Đề thi chọn đội tuyển học sinh giỏi quốc gia THPT năm 2021 môn Tiếng Anh THPT chuyên Long An đề thi thử 02

THPT CHUYÊN LONG AN
KỲ THI CHỌN ĐỘI TUYỂN
HỌC SINH GIỎI QUỐC GIA THPT NĂM 2021 ĐỀ THI THỬ 02 Môn: TIẾNG ANH (Đề
Thời gian làm bài: 180 phút, không kể thời gian giao đề thi gồm 14 trang) PART A. LISTENING SECTION 1. Questions 1-10
Complete the summary below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. ENDANGERED SPECIES
Although we cannot do anything about the plants and animals that are already (1)_______________, we
can do something about the many species in the world today that are in danger of becoming extinct in the future.
The main reason for the growing number of (2) _______________ species is the destruction of their
(3)_______________. The rapidly (4) _______________ human population needs more land and resources
for (5) _______________. This is changing and destroying the habitats that plant and animal species need for (6) _______________.
One way we can save endangered species and permanently (7) _______________ these habitats is to
create and support national parks and reserves. National parks encourage people to enjoy the
(8)_______________ of species without harming them.
People who visit these parks must be sure to obey a few rules. These include following fire regulations,
leaving (9) _______________, placing all rubbish in a bin, not picking the flowers, and not taking birds' eggs.
Public (10) _______________ will help ensure the survival of our plant and animal species. SECTION 2. Questions 11-15
You will hear part of a radio interview with the mountaineer and explorer Nikos Magitsis. For questions
11-15, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear.
11. For most of the year, Nikos Magitsis works __________. A. at a school
B. for the local authority
C. at a sports centre D. privately
12. While kayaking, Nikos and his group were surprised by the sight of __________. A. an unusual animal
B. a school of dolphins C. a sunken ship D. the local people
13. According to Nikos, mountaineers __________.
A. often misunderstand each other's intentions
B. experience friction under extreme conditions
C. form close bonds with the surrounding environment
D. appreciate the importance of trust in the team
14. Regarding the problem with frostbite on Everest, Nikos is __________. A. philosophical B. frustrated C. indifferent D. dismissive
15. Nikos's conquest of Carstensz Pyramid was special because it was __________.
A. a dream he had had since a child
B. the second time he had climbed it
C. the first time a Greek had done this
D. his second historic achievement for his country SECTION 3. Questions 16-25
You will hear a short recording about boredom. Complete the summary below. Write NO MORE THAN
THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER taken from the recording for each answer.
 Boredom, aka ennui, first described in the year (16)_______________, is a potentially dangerous (17)_______________.
 Two groups of boredom-prone individuals are those who find the world “chronically under-stimulating”
and those who spend their life in their comfort zone due to (18)_______________.
 A South African study indicated boredom as the (19)_______________ to the use of drug, alcohol and cannabis. 1
 Research conducted on (20)_______________ in Britain found a causal relation between boredom and an
increased (21) _______________.
 According to evolutionary psychologists, curiosity might move us off (22) _______________ of everyday
life and into trying new things, keeping us alive and stimulating our (23) _______________.
 Terrible as it might seem, boredom is actually mentally beneficial, as it allows for (24) _______________
and daydreaming, giving us the opportunity to organize our thoughts, and dwell and mull things over.
 Without boredom, the speaker argues, we would all be (25) _______________. PART B. LEXICO-GRAMMAR
Exercise 1. Choose the best option A, B, C or D to complete each sentence.
1. He has never set foot in the jungle before. This is going to be his _______ voyage. A. final B. initial C. swan D. maiden
2. They met their family doctor at the party who managed to _______ some advice to their only child who aspires to be a doctor too. A. inject B. diagnose C. dispense D. prescribe
3. She was so _______ by the fierce tigers that even her favorite toy could not calm her down. A. petrified B. mummified C. justified D. electrified
4. She can _______ fluently for hours. A. perverse B. converse C. adverse D. preserve
5. We _______ today and I got into trouble because I hadn't done it.
A. were checked our homework
B. had our homework checked
C. have our homework checking
D. had checked our homework
6. You can go to the party tonight _______ you are sober when you come home. A. as long as B. as far as C. as soon as D. as well as
7. She must _______ in the garage when we came. That's why she didn't hear the bell. A. work B. be working C. have worked D. have been working
8. It’s essential that every student _______ the exam before attending the course. A. passes B. would pass C. passed D. pass
9. I decided to go to the library as soon as I_______.
A. would finish what I did B. finished what I did
C. finished what I was doing D. finish what I did
10. Please cut my hair _______ the style in this magazine.
A. the same length like B. the same length as C. the same long like D. the same long as
11. _______ in this national park declined from a few thousand to a few hundred in ten years.
A. For a number of tigers
B. The number of tigers C. A number of tigers
D. That the number of tigers
12. _______, he would have been able to pass the exam. A. Studying more B. Had he studied more C. If he studied more
D. If he were studying more
13. When I got my case back, it had been damaged _______ repair. A. over B. further C. above D. beyond
14. We intend to _______ with the old system as soon as we have developed a better one. A. do up B. do in C. do away D. do down
15. - Host: “I’m terribly sorry for this inconvenience.” - Guests: "__________."
A. It’s mine. I came late
B. It’s not your fault
C. I’ll do better next time D. Fine, thanks
16. The heavy rain _______ the rescue team's effort of discovering more bodies. A. destroyed B. impeded C. delayed D. blocked
17. The newspaper's _______ has been falling for a number of years. A. audience B. readership C. reputation D. status
18. I prefer _______ newspapers to tabloids. A. broadsheet B. widespread C. expansive D. extensive
19. In my first year at university I lived in the halls of _______. A. residence B. abode C. dwelling D. accommodation 2
20. Fortunately, the number of students _______ out of school is lower. A. falling B. plummeting C. dripping D. dropping
Exercise 2. Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals to form a word that fits in the gap. There is
an example at the beginning (0). Example: 0. MAJORITY Animal Free Circuses
A recent poll on the use of animals in circuses showed that the (0) _______ (MAJOR) of people in the
UK now disapproves of it. Circuses which employ animals are no longer seen as a form of
(21)_______(HARM) entertainment; in fact, most people think they should be banned outright. Eighty
percent of those interviewed (22) _______ (EQUIVOCAL) declared that the use of endangered wild
animals such as elephants and tigers should be prohibited, while sixty-five percent said no animals
(23)_______(WHAT) should be used in circuses.
A large proportion also claimed they were opposed to the inevitable (24)______ (BRUTAL) involved in
training animals to perform tricks. Animals in the wild do not juggle balls, ride monocycles, leap through
(25)_______ (FIRE) hoops or wear clown costumes. Furthermore, besides being kept in
(26)_______(CONFINE), circus animals travel for most of the year, living a life of
(27)_______(DEPRIVE). Unfortunately, there is evidence to indicate that most animals face
(28)_______(TREAT) on a daily basis.
The number of people who visit animal free circuses these days is over twice the number of those who
visit traditional circuses. Animal free circuses are growing in number as well as (29)_______ (POPULAR),
and many say that the quality of the acts performed by humans far (30) _______ (EXCESS) those acts that use animals.
PART C. READING COMPREHENSION
Exercise 1. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate
the correct word for each of the blanks. Supraphonic CORDLESS PHONE
Please follow these instructions carefully Installation
Locate the grey twin cable and (1) _______ it into your wall-mounted telephone (2) _______. Next, insert
the auto-rechargeable battery into the (3) _______ in the back of the telephone. Place the (4) _______ on the
telephone base and look at the electronic (5) _______ at the top right. It should read “Ready to connect."
(6)_______ “000" using the telephone (7) _______. After a few seconds, you should see the message "Ready" on the telephone. Operation
Your cordless phone is operated similarly to a (8) _______ phone. You need to (9) _______ the aerial
before you use your phone. After use, the aerial (10) _______ automatically. 1. A. thrust B. plug C. check D. push 2. A. catch B. section C. nook D. jack 3. A. niche B. gap C. compartment D. void 4. A. receiver B. headset C. handle D. recipient 5. A. screen B. reel C. display D. picture 6. A. Phone B. Call C. Form D. Dial 7. A. controls B. keypad C. switchboard D. dialler 8. A. usual B. common C. conventional D. typical 9. A. draw B. extend C. lengthen D. prolong 10. A. recalls B. retreats C. retracts D. recoils 3
Exercise 2. You are going to read an extract from an article. Seven paragraphs have been removed from
the extract. Choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap (11-17). There is one extra
paragraph which you do not need to use.
As a mathematician with strong musical interests who grew up in a family of musicians, I have been
asked about the connection between music and maths many times. And I have bad news: although there are
some obvious similarities between mathematical and musical activity, there is (as yet) no compelling
evidence for the kind of mysterious, almost magical connection that many people seem to believe in. I'm
partly referring here to the 'Mozart Effect; the hypothesis that children who have heard music by Mozart are
supposedly more intelligent, including at mathematics, than children from a control group. 11.
Of course, this conclusion does not show that there is no interesting connection between mathematics
and music. It was always a little implausible that lazily listening to a concerto would earn you extra marks on
that maths test you are taking tomorrow, but what about learning to read music or spending hours practising
the piano? That takes genuine effort. 12.
Demonstrating a connection of this kind is not as easy as one might think. To begin with, there are
plenty of innumerate musicians and tone-deaf mathematicians, so the best one could hope to demonstrate
would be a significant positive correlation between aptitudes at the two disciplines. And then one would face
all the usual challenges of establishing a statistical connection. 13.
And yet, the belief that the two are interestingly related won't go away without a fight. I cannot help
observing that among the mathematicians I know, there do seem to be a surprising number who are very good indeed at the piano. 14.
Indeed, yes, we can. For a start, both mathematics and music deal with abstract structures, so if you
become good at one, then it is plausible that you become good at something more general - handling abstract
structures - that helps you with the other. If this is correct, then it would show a connection between
mathematical and musical ability, but not the kind of obscure connection that people hope for. 15.
Of course, abstract structures are not confined to mathematics and music. If you are learning a foreign
language then you need to understand its grammar and syntax, which are prime examples of abstract
structures. And yet we don't hear people asking about a mysterious connection between mathematical ability and linguistic ability. 16.
In an effort to dispel this air of contradiction, let me give one example of a general aptitude that is
useful in both mathematics and music: the ability to solve problems of the "A is to B as C is to D" kind.
These appear in intelligence tests (car is to garage as aircrash is to what?) but they are also absolutely central
to both music and mathematics. 17.
I take the view that the general question of whether mathematical ability and musical ability are
related is much less interesting than some similar but more specific questions. Are musicians more drawn to
certain composers (Bach, for instance)? Are musical mathematicians more drawn to certain areas of
mathematics? One can imagine many interesting surveys and experiments that could be done, but for now
this is uncharted territory and all we can do is speculate.
A. I feel that it would be more like the straightforward link between ability at football and ability at
cricket. To become better at one of those then you need to improve your fitness and co-ordination. That
makes you better at sport in general.
B. For example, identifying and controlling for other potentially influential factors is difficult, and as
far as I know, there has been no truly convincing study of that type that has shown that musical ability
enhances mathematical ability or vice versa.
C. The second phrase is a clear answer to the first. But one can be more precise about what this
means. If you try to imagine any other second phrase, nothing seems 'right' in the way that Mozart's chosen phrase does. 4
D. Could it be that the rewards for that time-consuming dedication spill over into other areas of
intellectual life, and in particular into mathematics? Is there any evidence that people who have worked hard
to become good at music are better at mathematics than people who are completely unmusical? And in the
other direction, are mathematicians better than average at music?
E. My guess is that that is because the link exists but not the uncertainty: grammar feels
mathematical. Music, by contrast, is strongly tied up with one's emotions and can be enjoyed even by people
who know very little about it. As such, it seems very different from mathematics, so any connection between
the two is appealingly paradoxical.
F. It is not hard to see why such a theory would be taken seriously: we would all like to become
better at mathematics without putting in any effort. But the conclusions of the original experiment have been
grossly exaggerated. If you want your brain to work better, then not surprisingly, you have to put in some
hard graft; there is no such thing as an intellectual perpetual-motion machine. Mozart CDs for babies and
toys that combine maths and music might help, but not much, and the effects are temporary.
G. I believe that there is a study waiting to be done on this: are mathematicians more drawn to this
rather than to other instruments? Of the mathematicians I can think of who are superb instrumentalists, all
but one are pianists. While we wait for scientific evidence to back up the anecdotal evidence, can we at least
argue that it is plausible that there should be a connection?
H. Music is full of little puzzles like this, if you are good at them, then when you listen to a piece,
expectations will constantly be set up in your mind. Of course, some of the best moments in music come
when one's expectations are confounded, but if you don't have the expectations in the first place then you will miss out on the pleasure.
Exercise 3. Read the text and do the tasks that follow.
Corporate Social Responsibility
Broadly speaking, proponents of CSR have used four arguments to make their case: moral obligation,
sustainability, license to operate, and reputation. The moral appeal- arguing that companies have a duty to
be good citizens and to “do the right thing” - is prominent in the goal of Business for Social Responsibility,
the leading nonprofit CSR business association in the United States. It asks that its members “achieve
commercial success in ways that honor ethical values and respect people, communities, and the natural
environment.” Sustainability emphasizes environmental and community stewardship.
A. An excellent definition was developed in the 1980s by Norwegian Prime Minister Gro Harlem Brundtland
and used by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development "Meeting the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” The notion of license to
operate derives from the fact that every company needs tacit or explicit permission from
governments, communities, and numerous other stakeholders to do business. Finally, reputation is used by
many companies to justify CSR initiatives on the grounds that they will improve a company's image,
strengthen its brand, enliven morale, and even raise the value of its stock.
B. To advance CSR, we must root it in a broad understanding of the interrelationship between a corporation
and society while at the same time anchoring it in the strategies and activities of specific companies. To say
broadly that business and society need each other might seem like a cliché, but it is also the basic truth that
will pull companies out of the muddle that their current corporate-responsibility thinking has created.
Successful corporations need a healthy society. Education, health care, and equal opportunity are essential to
a productive workforce. Safe products and working conditions not only attract customers but lower the
internal costs of accidents. Efficient utilization of land, water, energy, and other natural resources makes
business more productive. Good government, the rub of law, and property rights are essential for
efficiency and innovation. Strong regulatory standards protect both consumers and competitive companies
from exploitation. Ultimately, a healthy society creates expanding demand for business, as more human
needs are met and aspirations grow. Any business that pursues its ends at the expense of the society in which
it operates will find its success to be illusory and ultimately temporary. At the same time, a healthy society
needs successful companies. No social program can rival the business sector when it comes to creating the
jobs, wealth, and innovation that improve standards of living and social conditions over time.
C. A company’s impact on society also changes over time, as social standards evolve and science progresses.
Asbestos, now understood as a serious health risk, was thought to be safe in the early 1900s, given the
scientific knowledge then available. Evidence of its risks gradually mounted for more than 50 years 5
before any company was held liable for the harms it can cause. Many firms that failed to anticipate the
consequences of this evolving body of research have been bankrupted by the results. No longer can
companies be content to monitor only the obvious social impacts of today. Without a careful process for
identifying evolving social effects of tomorrow, firms may risk their very survival.
D. No business can solve all of society’s problems or bear the cost of doing so. Instead, each company must
select issues that intersect with its particular business. Other social agendas are best left to those companies
in other industries, NGOs, or government institutions that are better positioned to address them. The essential
test that should guide CSR is not whether a cause is worthy but whether it presents an opportunity to create
shared value- that is, a meaningful benefit for society that is also valuable to the business.
However, Corporations are not responsible for all the world’s problems, nor do they have the resources to
solve them all Each company can identify the particular set of societal problems that it is best equipped to
help resolve and from which it can gain the greatest competitive benefit. Addressing social issues by creating
shared value will lead to self-sustaining solutions that do not depend on private or government subsidies.
When a well-run business applies its vast resources, expertise, and management talent to problems that it
understands and in which it has a stake, it can have a greater impact on social good than any other
institution or philanthropic organization.
E. The best corporate citizenship initiatives involve far more than writing a check: They specify clear,
measurable goals and track results over time. A good example is GE’s program to adopt underperforming
public high schools near several of its major U.S. facilities. The company contributes between $250,000
and $1 million over a five-year period to each school and makes in-kind donations as well. GE managers and
employees take an active role by working with school administrators to assess needs and mentor or tutor
students. In an independent study of ten schools in the program between 1989 and 1999, nearly all
showed significant improvement, while the graduation rate in four of the five worst performing schools
doubled from an average of 30% to 60%. Effective corporate citizenship initiatives such as this one create
goodwill and improve relations with local governments and other important constituencies. What's more,
GE’s employees feel great pride in their participation. Their effect is inherently limited, however. No matter
how beneficial the program is, it remains incidental to the company’s business, and the direct effect on GE's
recruiting and retention is modest.
F. Microsoft's Working Connections partnership with the American Association of Community Colleges
(AACC) is a good example of a shared-value opportunity arising from investments in context. The shortage
of information technology workers is a significant constraint on Microsoft’s growth; currently, there
are more than 450,000 unfilled IT positions in the United States alone. Community colleges, with an
enrollment of 11.6 million students, representing 45% of all U.S. undergraduates, could be a major solution.
Microsoft recognizes, however, that community colleges face special challenges: IT curricula are not
standardized, technology used in classrooms is often outdated, and there are no systematic professional
development programs to keep faculty up to date. Microsoft's $50 million five-year initiative was aimed at
all three problems. In addition to contributing money and products, Microsoft sent employee volunteers to
colleges to assess needs, contribute to curriculum development, and create faculty development institutes.
Note that in this case, volunteers and assigned staff were able to use their core professional skills to address a
social need, a far cry from typical volunteer programs. Microsoft has achieved results that have
benefited many communities while having a direct- and potentially significant-impact on the company.
G. At the heart of any strategy is a unique value proposition: a set of needs a company can meet for its
chosen customers that others cannot. The most strategic CSR occurs when a company adds a social
dimension to its value proposition, making social impact integral to the overall strategy. Consider
Whole Foods Market, whose value proposition is to sell organic, natural and healthy food products to
customers who are passionate about food and the environment. The company's sourcing emphasizes
purchases from local farmers through each store's procurement process. Buyers screen out foods containing
any of nearly 100 common ingredients that the company considers unhealthy or environmentally damaging.
The same standards apply to products made internally. Whole Foods’ commitment to natural and
environmentally friendly operating practices extends well beyond sourcing. Stores are constructed using
a minimum of virgin raw materials. Recently, the company purchased renewable wind energy credits equal
to 100% of its electricity use in all of its stores and facilities, the only Fortune 500 company to offset its
electricity consumption entirely. Spoiled produce and biodegradable waste are trucked to regional centers for
composting. Whole Foods' vehicles are being converted to run on biofuels. Even the cleaning products used 6
in its stores are environmentally friendly. And through its philanthropy, the company has created the Animal
Compassion Foundation to develop more natural and humane ways of raising farm animals. In short, nearly
every aspect of the company’s value chain reinforces the social dimensions of its value proposition,
distinguishing Whole Foods from its competitors. Questions 18-24
The reading passage has seven paragraphs, A-G
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-G from the list below. Write the correct number, i-viii, in
boxes 18-24 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings i.
How CSR may help one business to expand ii.
CSR in many aspects of a company's business
iii. A CSR initiative without a financial gain
iv. Lack of action by the state of social issues
v. Drives or pressures motivate companies to address CSR
vi. The past illustrates businesses are responsible for future outcomes vii.
Companies applying CSR should be selective viii.
Reasons that business and society benefit each other ------------------- 18. Paragraph A 22. Paragraph E 19. Paragraph B 23. Paragraph F 20. Paragraph C 24. Paragraph G 21. Paragraph D
Questions 25-26 Summary
Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of the reading passage, using NO MORE THAN
TWO WORDS from the reading passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 25-26 on your answer sheet.
The implement of CSR, HOW?
Promotion of CSR requires the understanding of interdependence between business and society.
Corporations’ workers’ productivity generally needs health care, Education, and given (25)_______.
Restrictions imposed by government and companies both protect consumers from being treated unfairly.
Improvement of the safety standard can reduce the (26) _______ of accidents in the workplace. Similarly,
society becomes pool of more human needs and aspirations. Questions 27-30
Use the information in the passage to match the companies (listed A-C) with opinions or deeds below. Write
the appropriate letters A, B or C in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet.
List of companies A. General Electronics B. Microsoft C. Whole Foods Market
NB: you may use any letter more than once
27. The disposable waste
28. The way company purchases as goods
29. Helping the undeveloped
30. Ensuring the people have the latest information 7
Exercise 4. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions.
Majority Rule & Minority Rights
While it is correct that the American system of government allows for some popular input -there are
relatively free and fair elections, for example-it is not technically a direct democracy. From the Greek words
meaning "rule by the people," the term democracy does not apply, in its strictest sense, to any modern
system of national government. This is because no truly direct democracy could ever work efficiently in a
society of more than a few thousand people. The American form of government can be classified as a
republic, or a representative democracy. This system was designed to avoid certain features of other
democratic models that the American founders saw as dangerous flaws.
One central issue concerned the powers that majorities and minorities are afforded. In a democracy,
all citizens take part in the political process by voting, at least that is the ideal. In a direct democracy, issues
are decided not by elected representatives of the voters but by the voters themselves. The majority of the
voters, often defined as half plus one, could decide to raise taxes, to declare war, or even to change a
country's basic constitution. The founders of the American nation recognized, however, that a majority
could thereby take important rights away from the minority group. Imagine a direct democracy in
which, say, thirty percent of the voters were very tall. A question comes up for a vote: "Since tall people
have interests so different from those of the rest of society, should they be prevented from voting in public
elections?" If a strong anti-tall feeling happened to be running through society at that time, the non-tall
seventy percent could vote "yes" and stop the tall thirty percent from ever again peacefully changing public
policy. Nothing in the system would prevent the non-tall from keeping their hold on power indefinitely, even
if population changes eventually placed tall people in the majority. Since tall people could not vote, it would
not, officially matter how many of them there were. As you might guess, this situation, which started out as
an exercise in direct democracy, would probably end in a revolution.
The framers of the US system, notably Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, knew that such a
"tyranny of the majority" could threaten democratic systems, and they felt obliged to protect against it. In
the 200-some years since the ratification of the Constitution, this protection has occasionally proved
inadequate, but it remains nonetheless. The two fought very hard to include a Bill of Rights in the
Constitution in order to protect the rights of minorities. For instance, the First Amendment grants the right to
speak freely and to petition the government. The government is bound by the Constitution to allow such
expression, and it is not within the government's power to change it without the approval of three-fourths of
the states. Even if the majority dislikes what a certain minority asks for, the minority's rights are protected by
a law outside the control of a temporary majority. Madison was adamant that such limitations be in place
because, as he saw it, equality in political rights should not depend on equality in wealth or social standing.
Madison was correct to see that a lower economic status could equal lower political rights if limitations were
not clearly set out and protected in a document beyond the reach of the majority.
During and after the War of Independence, the thirteen colonies formed a weak central government
under the Articles of Confederation. Each state had its own system of government, many of which included
legislatures that were highly pliable in the hands of strong majorities. With no equally powerful branch of
government to force a broader view, these legislatures were essentially free to shape the law to the current
purposes of such majorities. They had little reason to pay attention to minority viewpoints, because
minorities do not win elections. A series of tracts called The Federalist, written in large part by Madison and
Alexander Hamilton, called for a remedy in the form of a national system of checks and balances. Their
ideas prevailed for the most part and were written into the new US Constitution, which created restraints on
any over-ambitious majority trying to hijack the system. The judicial branch, for example, helps restrict the
power of the legislative branch, as when the Supreme Court rules that a law passed by a majority in the
Congress is unconstitutional. In this way, even if the majority of the day tries to overturn the laws that
protect minorities, the judicial branch can step in with a judgment based on a stable, hard-to-change
statement of larger principles.
31. Which of the following can be inferred about direct democracy from paragraph 1?
A. It helps keep elections fair.
B. It is the foundation of all republics.
C. In some situations, it might work.
D. So far, no society has tried it.
32. The word afforded in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______. A. spent B. lent C. divided D. given 8
33. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 2?
Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. The founders knew that majorities might force minority groups to do most of the work.
B. The founders knew that majorities could use direct democracy to harm minorities.
C. The founders recognized a conflict between majority rule and democratic principles.
D. The founders recognized that the majority's point of view is not always correct.
34. The author mentions the conflict between a tall minority and a non-tall majority in order to _______.
A. illustrate how a majority might oppress a minority
B. show how a minority might protect its rights
C. note how a society might be destroyed by prejudice
D. provide an example of how direct democracy leads to revolutions
35. The word tyranny in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _______. A. basic rights B. high percentage
C. excessive control D. social change
36. The word it in paragraph 3 refers to _______. A. the US system
B. the tyranny of the majority
C. the democratic system
D. the interests of short people
37. Which of the following is protected by the First Amendment to the US Constitution? A. The Bill of Rights
B. Freedom to criticize the government
C. Representative democracy
D. The stability of the Constitution
38. The word pliable in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _______. A. effective B. powerful C. changeable D. accessible
39. According to paragraph 4, which of the following is true about the Supreme Court?
A. It is part of the judicial branch.
B. It is part of the legislative branch.
C. It opposes majority rule.
D. It was established by The Federalist.
40. Paragraph 4 states that, to effectively protect the rights of minorities, a constitution should do all of the following EXCEPT
A. be easy to manipulate B. be hard to change
C. include a system of checks and balances
D. restrain the power of the majority
Exercise 5. You are going to read an article about young people travelling abroad. For questions 41-50,
choose from the sections of the article (A-E). The sections may be chosen more than once.
In which section does the writer ...
criticise the behaviour of some travellers? 41. ____
admit to being too stubborn in one situation? 42. ____
remember the kindness of a particular local official? 43. ____
express a dislike for a certain piece of equipment? 44. ____
suggest remaining calm in the face of provocation? 45. ____
recall being given advice about a personal matter? 46. ____
suggest a better alternative to a financial transaction? 47. ____
advise against having a tight schedule when travelling? 48. ____
encourage us to find out about the needs of local people? 49. ____
recall choosing to travel in a relatively uncomfortable way? 50. ____
You should aim to make friends on your international travels and avoid upsetting anyone.
A. If you want to break the ice in almost any social situation abroad, remember you're a guest in someone
else's country. So you should make some effort to speak the language. Obviously, you can't expect to be
fluent, even just getting by can be difficult if you haven't got the time or aptitude, but any attempt, however
embarrassing, makes an enormous difference. The first time I set foot in China, I only knew three words of
Mandarin, which I'd never heard pronounced properly. In the event, my first attempts at conversation proved
so entertaining to my hosts that I was promptly presented with a gift. So it's worth trying to meet local
people and getting into conversation. Even if you end up speaking mostly in a shared second language, you
can learn a lot about one another. I once travelled third class on a train from Harare to Bulawayo, partly
because I thought it would make the overnight journey more interesting. Since there were no spare seats, I 9
ended up crammed between carriages. But it wasn't long before the guard took pity on me, inviting me back
to his cabin where he plied me with both stories and refreshments until I couldn't take any more of either.
B. The key to stress-free travel is never to give yourself a deadline to meet. As soon as you do, things
inevitably start to unravel, and there's often very little you can do about it, so you have to make the most of
things. I often find that the highlights I tell the most entertaining anecdotes about are times when things
didn't quite go according to plan. For example, on what should have been a twelve-hour, cross-country drive
to the airport in Mongolia, our jeep got stuck a bog. Forced to camp overnight, we awoke to find a small
party of local nomads on horseback, complete strangers, organising our recovery. We were eventually
delayed by twenty-four hours, but it turned out to be the most memorable day of the entire trip.
C. In many countries, haggling is part of everyday life, but unless you're after something quite pricey, it's not
worth taking to extremes. I once spent a fraught morning in a Nairobi market haggling over the price of a rug
until I was blue in the face, but the seller wouldn't budge below his final price. It was only later that I
realised I'd been giving this guy a hard time for the sake of one euro. The bottom line is stop haggling when
you stop enjoying it. Of course, even if you're as nice as pie, there are always going to be people who try to
take advantage or abuse their position, and that's true of any country. If you do feel an official is being
unreasonable, be polite and stand your ground. The worst thing you can do is lose your temper; the chances
are that's exactly what your antagonist is after, and it'll just make them all the more determined to be difficult.
D. Travelling should always be a two-way experience. The more your hosts can learn about you and your
country, the more you'll both get out of it. Ideal in this regard are postcards from home: pictures of the
capital will always go down well as the scenes may already be familiar to your hosts, but pictures of where
you actually live and snaps of friends and family are ideal for breaking the ice. It's amazing how many times
I've been told which of my friends I should marry, for example! Gifts are also a good idea, but in addition to,
not as a substitute for, getting to know people. If you do some research beforehand, you can take something
that might also be useful or of interest to those you meet. In many countries, few things will ingratiate you
more with your hosts, for example, than things connected with the ‘beautiful game’. I was on a kayaking trip
in a remote region when I first experienced this phenomenon. We were on the riverbank, surrounded by a
group of excited young children, but having not a word of their language, all I could do was smile. Then one
kid gave us the thumbs up sign and said ‘Manchester United’ in heavily-accented English. A lively exchange
of players' names ensued, much to everyone's amusement.
E. But you'll want to take home some mementos too, and this usually involves photography. I'm not a fan of
sneaking shots of people with long telephoto lenses unless they're just a small part of a bigger image. Many
people are camera-shy and, in some cultures, suspicious of photography, thanks largely to insensitive
foreigners thrusting cameras in the direction of reluctant subjects, particularly children. So if you're into
portraits, make the effort to talk to your subject first. To my mind, a portrait without a name or a story has no
more value than a landscape without a location. But, at the very least, get permission first. If you ask
someone to do something for a photo, then it seems reasonable to recompense them for their time, but this is
no substitute for giving people some of your own time. PART D. WRITING
Exercise 1. Write a summary of the passage within 70-80 words.
The color of animals is by no means a matter of chance; it depends on many considerations, but in the
majority of cases tends to protect the animal from danger by rendering it less conspicuous. Perhaps it may be
said that if coloring is mainly protective, there ought to be but few brightly colored animals. There are,
however, not a few cases in which vivid colors are themselves protective. The kingfisher itself, though so
brightly colored, is by no means easy to see. The blue harmonizes with the water, and the bird as it darts
along the stream looks almost like a flash of sunlight.
Desert animals are generally the color of the desert. Thus, for instance, the lion, the antelope, and the
wild donkey are all sand-colored. “Indeed,” says Canon Tristram, “in the desert, where neither trees,
brushwood, nor even undulation of the surface afford the slightest protection to its foes, a modification of
color assimilated to that of the surrounding country is absolutely necessary. Hence, without exception, the
upper plumage of every bird, and also the fur of all the smaller mammals and the skin of all the snakes and
lizards, is of one uniform sand color.” 10
The next point is the color of the mature caterpillars, some of which are brown. This probably makes
the caterpillar even more conspicuous among the green leaves than would otherwise be the case. Let us see,
then, whether the habits of the insect will throw any light upon the riddle. What would you do if you were a
big caterpillar? Why, like most other defenseless creatures, you would feed by night, and lie concealed by
day. So do these caterpillars. When the morning light comes, they creep down the stem of the food plant, and
lie concealed among the thick herbage and dry sticks and leaves, near the ground, and it is obvious that
under such circumstances the brown color really becomes a protection. It might indeed be argued that the
caterpillars, having become brown, concealed themselves on the ground, and that we were reversing the state
of things. But this is not so, because, while we may say as a general rule that large caterpillars feed by night
and lie concealed by day, it is by no means always the case that they are brown; some of them still retaining
the green color. We may then conclude that the habit of concealing themselves by day came first, and that
the brown color is a later adaptation. Your answer: 11 Exercise 2.
The chart below shows what Anthropology graduates from one university did after finishing their
undergraduate degree course. The table shows the salaries of the anthropologists in work after 5 years.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Salaries of Anthropology graduates (after 5 years’ work) Type of employment
$25,000-49,999 $50,000-74,999 $75,000-99,999 $100,000+ Freelance consultants 5% 15% 40% 40% Government sector 5% 15% 30% 50% Private companies 10% 35% 25% 30% Your answer: 12
Exercise 3. Write an essay on the following topic.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Parents should hide their negative emotions, such as anger or sorrow, from their children.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Your answer: 13
END OF TEST – BEST OF LUCK! 14