6.!H[!GU$!
9%J.!"#!ΔU!Y!c
0
0
Ccnn!Y!•VC!Zj&!4.G!$%•!1%>!=>!12?!–Ÿn!_!1%^!4j1!<&J!*3!H“!"#T!U!Y–Ÿny!•V!!
s!p%.!*3!$R$!*0.!"O\),!*.W)!AB),!$R$!*ˆ),!%ˆ!*3!%.W)!H[7!$;)!9%J.!"V6!$%†)!1%6),!*3!1%?$%!%\9C!Zj&!
$R$!$3)!H[!%.()!1%>!12m)!G81!*ˆ),!%ˆ!"#!w)!*>)%!Q$3)!H[!$&[.!$t),!Am)!9%J.!4%5),!A>!1%6'!*w.S!1%^!H6.!
H[!$]6!9%‡9!*3!$-!1%(!"L'!,.R!12>!AB),!1?$%!$]6!$L9!$%?)%!gR$!=#!$3)!H[!%.()!1%>C!!
o'Ví#dụ:!*ˆ),!%ˆ!%.W)!H[!$-!,%.!$L9!H6.!H[!–CnÒ!2F,!Q4?!%.W&!<&[$!1j!$%3!F…),!$…!*3!%.W)!H[S7!,.R!12>!
*.W)!R9!%.()!1%>!12m)!G81!*ˆ),!%ˆ!"#T!Ì!Y!c–•!_!1%^!$-!1%(!"L'!H6.!H[!F…),!$…!"#T!°Ì!Y!–ÒCc–•!Y!c7–•!_!!
!E#G!12f)!H[!16!$-!Ì!Y!c–•7n!y!c7cQ_S!!
s!Zj&!$R$!$3)!H[!$&[.!$t),!4%5),!%.()!1%>!w)!*>)%!Q)%J'!H[S7!1%^!H6.!H[!$]6!9%‡9!*3!9%J.!4(!1%mG!H6.!H[!
),¹&!)%.m)!123),!4%.!*3C!!
o'Ví#dụ:!4%.!*†$!,.R!12>!%.()!1%>!$]6!*.W)!R9!AB),!*ˆ),!%ˆ!)m&!12m)7!$3)!H[!$&[.!$t),!4%5),!w)!*>)%!
Q)%J'!H[ST!c–Ÿ!_7!c–¥!_7!c–®!_7!c–•!_7!c–¤!_!QH[!%#),!*v)!=>!4%5),!w)!*>)%SC!X23),!12OK),!%\9!)#'!
"L'!,.R!12>!12&),!A^)%!Ì!Y!c–®!_C!œ6.!H[!9%‡9!*3!$;)!9%J.!4(!1%mG!H6.!H[!),¹&!)%.m)!123),!<&R!12^)%!*3!
°Ì
n!
=!cVC!e3!=M'T!Ì!Y!c–®7n!y!c7c!y!c!Y!c–®7n!y!•7cQVS!!
Chú#ý:''
-!Nhiều!loại!đồng!hồ!hiện!số!có!độ!chính!các!cao,!do!đó!sai!số!phép! đo!chỉ!cần!chú!ý!tới!thành!phần!sai! số!
ngẫu!nhiên.!!
-!Trường!hợp!tổng!quát,!sai!số!của!phép!đo!gồm!hai!thành!phần:!sai!số!ngẫu!nhiên!với!cách!tính!như!
trên!và!sai!số!hệ!!
thống!(do!dụng!cụ!đo)!!
b)#Sai#số#ngẫu#nhiên:#'
*!œ6.!H[!),¹&!)%.m)!H.)%!26!F3!)%.:&!),&'m)!)%@)7!=?!F…!F3!%0)!$%j!$]6!,.R$!<&6)!),OK.!"#G!1%?!
),%.WG7!F3!HV!1%6'!*w.!),¹&!)%.m)!4%5),!"OK),!12O/$!*O\$!$]6!$R$!'j&!1[!,@'!J)%!%ON),!*j)!4j1!
<&J!*3C!œ6.!H[!),¹&!)%.m)!"#G!$%3!4j1!<&J!*3!"W$%!=:!$J!%6.!9%?6!H3!=/.!,.R!12>!1%V$!$]6!*0.!"O\),!$;)!
*3C!_?!F…T!)%.W1!*+7!R)%!HR),CCCSai#số#ngẫu#nhiên#không#thể#loại#trừ#được.#Sai#số#ngẫu#nhiên#làm#
cho#kết#quả#đo#lệch#về#cả#hai#phía#so#với#giá#trị#thực#của#đại#lượng# cần# đo. ' Trong#phép#đo#các#đại#
lượng#ta#cần#phải#đánh#giá#sai#số#ngẫu #nhiên.#Để#đánh#giá#sai#số#ngẫu#nhiên#ta#cần#quan#tâm#
đến'2#loại#sai#số:#Sai#số#tuyệt#đối#ΔA#và#Sai#số#tương#đối#ε
A"
%#với#A#là#đại#lượng#cần#đo#trong# các#
phép#đo#trực#tiếp#và#phép#đo#gián#tiếp#sau#đây:#'
III.#PHƯƠNG#PHÁP#XÁC#ĐỊNH#SAI#SỐ:#'
1.#Phép#đo#trực#tiếp:#'
-!Gọi!đại!lượng!cần!đo!là!A!!
-!Thực!hiện!n!lần!đo!với!kết!quả!đo!đượclà!:!A
1
,!A
2
,!A
3
,...A
n
(Tối!thiểu!là!5!lần!đo)!!
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
124
Giá!trị!trung!bình! :!
!
! ! ! ! Q–S!
!
!
Sai!số!tuyệt!đối!trong!mỗi!lần!đo!riêng!lẻ:! !
! œ6.!H[!1&'W1!*[.!12&),!A^)%! ! !
!
"!œ6.!H[!1&'W1!*[.!ΔhT!!Δh!Y! DΔh
DC
!!!!!!QcS!
!
"!œ6.!H[!1Ov),!*[.!ε
A
!ÒT!ε
A
!Y! Ò!!!!!!!!!!!!QŽS!
!
'
à
'Kết#quả#của#phép#đo:!! !A!=! !
±
!ΔA!hoặc!A!=! !
±
!!ε
A
!(ŸS!!
!Như!vậy,!cách!viết!kết!quả!phép!đo!trực!tiếp!như!sau:!!
!
-'Tính#giá#trị#trung#bình#A#theo#công#thức#(1)#'
-'Tính#các#sai#số#ΔA#và#ε
A"
%'theo#công#thức#(2)#hoặc#(3).#'
à
#Kết#quả#đo#được#viết#như#(4)#hoặc#(5).#'
o'Ví#dụ#1:!z3!*OK),!4?)%!=.m)!A.!•!";)7!16!$-!4j1!<&J!H6&T!!
! ! ! ! d
1!
Y!•7®Ÿmm!Δd
1!
Y!n7nnmm!!
! ! ! ! d
2!
Y!•7®¥mm!Δd
2!
Y!sn7n–mm!
! ! ! ! !d
3!
Y!•7®•mm!Δd
3!
Y!n7n–mm!!
! ! ! ! d
4!
Y!•7®®mm!Δd
4!
Y!sn7ncmm!!
•.R!12>!12&),!A^)%!$]6!*OK),!4?)%!=.m)!A.!"#T!!
Y•7®Ÿmm!!
œ6.!H[!1&'W1!*[.!12&),!A^)%!1?)%!*O\$!"#!!
Δd!Y! Y!n7n–mm!!
! Kết!quảT!d!Y!•7®Ÿyn7n–mm!!
o' Ví#dụ#2:!zt),!*ˆ),!%ˆ!ALG!,.@'!$-!1%6),!$%.6!)%¢!)%L1!"#!n7n–H!*(!*3!$%&!4‘!QXS!F63!*+),!$]6!G+1!
$3)!"U$C!pj1!<&J!Ÿ!";)!*3!1%K.!,.6)!$]6!G+1!F63!*+),!13#)!9%;)!)%O!H6&T!Ž7nnHi!Ž7cnHi!Ž7nnHi!Ž7cnHi!
Ž7nnH!QX%OK),!"M9!AJ),!S!!
Lần'đo''
–!
c!
Ž!
•!
Ÿ!
T'(s)''
Ž7nn!
Ž7cn!
Ž7nn!
Ž7cn!
Ž7nn!
pj1!<&J!X!¡!!
Hướng#dẫn!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Ÿ!";)!*3!)%O),!$%•!$-!c!,.R!12>!4%R$!)%6&C!!
! T=
!
Y
!
Ž7n•!H
.!
!
Þ
A
Þ
AD
ï
ï
ï
þ
ï
ï
ï
ý
ü
-=D
-=D
-=D
nn
22
11
AAA
................................
AAA
AAA
Þ
:AD
n
A...AA
A
n21
D+D+D
=D
AD
A
AD
A
A
4
77,874,876,875,8
d
+++
=
4
02,001,001,000,0 +++
5
20,3x200,3x3 +
!
!
n
A...AA
A
n21
+++
=
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
125
! Δ!YT
1!
!!
! œ6.!H[!1&'W1!*[.T!ΔX!Y !!
pj1!<&JT!X!Y!Ž7n•!y!n7––H!!
*#Lỗi#thí#sinh#hay#mắc#phải#là#quên#cộng#sai#số#dụng#cụ#ΔT
dc
#'
Vấn'đề'phát'sinh:!thường!th ì!người!ta! ko!đo!một!dao!động!toàn! phần!để!xác! định !chu!kỳ! vì!thời!gian!1!
chu!kỳ!khá!ngắn.!Để!tăng!độ!chính!xác!phép!đo!thì!người!ta!đo!một!lần!cỡ!10!dao!động!toàn!phần!rồi!từ!
đó!tính!chu!kỳ!dao!động.!Vấn!đề!là!sai!số!giờ!tính!thế!nào!ta?!Mục!sau!sẽ!giúp!các!bạn!giải!quyết!tình!
huống!này.!!
2.#Phép#đo#gián#tiếp:!!
o'Cụ#thể:#Ta#không#thể#đo#trực#tiếp#độ#cứng#của#lò#xo,#gia#tốc#trong# trư ờng,#bước#song…#mà#phải#
tính#thông#qua#đo#các#đại#lượng#trung#gian#x,#y,#z.(Bảng#2)!!
'
¶
'Chủ'yếu'gặp'trường'hợp'đại'lượng'cần'đo'gián'tiếp'có'dạng:'A= với'm,'n,'k'>0.''
trong!đó! A!là!đại!lượng!cần!đo!nhưng! lại!không!đo!trực!tiếp!được!(xem! bảng!2).!Các!đại!lượng!x,!y,! z!là!
các!đại!lượng!có!thể!đo!trực!tiếp.!!
!
¶
!CỤ#THỂ:#Để'tính'sai'số'tuyệt'đối'và'tương'đối'của'phép'đo'A,'các'em'hãy'làm'theo'các'
bước'sau:#'
*!Bước#1:!Tính!được!kết!quả!các!phép!đo!x,!y,!z!phần!1:!Phép!đo!trực!tiếp:!!
!
! Nghĩa!là!phải!có!tới!3!bảng!số!liệu!ứng!với!3!đại!lượng!x,!y,!z.!Nếu!làm!trắc!nghiệm!thì!riêng!làm!
bước!1!là!hết!n!phút!rùi,!thầy!khỏi!cần!nói!thêm!bước!2,!em!là!em!xác!định!đánh!lụi!!chứ!đang!làm!
thêm!bước!2!thì!người!ta!nộp!bài!mất!t iu.!Các!em!cứ!yên!tâm,!nếu!cho!loại!bài!tập!này!thế!nào!đề!cũng!
cho!sẵn!các!kết!quả!g!Y! !y°g!Y! !yÝ
x!
;!'!Y! y°'!Y! y!Ý
y!
;!b!Y! !y°b!Y! !yÝ
z!
.!!
*
'Bước#2:#'
! !+!Tính!giá!trị!trung!bình! :!! ! !!
! +!Tính!sai!số!tương!đối!ε
A
:
! !
!!
!! +!Sai!số!tuyệt!đối!°h:!Δh!Y!ε
A
C !!
*
!Bước!3:!Kết!quả:!! h!Y y°h!hoặc!h!Y y!Ý
A
!!
o'Ví#dụ#1:!z3!1[$!*+!12&':)!H-),!12m)!H\.!F@'!*#)!%ˆ.!AB),!$R$%!A[!12?!1%?!),%.WG!H63!$%3!$-!H-),!
F™),!12m)!H\.!F@'C!X;)!H[!H-),!%.()!1%>!12m)!GR'!9%R1!1;)!`!Y!–nnnab!y!–abC!z3!4%3J),!$R$%!,.I6!Ž!
)›1!H-),!".m)!1.j9!$%3!4j1!<&JT!F!Y!cn$G!y!n7–$GC!pj1!<&J!*3!=M)!1[$!=!"#!¡!!
Ø
'Hướng#dẫn#'
! lO/$!H-),!»!Y!F!Y!cn$G!y!n7–$G!!
! !=!cnnnn!$GdH!!
! Ý
v!
!Y! Y!n7¥Ò!!
s096,0
5
Tx2Tx3
T
s12,008,320,3T
s08,008,300,3T
21
2
1
=
D+D
=D
ï
þ
ï
ý
ü
=-=D
=-=D
s11,0s106,0s01,0s096,0TT
dc
»=+=D+D
k
nm
Z
yx
ï
ï
ï
î
ï
ï
ï
í
ì
D
=ee±=D±=
D
=ee±=D±=
D
=ee±=D±=
z
z
:voi,zzzz
y
y
:voi,yyyy
x
x
:voi,xxxx
zz
yy
xx
x
x
y
y
z
z
A
k
nm
z
yx
A =
zyxA
knm
z
z
k
y
y
n
x
x
m
A
A
e+e+e=
D
+
D
+
D
=
D
=e
A
A
A
f.v l=
f
f
v
v D
+
l
lD
=
D
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
126
! °=!Y!Ý
v
!Y!–cn!$GdH!!
! pj1!<&JT!=!Y!cnCnnn!y!–cn!Q$GdHS!%38$!=!Y!cnCnnn!$GdH!y!n7¥Ò!!
¶!X2OK),!%\9!*0.!"O\),!A!Y! 7!=/.!)!„!n!
! z@'!"#!12OK),!%\9!*ž!*:!$M9!N!º=L)!*:!9%R1!H.)%Ç!123),!G…$!ŽC–C!!
! z(!1?)%!*O\$!H6.!H[!1Ov),!*[.!$]6!h!16!"#G!)%O!H6&T!!
! s!Tính!E!Y! !y°E!Y! !y!Ý
L
!với!Ý
x!
Y
! !
!
! -!Khi!đó:! !và!Ý
A!
Y !Y!Ý
L!
Y! ! !
! Œ+1!H[!9%‡9!*3!1Ov),!˜),!=/.!12OK),!%\9!)#'T!!
! s!et),!*ˆ),!%ˆ!ALG!,.@'!*3!$%&!4‘!F63!*+),!$]6!$3)!"U$C!X%OK),!),OK.!16!*3!1%K.!,.6)!1!$]6!)!
F63!*+),!13#)!9%;)!2ˆ.!H&'!26!X!Y!1d)C!!
! !!=#!Ý
T
!Y! !Y! !
! s!et),!1%O/$!*3!AO/$!H-),!$]6!H-),!F™),!12m)!H\.!F@'!*#)!%ˆ.T!Z,OK.!16!1%OK),!*3!$%.:&!F#.!E!
$]6!)!AO/$!H-),!2ˆ.!H&'!26!»!Y!Ed)!!
! !!=#!Ý
λ
!Y! !Y! !
! s!et),!1%O/$!*3!4%3J),!=@)!,.63!1%36T!Z,OK.!16!1%OK),!*3!A:!2+),!E!$]6!)!4%3J),!=@)!2ˆ.!H&'!26!
.!Y!Ed)C!€%˜!–!4%3J),!=@)!,.63!1%36!$³!G+1!=#.!GG!1%^!$-!G#!*3!AB),!GU1!#¡!Q_[)!F—!)-!9%J.!*O\$!*3!
AB),!1%O/$S!!
! !!=#!Ý
i
!Y! !Y! !
! z&!F&!@)!*K!HK!1u)¡!!
3!Ví!dụ!2:!et),!1%?!),%.WG!,.63!1%36!4%u!Ø3&),!*(!*3!AO/$!H-),!$]6!G+1!A˜$!g0!*v)!HU$C!p%3J),!
$R$%!,.I6!%6.!4%u!HR),!œ–œc!*ž!*O\$!)%#!HJ)!g&L1!$%3!HÄ)!6!Y!cGG!y!–ÒC!pj1!<&J!*3!4%3J),!$R$%!1™!
G#)!<&6)!HR1!*j)!G81!9%}),!$%O6!%6.!4%u!"#!e!Y!cG!y!ŽÒC!z3!4%3J),!$R$%!,.I6!cn!=@)!HR),!".m)!1.j9!
"#!E!Y!¤7ŸGG!y!cÒC!pj1!<&J!*3!AO/$!H-),!»!Y!¡!!
Ø!Hướng!dẫn!!
! p%3J),!$R$%!,.I6!cn!=@)!HR),!".m)!1.j9!"#!–¤!4%3J),!=@)!Q$R.!)#'!G#!4%5),!*(!´!1%^!$3.!)%O!1.m&ST!
E!Y!–¤.!Þ!.!Y!Ed–¤!!
! ▪!•.R!12>!12&),!A^)%!$]6!.T! Y! !μGC!€-!$R.!)#'!1%^!G/.!1?)%!*O\$!,.R!12>!AO/$!H-),!
12&),!A^)%!#C!!
! lO/$!H-),!12&),!A^)%T! Y!n7ŸÉG!!
! œ6.!H[!1Ov),!*[.!$]6!AO/$!H-),T!Ý
λ
Y! !Y! D! D! Y! !D! D! !Y!Ý
a!
D!Ý
L
!D!Ý
D!
Y!¥Ò!!
=/.! !Y!! !Û!Ý
i
!Y!Ý
L
!!
! œ6.!H[!1&'W1!*[.!$]6!AO/$!H-),T!°»!Y!Ý
λ !
Y!¥ÒCn7ŸY!n7nŽÉG!!
! pj1!<&JT!»!Y!n7ŸÔG!y!¥Ò!%38$!»!Y!n7ŸÔG!y!n7nŽ!ÔG!!
IV.#SỐ#CHỨ#SỐ#CÓ#NGHĨA:#'
v
n
L
L
L
L
LD
n
L
A =
A
AD
L
LD
n
t
T =
T
TD
t
tD
n
l
=l
l
lD
L
LD
n
L
i =
i
iD
L
LD
19
L
i =
5,0
19
5,9
=
2
5,0.2
D
i.a
==l
l
lD
a
aD
i
iD
D
DD
a
aD
L
LD
D
DD
i
iD
L
LD
l
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
127
Định#nghĩa:!Chữ!số!có!nghĩa!là!những!chữ!số!(kể!cả!chữ!số!0)!tính!từ!trái!sang!phải!kể!từ!chữ!số!khác!
không!đầu!tiên.!!
! Œ8$!Ft!*>)%!),%—6!12m)!"#!$-!),%—67!)%O),!4%5),!$-!),%—6!"#!$R$!A0)!*†$!g3),!*>)%!),%—6!12m)!H“!
%.(&!1%j!)#3!"#!H[!$%I!H[!$-!),%—6¡¡¡!!
! X[1!)%L1!"#!4.m)!)%¹)!*†$!1.j9!=?!F…!G.)%!%†6C!!
! •.J!HŠ!H6.!H[!1&'W1!*[.!%38$!1Ov),!*[.!$]6!G+1!*0.!"O\),!h!)#3!*-!)%M)!G+1!123),!$R$!,.R!12>!H6&T!!
! D!n79®T!$%I!H[!4%R$!4%5),!*;&!1.m)!15!G#&!*¢!.)!đậm!D!,0$%!$%@)T!→!$-!c!$%I!H[!$-!),%—6!!
! D!n7nn9®T!$%I!H[!4%R$!4%5),!*;&!1.m)!15!G#&!*¢!.)!đậm!D!,0$%!$%@)!→!$-!c!$%I!H[!$-!),%—6!!
! D!27n–ŸT!$%I!H[!4%R$!4%5),!*;&!1.m)!15!G#&!*¢!.)!đậm!D!,0$%!$%@)!→!$-!•!$%I!H[!$-!),%—6!Q9%J.!
1?)%!$J!$%I!H[!n!*B),!H6&S!!
! D!n7n6¥¤T!$%I!H[!4%R$!4%5),!*;&!1.m)!15!G#&!*¢!.)!đậm!D!,0$%!$%@)!→!$-!Ž!$%I!H[!$-!),%—6!Q$%I!
H[!"89!"0.!$P),!9%J.!1?)%S!!
! D!!97n¥n¤T!$%I!H[!4%R$!4%5),!*;&!1.m)!15!G#&!*¢!.)!đậm!D!,0$%!$%@)!→!$-!Ÿ!$%I!H[!$-!),%—6!!
! _M'!4%.!gR$!*>)%!H[!$%I!H[!$-!),%—6!1%^!*™),!<&6)!1@G!FL&!9%¼'!º7ÇC!X23),!*>)%!),%—6!$P),!4%5),!
".m)!<&6)!*j)!FL'!9%¼'!C!!
C.'MỘT#SỐ#BÀI#THÌ#NGHIỆM#LỚP#12:#'
Bài'thực'hành'số'1:'
XÁC'ĐỊNH'CHU'KÌ'DAO'ĐỘNG'CỦA'CON'LẮC'ĐƠN'VÀ'ĐO'GIA'TỐC'TRỌNG'TRƯỜNG'
I.'' Dụng'cụ'thí'nghiệm''
! –C!zj!A6!$%@)!AB),!HU17!$-!%W!=?1!$%•)%!$@)!AB),C!!
! cC!•.R!*³!AB),!)%5G7!$63!®Ÿ$G7!$-!1%6)%!),6),!12u3!$3)!"U$C!!
! ŽC!X%O/$!1%}),!F#.!®nn!GG!,U)!12m)!,.R!*³C!!
! •C!§f),!2†$!AB),!)%V67!*OK),!4?)%!e!Ÿ!$G7!$-!4%&),!*³!12…$!<&6'C!!
! ŸC!e@'!12u3!GJ)%7!4%5),!Fž)7!F#.!®n!$GC!!
! ¥C!€R$!!<&J!)8),!$-!G-$!12u3C!!
! ®C!€w),!<&6),!*.W)!%ˆ),!),30.7!F@'!)[.!=#!,.U$!$UG!Ÿ!$%@)C!!
! •C!zˆ),!%ˆ!*3!1%K.!,.6)!%.W)!H[7!$-!%6.!1%6),!*3!¤7¤¤¤!H!=#!¤¤7¤¤!HC!!
¤C!X%O/$!*3!,-$C!!
II.'' TIẾN'HÀNH'THÍ'NGHIỆM''
'Lưu#ý':''
! -!Cổng!quang!nối!với!ổ!cắm!A,!Máy!đo!thời!gian!:!chọn!Mode!T,!độ!
chính!xác!1/1000sC!!
! s!œ6&!G•.!1%63!1R$!1%&!1%M9!H[!".W&!$;)!9%J.!*O6!*ˆ),!%ˆ!=:!120),!
1%R.!$%•!H[!n!Q)%L)!)›1!§uHu1SC!!
! s!X%63!1R$!1%J!$3)!"U$!$;)!F˜1!4%3R1C!!
! s!€;)!4‡3!$3)!"U$!26!=/.!G+1!,-$!)%¢!=#!,%.!,.R!12>!$]6!,-$!)#'!
! s!€˜!G•.!";)!*jG!"#!–dcXC!
1.!Chu!kỳ!con!lắc!có!phụ!thuộc!vào!biên!độ!dao!động!T!!
! œ6&!4%.!"U9!2R9!1%?!),%.WG!16!1.j)!%#)%!)%O!H6&T!!
! "!€%†)!<&J!)8),!Ÿn,!12u3!=#3!,.R!!
! "!z.:&!$%•)%!$%.:&!F#.!$3)!"U$!4%3J),!Ÿn!$GC!!
! "!p‡3!26!4%¢.!9%Ov),!1%}),!*˜),!G+1!A.m)!*+!4%3J),!Ž!$G!!
! "!{&6)!HR1!*ˆ),!%ˆ!=#!*jG!4%3J),!–n!F63!*+),!13#)!9%;)C!œ6&!*-7!
,%.!X!=#3!AJ),C!!
! E89!"0.!1%?!),%.WG!c!·!Ž!";)!=/.!$R$!A.m)!*+!4%R$!)%6&!Q,.I!),&'m)!G7!lS!!
2.!Chu!kỳ!con!lắc!có!phụ!thuộc!vào!khối!lượng!m!của!quả!nặng!T!!
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
128
! XOv),!1V!)%O!12m)7!)%O),!123),!1%?!),%.WG!)#'!16!,.I!),&'m)!h7!l!1%6'!*w.!4%[.!"O\),!G!QŸn,i!
–nn,i!–Ÿn,SC!!
3.!Chu!kỳ!con!lắc!có!phụ!thuộc!vào!chiều!dài!con!lắc!T!!
! •.[),!1%?!),%.WG!c7!";)!)#'!16!1%6'!*w.!$%.:&!F#.!$]6!$3)!"U$!=#!,.I!),&'m)!G7!A.m)!*+!F63!*+),'
III.#KẾT#QUẢ:#'
! D!Gia!tốc!trọng!trường!tại!nơi!làm!thí!nghiệm:!(sử!dụng!bảng!3!để!tính)!!
Giá!trị!trung!bình:! =!.......!
! -!Sai!số!tuyệt!đối:!Δg!≈! =!......!
! -!Kết!quả!phép!đo:!g!=! ± Δg = .........± .................m/s
2
!
!!
Bài'thực'hành'số'2'
KHẢO'SÁT'ĐOẠN'MẠCH'XOAY'CHIỀU'CÓ'R,'L,'C'MẮC'NỐI'TIẾP''
DỤNG'CỤ'THÍ'NGHIỆM'
!!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
–C! a+9! F…),! $…! ,ˆG! AJ),!
G0$%! *.W)! "U9! HÄ)!$t),!$R$!
".)%!4.W)T!$&+)!F@'7!1…!*.W)7!*.W)!12N!$t),!$R$!F@'!)[.C!!
cC!l+!),&ˆ)!g36'!$%.:&C!!
ŽC!zˆ),!%ˆ!*3!*.W)!*6!)š),!%.W)!H[!eX¤cnŸhC!!
!!
Bài'thực'hành'số'3'
XÁC'ĐỊNH'BƯỚC'SÓNG'ÁNH'SÁNG'
I.'DỤNG'CỤ'THÍ'NGHIỆM!dùng!đèn!laze!bán!dẫn!!
–C!zÊ)!"6bu!AR)!F¹)!–!÷!Ÿ!ŒÙ!!
cC!XLG!$%˜6!4%u!Øs@),!,ˆG!c!4%u!%²97!H3),!H3),7!$R$%!)%6&!6!Y!n7•!GG!!
ŽC!Œ#)!J)%!•!%˜),!=@)!,.63!1%36!!
•C!€R$!*j!*(!*81!*Ê)7!1LG!$%˜6!4%u!Øs@),!=#!G#)!%˜),!=@)!,.63!1%36!!
ŸC!X%O/$!$&+)!$%.6!*j)!G.".Gu1C!!
¥C!Z,&ˆ)!g36'!$%.:&C!!
II.#CÁC'BƯỚC'TIẾN'HÀNH'THÍ'NGHIỆM''
6S!Bước!1.!€[!*>)%!*Ê)!"6bu!=#!1LG!$%˜6!4%u!Øs@),!"m)!,.R!*³!!
2
2
T
l4
g
p
=
ú
û
ù
ê
ë
é
D
+
D
T
T
.2
l
l
g
max
g
!
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
129
D!Z[.!*Ê)!=#3!),&ˆ)!*.W)!g36'!$%.:&!ccn_!=#!*.:&!$%•)%!1LG!$%˜6!4%u!Øs@),!H63!$%3!$%tG!1.6!"6bu!
9%R1!26!1™!*Ê)!$%.j&!*:&!=#3!4%u!Øs@),!4‡9C!!
! D!z81!G#)!%˜),!=@)!H3),!H3),!=#!$R$%!1LG!$%˜6!4%u!Ø@),!4‡9!4%3J),!–G!*(!"#G!g&L1!%.W)!12m)!
G#)!%W!=@)!,.63!1%36!2¿!)‡1C!!
! D!et),!1%O/$!*3!4%3J),!$R$%!e
1
!1™!4%u!Øs@),!1/.!G#)!=#!4%3J),!$R$%!l
1
!,.I6!¥!=@)!HR),!%38$!¥!
=@)!1[.!".m)!1.j9C!z.:)!$R$!,.R!12>!e
1
7!l
1
!=#3!AJ),!H[!".W&!–C!!
! D!X?)%7!,%.!=#3!AJ),!H[!".W&!4%3J),!=@)!i
1
!Y! =#!AO/$!H-),!R)%!HR),!"6bu!1%u3!$5),!1%˜$!λ!Y! !!
AS!Bước!2.!E89!"0.!AO/$!1%?!),%.WG!12m)!˜),!=/.!%6.!,.R!12>!e!"/)!%v)!e
1
!AB),!$R$%!F>$%!$%&'()!G#)!
%˜),!=@)!,.63!1%36!!
! D!X?)%! Δλ!!,%.!$R$!4j1!<&J!1%&!*O\$!=#3!AJ),!H[!".W&!–!!
Bảng#1:#Xác#định#bước#sóng#ánh#sáng#laze'
s!p%3J),!$R$%!,.I6!%6.!4%uT!6YÀÀÀÀCyÀÀÀCQGGS!!
s!z+!$%?)%!gR$!$]6!1%O/$!GGT! !YÀÀÀÀÀÀÀCCQGGS!!
s!œ[!4%3J),!=@)!*R)%!FL&T!)!Y!ÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀ!!
!
E;)!1%?!),%.WG!
e!QGGS!
L!QGGS!
.!Y! !QGGS!
λ!Y! !QGGS!
–!
!!
!!
!!
!!
c!
!!
!!
!!
!!
Ž!
!!
!!
!!
!!
X2&),!A^)%!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
! D!X?)%! Δλ Ft),!$R$!$5),!1%˜$T!!
! ▪! !
! ▪!Δλ!Y! !
! ▪!λ!Y! y!Δλ!
# D.#BÀI!TẬP!TỰ!LUYỆN:!!
Câu 1. pj1!<&J!H6.!H[!1&'W1!*[.!$]6!G+1!9%‡9!*3!"#!n7n¥n¤C!œ[!$%I!H[!$-!),%—6!"#!!
' A.'–!! B.'c!! C.'•!! D.#Ž!!
Câu 2. pj1!<&J!H6.!H[!1&'W1!*[.!$]6!G+1!9%‡9!*3!"#!n7cnn–C!œ[!$%I!H[!$-!),%—6!"#!!
' A.'–!! B.'c!! C.#•!! D.'Ž!!
Câu 3. pj1!<&J!H6.!H[!1&'W1!*[.!$]6!G+1!9%‡9!*3!"#!–7ncC!œ[!$%I!H[!$-!),%—6!"#!!
' A.'Ž!! B.'c!! C.'•!! D.'–!!
Câu 4. z(!*3!"V$!4‡3!=:!$V$!*0.!$]6!G+1!"f!g3!F63!*+),!=/.!A.m)!*+!h!16!$%•!$;)!Ft),!F…),!$…!*3!"#!!
' A.'X%O/$!G‡1!! B.#EV$!4j!! C.'zˆ),!%ˆ!! D.'€@)!!
Câu 5. €%3!$3)!"U$!"f!g3!*81!10.!)v.!$-!,.6!1[$!12†),!12OK),!*ž!A.j1C!l+!F…),!$…!4%5),!1%(!Ft),!*(!*3!
*+!$˜),!$]6!"f!g3!"#!!
' A.'1%O/$!=#!$@)!! B.'"V$!4j!=#!1%O/$!! C.'*ˆ),!%ˆ!=#!$@)!! D.#"V$!4j!=#!$@)!!
Câu 6. z(!*3!AO/$!H-),!$]6!A˜$!g0!*v)!HU$!123),!1%?!),%.WG!,.63!1%36!4%u!Ø!@),7!16!$%•!$;)!Ft),!F…),!
$…!*3!"#!!
' A.'1%O/$!! B.'$@)!! C.')%.W1!4j!! D.'*ˆ),!%ˆ!!
Câu 7. z(!*3!$5),!H&L1!1.m&!1%…!12&),!A^)%!12m)!*30)!G0$%!$%•!$-!*.W)!12N!1%&;)7!16!$;)!Ft),!F…),!$…!
*3!"#!!
' A.'$%•!hG9u!4j!! B.'$%•!_5)!4j!! C.#hG9u!4j!=#!_5)!4j!! D.'¨9!4j!!
5
l
1
D
a.i
,l
5
l
D
a.i
,l
......
3
321
=
l+l+l
=l
......
2
minmax
=
l-l
l
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
130
Câu 8. z(!*3!,.6!1[$!12†),!12OK),!FV6!=#3!F63!*+),!$]6!$3)!"U$!*v)7!16!$;)!Ft),!F…),!$…!*3!"#!!
' A.'$%•!*ˆ),!%ˆ!! B.#*ˆ),!%ˆ!=#!1%O/$!! C.'$@)!=#!1%O/$!! D.'$%•!1%O/$!!
Câu 9. z(!*3!,.6!1[$!12†),!12OK),!12&),!A^)%!10.!G+1!=>!12?!Q4%5),!'m&!$;&!gR$!*>)%!H6.!H[S7!),OK.!16!
Ft),!A+!F…),!$…!,ˆG!$3)!"U$!*v)i!,.R!12u3i!1%O/$!*3!$%.:&!F#.i!*ˆ),!%ˆ!ALG!,.@'C!Z,OK.!16!9%J.!1%V$!
%.W)!$R$!AO/$T!!
!! 6C!X2u3!$3)!"U$!"m)!,.R!10.!)v.!$;)!gR$!*>)%!,.6!1[$!12†),!12OK),!,!!
! AC!et),!*ˆ),!%ˆ!ALG!F@'!*(!*3!1%K.!,.6)!$]6!G+1!F63!*+),!13#)!9%;)!*(!1?)%!*O\$!$%&!4‘!X7!"89!
"0.!9%‡9!*3!Ÿ!";)!!
! $C!p?$%!1%?$%!$%3!=M1!F63!*+),!)%¢!!
! FC!et),!1%O/$!*3!Ÿ!";)!$%.:&!F#.!l!$]6!F@'!12u3!1™!*.(G!12u3!1/.!1@G!=M1!!
! uC!œŠ!F…),!$5),!1%˜$!,!Y!•π
2
!*(!1?)%!,.6!1[$!12†),!12OK),!12&),!A^)%!10.!G+1!=>!12?!*-!!
! `C!X?)%!,.R!12>!12&),!A^)%! !=#! !
!Sắp!xếp!theo!thứ!tự!đúng!các!bước!trên!!
' A.'67!A7!$7!F7!u7!`!! B.#67!F7!$7!A7!`7!u!! C.'67!$7!A7!F7!u7!`!! D.'67!$7!F7!A7!`7!u!!
Câu 10. z(!*3!$5),!H&L1!1.m&!1%…!12&),!A^)%!12m)!*.W)!12N!12m)!G+1!G0$%!GU$!)[.!1.j9!Q$%O6!"U9!HÄ)S!
,ˆG!*.W)!12N!§7!$&+)!F@'!1%&;)!$JG!=#!1…!*.W)7!),OK.!16!Ft),!1%mG!–!AJ),!G0$%!i!–!),&ˆ)!*.W)!g36'!
$%.:&!i!–!6G9u!4j!i!–!=5)!4j!=#!1%V$!%.W)!$R$!AO/$!H6&!!
! 6C!)[.!),&ˆ)!*.W)!=/.!AJ),!G0$%!!
! AC!"U9!*.W)!12N7!$&+)!F@'7!1…!*.W)!GU$!)[.!1.j9!12m)!AJ),!G0$%!!
!! $C!AM1!$5),!1U$!),&ˆ)!! !
!! FC!GU$!6G9u!4j!)[.!1.j9!=/.!*30)!G0$%!!
! uC!"U9!=5)!4j!H3),!H3),!%6.!*;&!*.W)!12N!
!! `C!*†$!,.R!12>!12m)!=5)!4j!=#!6G9u!4j!,C!1?)%!$5),!H&L1!1.m&!1%…!12&),!A^)%!!
Sắp!xếp!theo!thứ!tự!đúng!các!bước!trên!!
' A.'67!$7!A7!F7!u7!`7!,!! B.'67!$7!`7!A7!F7!u7!,!! C.'A7!F7!u7!`7!67!$7!,!! D.#A7!F7!u7!67!$7!`7!,!!
Câu 11. Œ+1!%†$!H.)%!Ft),!*ˆ),!%ˆ!ALG!,.@'!*(!*3!$%&!4‘!F63!*+),!*.:&!%f6!X!$]6!G+1!=M1!AB),!$R$%!
*3!1%K.!,.6)!G•.!F63!*+),C!l6!";)!*3!$%3!4j1!<&J!1%K.!,.6)!$]6!G•.!F63!*+),!";)!"O\1!"#!c7nnHi!c7nŸHi!
c7nnH!i!c7nŸHi!c7nŸHC!X%6),!$%.6!)%¢!)%L1!$]6!*ˆ),!%ˆ!"#!n7n–HC!pj1!<&J!$]6!9%‡9!*3!$%&!4‘!*O\$!A.(&!
F.”)!AB),!!
' A.'X!Y!c7ncŸ!y!n7nc•!QHS!! B.'X!Y!c7nŽn!y!n7nc•!QHS!!
' C.'X!Y!c7ncŸ!y!n7nc•!QHS!! D.#X!Y!c7nŽn!y!n7nŽ•!QHS!!
Câu 12. Œ+1!%†$!H.)%!"#G!1%?!),%.WG!*3!$%&!4‘!F63!*+),!$]6!$3)!"U$!*v)C!et),!*ˆ),!%ˆ!ALG!,.@'!*3!Ÿ!
";)!1%K.!,.6)!–n!*63!*+),!13#)!9%;)!";)!"O\1!"#!–Ÿ7•ŸHi!–Ÿ7–nHi!–Ÿ7•¥Hi!–Ÿ7cŸHi!–Ÿ7ŸnHC!l¢!<&6!H6.!H[!
F…),!$…C!pj1!<&J!$%&!4‘!F63!*+),!"#!!
' A.'–Ÿ7•Ž!QHS!y!n7c–Ò!! ' B.'–7Ÿ•!QHS!y!–7Ž•Ò!! !
' C.'–Ÿ7•Ž!QHS!y!–7Ž•Ò!! ' D.'–7Ÿ•!QHS!y!n7c–Ò!!
Câu 13. Œ+1!%†$!H.)%!"#G!1%?!),%.WG!*3!,.6!1[$!12†),!12OK),!FV6!=#3!F63!*+),!$]6!$3)!"U$!*v)C!et),!
*ˆ),!%ˆ!ALG!,.@'!*3!1%K.!,.6)!–n!*63!*+),!13#)!9%;)!=#!1?)%!*O\$!4j1!<&J!1!Y!cn7–nc!y!n7c¥¤!QHSC!
et),!1%O/$!*3!$%.:&!F#.!F@'!12u3!=#!1?)%!*O\$!4j1!<&J!E!Y!–!y!n7nn–QGSC!EL'!£
2
Y–n!=#
!
A¢!<&6!H6.!H[!
$]6!H[!9.!Q£SC!pj1!<&J!,.6!1[$!12†),!12OK),!10.!)v.!*81!$3)!"U$!*v)!"#!!
' A.'¤7•¤¤!QGdH
2
S!y!–7•Ž•Ò!! B.'¤7¤••!QGdH
2
S!y!–7•Ž•Ò!!
# C.#¤7•¤¤!QGdH
2
S!y!c7®®¥Ò!! D.#¤7¤••!QGdH
2
S!y!c7®®¥Ò!!
Câu 14. Œ+1!%†$!H.)%!"#G!1%?!),%.WG!*3!,.6!1[$!12†),!12OK),!FV6!=#3!F63!*+),!$]6!$3)!"U$!*v)C!et),!
*ˆ),!%ˆ!ALG!,.@'!*3!1%K.!,.6)!–n!*63!*+),!13#)!9%;)!=#!1?)%!*O\$!4j1!<&J!1!Y!cn7–nc!y!n7c¥¤!QHSC!
2
T
l
l
T
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
131
et),!1%O/$!*3!$%.:&!F#.!F@'!12u3!=#!1?)%!*O\$!4j1!<&J!E!Y!–!y!n7nn–QGSC!EL'!£
2
Y–n!=#
!
A¢!<&6!H6.!H[!
$]6!H[!9.!Q£SC!pj1!<&J!,.6!1[$!12†),!12OK),!10.!)v.!*81!$3)!"U$!*v)!"#!!
' A.'¤7•¤¤!QGdH
2
S!y!n7–•c!QGdH
2
S!! B.'¤7¤••!QGdH
2
S!y!n7–••!QGdH
2
S!!
!# C.#¤7•¤¤!QGdH
2
S!y!n7c®Ÿ!QGdH
2
S!! D.'¤7¤••!QGdH
2
S!y!n7c®®!QGdH
2
S!!
Câu 15. Œ+1!%†$!H.)%!Ft),!$@)!=#!*ˆ),!%ˆ!ALG!,.@'!*(!*3!*+!$˜),!$]6!"f!g3C!et),!$@)!*(!$@)!=M1!)8),!
=#!$%3!4j1!<&J!4%[.!"O\),!G!Y!–nn,!y!cÒC!•U)!=M1!=#3!"f!g3!=#!4?$%!1%?$%!$%3!$3)!"U$!F63!*+),!2ˆ.!
Ft),!*ˆ),!%ˆ!ALG!,.@'!*3!1%K.!,.6)!1!$]6!G+1!F63!*+),7!4j1!<&J!1!Y!cH!y!–ÒC!l¢!<&6!H6.!H[!$]6!H[!9.!
Q£SC!œ6.!H[!1Ov),!*[.!$]6!9%‡9!*3!*+!$˜),!"f!g3!"#!!
' A.'•Ò!! B.'cÒ!! C.'ŽÒ!! D.'–Ò!!
Câu 16. z(!*3!1[$!*+!12&':)!H-),!=!12m)!G+1!H\!F@'!*#)!%ˆ.!hl7!),OK.!16!)[.!*;&!h!=#3!G+1!),&ˆ)!F63!
*+),!$-!1;)!H[!`!Y!–nn!QabS!y!n7ncÒC!z;&!l!*O\$!,U)!$[!*>)%C!Z,OK.!16!*3!4%3J),!$R$%!,.I6!%6.!*.(G!
12m)!F@'!,;)!)%L1!4%5),!F63!*+),!=/.!4j1!<&J!F!Y!n7nc!QGS!y!n7•cÒC!X[$!*+!12&':)!H-),!12m)!H\.!F@'!
hl!"#!!
' A.'=!Y!cQGdHS!y!n7••Ò!! ' B.'=!Y!•QGdHS!y!n7n–¥Ò!! !
! C.#=!Y!•QGdHS!y!n7••Ò!! ' D.'=!Y!cQGdHS!y!n7n–¥Ò!!
Câu 17. z(!*3!1[$!*+!12&':)!H-),!=!12m)!G+1!H\!F@'!*#)!%ˆ.!hl7!),OK.!16!)[.!*;&!h!=#3!G+1!),&ˆ)!F63!
*+),!$-!1;)!H[!`!Y!–nn!QabS!y!n7ncÒC!z;&!l!*O\$!,U)!$[!*>)%C!Z,OK.!16!*3!4%3J),!$R$%!,.I6!%6.!*.(G!
12m)!F@'!,;)!)%L1!4%5),!F63!*+),!=/.!4j1!<&J!F!Y!n7nc!QGS!y!n7•cÒC!X[$!*+!12&':)!H-),!12m)!H\.!F@'!
hl!"#!!
' A.'=!Y!cQGdHS!y!n7nc!QGdHS!' B.'=!Y!•QGdHS!y!n7n–!QGdHS!! !
! C.#=!Y!•QGdHS!y!n7nŽ!QGdHS!! D.'=!Y!cQGdHS!y!n7n•!QGdHS!!
Câu 18. Œ+1!%†$!H.)%!"#G!1%?!),%.WG!*3!AO/$!H-),!$]6!),&ˆ)!HR),!AB),!1%?!),%.WG!4%u!Ø3&),C!•.R!12>!
12&),!A^)%!=#!H6.!H[!1&'W1!*[.!$]6!9%‡9!*3!4%3J),!$R$%!%6.!4%u!HR),!"#! =#!Δai!•.R!12>!12&),!A^)%!=#!
H6.!H[!1&'W1!*[.!$]6!9%‡9!*3!4%3J),!$R$%!1™!G81!9%}),!$%˜6!%6.!4%u!*j)!G#)!*3!*O\$!"#! !=#!ΔDi!
•.R!12>!12&),!A^)%!=#!H6.!H[!1&'W1!*[.!$]6!9%‡9!*3!4%3J),!=@)!"#! !=#!Δ.C!pj1!<&J!H6.!H[!1Ov),!*[.!$]6!
9%‡9!*3!AO/!$!H-),!*O\$!1?)%!!
' A.'εQÒS!Y! C–nnÒ!! B.'εQÒS!Y!QΔa + Δi + ΔD)!C–nnÒ!!
!
#
C.
#
εQÒS!Y!QΔ6!D!Δ.!s!ΔeSC–nnÒ! D.#εQÒS!Y! C–nnÒ!!
Câu 19. Œ+1! %†$! H.)%! "#G! 1%?! ),%.WG! *3! AO/$! H-),! $]6! ),&ˆ)! HR),! AB),! 1%?! ),%.WG! 4%u! Ø3&),C!
p%3J),!$R$%!%6.!4%u!HR),!"#!–7nn!y!n7nŸ!QGGSC!p%3J),!$R$%!1™!G81!9%}),!$%˜6!%6.!4%u!*j)!G#)!*3!
*O\$!"#!cnnn!y!–7Ÿ•!QGGSi!4%3J),!$R$%!–n!=@)!HR),!".m)!1.j9!*3!*O\$!"#!–n7•n!y!n7–•!QGGSC!pj1!<&J!
AO/$!H-),!AB),!!
' A.'n7¥n!μG!y!¥7Ž®Ò!! B.'n7Ÿ•!μG!y!¥7ccÒ!! C.'n7Ÿ•!μG!y!¥7Ž®Ò!! D.'n7¥μG!y!¥7ccÒ!!
Câu 20. Œ+1! %†$! H.)%! "#G! 1%?! ),%.WG! *3! AO/$! H-),! $]6! ),&ˆ)! HR),! AB),! 1%?! ),%.WG! 4%u! Ø3&),C!
p%3J),!$R$%!%6.!4%u!HR),!"#!–7nn!y!n7nŸ!QGGSC!p%3J),!$R$%!1™!G81!9%}),!$%˜6!%6.!4%u!*j)!G#)!*3!
*O\$!"#!cnnn!y!–7Ÿ•!QGGSi!4%3J),!$R$%!–n!=@)!HR),!".m)!1.j9!*3!*O\$!"#!–n7•n!y!n7–•!QGGSC!pj1!<&J!
AO/$!H-),!AB),!!
' A.'n7¥nnμG!y!n7nŽ•μG!! ' B.'n7Ÿ•nμG!y!n7nŽ•μG!!
' C.'n7Ÿ•nμG!y!n7nŽ•μG!' ' D.'n7¥nnμG!y!n7nŽ•μG!!
Câu 21. Qzacn–•S!€R$!1%63!1R$!$v!AJ)!4%.!HŠ!F…),!*ˆ),!%ˆ!*6!)š),!%.W)!H[!Q%^)%!=“S!
*(!*3!*.W)!R9!g36'!$%.:&!$³!–cn!_!,ˆGT!!
! 6C!Z%L)!)›1!kZ!k‰‰!*(!AM1!),&ˆ)!$]6!*ˆ),!%ˆC!!
! AC!€%3!%6.!*;&!*3!$]6!%6.!F@'!*3!1.j9!g›$!=/.!%6.!*;&!*30)!G0$%!$;)!*3!*.W)!R9C!!
! $C!_8)!*;&!*R)%!FL&!$]6!)›G!g36'!1/.!$%LG!$-!,%.!cnn7!123),!=t),!h€_C!!
a
D
i
÷
ø
ö
ç
è
æ
D
-
D
+
D
D
D
i
i
a
a
÷
ø
ö
ç
è
æ
D
+
D
+
D
D
D
i
i
a
a
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
132
! FC!€UG!%6.!*;&!)[.!$]6!%6.!F@'!*3!=#3!%6.!w!€kŒ!=#!_ΩC!!
! uC!€%K!$%3!$R$!$%I!H[!w)!*>)%7!*†$!12>!H[!$]6!*.W)!R9C!!
! ,C!pj1!1%›$!$R$!1%63!1R$!*37!)%L)!)›1!kZ!k‰‰!*(!1U1!),&ˆ)!$]6!*ˆ),!%ˆC!X%˜!1V!*›),!$R$!1%63!1R$!
"#!!
' A.'67!A7!F7!$7!u7!,C!! ' B.'$7!F7!67!A7!u7!,C!!
!' C.'F7!67!A7!$7!u7!,C!! ' D.'F7!A7!67!$7!u7!,!!
Câu 22. Œ+1!%†$!H.)%!Ft),!$@)!=#!*ˆ),!%ˆ!ALG!,.@'!*(!*3!*+!$˜),!$]6!"f!g3C!et),!$@)!*(!$@)!=M1!)8),!
=#!$%3!4j1!<&J!4%[.!"O\),!G!Y!–nn,!y!cÒC!•U)!=M1!=#3!"f!g3!=#!4?$%!1%?$%!$%3!$3)!"U$!F63!*+),!2ˆ.!
Ft),!*ˆ),!%ˆ!ALG!,.@'!*3!1%K.!,.6)!1!$]6!G+1!F63!*+),7!4j1!<&J!1!Y!cH!y!–ÒC!l¢!<&6!H6.!H[!$]6!H[!9.!
Q£SC!œ6.!H[!1Ov),!*[.!$]6!9%‡9!*3!*+!$˜),!"f!g3!"#!!
' A.'•Ò!! B.'cÒ!! C.'ŽÒ!! D.'–Ò!!
Câu 23. C!Œ+1!%†$!H.)%!1.j)!%#)%!1%?!),%.WG!*3!AO/$!H-),!R)%!HR),!AB),!9%Ov),!9%R9!,.63!1%36!4%u!
Øs@),C!a†$!H.)%!*-!*3!*O\$!4%3J),!$R$%!%6.!4%u!6!Y!–7c!y!n7nŽ!QGGSi!4%3J),!$R$%!1™!%6.!4%u!1/.!G#)!
e!Y!–7¥!y!n7nŸ!QGS!=#!*+!2+),!$]6!–n!4%3J),!=@)!E!Y!•7nn!y!n7–¥!QGGSC!œ6.!H[!1Ov),!*[.!$]6!9%‡9!*3!
"#!!
' A.' d!Y!–7¥Ò!! B.'d!Y!®7¥ŽÒ!! C.'d!Yn7¤¥ÒC!! D.'d!Y!Ÿ7•ŽÒ!!
Câu 24. et),!G+1!1%O/$!$%.6!*+!*j)!G.".Gu1!*3!4%3J),!$R$%!F!,.I6!%6.!*.(G!h!=#!l7!$J!Ÿ!";)!*3!*:&!
$%3!$t),!,.R!12>!"#!–7Ž•Ÿ!GC!EL'!H6.!H[!F…),!$…!"#!G+1!*+!$%.6!)%¢!)%L1C!pj1!<&J*3!*O\$!=.j1!"#!!
' A.'F!Y!Q–Ž•Ÿ!y!cS!GGC! !! B.'F!Y!Q–7Ž•Ÿ!y!n7nn–S!GC!!
' C.'F!Y!Q–Ž•Ÿ!y!ŽS!GGC!! ' D.'F!Y!Q–7Ž•Ÿn!y!n7nnnŸS!GC!!
!!
!!
!
!
!
!
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
133
Mục#lục:#
LỜI NÓI ĐẦU ................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHƯƠNG I: DAO ĐỘNG CƠ .......................................................................................................................... 1
CHỦ ĐỀ 1. ĐẠI CƯƠNG VỀ DAO ĐỘNG ĐIỀU HÒA ................................................................................... 1
A. LÝ THUYẾT: .................................................................................................................................................. 1
B. TRẮC NGHIỆM: ............................................................................................................................................. 4
CHỦ ĐỀ 2. CON LẮC LÒ XO ............................................................................................................................ 8
A. LÝ THUYẾT ................................................................................................................................................... 8
B. TRẮC NGHIỆM: ........................................................................................................................................... 10
CHỦ ĐỀ 3: CON LẮC ĐƠN ............................................................................................................................. 13
A. LÝ THUYẾT: ................................................................................................................................................ 13
B. TRẮC NGHIỆM: ........................................................................................................................................... 14
CHỦ ĐỀ 4: DAO ĐỘNG TẮT DẦN - DAO ĐỘNG DUY TRÌ - DAO ĐỘNG CƯỠNG BỨC - HIỆN
TƯỢNG CỘNG HƯỞNG .................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
A. LÝ THUYẾT: ................................................................................................................................................ 16
B. TRẮC NGHIỆM: ........................................................................................................................................... 18
CHỦ ĐỀ 5: TỔNG HỢP HAI DAO ĐỘNG ĐIỀU HÒA CÙNG PHƯƠNG CÙNG TẦN SỐ ........................ 20
A. LÝ THUYẾT: ................................................................................................................................................ 20
B. TRẮC NGHIỆM ............................................................................................................................................ 21
CHƯƠNG II. SÓNG CƠ VÀ SÓNG ÂM ....................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHỦ ĐỀ 1: SÓNG CƠ-SỰ TRUYỀN SÓNG ................................................................................................... 23
A. LÝ THUYẾT: ................................................................................................................................................ 23
B. TRẮC NGHIỆM: ........................................................................................................................................... 25
CHỦ ĐỀ 2: GIAO THOA SÓNG – SÓNG DỪNG ........................................................................................... 28
A. LÝ THUYẾT : ............................................................................................................................................... 28
B. TRẮC NGHIỆM: ........................................................................................................................................... 30
CHỦ ĐỀ 3: SÓNG ÂM ...................................................................................................................................... 33
A. LÝ THUYẾT : ............................................................................................................................................... 33
B. TRẮC NGHIỆM: ........................................................................................................................................... 35
CHƯƠNG III. DÒNG ĐIỆN XOAY CHIỀU ................................................................................................. 39
CHỦ ĐỀ 1: ĐẠI CƯƠNG VỀ DÒNG ĐIỆN XOAY CHIỀU + CÁC LOẠI ĐOẠN MẠCH XOAY CHIỀU 39
A. LÝ THUYẾT ................................................................................................................................................. 39
B. TRẮC NGHIỆM: ........................................................................................................................................... 42
CHỦ ĐỀ 2: MẠCH ĐIỆN XOAY CHIỀU KHÔNG PHÂN NHÁNH -CÔNG SUẤT MẠCH XOAY
CHIỀU ................................................................................................................................................................ 46
A. LÝ THUYẾT ................................................................................................................................................. 46
B. TRẮC NGHIỆM: ........................................................................................................................................... 50
CHỦ ĐỀ 3: MÁY BIẾN THẾ - SỰ TRUYỀN TẢI ĐIỆN NĂNG- ĐỘNG CƠ ĐIỆN .................................... 60
A. LÝ THUYẾT: ................................................................................................................................................ 60
B. TRẮC NGHIỆM: ........................................................................................................................................... 62
CHƯƠNG IV: DAO ĐỘNG ĐIỆN TỪ ........................................................................................................... 65
A. LÝ THUYẾT: ................................................................................................................................................ 65
B. TRẮC NGHIỆM: ........................................................................................................................................... 69
Chương VI: SÓNG ÁNH SÁNG ..................................................................................................................... 76
Chuyên luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn–Vật Lý
!"#$
134
CHỦ ĐỀ 1: TÁN SẮC ÁNH SÁNG + GIAO THOA ÁNH SÁNG .................................................................. 76
A. LÝ THUYẾT CẦN NHỚ: ............................................................................................................................. 76
B. TRẮC NGHIỆM: ........................................................................................................................................... 79
CHỦ ĐỀ 2: QUANG PHỔ VÀ CÁC LOẠI TIA ............................................................................................... 83
A. LÝ THUYẾT: ................................................................................................................................................ 83
B. TRẮC NGHIỆM: ........................................................................................................................................... 87
CHƯƠNG VI. LƯỢNG TỬ ÁNH SÁNG ....................................................................................................... 92
CHỦ ĐỀ 1: HIỆN TƯỢNG QUANG ĐIỆN. THUYẾT LƯỢNG TỬ ÁNH SÁNG – HIỆN TƯỢNG
QUANG DẪN. – HIỆN TƯỢNG PHÁT QUANG ............................................................................................ 92
A. LÝ THUYẾT ................................................................................................................................................. 92
B. TRẮC NGHIỆM: ........................................................................................................................................... 95
CHỦ ĐỀ 2: MẪU NGUYÊN TỬ BO- TIA LA ZE ........................................................................................... 99
A. LÝ THUYẾT ................................................................................................................................................. 99
B. TRẮC NGHIỆM: ......................................................................................................................................... 102
CHƯƠNG VII: HẠT NHÂN NGUYÊN TỬ - SỰ PHÓNG XẠ ................................................................. 105
CHỦ ĐỀ 1: CẤU TẠO HẠT NHÂN- NĂNG LƯỢNG LIÊN KẾT – PHẢN ỨNG HẠT NHÂN ................. 105
A. LÝ THUYẾT ............................................................................................................................................... 105
B. TRẮC NGHIỆM: ......................................................................................................................................... 107
CHỦ ĐỀ 2: SỰ PHÓNG XẠ + PHẢN ỨNG PHÂN HẠCH + PHẢN ỨNG NHIỆT HẠCH ........................ 111
A. LÝ THUYẾT: .............................................................................................................................................. 111
B. TRẮC NGHIỆM: ......................................................................................................................................... 114
CHỦ ĐỀ: THỰC HÀNH THÍ NGHIỆM ..................................................................................................... 119
!
Bấm Tải xuống để xem toàn bộ.