lOMoAR cPSD| 44744371 lOMoAR cPSD| 44744371
Read the text and choose the best answer.
As many as one thousand years ago in the Southwest, the Hopi and Zuni Indians of North America were building with
adobe — sun-baked brick plastered with mud. Their homes looked remarkably like modem apartment houses. Some
were four stories high and contained quarters for perhaps a thousand people, along with storerooms for grain and
other goods. These buildings were usually put up against cliffs, both to make construction easier and for defense
against enemies. They were really villages in themselves, as later Spanish explorers must have realized since they
called them “pueblos,” which is Spanish for towns.
The people of the pueblos raised what are called “the three sisters” — corns, beans, and squash. They made
excellent pottery and wove marvelous baskets, some so fine that they could hold water. The Southwest has always
been a dry country, where water is scarce. The Hopi and Zuni brought water from streams to their fields and gardens
through irrigation ditches. Water was so important that it played a major role in their religion. They developed
elaborate ceremonies and religious rituals to bring rain.
The way of life of less-settled groups was simpler and more strongly influenced by nature. Small tribes such as the
Shoshone and Ute wandered the dry and mountainous lands between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Ocean.
They gathered seeds and hunted small animals such as rabbits and snakes. In the Far North the ancestors of
today’s Inuit hunted seals, walnises, and the great whales. They lived right on the frozen seas in shelters called
igloos built of blocks of packed snow. When summer came, they fished for salmon and hunted the lordly caribou.
The Cheyenne, Pawnee, and Sioux tribes, known as the Plains Indians, lived on the grasslands between the Rocky
Mountains and the Mississippi River. They hunted bison, commonly called the buffalo. Its meat was the chief food
of these tribes, and its hide was used to make their clothing and the covering of their tents and tipis.
The author groups North American Indians according to their
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. tribes and geographical regions
b. date of appearance on the continent c. arts and crafts d. rituals and ceremonies Rock Band
Two years ago, our 14-year-old son, Ben, asked us for a set of drums for his birthday. At first, we were very much against the
idea because of the noise. ‘It’s better than watching television or playing computer games in my free time,’ Ben argued, ‘and it’ll keep me out of trouble.’
In the end we gave in. ‘All right,’ we said, ‘but you must consider the rest of the family and the neighbours when you play.’
That was just the beginning. Because drums are not the easiest instruments to transport, the other members of Ben’s band started
appearing at our home with their guitars and other electrical equipment. And so, for several hours a week, the house shakes to
the noise of their instruments and their teenage singing.
At least Ben’s hobby has been good for our health: whenever the band start practising, my husband and I go out for a long walk.
And I must admit that, although their music may sound a little strange, they are a friendly and polite group of young men. I cannot
judge their musical skill - after all I didn’t expect my parents’ generation to like the same music as I did when I was a teenager -
but they do play regularly in local clubs for young people.
Our main worry is that they won’t spend enough time on their school work because of their musical activities, though
this hasn’t happened yet. I am always stressing to Ben how important his studies are. But one thing is certain - Ben
was right: it has kept him out of trouble and he is never bored.
Why do the band always practise at Ben’s house?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. The neighbours don’t mind the noise.
b. Ben’s parents enjoy listening to them.
c. It is difficult for Ben to move his drums. lOMoAR cPSD| 44744371
d. They can leave their equipment there.
Read the text and choose the best answer.
In the country of , there is a wall that is 1,500 miles long. It is called the Great Wall of China .It winds uphill and down,
through valleys and mountains. Every inch of this 1,500- mile wall was made by hand. The is made many, many
years ago. The people of made it to keep out their enemies. There are watch towers all along the way. The Wall is
made of brick and earth. It is high and wide on top. People can walk along the top as if it were a road .
It is said that it took ten years to build one part of this wall. No other defense line has ever been made as long as the .
It is said that it took 10 years to build one part of this wall.
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. False b. True c. Not Given
Read the text and choose the best answer.
As many as one thousand years ago in the Southwest, the Hopi and Zuni Indians of North America were building with
adobe — sun-baked brick plastered with mud. Their homes looked remarkably like modem apartment houses. Some
were four stories high and contained quarters for perhaps a thousand people, along with storerooms for grain and
other goods. These buildings were usually put up against cliffs, both to make construction easier and for defense
against enemies. They were really villages in themselves, as later Spanish explorers must have realized since they
called them “pueblos,” which is Spanish for towns.
The people of the pueblos raised what are called “the three sisters” — corns, beans, and squash. They made
excellent pottery and wove marvelous baskets, some so fine that they could hold water. The Southwest has always
been a dry country, where water is scarce. The Hopi and Zuni brought water from streams to their fields and gardens
through irrigation ditches. Water was so important that it played a major role in their religion. They developed
elaborate ceremonies and religious rituals to bring rain.
The author uses the phrase “the three sisters” to refer to
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. Hopi women b. family members c. important crops d. rain ceremonies
Read the text and complete the sentence.
Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. For many thousands of
years it was the one field of awareness about which humans had anything more than the vaguest of insights. It is
impossible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plant, but from what we can observe of
preindustrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This
is logical. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been
enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, medicines,
shelter, and a great many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungles of the Amazon recognize literally hundreds
of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany, as such, has no name and is probably not even
recognized as a special branch of “knowledge” at all.
Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less
distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical
knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the
Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted lOMoAR cPSD| 44744371
for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains
were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would
increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little
there from many varieties that grew wild — and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of
experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.
The relationship between botany and agriculture is similar to the relationship between zoology (the study of animals) and.........
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. sheep raising b. bird watching c. horseback riding d. deer hunting
Read the text and choose the most suitable word to fill the blank.
Dogs are either optimists or pessimists, claim scientists
Scientists have confirmed what many pet owners have long suspected: some dogs have a more gloomy outlook on life
than others. The unusual insight into canine psychology emerged from a study by Bristol University researchers into
how dogs behave when separated from their owners. Dogs that were generally calm when left alone were also found
to have a “dog bowl half full” attitude to life, while those that barked, relieved themselves and destroyed furniture
appeared to be more pessimistic, the study concluded.
Michael Mendl, head of animal welfare and behaviour at the university, said the more anxiously a dog behaved on
being parted from its owner, the more gloomy its outlook appeared to be. The findings suggest that the trouble
caused by some dogs when they are left alone may reflect deeper emotional problems that could be treated with behavioural therapy.
“Owners vary in how they perceive this kind of anxious behaviour in dogs. Some are very concerned, some relinquish
the dog to a refuge, but others think the dog is happy or even being intentionally spiteful,” said Mendl. “At least some
of these dogs may have emotional issues and we would encourage owners to talk to their vets about potential
treatments,” he added. Of the ten mil ion pet dogs in the UK, around half may show separation anxiety at some stage, the researchers said.
Mendl’s team studied 24 animals at two dog homes in the UK. Half of the dogs were male and they were various
breeds, including Staffordshire bull terriers, golden retrievers and collies. They ranged from nine months to nine
years old. Researchers began the study by going to a room with each dog in turn and playing for 20 minutes. They
returned the next day, but this time left the dog alone for five minutes, during which the scientists recorded the
animal’s behaviour with a video camera. The footage was used to give each dog an anxiety score.
A day or two later, the dogs were trained to walk over to a food bowl that was full when placed at one end of a room
and empty when placed at the other. When the dogs had learned the difference, the scientists tested the animals’
underlying mood by placing bowls in ambiguous positions – in the middle of the room, for example – and noting how
quickly each dog went to the bowl.
The dogs that had been most anxious in the earlier test were slowest to approach food bowls placed in or near
the middle of the room, suggesting they expected to find the bowl empty. The less anxious dogs ran to the food
bowls, implying they were more optimistic, according to a report in Current Biology.
“We know that people’s emotional states affect their judgements and that happy people are more likely to judge an
ambiguous situation positively,” Mendl said. “What our study has shown is that this applies similarly to dogs – that a
glass-half-full dog is less likely to be anxious when left alone than one with a more pessimistic nature.” Samantha
Gaines, deputy head of the companion animals department at the RSPCA, said: “Some dogs may be more prone
to develop these behaviours and should be re-homed with appropriate owners.”
Question: The unusual insight into canine psychology ............from a study by Bristol University researchers.
Chọn một câu trả lời: lOMoAR cPSD| 44744371 a. arrived b. existed c. emerged d. come
Read the text and complete the sentence.
People appear to be born to compute. The numerical skills of children develop so early and so inexorably that it is easy
to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding their growth. Not long after learning to walk and talk, they
can set the table with impressive accuracy — one plate, oneknife, one spoon, one fork, for each of the five chairs.
Soon they are capable of noting that theyhave placed five knives, spoons, and forks on the table and, a bit later, that
this amounts to fifteen pieces of silverware. Having thus mastered addition, they move on to subtraction. It seems
almost reasonable to expect that if a child were secluded on a desert island at birth and retrieved seven years later, he
or she could enter a second-grade mathematics class without any serious problems of intellectual adjustment.
Of course, the truth is not so simple. This century, the work of cognitive psychologists has illuminated the subtle forms
of daily learning on which intellectual progress depends. Children were observed as they slowly grasped — or, as the
case might be, bumped into — concepts that adults take for granted, as they refused, for instance, to concede that
quantity is unchanged as water pours from a short stout glass into a tall thin one. Psychologists have since
demonstrated that young children, asked to count the pencils in a pile, readily report the number of blue or red pencils,
but must be coaxed into finding the total. Such studies have suggested that the rudiments of mathematics are
mastered gradually, and with effort. They have also suggested that the very concept of abstract numbers — the idea of
a oneness, a twoness, a threeness that applies to any class of objects and is a prerequisite for doing anything more
mathematically demanding than setting a table — is itself far from innate.
According to the passage, when small children were asked to count a pile of red and blue pencils they.....
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. subtracted the number of red pencils from the number of blue pencils
b. guessed at the total number of pencils
c. counted the number of pencils of each color
d. counted only the pencils of their favorite color
Read the text and decide that the statement is TRUE (T), FALSE (F) or NOT GIVEN (NG).
This frightening scenario is in part the consequence of a dramatic increase over the last quarter century in the
development of once natural areas of wet marshland; home not only to frogs but to all manner of wildlife. Yet, there
are no obvious reasons why certain frog species are disappearing from rainforests in the Southern Hemisphere which
are barely touched by human hand. The mystery is unsett1ing to say the least, for it is known that amphibian species
are extremely sensitive to environmental variations in temperature and moisture levels. The danger is that planet
Earth might not only lose a vital link in the ecological food chain (frogs keep populations of otherwise pestilent insects
at manageable levels), but we might be increasing our output of air pollutants to levels that may have already become
irreversible. Frogs could be inadvertently warning us of a catastrophe.
There are many reasons why certain frog species are disappearing from rainforests in the Southern Hemisphere.
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. T b. F c. NG
One of the most renowned Spanish architects of all time was Antoni Gaudi. Gaudi's emergence as one of 's
preeminent artists at the end of the nineteenth century marked a milestone in the art world.
Gaudi's popularity helped to bring about the acceptance and rebirth of the Catalan language, which had been banned
during the literature and art. Gaudi shares his Catalonian background with two other famous Spanish artists, Pablo lOMoAR cPSD| 44744371
Picasso and Miro. The diverse ethnic background of the region greatly influenced the work of Picasso and Miro, as
well as Gaudi. Thus, their works were a combination of an old history and an active, vivid imaginary world. This has
sometimes been referred to as the “Catalan Mind.” Yet it was perhaps Gaudi who had the greatest talent for bringing
together diverse groups, ones which others viewed as being too diametrically opposed to be capable of coming
together and co-existing amicably.
This was apparent not only in the artists and other individuals who surrounded him, but also in the varied styles and
techniques he employed in his architecture. Much of his work can be seen in , where his structures are known as a
fine representation of modernism. He also used a great variety of color in his buildings, and this art nouveau is often
associated with his own unique style of design. All of these factors are what helped put him at the forefront of art
movements to come: his unique ability to take on and transform traditional Spanish elements with the emerging
diverse ethnic groups, merging these with his own fertile imagination, and consequently turning these forces into
some of the greatest architecture the world has ever seen.
Which city is primarily associated with Gaudi today?
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. Barcelona b. Spain c. Castilia d. Berlin
Read the text and choose the best answer.
One of the most renowned Spanish architects of all time was Antoni Gaudi. Gaudi's emergence as one of 's
preeminent artists at the end of the nineteenth century marked a milestone in the art world.
Gaudi's popularity helped to bring about the acceptance and rebirth of the Catalan language, which had been banned
during the literature and art. Gaudi shares his Catalonian background with two other famous Spanish artists, Pablo
Picasso and Miro. The diverse ethnic background of the region greatly influenced the work of Picasso and Miro, as
well as Gaudi. Thus, their works were a combination of an old history and an active, vivid imaginary world. This has
sometimes been referred to as the “Catalan Mind.” Yet it was perhaps Gaudi who had the greatest talent for bringing
together diverse groups, ones which others viewed as being too diametrically opposed to be capable of coming
together and co-existing amicably.
This was apparent not only in the artists and other individuals who surrounded him, but also in the varied styles and
techniques he employed in his architecture. Much of his work can be seen in , where his structures are known as a
fine representation of modernism. He also used a great variety of color in his buildings, and this art nouveau is often
associated with his own unique style of design. All of these factors are what helped put him at the forefront of art
movements to come: his unique ability to take on and transform traditional Spanish elements with the emerging
diverse ethnic groups, merging these with his own fertile imagination, and consequently turning these forces into
some of the greatest architecture the world has ever seen.
The word "fertile" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. dormant b. inventive c. barren d. festive CAUSTION HEALTH CENTER PATIENT INFORMATION LEAFLET A Appointments
Please telephone 826969 (8.30am - 5.00pm: Mon - Fri). We suggest that you try to see the same doctor whenever
possible because it is helpful for both you and your doctor to know each other well. We try hard to keep our appointments
running to time, and ask you to be punctual to help us achieve this; if you cannot keep an appointment, please phone in
and let us know as soon as possible so that it can be used for someone else. Please try to avoid lOMoAR cPSD| 44744371
evening appointments if possible. Each appointment is for one person only. Please ask for a longer appointment if you need more time. B Weekends and Nights
Please telephone 823307 and a recorded message will give you the number of the doctor from the Centre on duty.
Please remember this is in addition to our normal working day. Urgent calls only please. A Saturday morning
emergency surgery is available between 9.30am and 10.00am. Please telephone for home visits before 10.00am at weekends. C Centre Nurses
Liz Stuart, Martina Scott and Helen Stranger are available daily by appointment to help you with dressings, ear
syringing, and children’s immunisations, removal of stitches and blood tests. They will also advise on foreign travel,
and can administer various injections and blood pressure checks. For any over 75s unable to attend the clinic, Helen
Stranger will make a home visit. All three Centre Nurses are available during normal working hours to carry out health
checks on patients who have been on doctors' lists for 3 years. D New Patients
Within 3 months of registering with the Centre, new patients on regular medication are invited to attend a health
check with their doctor. Other patients can arrange to be seen by one of the Centre Nurses. E Services Not Covered
Some services are not covered by the Centre e.g. private certificates, insurance, driving and sports medicals,
passport signatures, school medicals and prescriptions for foreign travel. There are recommended fees for these set
by the National Medical Association. Please ask at reception. F Receptionists
Our receptionists provide your primary point of contact - they are all very experienced and have a lot of basic
information at their fingertips. They will be able to answer many of your initial queries and also act as a link with the
rest of the team. They may request brief details of your symptoms or illness - this enables the doctors to assess the degree of urgency. G Change of Address
Please remember to let us know if you decide to relocate. It is also useful for us to have a record of your telephone number
Question: You must always see the same doctor if you visit the Centre.
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. FALSE b. TRUE c. NOT GIVEN
Peter loves the outdoors and cycles to different places each weekend to keep fit. He wants a website which will
give him suggestions for a range of suitable destinations.
FIND THE PERFECT WAY TO KEEP FIT WITH THESE WEBSITES A www.activelife.co.uk This site is perfect for
those who like to combine living a healthy lifestyle with enjoying the countryside. Type in the name of the town and
you get a list of locations that offer routes for cycling or exploring the area on foot. There is also information on cycling lOMoAR cPSD| 44744371
competitions in Britain. B www.fitinfo.com This online shop offers books, magazines, DVDs and software connected
to keeping fit. You simply type in the aspect of keeping fit that you are interested in, such as ‘keeping fit outdoors’,
and a super selection is displayed.
C www.fitnet.co.uk Steve Amos started this site for busy people wanting to keep fit. Fill in a questionnaire and Steve
will create a fitness programme for you. Although Steve's fee is high, you can email him for advice whenever you want.
In addition, Steve has designed a range of fitness clothes and footwear, which anyone can order (48-hour delivery).
D www.NAG.co.uk The National Athletics Group is a site for people interested in athletics. It allows you to find out
where your nearest athletics club is and provides information about races and other athletics events around the
country. There is a popular chatroom where athletes exchange suggestions and ideas.
Decide which website would be the most suitable for Peter?
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. www.NAG.co.uk b. www.activelife.co.uk c. www.fitinfo.com d. www.fitnet.co.uk
Read the text and choose the best answer.
In the country of , there is a wall that is 1,500 miles long. It is called the Great Wall of China .It winds uphill and down,
through valleys and mountains. Every inch of this 1,500- mile wall was made by hand. The is made many, many
years ago. The people of made it to keep out their enemies. There are watch towers all along the way. The Wall is
made of brick and earth. It is high and wide on top. People can walk along the top as if it were a road .
It is said that it took ten years to build one part of this wall. No other defense line has ever been made as long as the .
The Great Wall isn’t in China.
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. False b. Not Given c. True CAUSTION HEALTH CENTER PATIENT INFORMATION LEAFLET A Appointments
Please telephone 826969 (8.30am - 5.00pm: Mon - Fri). We suggest that you try to see the same doctor whenever
possible because it is helpful for both you and your doctor to know each other well. We try hard to keep our
appointments running to time, and ask you to be punctual to help us achieve this; if you cannot keep an appointment,
please phone in and let us know as soon as possible so that it can be used for someone else. Please try to avoid
evening appointments if possible. Each appointment is for one person only. Please ask for a longer appointment if you need more time. B Weekends and Nights
Please telephone 823307 and a recorded message will give you the number of the doctor from the Centre on duty.
Please remember this is in addition to our normal working day. Urgent calls only please. A Saturday morning
emergency surgery is available between 9.30am and 10.00am. Please telephone for home visits before 10.00am at weekends. C Centre Nurses
Liz Stuart, Martina Scott and Helen Stranger are available daily by appointment to help you with dressings, ear
syringing, and children’s immunisations, removal of stitches and blood tests. They will also advise on foreign travel,
and can administer various injections and blood pressure checks. For any over 75s unable to attend the clinic, Helen lOMoAR cPSD| 44744371
Stranger will make a home visit. All three Centre Nurses are available during normal working hours to carry out
health checks on patients who have been on doctors' lists for 3 years. D New Patients
Within 3 months of registering with the Centre, new patients on regular medication are invited to attend a health
check with their doctor. Other patients can arrange to be seen by one of the Centre Nurses. E Services Not Covered
Some services are not covered by the Centre e.g. private certificates, insurance, driving and sports medicals,
passport signatures, school medicals and prescriptions for foreign travel. There are recommended fees for these set
by the National Medical Association. Please ask at reception. F Receptionists
Our receptionists provide your primary point of contact - they are all very experienced and have a lot of basic
information at their fingertips. They will be able to answer many of your initial queries and also act as a link with the
rest of the team. They may request brief details of your symptoms or illness - this enables the doctors to assess the degree of urgency. G Change of Address
Please remember to let us know if you decide to relocate. It is also useful for us to have a record of your telephone number
Which section contains the following information?
............. what happens when you register with the Centre
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. Section F b. Section A c. Section D d. Section C
Read the text and choose the best answer.
As many as one thousand years ago in the Southwest, the Hopi and Zuni Indians of North America were building with
adobe — sun-baked brick plastered with mud. Their homes looked remarkably like modem apartment houses. Some
were four stories high and contained quarters for perhaps a thousand people, along with storerooms for grain and
other goods. These buildings were usually put up against cliffs, both to make construction easier and for defense
against enemies. They were really villages in themselves, as later Spanish explorers must have realized since they
called them “pueblos,” which is Spanish for towns.
The people of the pueblos raised what are called “the three sisters” — corns, beans, and squash. They made
excellent pottery and wove marvelous baskets, some so fine that they could hold water. The Southwest has always
been a dry country, where water is scarce. The Hopi and Zuni brought water from streams to their fields and gardens
through irrigation ditches. Water was so important that it played a major role in their religion. They developed
elaborate ceremonies and religious rituals to bring rain.
It can be inferred from the passage that the dwellings of the Hopi and Zuni were....
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. quickly constructed b. very small lOMoAR cPSD| 44744371 c. highly advanced d. difficult to defend
Read the text and answer the question. PARKS IN AND AROUND THE CITY A Hadley Park
This park is in the peaceful village of Cranford, 20 km outside the city. The park has large green spaces for football and there is
also an area of woodland, a boating lake, fish ponds and a variety of local wildlife. The public car park is free. B Highdown Park
The largest and most popular open space in the city, Highdown has many paths for keen walkers, as well as horse-riding and golf.
The much-visited 19th-century glasshouses contain an interesting exhibition about birds from around the world. C Brock Park
A beautiful park on the edge of the city, Brock Park attracts huge crowds. The open-air theatre has a programme of plays suitable
for school groups. There is a well-used basketball court and baseball field, a children’s playground and a cafe. Climb Harry’s Hill
to admire the beautiful fields and forests beyond the city. D Lilac Park and House
This busy city-centre park has a long history dating back to the 1700s, when it belonged to the writer Thomas Crane. The house
is open to the public and a guided visit can also include a walk around the famous rose gardens, finishing at the popular Butterfly Cafe.
Which park is the largest and most popular open space in the city?
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. Highdown Park
b. Lilac Park and House c. Brock Park d. Hadley Park
Read the text and choose the most suitable word to fill the blank.
Dogs are either optimists or pessimists, claim scientists
Scientists have confirmed what many pet owners have long suspected: some dogs have a more gloomy outlook on life
than others. The unusual insight into canine psychology emerged from a study by Bristol University researchers into
how dogs behave when separated from their owners. Dogs that were generally calm when left alone were also found
to have a “dog bowl half full” attitude to life, while those that barked, relieved themselves and destroyed furniture
appeared to be more pessimistic, the study concluded.
Michael Mendl, head of animal welfare and behaviour at the university, said the more anxiously a dog behaved on
being parted from its owner, the more gloomy its outlook appeared to be. The findings suggest that the trouble
caused by some dogs when they are left alone may reflect deeper emotional problems that could be treated with behavioural therapy.
“Owners vary in how they perceive this kind of anxious behaviour in dogs. Some are very concerned, some relinquish
the dog to a refuge, but others think the dog is happy or even being intentionally spiteful,” said Mendl. “At least some
of these dogs may have emotional issues and we would encourage owners to talk to their vets about potential
treatments,” he added. Of the ten mil ion pet dogs in the UK, around half may show separation anxiety at some stage, the researchers said.
Mendl’s team studied 24 animals at two dog homes in the UK. Half of the dogs were male and they were various
breeds, including Staffordshire bull terriers, golden retrievers and collies. They ranged from nine months to nine
years old. Researchers began the study by going to a room with each dog in turn and playing for 20 minutes. They
returned the next day, but this time left the dog alone for five minutes, during which the scientists recorded the
animal’s behaviour with a video camera. The footage was used to give each dog an anxiety score. lOMoAR cPSD| 44744371
A day or two later, the dogs were trained to walk over to a food bowl that was full when placed at one end of a room
and empty when placed at the other. When the dogs had learned the difference, the scientists tested the animals’
underlying mood by placing bowls in ambiguous positions – in the middle of the room, for example – and noting how
quickly each dog went to the bowl.
The dogs that had been most anxious in the earlier test were slowest to approach food bowls placed in or near
the middle of the room, suggesting they expected to find the bowl empty. The less anxious dogs ran to the food
bowls, implying they were more optimistic, according to a report in Current Biology.
“We know that people’s emotional states affect their judgements and that happy people are more likely to judge an
ambiguous situation positively,” Mendl said. “What our study has shown is that this applies similarly to dogs – that a
glass-half-full dog is less likely to be anxious when left alone than one with a more pessimistic nature.” Samantha
Gaines, deputy head of the companion animals department at the RSPCA, said: “Some dogs may be more prone
to develop these behaviours and should be re-homed with appropriate owners.”
Question: If you feel _________________________, you are worried about something.
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. underlying b. ambiguous c. concerned d. prone
Read the text and choose the most suitable word to fill the blank.
Dogs are either optimists or pessimists, claim scientists
Scientists have confirmed what many pet owners have long suspected: some dogs have a more gloomy outlook on life
than others. The unusual insight into canine psychology emerged from a study by Bristol University researchers into
how dogs behave when separated from their owners. Dogs that were generally calm when left alone were also found
to have a “dog bowl half full” attitude to life, while those that barked, relieved themselves and destroyed furniture
appeared to be more pessimistic, the study concluded.
Michael Mendl, head of animal welfare and behaviour at the university, said the more anxiously a dog behaved on
being parted from its owner, the more gloomy its outlook appeared to be. The findings suggest that the trouble
caused by some dogs when they are left alone may reflect deeper emotional problems that could be treated with behavioural therapy.
“Owners vary in how they perceive this kind of anxious behaviour in dogs. Some are very concerned, some relinquish
the dog to a refuge, but others think the dog is happy or even being intentionally spiteful,” said Mendl. “At least some
of these dogs may have emotional issues and we would encourage owners to talk to their vets about potential
treatments,” he added. Of the ten mil ion pet dogs in the UK, around half may show separation anxiety at some stage, the researchers said.
Mendl’s team studied 24 animals at two dog homes in the UK. Half of the dogs were male and they were various
breeds, including Staffordshire bull terriers, golden retrievers and collies. They ranged from nine months to nine
years old. Researchers began the study by going to a room with each dog in turn and playing for 20 minutes. They
returned the next day, but this time left the dog alone for five minutes, during which the scientists recorded the
animal’s behaviour with a video camera. The footage was used to give each dog an anxiety score.
A day or two later, the dogs were trained to walk over to a food bowl that was full when placed at one end of a room
and empty when placed at the other. When the dogs had learned the difference, the scientists tested the animals’
underlying mood by placing bowls in ambiguous positions – in the middle of the room, for example – and noting how
quickly each dog went to the bowl.
The dogs that had been most anxious in the earlier test were slowest to approach food bowls placed in or near
the middle of the room, suggesting they expected to find the bowl empty. The less anxious dogs ran to the food
bowls, implying they were more optimistic, according to a report in Current Biology.
“We know that people’s emotional states affect their judgements and that happy people are more likely to judge an
ambiguous situation positively,” Mendl said. “What our study has shown is that this applies similarly to dogs – that a
glass-half-full dog is less likely to be anxious when left alone than one with a more pessimistic nature.” Samantha
Gaines, deputy head of the companion animals department at the RSPCA, said: “Some dogs may be more prone
to develop these behaviours and should be re-homed with appropriate owners.” lOMoAR cPSD| 44744371
Question: If you are _________________________ to something, you are likely to be affected by it, especially if it is something bad.
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. Prone b. Concerned c. interested d. Relieved
Question: How do owners respond to anxious behaviour in dogs?
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. They ignore the dog.
b. They think the dog is being intentionally spiteful.
c. They react in different ways.
d. They take the dog to a refuge.
Which park would be the most suitable for Melanie and Stefan?
Melanie and Stefan are students who need to visit a busy park for a college project. They want to draw people taking part in
team sports and watching entertainment. PARKS IN AND AROUND THE CITY A Hadley Park
This park is in the peaceful village of Cranford, 20 km outside the city. The park has large green spaces for football and there is
also an area of woodland, a boating lake, fish ponds and a variety of local wildlife. The public car park is free. B Highdown Park
The largest and most popular open space in the city, Highdown has many paths for keen walkers, as well as horse-riding and golf.
The much-visited 19th-century glasshouses contain an interesting exhibition about birds from around the world. C Brock Park
A beautiful park on the edge of the city, Brock Park attracts huge crowds. The open-air theatre has a programme of plays suitable
for school groups. There is a well-used basketball court and baseball field, a children’s playground and a cafe. Climb Harry’s Hill
to admire the beautiful fields and forests beyond the city. D Lilac Park and House
This busy city-centre park has a long history dating back to the 1700s, when it belonged to the writer Thomas Crane. The house
is open to the public and a guided visit can also include a walk around the famous rose gardens, finishing at the popular Butterfly Cafe.
Which park would be the most suitable for Melanie and Stefan?
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. Hadley Park
b. Lilac Park and House c. Brock Park d. Highdown Park
Read the text and answer the question.
People appear to be born to compute. The numerical skills of children develop so early and so inexorably that it is easy to
imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding their growth. Not long after learning to walk and talk, they can set
the table with impressive accuracy — one plate, oneknife, one spoon, one fork, for each of the five chairs. Soon they are
capable of noting that theyhave placed five knives, spoons, and forks on the table and, a bit later, that this amounts to fifteen
pieces of silverware. Having thus mastered addition, they move on to subtraction. It seems almost lOMoAR cPSD| 44744371
reasonable to expect that if a child were secluded on a desert island at birth and retrieved seven years later, he or
she could enter a second-grade mathematics class without any serious problems of intellectual adjustment.
Of course, the truth is not so simple. This century, the work of cognitive psychologists has illuminated the subtle forms
of daily learning on which intellectual progress depends. Children were observed as they slowly grasped — or, as the
case might be, bumped into — concepts that adults take for granted, as they refused, for instance, to concede that
quantity is unchanged as water pours from a short stout glass into a tall thin one. Psychologists have since
demonstrated that young children, asked to count the pencils in a pile, readily report the number of blue or red pencils,
but must be coaxed into finding the total. Such studies have suggested that the rudiments of mathematics are
mastered gradually, and with effort. They have also suggested that the very concept of abstract numbers — the idea of
a oneness, a twoness, a threeness that applies to any class of objects and is a prerequisite for doing anything more
mathematically demanding than setting a table — is itself far from innate.
The word '‘prerequisite” is closest in meaning to
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. requirement b. reason c. technique d. theory
Read the text and answer the question.
This frightening scenario is in part the consequence of a dramatic increase over the last quarter century in the
development of once natural areas of wet marshland; home not only to frogs but to all manner of wildlife. Yet, there
are no obvious reasons why certain frog species are disappearing from rainforests in the Southern Hemisphere which
are barely touched by human hand. The mystery is unsett1ing to say the least, for it is known that amphibian species
are extremely sensitive to environmental variations in temperature and moisture levels. The danger is that planet
Earth might not only lose a vital link in the ecological food chain (frogs keep populations of otherwise pestilent insects
at manageable levels), but we might be increasing our output of air pollutants to levels that may have already become
irreversible. Frogs could be inadvertently warning us of a catastrophe.
What is best heading for the paragraph?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. The mystery of amphibian decline.
b. Frogs making changes to the ecosystem.
c. Multi-coloured frog species cause problems d. Frogs declining in number.
Read the text and answer the question.
People appear to be born to compute. The numerical skills of children develop so early and so inexorably that it is easy
to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding their growth. Not long after learning to walk and talk, they
can set the table with impressive accuracy — one plate, oneknife, one spoon, one fork, for each of the five chairs.
Soon they are capable of noting that theyhave placed five knives, spoons, and forks on the table and, a bit later, that
this amounts to fifteen pieces of silverware. Having thus mastered addition, they move on to subtraction. It seems
almost reasonable to expect that if a child were secluded on a desert island at birth and retrieved seven years later, he
or she could enter a second-grade mathematics class without any serious problems of intellectual adjustment.
Of course, the truth is not so simple. This century, the work of cognitive psychologists has illuminated the subtle forms of
daily learning on which intellectual progress depends. Children were observed as they slowly grasped — or, as the case
might be, bumped into — concepts that adults take for granted, as they refused, for instance, to concede that quantity is
unchanged as water pours from a short stout glass into a tall thin one. Psychologists have since demonstrated that young
children, asked to count the pencils in a pile, readily report the number of blue or red pencils, but must be coaxed into finding
the total. Such studies have suggested that the rudiments of mathematics are mastered lOMoAR cPSD| 44744371
gradually, and with effort. They have also suggested that the very concept of abstract numbers — the idea of a
oneness, a twoness, a threeness that applies to any class of objects and is a prerequisite for doing anything
more mathematically demanding than setting a table — is itself far from innate.
The word “itself” refers to
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. the concept of abstract numbers b. any class of objects c. the total d. setting a table
Read the text and decide that the statement is TRUE (T), FALSE (F) or NOT GIVEN (NG).
This frightening scenario is in part the consequence of a dramatic increase over the last quarter century in the
development of once natural areas of wet marshland; home not only to frogs but to all manner of wildlife. Yet, there
are no obvious reasons why certain frog species are disappearing from rainforests in the Southern Hemisphere which
are barely touched by human hand. The mystery is unsett1ing to say the least, for it is known that amphibian species
are extremely sensitive to environmental variations in temperature and moisture levels. The danger is that planet
Earth might not only lose a vital link in the ecological food chain (frogs keep populations of otherwise pestilent insects
at manageable levels), but we might be increasing our output of air pollutants to levels that may have already become
irreversible. Frogs could be inadvertently warning us of a catastrophe.
Frogs could warn us of a catastrophe by chance.
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. NG b. T c. F
Read the text and choose the best answer.
Western people rely on technical and mechanical solutions in everything they do. Refrigerators preserve their food,
washing machines clean their underwear and computers are supposed to solve all their problems. When they are ill,
they rely on the surgeon’s knife. If their hearts are running down, then they must be repaired, if they cannot be
repaired, they should be replaced, just as an old car sometimes gets a new engine. But up to now we have had a
shortage of donors to give their hearts, to keep one person alive, another donor had to die.
Nowadays there is more and more talk about using monkeys. Every monkey has a near-human heart, and humans
have always been over careful in respecting the lives and well-being of other animals. This includes the life and well-
being of other humans. Therefore, in the early years of the 22nd century - It was told the mass killings of monkeys
may occur. We’ll need to use their hearts for human consumption.
Monkeys, on the whole, are happier creatures than their near relatives, Homo sapiens, or man. They know fear, of
course, and they face real dangers, but they are also more intelligent than us. They create no unnecessary dangers
for themselves, they run no businesses, chase no money, are unimpressed by gold – that utterly useless metal, and
they do not care at all about hell or evil spirits. I have a vague feeling that it is not monkeys’ hearts that we ought to
implant in ourselves, but monkeys’ brains.
Every monkey has a near-human heart…
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. NOT GIVEN b. FALSE c. TRUE
Read the text and choose the best answer. lOMoAR cPSD| 44744371
One of the most renowned Spanish architects of all time was Antoni Gaudi. Gaudi's emergence as one of 's
preeminent artists at the end of the nineteenth century marked a milestone in the art world.
Gaudi's popularity helped to bring about the acceptance and rebirth of the Catalan language, which had been banned
during the literature and art. Gaudi shares his Catalonian background with two other famous Spanish artists, Pablo
Picasso and Miro. The diverse ethnic background of the region greatly influenced the work of Picasso and Miro, as
well as Gaudi. Thus, their works were a combination of an old history and an active, vivid imaginary world. This has
sometimes been referred to as the “Catalan Mind.” Yet it was perhaps Gaudi who had the greatest talent for bringing
together diverse groups, ones which others viewed as being too diametrically opposed to be capable of coming
together and co-existing amicably.
This was apparent not only in the artists and other individuals who surrounded him, but also in the varied styles and
techniques he employed in his architecture. Much of his work can be seen in , where his structures are known as a
fine representation of modernism. He also used a great variety of color in his buildings, and this art nouveau is often
associated with his own unique style of design. All of these factors are what helped put him at the forefront of art
movements to come: his unique ability to take on and transform traditional Spanish elements with the emerging
diverse ethnic groups, merging these with his own fertile imagination, and consequently turning these forces into
some of the greatest architecture the world has ever seen.
Which of the following is true about Gaudi’s architecture?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Most of his work has been destroyed.
b. He employed a wide range of colors c. He disdained color.
d. He rejected whatever was considered innovative. PARKS IN AND AROUND THE CITY E Boscawen Park
This small and peaceful park offers guided tours, given by the knowledgeable Environment Officers,
and evening visitors to the park may be lucky enough to see rare frogs and bats. It is situated on the
River Elton and can be reached in about 30 minutes from the city centre by river taxi. There is a snack bar and gift shop. F East Bank Park
This is a tiny, little-known park in the heart of the city, with gardens filled with sculptures, trees and
flowers. It makes a perfect resting place, popular with local artists, and is within minutes of the
theatre and entertainment district. G Victoria Park
This quiet park, on the edge of the city and easy to visit by public transport, has boats for hire on the lake, a
skateboard park, basketball and tennis courts and a picnic area. Often seen in postcard views of the city,
Victoria Park contains one of the oldest windmills in the country - the museum should not be missed. H Elmwood Park
At Elmwood Park, there are walks on well-made paths and cycle rides for all abilities. Elmwood is
just inside the city limit and has an area of quiet woodland, which is home to deer and other animals.
The visitor centre, numerous display boards and a fun quiz make this a positive learning experience for all ages
Which park would the visitors easily get to by public transport?
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. Elmwood Park b. East Bank Park lOMoAR cPSD| 44744371 c. Boscawen Park d. Victoria Park
Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. For many thousands of
years it was the one field of awareness about which humans had anything more than the vaguest of insights. It is
impossible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plant, but from what we can observe of
preindustrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This
is logical. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been
enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, medicines,
shelter, and a great many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungles of the Amazon recognize literally hundreds
of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany, as such, has no name and is probably not even
recognized as a special branch of “knowledge” at all.
Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the
less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical
knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in
the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted
for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains
were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would
increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little
there from many varieties that grew wild — and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of
experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.
The phrase “properties of each” refers to each
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. purpose b. hundred c. tribe d. plant
Read the text and choose the most suitable word to fill the blank.
Dogs are either optimists or pessimists, claim scientists
Scientists have confirmed what many pet owners have long suspected: some dogs have a more gloomy outlook on life
than others. The unusual insight into canine psychology emerged from a study by Bristol University researchers into
how dogs behave when separated from their owners. Dogs that were generally calm when left alone were also found
to have a “dog bowl half full” attitude to life, while those that barked, relieved themselves and destroyed furniture
appeared to be more pessimistic, the study concluded.
Michael Mendl, head of animal welfare and behaviour at the university, said the more anxiously a dog behaved on
being parted from its owner, the more gloomy its outlook appeared to be. The findings suggest that the trouble
caused by some dogs when they are left alone may reflect deeper emotional problems that could be treated with behavioural therapy.
“Owners vary in how they perceive this kind of anxious behaviour in dogs. Some are very concerned, some relinquish
the dog to a refuge, but others think the dog is happy or even being intentionally spiteful,” said Mendl. “At least some
of these dogs may have emotional issues and we would encourage owners to talk to their vets about potential
treatments,” he added. Of the ten mil ion pet dogs in the UK, around half may show separation anxiety at some stage, the researchers said.
Mendl’s team studied 24 animals at two dog homes in the UK. Half of the dogs were male and they were various
breeds, including Staffordshire bull terriers, golden retrievers and collies. They ranged from nine months to nine
years old. Researchers began the study by going to a room with each dog in turn and playing for 20 minutes. They
returned the next day, but this time left the dog alone for five minutes, during which the scientists recorded the
animal’s behaviour with a video camera. The footage was used to give each dog an anxiety score.
A day or two later, the dogs were trained to walk over to a food bowl that was full when placed at one end of a room
and empty when placed at the other. When the dogs had learned the difference, the scientists tested the animals’
underlying mood by placing bowls in ambiguous positions – in the middle of the room, for example – and noting how
quickly each dog went to the bowl. lOMoAR cPSD| 44744371
The dogs that had been most anxious in the earlier test were slowest to approach food bowls placed in or near
the middle of the room, suggesting they expected to find the bowl empty. The less anxious dogs ran to the food
bowls, implying they were more optimistic, according to a report in Current Biology.
“We know that people’s emotional states affect their judgements and that happy people are more likely to judge an
ambiguous situation positively,” Mendl said. “What our study has shown is that this applies similarly to dogs – that a
glass-half-full dog is less likely to be anxious when left alone than one with a more pessimistic nature.” Samantha
Gaines, deputy head of the companion animals department at the RSPCA, said: “Some dogs may be more prone
to develop these behaviours and should be re-homed with appropriate owners.”
Question: If something is described as _________________________, it is not clear or it is capable of being
understood in more than one way.
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. concerned b. ambiguous c. underlying d. confirmed
ans and Birgit Kaufmann and their family want to visit a park which is historically important. Their teenage
children would like to try a water sport. PARKS IN AND AROUND THE CITY E Boscawen Park
This small and peaceful park offers guided tours, given by the knowledgeable Environment Officers, and evening
visitors to the park may be lucky enough to see rare frogs and bats. It is situated on the River Elton and can be
reached in about 30 minutes from the city centre by river taxi. There is a snack bar and gift shop. F East Bank Park
This is a tiny, little-known park in the heart of the city, with gardens filled with sculptures, trees and flowers. It makes
a perfect resting place, popular with local artists, and is within minutes of the theatre and entertainment district. G Victoria Park
This quiet park, on the edge of the city and easy to visit by public transport, has boats for hire on the lake, a skateboard park,
basketball and tennis courts and a picnic area. Often seen in postcard views of the city, Victoria Park contains one of the
oldest windmills in the country - the museum should not be missed. H Elmwood Park
At Elmwood Park, there are walks on well-made paths and cycle rides for all abilities. Elmwood is just inside the city
limit and has an area of quiet woodland, which is home to deer and other animals. The visitor centre, numerous
display boards and a fun quiz make this a positive learning experience for all ages
Which park would be the most suitable for Hans and Birgit Kaufmann?
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. Boscawen Park b. Victoria Park c. Elmwood Park d. East Bank Park
Read the text and answer the question. PARKS IN AND AROUND THE CITY A Hadley Park lOMoAR cPSD| 44744371
This park is in the peaceful village of Cranford, 20 km outside the city. The park has large green spaces for football and there is
also an area of woodland, a boating lake, fish ponds and a variety of local wildlife. The public car park is free. B Highdown Park
The largest and most popular open space in the city, Highdown has many paths for keen walkers, as well as horse-riding and golf.
The much-visited 19th-century glasshouses contain an interesting exhibition about birds from around the world. C Brock Park
A beautiful park on the edge of the city, Brock Park attracts huge crowds. The open-air theatre has a programme of plays suitable
for school groups. There is a well-used basketball court and baseball field, a children’s playground and a cafe. Climb Harry’s Hill
to admire the beautiful fields and forests beyond the city. D Lilac Park and House
This busy city-centre park has a long history dating back to the 1700s, when it belonged to the writer Thomas Crane. The house
is open to the public and a guided visit can also include a walk around the famous rose gardens, finishing at the popular Butterfly Cafe.
Which park has an interesting exhibition about birds from around the world?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Lilac Park and House b. Highdown Park c. Brock Park d. Hadley Park
Read the text and choose the most suitable word to fill the blank.
Dogs are either optimists or pessimists, claim scientists
Scientists have confirmed what many pet owners have long suspected: some dogs have a more gloomy outlook on life
than others. The unusual insight into canine psychology emerged from a study by Bristol University researchers into
how dogs behave when separated from their owners. Dogs that were generally calm when left alone were also found
to have a “dog bowl half full” attitude to life, while those that barked, relieved themselves and destroyed furniture
appeared to be more pessimistic, the study concluded.
Michael Mendl, head of animal welfare and behaviour at the university, said the more anxiously a dog behaved on
being parted from its owner, the more gloomy its outlook appeared to be. The findings suggest that the trouble
caused by some dogs when they are left alone may reflect deeper emotional problems that could be treated with behavioural therapy.
“Owners vary in how they perceive this kind of anxious behaviour in dogs. Some are very concerned, some relinquish
the dog to a refuge, but others think the dog is happy or even being intentionally spiteful,” said Mendl. “At least some
of these dogs may have emotional issues and we would encourage owners to talk to their vets about potential
treatments,” he added. Of the ten mil ion pet dogs in the UK, around half may show separation anxiety at some stage, the researchers said.
Mendl’s team studied 24 animals at two dog homes in the UK. Half of the dogs were male and they were various
breeds, including Staffordshire bull terriers, golden retrievers and collies. They ranged from nine months to nine
years old. Researchers began the study by going to a room with each dog in turn and playing for 20 minutes. They
returned the next day, but this time left the dog alone for five minutes, during which the scientists recorded the
animal’s behaviour with a video camera. The footage was used to give each dog an anxiety score.
A day or two later, the dogs were trained to walk over to a food bowl that was full when placed at one end of a room
and empty when placed at the other. When the dogs had learned the difference, the scientists tested the animals’
underlying mood by placing bowls in ambiguous positions – in the middle of the room, for example – and noting how
quickly each dog went to the bowl.
The dogs that had been most anxious in the earlier test were slowest to approach food bowls placed in or near
the middle of the room, suggesting they expected to find the bowl empty. The less anxious dogs ran to the food
bowls, implying they were more optimistic, according to a report in Current Biology. lOMoAR cPSD| 44744371
“We know that people’s emotional states affect their judgements and that happy people are more likely to judge an
ambiguous situation positively,” Mendl said. “What our study has shown is that this applies similarly to dogs – that a
glass-half-full dog is less likely to be anxious when left alone than one with a more pessimistic nature.” Samantha
Gaines, deputy head of the companion animals department at the RSPCA, said: “Some dogs may be more prone
to develop these behaviours and should be re-homed with appropriate owners.”
Question: Film of a particular subject or event _________________________.
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. outlook b. footage c. breed d. Insight
People appear to be born to compute. The numerical skills of children develop so early and so inexorably that it is easy
to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding their growth. Not long after learning to walk and talk, they
can set the table with impressive accuracy — one plate, oneknife, one spoon, one fork, for each of the five chairs.
Soon they are capable of noting that theyhave placed five knives, spoons, and forks on the table and, a bit later, that
this amounts to fifteen pieces of silverware. Having thus mastered addition, they move on to subtraction. It seems
almost reasonable to expect that if a child were secluded on a desert island at birth and retrieved seven years later, he
or she could enter a second-grade mathematics class without any serious problems of intellectual adjustment.
Of course, the truth is not so simple. This century, the work of cognitive psychologists has illuminated the subtle forms
of daily learning on which intellectual progress depends. Children were observed as they slowly grasped — or, as the
case might be, bumped into — concepts that adults take for granted, as they refused, for instance, to concede that
quantity is unchanged as water pours from a short stout glass into a tall thin one. Psychologists have since
demonstrated that young children, asked to count the pencils in a pile, readily report the number of blue or red pencils,
but must be coaxed into finding the total. Such studies have suggested that the rudiments of mathematics are
mastered gradually, and with effort. They have also suggested that the very concept of abstract numbers — the idea of
a oneness, a twoness, a threeness that applies to any class of objects and is a prerequisite for doing anything more
mathematically demanding than setting a table — is itself far from innate.
What does the passage mainly discuss?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. The use of mathematics in child psychology
b. Trends in teaching mathematics to children
c. The development of mathematical ability in children
d. The fundamental concepts of mathematics that children must learn
r Martin wants to take his eight-year-old pupils to a park anywhere within the city, with lots of organised activities
which allow the children to read about local wildlife they may see. PARKS IN AND AROUND THE CITY E Boscawen Park
This small and peaceful park offers guided tours, given by the knowledgeable Environment Officers, and evening
visitors to the park may be lucky enough to see rare frogs and bats. It is situated on the River Elton and can be
reached in about 30 minutes from the city centre by river taxi. There is a snack bar and gift shop. F East Bank Park
This is a tiny, little-known park in the heart of the city, with gardens filled with sculptures, trees and flowers. It makes
a perfect resting place, popular with local artists, and is within minutes of the theatre and entertainment district. lOMoAR cPSD| 44744371 G Victoria Park
This quiet park, on the edge of the city and easy to visit by public transport, has boats for hire on the lake, a skateboard park,
basketball and tennis courts and a picnic area. Often seen in postcard views of the city, Victoria Park contains one of the
oldest windmills in the country - the museum should not be missed. H Elmwood Park
At Elmwood Park, there are walks on well-made paths and cycle rides for all abilities. Elmwood is just inside the city
limit and has an area of quiet woodland, which is home to deer and other animals. The visitor centre, numerous
display boards and a fun quiz make this a positive learning experience for all ages.
Which park would be the most suitable for Martin?
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. East Bank Park b. Victoria Park c. Elmwood Park d. Boscawen Park
Read the text and answer the question.
Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. For many thousands of
years it was the one field of awareness about which humans had anything more than the vaguest of insights. It is
impossible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plant, but from what we can observe of
preindustrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This
is logical. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been
enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, medicines,
shelter, and a great many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungles of the Amazon recognize literally hundreds
of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany, as such, has no name and is probably not even
recognized as a special branch of “knowledge” at all.
Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the
less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical
knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in
the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted
for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains
were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would
increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little
there from many varieties that grew wild — and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of
experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.
The word “controlled” is closest in meaning to
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. required b. abundant c. managed d. advanced PARKS IN AND AROUND THE CITY A Hadley Park
This park is in the peaceful village of Cranford, 20 km outside the city. The park has large green spaces for football and there is
also an area of woodland, a boating lake, fish ponds and a variety of local wildlife. The public car park is free. B Highdown Park