Đề thi chọn đội tuyển thi học sinh giỏi quốc gia môn Tiếng Anh năm học 2017-2018 tỉnh Lào Cai (bài thi 02)
Đề thi chọn đội tuyển thi học sinh giỏi quốc gia môn Tiếng Anh năm học 2017-2018 tỉnh Lào Cai (bài thi 02) giúp các bạn học sinh sắp tham gia các kì thi Tiếng Anh tham khảo, học tập và ôn tập kiến thức, bài tập và đạt kết quả cao trong kỳ thi sắp tới. Mời bạn đọc đón xem!
Môn: Đề thi chọn học sinh giỏi Tiếng Anh lớp 12 THPT & đội tuyển dự thi học sinh giỏi Quốc gia THPT
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Đề thi chọn học sinh giỏi Tiếng Anh lớp 12 THPT & đội tuyển dự thi học sinh giỏi Quốc gia THPT
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Đề thi chọn HSG Tiếng Anh từ lớp 9 đến lớp 12 cấp trường, quận/ huyện, tỉnh/ thành phố
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SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO LÀO CAI
KỲ THI CHỌN ĐỘI TUYỂN THI HỌC SINH GIỎI QUỐC GIA
ĐỀ THI CHÍNH THỨC NĂM HỌC: 2017-2018 Môn thi: TIẾNG ANH
Thời gian thi: 180 phút (không kể thời gian giao đề) Số phách Ngày thi: 4/10/2017 Đề thi có 15 trang
Thí sinh không được sử dụng tài liệu, kể cả từ điển.
Giám thị không giải thích gì thêm.
Part 1: Read the article below. For questions 70 to 75, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which
you think fits best according to the text. RIVARY OR COMPETION
Rivalry differs from other kinds of competition in its intimacy. It often contenders a psychological prize
people cannot win in other contexts, the chance to beat someone obnoxiously familiar, someone whose
abilities and traits are frustratingly matched with their own. Whether on the field, in a classroom or at
work rivalry changes more than our body chemistry. Researchers are now finding that it also sways our
minds, changing how we think and behave during competiton -and outside of it. Rivalry not only boosts
motivation but can also disrupt rational thinking, bias memories and encourage unethical behaviour.
Although competition has long interested social psychologists, only recently have scientists looked at
situations involving true rivals. They are discovering that the psychology of rivalry differs in important
ways from that of ordinary competition. On the positive side, rivalry can be highly motivating. In
unpublished work, social psychologist Gavin J. Kilduff of New York University's Stem Schools of Business
analysed six years' worth of race results achieved by a running club in New York to identify rival racers-
runners who were evenly matched, similar to one another in race and gender, and who frequently
competed against one another. Kilduff found that runners consistently ran faster when competing against
rivals. The mere presence of a rival could trim between 20 and 30 seconds off a runner's total race time in a five-kilometre race.
Rivalry can often hamper performance, however, especial y when it comes to decision- making. In a 2005
study, negotiations expert Deepak Malhotra of Harvard Business School and his col eagues asked
participants to imagine themselves at an auction for a one-of-a-kind item for which they agreed to pay no
more than $ 150. In the final round of bidding, some of the participants were told there were eight other
contenders for the item, whereas others were told they were up against only one, to simulate a type of
rivalry. Then the researchers told all participants that a competitor had bid $150 and that they had to
decide whether as to bid higher. Participants facing a single bidder rated their excitement and anxiety as
much higher than those bidding against a group and were far more likely to exceed the preset bidding
limit. This behaviour is economical y inational, because the more bidders remaining in the final round, the
more the the contested object is likely to be worth.
Rivalry impairs not only our judgment but also people's memories. In a study published in February.
psychologist Kevin S. LaBar of Duke University invited male fans of the Duke men's basketbal team and of
the Duke's Mal University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill to watch their teams face each other on a big
screen TV. Each participant watched the game with two or three other fans of the same team. Lacer
LaBar asked the fans to view segments of the game while lying in a functional MRI machine. Each
segment focused on a single play whose outcome clearly benefited either Duke or U.N.C. - but the clip
always ended just before the play did, at which point the fan tried to recall how the play ended. Uttar
found that fans remembered outcomes that favoured their team far more accurately than those benefiting the rival team.
Because we encounter people we consider rivals quite often - both in and outside direct competition -
rivalries may alter our motivation and moral code on a regular basis, Kilduff believes. Logging onto 1 | P a g e
Facebook in the morning and scrol ing through your newsfeed only to stumble on a personal rival’s
obnoxious status update or vain photos could influence your behaviour and decisions throughout the day.
You may be more likely to, say, run that red light, cut in line at the movie theatre, claim a co-worker's idea
as your own or tell a white lie to excuse a transgression against someone you love.
In related work, also unpublished, Kilduff tested the relationship between rivalry and unethical
behaviour by simulating rivalries in the laboratory. He set up two contests. In the rival condition,
students repeatedly faced the same opponent and experienced narrow margins of victory and defeat; in
the ordinary competition situation, participants faced different opponents and experienced lopsided
margins. The students who faced a rival later scored higher on a test of Machiavellian attitudes, which
measures whether people endorse selfish, devious and manipulative behaviour. High scores on this scale
are correlated with unethical actions such as cheating, lying and exploitation. Competing against a rival,
Kilduff says, may bring out the inner Machiavelli in people. 'Rivalry opens up the possibility you might
behave irrational y or unethically based solely on the relationship you have with your competitor. It just changes everything.
(From Scientifx Arnett., Mind)
70. What comment does the writer make in the first paragraph about rivalry?
A. Its effects are always harmful.
B. It makes us feel that we understand our opponents better.
C. It has a greater influence on us than our body chemistry does.
D. It creates opportunities that can't be derived from normal competition.
71. What did Gavin J. Kilduff's research show?
A. Contestants performed better when up against unknown rivals.
B. Competing against those with comparable abilities improved performance.
C. Athletes ran faster when competing gainst more than one rival.
D. Athletes' performance improves during a race once they realize that their opponents are capable of beating them.
72. What happened during Deepak Malhotra's simulated auction?
A. Those told that they were bidding against just one person became more determined to succeed.
B. Those who thought that they were bidding against a group never bid higher than the agreed price limit.
C. Al the participants behaved in a highly competitive manner.
D. Al those who thought that they were bidding against a group had no sense of rivalry.
73. What did the research carried out on basketball fans prove?
A. Participants remembered more when watching the match with other fans of their team.
B. Fans watching with rivals were unable to remember any positive aspects of the opposing team's performance.
C. Participants felt more rivalry towards opponents when watching the match with other fans of their team.
D. Fans were more likely to recal positive features of their own team's performance.
74. What does the writer imply that Kilduff believes in paragraph 5?
A. Being made aware of the achievements of others can be disorientating.
B. Comparing our own achievements with a rival's can motivate us.
C. People who seek out information about their rivals on Facebook are likely to behave badly.
D. Feeling envious of the achievements of others is a natural reaction.
75. What conclusion does Kilduff come to about rivalry?
A. The margins between victory and defeat are bigger between rivals than between ordinary competitors.
B. In a competition situation, participants behaved in an unethical fashion.
C. Students who had confronted a rival showed more unscrupulous character traits.
D. There was no evidence to show that students who competed against a rival exhibited worse behaviour than those who did not. 2 | P a g e Your answers 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75.
Part 2: You are going to read an extract from a book on human rights. Seven paragraphs have been
removed from the extract. Choose from the paragraphs A—H the one which fits each gap (76-82).
There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use.
VALUES FOR A GODLESS AGE
When the Berlin Wal came tumbling down in 1989 so did the plaster cast which had kept the idea of human
rights in limbo. It was now free to evolve in response to the changing conditions of the late twentieth century. 76
Of course, in one sense, the quest for universal human rights standards after the Second World War was
an early attempt to communicate across national boundaries, albeit a rather faltering endeavour, with its
claims to universality challenged both in terms of authorship and content. More recently, a loosening of the
reins of the human rights dialogue has ushered in wider debate. 77
Perhaps the best known of these is Amnesty International, established in 1961. Before Amnesty, there
were very few organizations like it, yet now there are thousands operating al over the world. Whether
campaigning for the protection of the environment or third-world debt relief, any such organization is
engaged in the debate about fundamental human rights. And it is no longer just a soft sideshow. 78
The fact that strangers from different countries can communicate with each other through the worldwide web
is having a similar effect in dealing a blow to misinformation. During one recent major human rights trial over
sixty websites sprang up to cover the proceedings, while sales of the government-control ed newspaper in that country plummeted. 79
The effect of increased responsibility at this highest level has been to continually extend the consideration
of who is legally liable, directly or indirectly, under international human rights law. In part, this is an
acknowledgement that even individuals need to be held responsible for flagrant breaches of others' rights,
whether these are preventing protesters from peaceful y demonstrating or abusing the rights of children. 80
It has been noted that paradoxically, in such circumstances, it may be in the interests of human rights
organizations to seek to reinforce the legitimacy and authority of the state, within a regulated global framework. 81
Part of the new trend in human rights thinking is therefore to include powerful private bodies within its
remit.The International Commission of Jurists has recently explored ways in which international human
rights standards could be directly applied to transnational corporations. 82
Whatever the way ahead, the lessons of the past must be learnt. Any world view or set of values which is
presented as self-evident is ultimately doomed to failure.The case for human rights always needs to be made 3 | P a g e
and remade. In a world where globalization too often seems like a modernized version of old-fashioned cultural
imperialism, it is important to query the claim that human rights are universal y accepted. A
The problem is that the growth of globalization makes the protection of nation states a
pointless goal in certain circumstances. Transnational corporations with multiple subsidiaries
operating in a number of countries simultaneously wield significant economic and political
power and it is often extremely difficult for the state - both home and host governments
- to exercise effective legal control over them. B
If the proliferation of pressure groups has raised the profile of the human rights debate,
satellite television has reinforced much of the content of their campaigns. The fact that from
our armchairs we can all see live what is happening to others around the world has had an
enormous impact on the way the struggle for human rights is viewed. It would not be
remotely believable to plead ignorance nowadays, for 24-hour news coverage from the
world's hotspots reaches us all. C
This is, after all, a uniquely propitious time, as the values and language of human rights are
becoming familiar to more and more people, who judge the merits or otherwise of political
and economic decisions increasingly in human rights terms. Arguments seem fresh and
appealing in many quarters where once they sounded weak and stale. D
On a global scale, it is not strong states that are the problem here but weak ones,
as they fail to protect their citizens from private power-whether it is paramilitaries
committing murder and torture or transnational corporations spreading contamination and pollution. E
One of the most significant of these is what has come to be called 'globalization', the
collapsing of national boundaries in economic, political and cultural life. From the
expanding role of the world's financial markets and the spread of transnational
corporations to the revolution in communications and information technology, more and
more areas of people's lives are affected by regional, international or transnational
developments, whether they are aware of this or not. F
Not only must states not infringe rights, and enforce those rights which fall within
their direct sphere (like providing a criminal justice system or holding fair elections),
but they also have 'positive obligations' to uphold rights enshrined in human rights
treaties, even when it is private parties which have violated them. G
The results of its investigations were published in 1999 in a unique pamphlet on
Globalization, Human Rights and the Rule of Law. The issue to be faced is whether to
treat these and other corporations as 'large para-state entities to be held
accountable under the same sort of regime as states', or whether to look for different
approaches to accountability 'that are promulgated by consumer groups and the corporations themselves'. H
No longer the preserve of representatives of nation states meeting under the auspices
of the United Nations, a developing conversation is taking place on a global scale and
involving a growing cast of people - for an increasing range of pressure groups now
frame their aspirations in human rights terms. Your answers 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 4 | P a g e
Part 5: For questions 83 to 95, read the article about the Megacities and do the tasks that follow.
UNLIKELY BOOMTOWNS: THE WORLD’S HOTTEST CITIES
Megacities like London, New York and Tokyo loom large in our imaginations. They are stil associate with
fortune, fame and the future. They can dominate national economies and politics. The last fifty years has
been their era, as the number of cities with more than ten mil ion people grew from two to twenty. But
with all espect to the science-fiction novelists who have envisioned a future of urban giants, their day is
over. The typical growth rate of the population within a megacity has slowed from more than eight per
cent in the 1980s to less than half that over the last five years, and numbers are expected to be static in
the next quarter century. Instead, the coming years will belong to a smal er, far humbler relation — the Second
City. Within a few years, more people will live in cities than in the countryside for the first time in human
history. But increasingly, the urban core itself is downsizing. Already, half the city dwel ers in the world live in
metropolises with fewer than half-a-mil ion residents. Second Cities — from exurbs, residential areas outside
the suburbs of a town, to regional centres — are booming. Between 2000 and 2015, the world's smallest
cities (with under 500,000 people) will grow by 23 per cent, while the next smallest (one million to five
million people) will grow by 27 per cent. This trend is the result of dramatic shifts including the global real-
estate bubble; increasing international migration; cheaper transport; new technologies, and the fact
that the baby-boom generation is reaching retirement age.
The emergence of Second Cities has flowed naturally (if unexpectedly) from the earlier success of the
megacities. In the 1990s, megacities boomed as global markets did. This was particularly true in areas with
high-tech or 'knowledge-based' industries like finance. Bonuses got bigger, bankers got richer and real-estate
prices in the world's most sought-after cities soared. The result has been the creation of what demographer
William Frey of the Washington-based Brookings Institute calls 'gated regions' in whi both the city and
many of the surrounding suburbs have become unaffordable for al but the very wealthy.
'Economical y, after a city reaches a certain size its productivity starts to fal ,' notes Mai Pezzini, head of
the regional-competitiveness division of the OECD. He puts the tipping point at about six million people, after
which costs, travel times and the occasional chaos 'create a situation in which the centre of the city may be
a great place, but only for the rich, and the outlying areas become harder to live and work in'. One reaction
to this phenomenon is further sprawl — high prices in the urban core and tradition suburbs drive
people to distant exurbs with extreme commutes into big cities. As Frey notes, in the major US
metropolitan areas, average commuting times have doubled over the last fifteen years. Why does one
town become a booming Second City while another fails? The answer hinges whether a community
has the wherewithal to exploit the forces pushing people and businesses out of the megacities. One key is
excellent transport links, especially to the biggest commercial centre. Though barely a decade old,
Goyang is South Korea's fastest-growing city in part because it is 30 minutes by subway from Seoul.
Another growth driver for Second Cities is the decentralization of work, driven in large part by new
technologies. While more financial deals are done now in big capitals like New York and London than ever
before, it is also clear that plenty of booming service industries are leaving for 'Rising Urban Stars' like
Dubai, Montpel ier and Cape Town. These places have not only improved their Internet backbones, but
often have technical institutes and universities that turn out the kinds of talent that populate growth
industries. Consider Montpel ier, France, a case study in urban decentralization. Unntil the 1980s, it was like a
big Mediterranean vil age, but one with a strong university, many lovely vil as and an IBM manufacturing base.
Once the high-speed train lines were built, Parisians began pouring in for weekend breaks. Some bought
houses, creating a critical mass of middle-class professionals who began taking advantage of flexible
working systems to do three days in Paris, and two down South, where things seemed less pressured.
Soon, big companies began looking at the area; a number of medical-technology and electronics firms
came to town, and IBM put more investment into service businesses there. To cater to the incoming
professionals, the city began building amenities: opera house, a tram line to discourage cars in the
city centre. The result, says French urban-plann ing expert Nacima Baron, is that “the city is now ful of
cosmopolitan business people. It's a new society”. All this means that Second Cities won't stay small. Indeed 5 | P a g e
some countries are actively promoting their growth. Italy, for example, is trying to create tourist hubs of
towns close to each other with distinctive buildings and offering different yet complementary cultural
activities. Devolution of policymaking power is leaving many lesser cities more free than ever to shape their
destinies. To them al : this is your era. Don't blow it. Questions 83 - 85:
Which THREE of the following statements are true of megacities, according to the text?
A. They tend to lead the way in terms of fashion.
B. Their population has ceased to expand.
C. They reached their peak in the second half of the twentieth century.
D. 50 percent of the world’s inhabitants now live in them.
E. They grew rich on the profits from manufacturing industry.
F. Their success begins to work against them at a certain stage.
G. It is no longer automatical y advantageous to base a company there. Questions 86 – 88:
The list below gives some possible reasons why small towns can turn into successful cities. Which
THREE of these reasons are mentioned by the writer of the text?
A. The existence of support services for foreign workers.
B. The provision of cheap housing for older people.
C. The creation of efficient access routes.
D. The ability to attract financial companies.
E. The expertise to keep up with electronic developments.
F. The maintenance of a special local atmosphere.
G. The wil ingness to imitate international-style architecture. Questions 89 – 95
Complete the summary using the list of words A – R below; Write the correct letter, A – R, in the space given. URBAN DECENTRALISATION
It is becoming increasingly obvious that large numbers of (89)___________ are giving up their expensive
premises in the megacities and relocating to smaller cities like Montpellier. One of the attractions of
Montellier is the presence of a good (90)__________that can provide them with the necessary skilled workforce.
Another important factor for Montpellier was the arrival of visitors from the (91) ___________. The
introduction of the (92) ___________meant that increasing numbers were able to come for short stays. Of
these, a significant proportion decided to get a base in the city. The city council soon realised that they
needed to provide appropriate (93) ___________for their new inhabitants. In fact, the (94) ___________
among them liked the more relaxed lifestyle so much that they took advantage of any (95) ___________
arrangements offered by their firms to spend more of the week in Montpellier. A. urban centres B. finance companies C. flexible D. tram line E. cosmopolitan F. service industries G. capital H. high-speed train I. infrastructure J. unskil ed workers K. jobs L. medical - technology M. professionals N. European Union O. amenities P. middle-age Q. overtime R. university Your answers 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 6 | P a g e 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95.
Part 1: Read the following article on Insomnia and use your own words to summarise it. Your
summary should be between 100 and 120 words long. (15 points)
INSOMNIA – THE ENEMY OF SLEEP
It is not unusual to have sleep troubles from time to time. But, if you feel you do not get enough
sleep or satisfying sleep, you may have insomnia, a sleep disorder. People with insomnia have
one or more of the fol owing: difficulty fal ing asleep, waking up often during the night and having trouble going back to
sleep, waking up too early in the morning and unrefreshing sleep. Insomnia is not defined by the number of hours you
sleep every night. The amount of sleep a person needs varies. While most people need between 7 and 8 hours of sleep
a night, some people do wel with less, and some need more. Insomnia occurs most frequently in people over age 60, in
people with a history of depression, and in women, especial y after menopause. Severe emotional trauma can also cause
insomnia with divorced, widowed and separated people being the most likely to suffer from this sleep disorder. Stress,
anxiety, il ness and other sleep disorders such as restless legs syndrome are the most common causes of insomnia. An
irregular work schedule, jet lag or brain damage from a stroke or Alzeimer’s disease can also cause insomnia as wel as
excessive use of alcohol or il icit drugs. It can also accompany a variety of mental il nesses.
Not getting enough sleep can make you less productive, irritable and unable to concentrate. Lack of sleep can make it
seem as if you "got up out of the wrong side of the bed.” Early morning headaches and waking up feeling as if you
never went to sleep can result in frustration. Stress can cause insomnia but insomnia also increases stress. Insomnia can
make driving unsafe as wel . Insomnia can result in missed work, which can cause you to become less productive and
miss promotions. It can leave you feeling as if you just can’t get enough done. Insomnia can also mask serious mental
disorders. People with insomnia may think that not getting enough sleep is their only problem, but the insomnia may
actual y be one symptom of a larger disorder, such as depression. Studies show that people with insomnia are four times
more likely to be depressed than people with a healthy sleeping pattern. In addition, lack of sleep can tax the heart and
lead to serious conditions like heart disease. Al of these are important problems that can affect every part of your life.
There are some ways to help people have a better sleep. Improving one’s sleep hygiene is the effective way to improve
insomnia in al patients. Relaxing during the hour before you go to sleep and creating a comfortable environment suited
for sleep can be helpful. Older people who wake up earlier than normal or have trouble fal ing asleep may need less
sleep than they used to. Changing one’s sleep pattern, either by going to bed later or waking up earlier, can be effective
in dealing with insomnia in older people. Therapy also depends on the cause and severity of the insomnia. Transient and
intermittent insomnia may not require any direct action since these conditions last only a few days at a time. However, if
insomnia interferes with a person’s daily activities, something should be done. Usual y the best method of dealing with
insomnia is by attacking the underlying cause. For example, people who are depressed often have insomnia and looking
at this problem may eliminate it. Establishing certain set routines can also help insomniacs get better sleep. Examples of
these routines include: going to bed and getting up at the same time every day, avoiding napping, avoiding caffeine,
nicotine, alcohol and eating heavily late in the day, exercising regularly and making your bedroom comfortable in terms
of the bed, noise and temperature. Insomniacs should also only use their bedroom for sleep so that their bodies
associate the room with sleep. Final y, if you can’t get to sleep, don’t toss and turn al night. Get up and read or do
something that is not overly stimulating until you feel real y sleepy again.
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Part 2: The charts below show information about the top five supermarkets in the UK. Summarise
the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. (15 points)
Supermarkets - How the big five compare Number of UK stores
Tesco Employees in UK: 200,000 119
Asada Employees in UK: 117,000 480
J. Sainbury Employees in UK: 174,000 463
Safeway Employees in UK: 92,000 258
Morrisons Employees in UK: 46,000 730
UK Market share, September 2016 24.8 26 17 16.2 10 6 Others Tesco Asda J. Sainsbury Safeway Morrisons
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Part 3: Essay writing (30 points)
There is a fact that leaders in an organisation are normally old people. However, there is a
tendency that the young are holding the key positions in many organisations in our society.
Some people think younger leaders would be better. Do you agree or disagree?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Write at least 350 words.
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