(Đáp án) Kỳ thi Olympic truyền thống 30 tháng 4 lần thứ XXIV năm 2018 môn Tiếng Anh 11

LÓ P 111 ĐỀ CH ÍNH THỨ C
A. multiple choice (40 PTS)
I. GRAMM AR AND ST RUCTUR ES (5PTS):
Choose the best options to compl ete the followi ng sent ences.
1. - Jack: Did you know J im’s ca r broke down on the hi ghway late at night?
- Jane: Unfortunate ly, tha t's a situation an yo ne ______ .
A. might have to confront with ' B. might be confro nted with c. might be confronted D. might have been co nfronted
2. ______ , 1 have n’t seen Catherine all day. A. Come to think of it B. To come to think o f it
c. Coming to think it D. Coming to think of it
3. ______ earning a g reat deal of m oney as a painter, Ivan Aivazovs ky opened
an art school and ga llery in his hometown of Feodosiya. A. Rather B. Since c. Upon D. Until 4. In your place, I -
to others for help. There ’s no way of getting the project finished you rself. A. would have turned B. must have turned c. will turn D. would turn 5. ______ chair the meeting. A. John wa s decided to
B. It was decid ed tha t John should
c. There was decided that John should D. John had been decided to
6. We all wishe d to be tr eat ed ______ . A. as equals B. as equally c. as equals D. equals
7. The great French novelist Honoré de Balzac would make _____ revisio n
when he was proofreading his w ork th at ______ was left o f the original text in the end.
A. too many I not enough B. such a lot of / a few c. plenty o f / not many D. so much / little
8. She *______fainted when she heard that her son had died. A. r ather than B. nothing but c. all but D. near
9. I' ll be kind to her. ______ she decide to leave me. A. in ca se B. whereas c. so as not D. lest
10. Jasm ine’s parents died when she was j ust a baby, so I ______ family she ever had. A. was all the - B. was the who le c. have the whole D. have all the 244
II. PHRA SAL VERB S AND PRE POSIT IONS (5 PTS)
11. H e’s a tou gh politician - he kno ws how to ______ the storm. A. run down B. keep up c. push back D. ride o ut
12. D on 't t ak e______ your bad friends any more or you 'll regret it. A. up with B. in for c . down at D. for
13. He was unaware that he was be in g______ with out-o f-date stock. A. faded away
B. clamped down c. petered out D. fobbed off
14. I was so tired that I ju st ______ in the armchair. A. flaked ou t B. broke up c. dropped out D. fell ove r
15.1 tho ught she was being serious, but she was only having m e ______ » A. up B. on c. o ver D. round
16. Peter: How old do you think Perkins is?
Patrick: Oh, he must be ge tti ng ______ eighty, I’d say. A. aw ay with B. about at c. down to D. on for
17. Nobo dy from t he P resident down should imagine they a re _____ the law. A beyond B over c within D above
18. At first the children enjoyed the game but quite soon t he n ove lty______ . A. went o ff B. died out c. died down D. wore o ff
19. When attacked by his opponents, the g ene ral ___2. with a st rong justific ation for his policy. A. hit ba ck B. struck up c. leapt up D. pushed forward
20. The free tickets for the band’s concert w er e______ within seconds by the
enthusia sts flocking at the hall door. A. run up B. broken up c . drawn up D. snapped up III. VO CABU LARY (10 PTS):
Choose the best options to comple te the following sent ences.
21.1 found t he information for the proj ect in the encyclo pedia but 1 cou ldn 't give and verse on it. A. cha pter B. unit c. poem D. ex tract
22. During the riots, hundreds of people broke into t he city 's main departme nt
store a n d _____ it. There was almost nothing left after the night had finished. A. mugg ed B. looted c. conned D. stole
23. When his manager went on a business trip, Smith stepped into th e ______ and ch aired the meeting. A. hole B. pool c. breach D. crack
24. The country has few natural resources and its economy has be en ______ for some time now. A. dis eased B. unwell c. sickening D. ailing
25. Every time the governme nt meets their demands, the union leaders shift the A. goalp osts B. lamp-posts c. bus stops D. roadbl ocks
26. The y wor ked from dawn to dusk with s uc h_____ that they were exhausted. A. bored om B. zeal c. crack D. debility 245
T l. The Prime Minister will decide whethe r to release the prison er or not; t hat 's h is ______ . A. prero gative B. contor tion c. derogatory D. abdicati on
28. The sheep we re h uddled into a _____ to pro tect them from overn ight frosts. A. pen B. hutch c . kennel D. barn
29. Tha t human rights ar e______ is unaccept able in a civiliz ed society. A. infringed B. im peached c. abrogated D. quashed
30. Ì overs lept th is mo rning and ca ught the last bus to school b y ______ . A. the h air o f my head B. the skin of my teeth c. the nail of my finger D. the skin of my heels
31. Since he is too old to be a porter, they have decided to put him ou t t o ____ ., A. the d oor B. grounds c. grass D. the kerb
32. Andrew Johnson was the first president of the US ever to be ______ ,
primarily because of his violent te mper and unyielding stubbornn ess. A. im peached B. overthrown c. overpowered D. dethroned
33. If she wins the prize again this year, it'll be a r ea l______ in her cap. A. nutshell B. gemstone c. feather D. land mark
34. Maggie is so moody and unpredictable. She’s apt to fly of f th e ______ without any real cause. A. handle B. strap c. catch D. belt
35. Despite a string o f_____ performances he retained his place in the side. A. prom ising B. reasonable c. satisfactory D. modera te
36. The ear thq uak e_____ 6.5 on the Richter scale. A. weighed B. measured c. achieved . D. counted
37. It w as ___ clear to me what they meant by their cold manner. A. blatantly B. fully c. abundantly D. acutely
38. The international conference of the Cardiological Associatio n has been
_____ in Cairo to discuss the revolutionary discovery of doctor Gonzales from Mexico. A. deployed B. collected c. mobilized D. summone d
3 9 .1 had a small accident with the car. One of the wings is a li ttle _____ _. A. stained B. jamm ed c. dented D. cracked
40. I've only been here for a week so 1 hav en't got into th e_______ yet. A. swings of things B. groove o f things c . rut o f things D. swing o f routine
IV. G UIDED CLOZE (10 PTS):
Read th e text below and decide which answer best fits each space. PASSAGE A:
Plants are (41) ______ to attack and infection by a remarkab le variety of
symbioti c species and have evolved a diverse array of mecha nisms designed to 246
frustrate the potential colonists. These can be divided into preformed or passive
defense mechan isms and (4 2 )______ or active systems. Passive plant defense
compris es physical and chemical barriers that prevent entry of pathog ens, such
as bacteria, or (43) ____ _ tissues unpalatable or toxic to the invader. The
external surfaces of plants, in addition to being covered by an epidermi s and a
waxy cuticle, often carry spiky hairs known as trichomes, which either prevent
feeding by insects or may even puncture and kill insect (4 4 )______ . Other
trichom es are sticky and glandular and e ffectively trap and (4 5) ______ insects.
If the physical barriers of the plant are breached, then p reformed chemicals may
inhibit or kill the intruder, and plant tissues contain a diverse array of toxic or
potential ly toxic substances, such as resins, tannins, glycosides, and alkaloids,
many of which are highly effective (4 6) ______ to insects that feed on plants.
The success of the Colorado beetle in infesting potatoes, for example, seems to
be correlated with its high tolerance (4 7 )______ alkaloids that normally repel
potential pests. Other possible chemical defenses, while not directly toxic to the
parasite, may inhibit some essential step in the establishm ent of a parasitic
relationship. For example, glycoproteins in plant cell walls may inactivate
enzymes that degrade cell walls. These enzymes are often produced by bacteria
and fungi. Active plant defense mechanisms are comparab le to the immune
system of vertebrate animals, although the cellular and molecu lar bases are
(4 8 )______ different. Both, however, are triggered in reaction to intrusion.
implying that the host has some means of recognizing the presence of a foreign
organism. The most dramatic example of an inducible plant defense reaction is
the hypersensi tive response. In the hypersensitive response, cells undergo rapid
necrosis — that is, they become diseased and die — after being penetrated by a
parasite ; the parasite itself ( 4 9 )__________ ceases to grow and is therefore
restricted to one or a few cells around the ent ry site. Several theories have been
(5 0) ______ to explain the bases o f hypersensitive resi stance. 41. A. likely B. inclined c. fl exible D. subject 42. A. inducible B. causative c . influential D. medicinal 43. A. convert B.r end er c . alternate D. reimburse 44. A. embryos B. larvae c. larva D. caterpill ars 45. A. imm obilize B. demobilize c , deactivate D. depreciat e 46. A. hindrance s B. repellents c . deterrents D. expurga tions 47. A. io B. for c. within D.u nd er 48. A. efficac iously
B. phenomenally c. fu ndamentally D. origina lly 49. A. following B. substantially c . procedurally D. subseq uently 50. A. brought about B. worked out c . put forward D. laid dow n 247 PASSAGE B:
MOUND -BUILD ER TH EORIES
Some o f the most impressive geographical features in North Americ a are the
many earth mounds (5 1 )______ around the continent. These earthwork s are
enormous artificial hills cons tructed by various Native Americ an c ivilizati ons for
(52) _ _ _ _ _ purposes, such as burials worship, and they are thousa nds of years
old, with the latest ones being finished hundreds of years before Europeans
explored America. Upon their arrival, European explorers were impressed with
the structures, but prejudice against the native tribes prevented them from (53)
______N ative American s with their construction. Instead, American settlers
developed several theories that claimed a superior but (54) ______ "mound-
builder" civiliza tion made the earthworks. Moreover, particul ar details of
different mound- builder theories reflected the specific prejudic es of the people
who supported them. For example, devout Christian groups like the Mormons
argued that a (5 5 )______ Israeli society w as responsible, and white Americans
argued that only the Vikings could have built such mounds because they
believed that their European (5 6) ______was far s uperior to Nati ve Americans.
The ( 57 )______ of these myths showed how for centuries Americans selectively
examined evidence and distorted science in order to support their own agendas
(5 8) ______ the natives. Prior to the 20th century, many A mericans accepted the
mound-bu ilder theo ries as despite the dubious evi dence th at su pported them. For
instance, most believers argued that t he presence of metal artifacts beneath the
mounds showed that the natives couldn't have them because they had no
knowledge of metallu rgy. Some tribes did in fact possess such skills, and the
presence of defensive walls around tribal lands indicates that N ative Americans
could indeed construc t structures such as earth mounds. Nonetheles s, most
Americans (5 9 )______ such evidence and instead considered other potential
candidates for the mound builders. Popular choices were ancient Chinese, Greek,
or African civilizatio ns, none of which were in prehistoric America. Other
people argued that mystical (6 0) ______, such as God or people from mythical Atlantis, built the mounds. 51. A. scattered B. extended c. stretched D. covered 52. A. philosophical B. infinite c. ritualistic D. opportunistic
53. A. commem orating B. accrediting c. recognizing D. endowin g 54. A. bygone B. disrupted c. exhausted D. extinct 55. A. secr etive B. divine c. celestial D. sacred 56. A. fo refather B. ancestors c. foregoer D. ancestry 57. A. pe rsistence B. perseverance c. insistence D. determination 58. A. for B. towards c. against D. from 59. A. mi ssed B. refuted c. dispatched D. disposed 60. A. rites B. vigors c. powers D. motivatio ns 248
V. RE ADING C OMPR EHENS ION (10 PTS):
Read th e texts b elow and choo se the best ans wer to each question. PASSAGE A MUSICAL TALENT
Among all the abilities with which an individual may be endowe d, musical
talent appear s e arliest in life. Very y oung children can e xhibit musical prec ocit y
for diffe rent reasons. Some develop exceptional skill as a result of a well -
designed instructiona l regime, such as the Suzuki method for the violin. Some
have a good fortune to be bom into musical family in a household filled with
music. In a number of interesting cases, musical talent is part of an otherwise
disabling co ndition such as autism or mental retardation. A musically gifted child
has an inborn talent, however, the extent to which the talent is expressed
publicly will depend upon the environmen t in which the child lives.
Musically gifted children master at an early age the principal elements of
music, including pitch and rhythm. Pitch - or - melody - is more central in
certain cultures, for exa mple, in Eastern societies that make use of tiny qu arter -
tone interval. Rhythm, sounds produced at certain auditory frequencies and
grouped accordin g to a prescri bed system, is emphasized in sub- Saharan Africa,
where the rh ythmic ratios can be very complex.
All children have some aptitude for making music. During infancy, normal
children sing as well as babble, and they can produce individual sounds and
sound pattern. Infants as young as two months can match their m other's songs in
pitch, loudness, and melodic shape, and infants at four months can match
rhythmic structure as well. Infants are especially predisposed to acquire these
core aspects of music, and they can also engage in sound play that clearly exhibits creativity.
Individual difference s begin to merge in young children as they learn to sing.
Some children can match segments of a song by the age of two or three. Many
others can only approxim ate pitch at this age and may still have difficulty in
producing ac curate melodies by the age o f five or six. However, by the ti me they
reach school age, most children in any culture have a schema of wha t a song
should be like and can produce a reasonably accurate imitation of the songs
commonly heard in their envi ronment.
The early appearanc e of superior musical ability in some children provide
evidenc e that musical talent may be separate and unique form of i ntelligence.
There are numerous tales of young artists who have a remarkable "ear" or
extraord inary memory for music and a natural understan ding of musical
structure. In many of these cases, the child is average in every other way but
displays an exception al ability in music. Even the most gifted child, however,
takes about ten years to achieve the levels of performanc e or composit ion that
would c onstitute m astery o f the musical sphere. 249
Every generation in musi c history has it fa mous prodigies - individua ls with
exceptional musical powers that emerge at a young age. In the eighteenth
century, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart began com posing a nd perform ing a t the age
of six. As a child, Mozart could play piano like an adult. He had perfect pitch,
and at the age of nine he was also a m aster of the art o f modul ation - trans itions
from one key to another - which became one of the hallmark s o f his style. By the
age of elev en, he had composed three symphonies and 30 other major works.
Mozart's well - develop ed talen t was preserved into adulthood.
Unusual mus ical a bility is a regula r characteristic o f certain a nomali es such as
autism. In one case, an autistic girl was able to play "Happy Birthday" in the
style of various composers, including Mozart, Beethoven, Verdi, and Schubert.
When the girl wa s three, her m other called her by playing incomplete melodies,
which the child would complete with the appropriate tone in the proper octave.
For the autistic child, music may be the primary mode of comm unicati on, and
the child may cling to music because it represents as a hav en in a world that is
largely confusing and frightening.
61. The word "prec ocity " in paragraph 1 is closest in mea ning to ■ Ạ. strong interest B. good luck
c. advanced skill D. personal style
62. Which se ntence below best expresses the essential information in the
sentence printed in bold in paragraph 1?
A. Children may be born with superio r musical ability, but the ir env ironment
will determ ine how this ability is developed.
B. Every child is naturally gifted, and it is res ponsibility o f the public schools
to recognize and develop these talents.
. c. Children with exceptional musical talent will look for the best way to
express themselves through music - making.
D. Some musically talented children live in an environme nt sur rounded by
music, while others have little exposure to music.
63. The autho r makes the point that musical elements such as pitch and rhythm '
A. distinguish music from o ther art forms
B. vary in emph asis in dif ferent cultures
c. make music difficult to learn
D. expr ess di fferent human emotions
64. The word "pre disp osed " in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______ . A. inclined B. gifted c. pushed D. amused
65. According the passage, when does musical talent usually begin to appear?
A. When infants start to babble and produc e sound patterns
B. Between the ages of two and four months
c. When children learn to sing at two or three years old
D. Between ten years old and adolescence 250
66. Ac cordin g the passage, which o f the foll owing su ggests that m usical talent is
the se parate form o f intelligence ?
A. Ex ceptional musical ability in an othe rwise av erage child
B. Reco gnition of the emotional power o f music
c. The ability of all babies to acquire core elements o f music
D. Diffe rences between learning music and learning language
67. Why does the a uthor discuss Mozart in paragraph 6?
A. To compar e pa st and present v iews o f musical talent
B. To give an example of a well - known musical prodigy
c. To describe the development of individual musical skill
D. To list musical accomplis hments of the eighteent h ce ntury
68. All of t he following are given as examples of exceptional musical talent EXCEPT
A. a r emarkabl e "ear" or pe rfect m emory for music
B. ability to compose major works at a young age
c. appreciation for a wide variety o f musical styles -
D. playing a single song in the style of various composers
69. The word "haven" in paragraph 7 is closest m eaning t o ______ . A. beautiful art B. safe place
c. personal goal D. simple problem
70. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about ex ceptional musical ability?
A. It occu rs more fr equently in some cultu res than in others.
B. It is evi dence of a su perior level of intelligence in other area s,
c. It has been documented and studied but is little understood.
D. It is the result o f natural tale nt and a supportive environment . PASSAGE B THE BALANCE IN THE OCEANS
The oceans' predators come in all shapes and sizes. For example, one of the
less infamous ones is the colorful starfish, which feeds on plant life, coral, or
other shellfish such as mussels for sustenance. A more bloodcu rdling example ,
especia lly to human beings and most other species of fish, is the shark, though
most s cientist s ag ree th at only ten per cent o f the 450 plus sp ecies of sharks hav e
been documente d as actually attacking a human. Still, there is a nother predat or
lu rk in g invisi bly in the b odies of water o f the world, one which poses one o f the
greates t th reats to all species o f ocean life - bacteria. Though many types o f fish
are conti nuall y s talking and evading one a nother for sur vival, they all band
togethe r in an attempt to keep bacteria levels at bay in order to allow, their
own ex istenc e to continue .
Bacteria play a dual role in th e ecosystems of the oceans. On the one hand, ■
they are benefici al as they stimulate plant life through food decom positio n,
which releases the necessary chem icals for the gro wth of plant life. This is called 251
nutrie nt recycl ing and helps keep the oceans alive. But, on the other hand,
bacteria are a major predator for all fish because the y'a tta ck fragile, weaker
individuals. If they are allowed to run rampant and not kept in check, they could
virtually suffocate the oceans. Ill water, bacteria prove to be an even greater
threat than on land because, as they proliferate , they reduce the oxygen levels
necessary for organism s in the oceans to live. Further, when fish populations
become depleted due to factors like overfishing, microbes such as algae expand
and threate n the fragile ecosystems of the ocean. Therefore, ocean predators play
a critical role by thwar ting bacteria growth and maintain ing the oceans'
equilibrium by redu cing v ulnerable links in the food chain.
In many ways, the balance within the ocean s’ ecosystems mirrors the human
body. That is, all of their components must work in harmony for them to stay
healthy, efficien t, and alive. If one of them is missing or deficient, an entire
system can be placed in jeopard y. In both the human body and the ocean,
bacteria play a vital role because, at manageable levels, they aid in protecting
and cleaning each system of foreign agents that can be of harm. On the other
hand, if bacteri a levels increase and become out o f control, they can take hold o f
a system, overrun it, and become debilita ting. Therefore, both oceans and the
human body have a kind of custodian that maintains bacteria levels. In the
human body, it is called a phagocyte. Phagocytes eat up sick, old, or dying cells,
which are more prone to bacterial invasion, and thus keep the body he althy. Like
in t he human body, bacte ria can prove fatal to the living org anisms in the ocean.
Like phagocyte s in the human body ocean .predators work as antibacterial
custodians of the seas. In es sence, they are the immune system and a vital link in
the food chain because they r emove small, injured, or sickly fish from the ocean
environm ent before bacteria can become too. comfortable and multiply. By
ridding the ocean of weaker fish, predators allow the stronger ones to multiply,
making their species stronger and more resilient. Without their services and with
their declining numbers, bacteria will blossom to levels that will eventually
overpowe r and kill even the strong est species off ish because of the depletion of
their n umber one source of life, all important oxygen.
- While the greatest battle in the ocean may seem on the surface to be the
survival of the fittest fish, a closer look reveals something complete ly different:
fish versus microorgan isms. Clearly, most living organisms in the oceans are
hunters by nature, but this way o f life does not merely provi de a food source for
a dominant species, It also maintains a healthy level of bacte ria in an ocea n's
ecosystem, thus ensuring the continuation of all species of life within. Major
predator s are necessary, like the antibacterial cells of the human body, to keep
this delicate balance in synch. If their numbers continue to d ecline and humans
ignore th eir vital role in the ocean, dire consequences will definitely result.
71. The word “lu rk ing ” in the passage is closest in meaning to ■ A. attac king B. increasing c. waiting D. approa ching 252
72. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of ocean predators?
A. The sh ark is the deadliest one for all other kinds of life in the oceans.
B. One o f the most thr eatening to all fish populations is bacteria.
c. Starfish do little damage to the population of mussels and shellfish.
D. Most o f the killers that hide in the oceans are unknown to humans.
73. Which of the fol lowing can be inferred from paragraph 1 about bacteria?
A. They can be extremely detrimental to fish if their numbers increase.
B. They are able to feed off themselves when other food sources are limited,
c. They stimulate plant life, which in turn releases oxygen into the water.
D. They present themselves in numerous shapes and forms as well as colors.
74. The au thor discus ses “nut rien t rec ycli ng” in paragraph 2 in o rd er to ______ .
A. show how bacter ia act similarly in the ocean and the human body
B. explain the different roles of nutrients and oxygen for species of fish
c. indicate that bacteria do have a positive impact in the oceans
D. note how chemicals from bacteria are able to stimulate plant growth
75. Which o f the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the
sentence in bold (“Th oug h... con tin ue”)?
A. Evasion tactics help fish escape from the threats posed by an increasing number o f bacteria.
B. Various species of fish prey upon one another in or der to lower bacteria levels in the ocean.
c. High bacteria levels in the ocean help most species of fish to survive by providing them with food.
D. Rivals o r not, all fish help one another survive by preventing bacteria from proliferating.
76. The word “th wa rti ng ” in the passage is closest in meaning to ______. A. encour aging B. preventing c. slowing D. sustaining
77. According to paragraph 2, bacteria are dangerous to ocean life bec aus e____ .
A. they have the capability to attack both strong and weaker fish
B. they could monopolize the critical breathable gas in the ocean
c. they get rid of vulnerable links, like dying fish, in the food chain
D. they blossom out of control when overfishing becomes dominant
78. The word “deb ilit ati ng” in the passage is closest in meaning to ______ . A. stimulati ng B..hindering c. elevating D. weakening
79. The autho r’s description of phagocytes mentions all of the following EXCEPT
A. They rid the human body of potentially dangerous organisms.
B. They act in a similar manner as the predators of the ocean,
c. They dispose o f bacteria to make weakened cells revive.
D. They are cleaning agents in humans to maintain bacteria levels.
80. The word “It” in the passage refers t o ______. A. nature B. way of life c. food source D. dominant species 253 B. WRITTE N TEST I. CLOZE T EST (20 PTS):
Read the texts below and think of the wo rd which best fits each space. Use
only ONE WORD for each space. PASSAGE A BRAIN GEL
A gel th at helps brains recover from trau matic injuries has been developed by
scientists a t the Clemson University in South C arolina. The gel, which is injected
in liquid ( 1 ) ______ at the site where the injury was sustain ed, stimula tes (2)
______cell growth in th e affected area. In t erms of circ umstan ces ( 3 ) _______
which it might be applied, the gel has the potential to t reat a wid e range of head
injuries, incl uding those arising from car accid ents, falls and gunsh ot wound s.
Serious brain injuries are notoriously difficult to recove r from on (4 )______
of the fact that the affected tissue can swell ( 5 ) ______ conside rably, which
causes additional collateral damage to the surrounding cell s. Existing tre atment s
do (6 ) ______ more than attempt to limit secondary damage and are relatively
ineffective, certainly when it comes to repairing the damaged cells, so the
discovery of a gel which stimulates cell repair is being heralded (7) ______ revolutionary.
(8 )______ the wa ve o f excitement now run ning throu gh medical circles, it is
important to note that results so far are based solely on observ ations of the
effects of the gel on (9 )__ ___ rats. The development of the treatm ent is very
much still in its preliminary stage and human testing is expected to be some th ree years or more (10) ______ yet. PASSAGE B
The Dolby family gift is the largest p hilanthropic (1 1 )______ ever made to
UK science, and will su pport the Cavendish Laboratory, the worl d-lea ding centre
for physics (1 2) ______wher e Ray Dolby received his PhD in 1961. Th anks to
this exceptional gift, the University has now surpassed the £1 billion milestone
in its current £2 billion fundra ising campa ign. T his is t he second generou s gi ft to
Cambridge (1 3) ______the Dolby family, who donate d £35 million to Pembroke
College, Cambridge in 2015. The Dolby family is n ow the largest dono r to the
fundraising campaign, and the (1 4) ______ -largest donor to th e Univers ity in its 808-year history.
Ray Dolby, who died in 2013 at the age of 80, came to Cambridg e as a
Marshall Scholar in 1957. He received his PhD from the Cavendish in 1961, and
was a student and later a Fellow of Pembroke College. In 1965, he founded
Dolby Laboratories in London and invented the Dolby System, an analogue
audio en coding system tha t forever improved the (15) _ _ _ _ _ of recorded sound.
He moved the co mpany in 1976 to San Francisc o, whe re it has been ( 16 )______ ever since. 254
The new Cavend ish Laboratory will be its third home since its founding in
1874, and was first announc ed by the governme nt in its 2015 spe ndin g Review.
it (12) ______ a £75 million investment in the Cavendish, which has been
confirm ed today, (1 8 )______ maintain Brita in's position at the (1 9 )______ of
physical science s re search. The fun ding will be delivered by the Engineering and
Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC). Work (20) ______ the new
facility is expec ted to begin in 2019.
IL WORD F ORMATIO N: (20PTS)
PART 1: Compl ete each sentence, using the correct form of the word in parenth eses.
1. Since his bad habits were never broken when he was a child, they are now ______ . (CORREC T)
2. The ending was ra th er ______ considering the fact that the film had been so intense t hroughou t. (CLIMAX)
3. En vironmenta l quality will be th e______ for the 21 St century. (WOR D)
4. 1 found th e last scene extremely moving and parti cula rly______ . (DIRECT)
5. At that time, package holidays to tropical resorts were pretty m uc h_____ _. (HEAR)
6. There is a craz e f o r______ foods in our co untry these days. (CANC ER)
7. With free-ma rket globalization, investment funds can m ov e______ from the
rich cou ntries to the developing cou ntries. (I MPEDIMEN T)
8. Airp ort officials said there had been no hint of trouble until radio contact w as
suddenly lost t hree minutes fro m______ . (DO WN)
9. Copyrigh t is th e _ ____ , legally secured right to publish, reproduce, and sell
the m atter and form o f a literary, musi cal, dram atic, or artistic w ork. (ALIEN)
10. ______ pain is the reason for around 5% o f all eme rgency departme nt visits. (ABDOM EN)
PART 2: Comple te the passage with appropriate forms from the words given in the box. in conscienti ous industry emergence imply per iph ery develop ment nation aboun d relen t
The issues for (1 1 )________ economies are a little more straightforwar d. The desire to build on (12 ).
_____ land is not born out of desperation or.
necessity, but is a result of the (1 3 )________ march of the progress. Cheap
labour and a relativel y highly-ski lled workforce make these countries highly
compe titive and there is a flood of (1 4) ________ investment, particularly from (15)
looking to take advantage of the low wa ges before the cost and
standard of living begin to rise, it is factors such as thes e that are making many
Asian econo mies extremely attractive when viewed as investmen t opportunities 255
at the moment . Similarly, in Africa, the relative (16) ________ of precious-
metals and nat ural resource s tend s to attract a lot o f exploita tion compa nies and a
whole sub-ind ustry develo ps around and is comple tely depe ndent on this
foreign -direct investment. It is un derstan dable that c ountrie s that are the focus o f
this sort of attention can lose si ght of the envir onmenta l (1 7) ________ of large-
scale industrial develop ment, and thi s can have d evasta ting conseq uences for the
natural world. And it is a vicious cycle because the m ore (1 8) ________ active a
nation becom es, the greater the demand for and harvesting of natural resources.
For some, the e nviron ment issues, though they can hardly be ignored, are viewed
as a ( 1 9 )________ concern. Indeed .'havin g an environm ental (2 0) _________or
taking environm ental matters into consideration when it co mes to decisions on
wheth er or not to build rubber-tree plantations or grow biofuel crops would be
quite prohibit ive indeed. For those involved in such schemes it is a pretty black-
and-wh ite issue. And, for vast tracts of land in Latin America , for e xample, it is
clear that the welfare of the rainforests matters little to local governm ent when
vast sum s o f money can be made from cultivating the land.
III. ERR OR CORRECTIO N: (10PTS)
The following passage co ntains 10 errors. Ide ntify and correct them. SPORTS PHOTOGRAP HY 1
Sport as a spectacle and p hotography as a way of recording action have
developed together. At the arrival of the 20th century, Edward Muybridge
was experimenting with photographs of movement. His pictures of a
runner feature in every history of photography. Another milestone was 5
when the scientist and the photographe r Harold Edgerton extended the
limits of photographic technology with his study of a drop of milk
hitting the surface of a dish. Another advance was the development of
miniature cameras in the late 1920s, that made it possible for photographers
to put th eir cumbers ome c ameras behind.
10 The an-ival o f television was a significant development in the transmission
of sport. Paradoxically, it was having benefit to still photographers.
People who watched a sport event on TV, with all their movement and
action, valued the still image as a reminder of the game.
Looking back, we can see how radically sports photography has changed.
15 Early sports photographers were so interested in the stories behind the
sport as in the sport itself. Contemporary sports photography emphasize s
the glamou r of sport, the colour and the action. But the best sports
photogr aphers today do more than ju st simply tell the story of the event,
or tak e a record of it. T hey captu re in a single dramatic moment the real
20 emotion s of the participants, emotions which people looking at the photog raphs can identify. 256 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 0.
IV. S ENTE NCE TRANSF ORMA TION: (20 PTS)
Rewrit e th e foll owing sentences using the word s given.
1. Fra nkly speaking , I do not think tha t nature and nurtu re are equally significan t. (SUBS CRIBE )
To p u t............................................. ............................................... significan ce.
2. In the area, Thailand used to be much better than all other countrie s in football . (HEAD)
In the area, Thailand d oes n't ............ .................................................... longer
3. He hid the truth about the matter because he didn ’t want to lose his high position. (CARPET )
For fear that ......... ..............................................................................................
4. He indicated very clearly that he would do anything to obtain the contract. (LENGT HS)
He g av e................................................................................................ -...............
5 .1 d idn 't dare to tell the truth because my fathe r was there. (GUTS)
Had it ....... ..........................................................................................................
6. It w as not until five years had elapsed that the whole truth about the murder came out. -
Not f o r........................... ............................................................... .................... .
7. She was su rprised when he suddenly asked her to marry him. (TO OK)
H is .................................................................................................. ........... .........
8. He seems to find the way Mimi behaves more a source of amu sement than embarra ssment .
Far from ................................. ............................. ......... ............. amused by it.
9. After the expedition , I realized that she was not an efficien t researcher. (SHAKE S)
It dawned .............................................. .......................................a researcher.
10. The ac cused may imagin e a plan of killing the witness. (AWAY)
The accuse d may conceiv e .............. .............. ...................... ............................ 257