Đề thi chọn học sinh giỏi lớp 12 THPT và đội tuyển dự thi học sinh giỏi Quốc gia THPT tỉnh Ninh Thuận năm học 2019-2020
Đề thi chọn học sinh giỏi lớp 12 THPT và đội tuyển dự thi học sinh giỏi Quốc gia THPT tỉnh Ninh Thuận năm học 2019-2020 giúp các bạn học sinh sắp tham gia các kì thi Tiếng Anh tham khảo, học tập và ôn tập kiến thức, bài tập và đạt kết quả cao trong kỳ thi sắp tới. Mời bạn đọc đón xem!
Môn: Đề thi chọn học sinh giỏi Tiếng Anh lớp 12 THPT & đội tuyển dự thi học sinh giỏi Quốc gia THPT
Trường: Đề thi chọn HSG Tiếng Anh từ lớp 9 đến lớp 12 cấp trường, quận/ huyện, tỉnh/ thành phố
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Tác giả:
Thông tin :
Môn:
Đề thi chọn học sinh giỏi Tiếng Anh lớp 12 THPT & đội tuyển dự thi học sinh giỏi Quốc gia THPT
Trường:
Đề thi chọn HSG Tiếng Anh từ lớp 9 đến lớp 12 cấp trường, quận/ huyện, tỉnh/ thành phố
Tác giả:
Tài liệu liên quan:
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Điểm bằng số Điểm bằng chữ Chữ ký G.khảo 1 Chữ ký G.khảo 2 Số phách Số T.tự bài thi
SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO
KỲ THI CHỌN ĐỘI TUYỂN NINH THUẬN
THAM DỰ KỲ THI CHỌN HSG QUỐC GIA NĂM HỌC 2019 - 2020
(Đề chính thức) Khóa ngày: 12 / 10 / 2019
(Đề thi gồm 17 trang/20 điểm) Môn thi: TIẾNG ANH
Thời gian làm bài: 180 phút
(Không kể thời gian phát đề)
SECTION I: LISTENING (50 POINTS)
Part 1: For questions 1-7, you will hear a student phoning to enquire about a car for sale.
Write One WORD OR A NUMBER for each answer. Category Details Owner’s name: Example: Bob Model: 1. Colour: 2. No. of cylinders: 3. No. of doors 4. Extras: 5. Price agreed ($) 6. $ Age (years) 7.
For questions 8-10, choose THREE answers from the list, and write the correct letter A-G in the
numbered boxes provided.
Which THREE features does the owner say make his car worth buying? A. Lots of registration. E. Quick acceleration. B. Being highly manoeuvrable F. Good re-sale potential C. Being easy to park G. Smoothly running engine. D. Fuel efficiency Your answers 8 -10
Part 2: For questions 11-20, you will hear a student called Tina asking Professor Van Diezen for
advice on choosing courses. Listen and give answers for the questions below. Write your answers
in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. 1 | P a g e Điểm bằng số Điểm bằng chữ Chữ ký G.khảo 1 Chữ ký G.khảo 2 Số phách Số T.tự bài thi
Questions 11-16: Choose the correct answer A, B, or C. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. GENERAL COURSE DETAILS
11. What is the defining characteristic of a specialized course? A. Taking a proficiency exam
B. Attending the class frequently C. Compulsory and regular
12. The Micro biology courses are available for _________ .
A. full-time and flexible-time students.
B. Microbiology students only.
C. students on a flexible schedule.
13. The Biology courses are available for ________ . A. all students. B. full-time students only. C. freshmen only.
14. Who are interested in Microbiology courses?
A. People who need work experience.
B. People from off –campus.
C. People who work at hospital.
15. A Medical Science course will be opened next year because ____ .
A. there are no experimental facilities.
B. the lab equipment is too expensive. C. the building is damaged.
16. Which is the quickest increasing subject in enrolment? A. Medical Science. B. Statistics C. Environmental Science Your answers 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Questions 17-19:
Choose THREE letters, A-G. Write your answers in the numbered boxes provided.
Which THREE compulsory courses must be taken? A. Medical Science E. Statistics B. Computing F. Medicine C. Mathematics G. Environmental Science D. Laboratory Techniques Your answers: 17-19.
Questions 20: Complete the sentence below.Write your answers in the numbered boxes provided.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for the answer.
There are three full scholarsships that cover tuition and provide $1,500 cash as a (20) _________ . Your answers: 20. 2 | P a g e Điểm bằng số Điểm bằng chữ Chữ ký G.khảo 1 Chữ ký G.khảo 2 Số phách Số T.tự bài thi
Part 3: For questions 21-30, You will hear an extract from a talk about students’ health and about
ways to avoid headaches. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
Complete the summary below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR NUMBER for each answer.
The most usual cause of headaches is (21) _________ but they can also come as a result of excessive
(22) ____________ . Many claim to get headaches from (23) __________ . This is probably because
they get quite (24) _____________ . It may also be from working in poor light which can make you
very (25) ___________ . It is helpful if your reading material is on a bookrest at (26) __________ to the
desk. Being (27) __________ before bed can also reduce the chances of getting a headache. You may
even get a headache because you (28) ___________ too hard or grind your teeth. The best advice is to
eat regularly, get enough (29) ___________ and avoid smoky places. Such places can also do you
serious (30) ___________ damage. Your answers 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
SECTION II. LEXICO-GRAMMAR (20 POINTS)
Part 1: For questions 31-42 , choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to each of the following
questions. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
31. The old house was _______________ furnished and we had to buy almost everything new. A. thinly B. sparsely C. mildly D. rarely
32. He was so mean that he couldn’t bear to ______ the smallest sum of money for the charity appeal. A. pay off B. part with C give in D let out
33. Is an inexperienced civil servant ________to the task of running the company? A. capable B. skilled C. eligible D. suited
34. Wasn’t it yourself ________the door open? A. to leave B. to have left C. who left D. that should leave
35. The government has made no ___________ in the fight against inflation; indeed, the situation has worsened recently. A. effect B. headway C. avail D. triumph
36. Making private calls on the office phone is severely _________ on in our department. A. frowned B. criticized C. regarded D. objected
37. When he examined the gun, the detective’s suspicion turned into ________. A. certainty B. confirmation C. reality D. conclusion
38. His emotional problems_________ from the attitudes he encountered as child, I think. A. flourish B. root C. Sprout D. stem 3 | P a g e Điểm bằng số Điểm bằng chữ Chữ ký G.khảo 1 Chữ ký G.khảo 2 Số phách Số T.tự bài thi
39. In the end, I just lost my ________ and started gabbling incoherently. A. mind B. brain C. head D. intelligence
40. It may be raining, but I’m ________ enjoying myself. A. thoroughly B. highly C. extremely D. desperately
41. ________, modelling is actually hard work.
A. Even it may seem glamorous B. Yet it may seem glamorous C. Glamorous as though it is
D. However glamorous it may seem
42. I’ve had this car for 12 years, but now I’m having more and more problems with it. Clearly it’s ________. A. on its hind legs B. got its back up C. got its heart set D. on its last leg
Your answers (Only write A, B, C or D in the box): 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42.
Part 2. For questions 43–50 , write the correct FORM of each bracketed word in the numbered space
provided in the column on the right. 0 has been done as an example.
Second Language Learning Your answers:
There has been much debate in recent times about when 0. YOUNG
(0. YOUTH) ___________ people should take up a second
language. This has been especially fuelled in recent times by the
increasing (43. IMPORTANT) __________ placed on the 43. _____________________
English language. It is now commonplace to see parents providing
a substantial amount of (44. FUNDING) __________ on 44. _____________________
additional tuition on language lessons to give their children every
(45. COMPETITION) ___________ edge. In the past decade, 45. _____________________
language institutes have sprung up in numerous centres, all
claiming to provide rapid (46. ADVANCED) _______ in English. 46. _____________________
There has been a push by many parents to expose their children to
English in their formative years. This, many claim, will make the
language more (47. INSTINCT) ____________ and ensure that all 47. _____________________
pronunciation errors can be avoided. There is some evidence which
points to youngsters who have been raised in bilingual families,
where the language spoken at home is different to the one that 48. _____________________
they (48. CONVERSATION) _____________ with in their
external environment. While these children can switch between two 49. _____________________
languages with greater (49. EASY) ______________, it remains to
be seen whether this is (50. ADVANTAGE) ________________ 50. _____________________
when learning additional languages. 4 | P a g e Điểm bằng số Điểm bằng chữ Chữ ký G.khảo 1 Chữ ký G.khảo 2 Số phách Số T.tự bài thi
SECTION III. READING (60 POINTS)
Part 1: For questions 51-59, fill each of the following numbered blanks with ONE suitable word.
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
Music magazine has eye on China
US publication Rolling Stone magazine is to launch in China. The magazine, (51) ______
should hit shelves early next year, will focus on China's emerging youth culture as well as foreign arts
and entertainment. Rolling Stone (52) ______ first published in San Francisco in 1967 to chronicle
cultural changes in the US. "We feel Chinese music and arts are maturing rapidly and that a Chinese
edition (53) ______ be viable," said Jimmy Jung, of One World Publishing. Rolling Stone (54) ______
licensed Hong Kong-based One World to publish the Chinese-language edition. Mr Jung said the
magazine, to be printed in simplified Chinese characters, will contain a mix of local content (55) ____
primarily by Beijing-based staff and translations of articles from the US edition. "We want to make
(56) _______ that we're faithful to the spirit of the brand," said Jung. He added that while Hong Kong
and Taiwan had more developed pop cultures, mainland China was (57) _____ important. "We feel
China offers greater potential and we want to be there from the (58) _______," said Jung, whose
company also (59) ______ Chinese editions of British car magazine, Top Gear and gadget magazine T3. * Your answers 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59.
Part 2: For questions 60-72, Read the article about the generations and do the tasks that follow.
Write your answers in the numbered boxes provided.
The Generational Power Balance
Throughout history, the clash between the old and the young has been a defining feature of both
reality and literature. Parents have power over their children… but as those juveniles approach
adolescence, they begin to put pressure on their parents’ power. They test the rules; they rebel; they
create their own rules. The parents are puzzled, frustrated and resentful about the shift in the balance of
power. They fight back; try to exert their leadership in an attempt to maintain their power. But as they
grow towards old age, they are forced to relinquish it, while the world changes into a place they cease to recognize from their youth.
The friction between old and young is set to become a feature of the twenty first century, as we
approach a period where the balance of power reaches virgin territory. This is not to say that
relationships between the generations are expected to worsen; rather that the unprecedented
demographic changes to come will have knock-on effects that we cannot yet imagine.
How can we be so sure that trials lie ahead? Demographic trends are incredibly easy to predict.
Decades pass between the birth of children and their growth into adulthood, while rises in life
expectancy due to affluence and better medical care are gradual. Consequently, it is possible to predict
accurately what proportion of the population will be economically active, and what proportion will be
dependant, for a considerable time in the future. Hence, we know that rising as people are living longer
and having fewer children – and having them later in life - population structure will skew much more towards the aged. 5 | P a g e Điểm bằng số Điểm bằng chữ Chữ ký G.khảo 1 Chữ ký G.khảo 2 Số phách Số T.tự bài thi
Statistical prediction is one thing. Predicting the implications of such trends on society is another
thing entirely. In the 1900s, demographers could – or at least should – have predicted that trend toward
city-living as opposed to country-living was likely to continue, as indeed it did, becoming one of the
most defining features of the twentieth century. The political, economic, social and environmental
implications of this shift were much harder to predict, however.
Many economically developed countries already fear that by 2025, there will be too few young
tax-payers in the working population to support those in old age. This is the generation that requires
pensions, medical care, local services and other benefits. Governments are already putting in steps, such
as compulsory work pensions and increases in the retirement age in an attempt to mitigate the
problem. How effective these measures prove to be remains to be seen. Moreover, this isn’t just a
predicament for richer countries. All less economically developed countries outside the AIDS stricken
regions of Sub-Saharan African are experiencing the same demographic trends, and, unless their
economies develop extremely quickly, their populations will suffer much more.
Economically, therefore, adults will be at the mercy of the elderly. Governments will be obliged
to put money and efforts into the provision for the elderly and working adults will have to forego their
share. But perhaps such a conclusion is too glib. The scenario could pan out in differently. After all,
rising elderly populations also bring opportunities for the young, such as in employment in products and
services geared towards the older generation. Moreover, the shift comes at a time when seniority is
beginning to count for less in the workplace than in the past. Youthful traits, such as innovation,
creativity and familiarity with new technology are being recognized more and more. Perhaps power will
not shift towards the elderly as much as demographic data suggests.
Add another twist, and we realize that the older generation are not the old-fashioned bedridden fuddy-
duddies that they perhaps were perceived to be in the past. The over-seventies look younger and are
fitter than ever. Moreover, their tastes are less divergent from those of younger generations than they
used to be. They listen to rock music, study at university, embrace new hobbies, travel and socialize.
The lines between youth and age, culturally at least, have blurred.
This may mean that a standard retirement age may become a thing of the past, as vigorous
people in their seventies and eighties choose to carry on working. Such a trend would greatly ease the
tax burden on the younger generations, as well as giving the older generation more choice. However, it
comes as a two edged coin, as young, inexperienced workers would be forced to compete for jobs with
the seasoned workers,; while those in employment may never get the promotion they desire if the old
guy at the top refuses to quit.
Of course, the predictions envisaged in this scenario will only come to pass if the world develops
in a relatively benign way. In the twentieth century population shifts were irrevocably altered by world
war and economic depression, and similar events could afflict coming generations too. Until we know
for sure, we can rest easy in the knowledge that the problems which arise now are the problems of
success – problems that arise through economic growth, better medication, reduced inequality and by maintaining peace.
For questions 60 – 65, decide whether the following statements are True (T), False (F), or Not
given (NG). Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
60. The population patterns predicted for the 21st century have never happened before.
61. Predictions about the size of the human population can be made quite successfully.
62. In 1900 it was difficult to see that many people would move to urban areas.
63. Many rich countries are concerned about a significant imbalance in old and young people by 2025. 6 | P a g e Điểm bằng số Điểm bằng chữ Chữ ký G.khảo 1 Chữ ký G.khảo 2 Số phách Số T.tự bài thi
64. The consequences of an imbalance between the old and the young would be worse in developed
countries than in developing countries.
65. In most developed countries today the elderly are respected less than in the past. Your answers: 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
For questions 66-68, write ONE WORD for each answer. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
In future, working age adults will probably have to ___ (66) ___ their allocation of government funds,
as they are used to provide for the elderly.
Nowadays, in the workplace hierarchy, less status is given to people with ___ (67) ___.
The difference between the definition of an old person and a young one is more _(68)_ than in the past. 66. 67. 68.
For questions 69 - 72, complete the summary with ONE or TWO words from the text. Write your
answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
In future, governments may abolish the fixed ___(69) ___ , meaning that fitter elderly could help to
contribute towards relieving the __ (70) __ on the working population. However, there are negative
implications of this, as experienced workers may be considered more employable, and there would be
fewer opportunities for ___ (71) __ among younger workers. However, it is worth remembering that all
these difficulties come as a result of __ (72) ___ . Your answers: 69. 70. 71. 72.
Part 3: You are going to read a newspaper article. Seven paragraphs have been removed from the
article. Choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap (73-79). There is one extra
paragraph which you do not need to use. Write you answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
The Perils of Pizza Making
It looks easy but it really isn't, says Chandos Elletson, whose efforts turned out far from perfect.
My first pizza was cremated. I hadn't even got to the toppings, let alone the tossing stage. I was stuck on
the rolling-out bit. I fast discovered that specialist pizza chefs - pizzaioli - don't use rolling pins, they use
their hands to shape the dough into perfect circles. Francesco Sarritzu, the pizzaiolo at The Park
restaurant in Queen's Park, London, where I went to be trainee for the evening, took one look at my sorry effort and sighed. 73 7 | P a g e Điểm bằng số Điểm bằng chữ Chữ ký G.khảo 1 Chữ ký G.khảo 2 Số phách Số T.tự bài thi
Real, or original, pizza is an art: the pizzaiolo is baker, fire stoker and cook. A wood-burning oven is an
essential part of the proceedings. However, before the pizzas get to the fire, they have to be properly
shaped and it was this procedure that was causing me all the grief. 74
From here it was all hands. He pressed out the dough with his fingers, all the time working in flour and
pressing the edges out until a small round circle had emerged. He then threw it into his hands, twirling it
to shake off the excess flour. He did not toss it in the air. "Tossing is for show; he said disdainfully. ‘It is
not necessary.’ Once the flour was shaken off, he put the dough onto the steel work surface with one
half of it hanging over the edge. One hand pressed and stretched and the other pulled in the opposite
direction. Before you could say 'pizza Margherita' there was a perfect circle ready to be topped. 75
The object is to press out the edges, not the centre, using the flour to dry out the stickiness. However,
the temptation to press everything in sight to make it stretch into a circular shape is too strong; before
I knew it, I had thick edges and a thin centre. 76
Then I noticed, to my horror, that some customers were watching me. "Shall we watch the man make
the pizza?" a man asked his young daughter, who he was holding in his arms. 77
A hole appeared in the centre. 'Look, Daddy. There's a hole, the little girl said. I looked up from my
work, crestfallen. I was defeated. It's my first evening, I admitted. Francesco stepped in with the paddle
and my second pizza went where the first one had gone: on the fire. We all watched it go up in flames. 78
Francesco noticed and applauded. I wanted to call back the little girl and tell her: “I can do it! It's just
like swimming!” My base was not perfectly round but it was not bad. It wasn't perfectly even but it
was certainly an improvement. We decided to top it. We put on a thin smear of tomato sauce and Some mozzarella. 79
When I got there, Francesco showed me where to put it. There was a point in the deep oven away from
the fire, where the pizzas go when they are first put into the oven. I put the long handle deep into the
oven and, feeling the heat on my arms, brought it back sharply. The pizza slid onto the floor of the oven.
My first pizza was in the oven and not being burnt alive.
The missing paragraphs
A. To put those things right, I did as Francesco had done and slapped it with the palm of my hand. This
made me feel better and I slapped it again. Next, I did some twirling and the flour showered everywhere. 8 | P a g e Điểm bằng số Điểm bằng chữ Chữ ký G.khảo 1 Chữ ký G.khảo 2 Số phách Số T.tự bài thi
B. Instead, Francesco quickly made one of his own to act as a comparison. When they were done and
brought from the oven, we had a tasting. The result was astonishing. Mine was tough and crunchy in
places, not bad in others. His was perfectly crispy and soft everywhere.
C. Having done that, it was time to get it on to the paddle, which felt like a pole vault. With one
determined shove, the pizza went on halfway. Another shove forward got it on completely but put an
ugly buckle in it. I turned and headed for the oven.
D. Francesco made it look easy. He showed me what to do again and I tried to take it in. The chilled
dough balls, pre-weighed at 170g, were all ready in a special fridge below the work counter. The dough
was sticky and Francesco worked fast. First it was dropped into a large pile of flour and then it was
mixed with a small handful of polenta.
E. Clearly, the stage was all mine. 1 had been told to concentrate on the edges using the flat edge of
my hand under my little finger. I started to work the dough and tried to stretch it. It did begin to take
shape, but as soon as I let it go it just went back again and didn't get any bigger. I felt more and more
eyes on me. Then the worst thing happened.
F. That was because it wasn't so much a circle as an early map of the world. Silently, Francesco
reached for his pizza paddle, scooped it up and threw it disdainfully into the red-hot stone oven, where it
burnt rapidly on top of a funeral pyre of burning wood. I made up my mind that my future efforts would
be good enough to be spared the death sentence.
G. I was baffled and embarrassed as it did so, but I thought I was onto something. On my next attempt,
I quickly got to the shaping stage with half the pizza hanging over the edge. This was where I had gone
wrong. Using only the bottom edge of my hands with my fingers working the edges, I started to do the
breast stroke: fingers together, fingers apart, working and stretching. It began to work.
H. I moved nervously into position to have a go at achieving the same result myself I scooped up a
piece of dough from its snug tray. It immediately stuck to my fingers and when I threw it at the flour, it
just remained stuck. I had to pull it off. The first bit is easy, or so it seems, but unless you follow the
right procedure you sow the seeds of later failure. Your answers: 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79.
Part 4: For questions 80 - 90, read the passage and do the tasks that follow.
Birds that feed in flocks commonly retire together into roosts. The reasons for roosting communally are
not always obvious, but there are some likely benefits. In winter especially, it is important for birds to
keep warm at night and conserve precious food reserves. One way to do this is to finda sheltered roost.
Solitary roosters shelter in dense vegetation or enter a cavity – hormed larks dig holes in the ground and
ptarmigan burrow into snow banks - but the effect of sheltering is magnified by several birds huddling
together in the roosts, as wrens, swifts, brown creepers, bluebirds, and anis do. Body contact reduces the
surface area exposed to the cold air, so the birds keep each other warm. Two kinglets huddling together
were found to reduce their heat losses by a quarter and three together saved a third of their heat.
The second possible benefit of communal roosts is that they act as "information centers." During
the day, parties of birds will have spread out to forage over a very large area. When they return in the 9 | P a g e Điểm bằng số Điểm bằng chữ Chữ ký G.khảo 1 Chữ ký G.khảo 2 Số phách Số T.tự bài thi
evening some will have fed well, but others may have found little to eat. Some investigate have
observed that when the birds set out again next morning, those birds that did not feed well on the
previous day appear to follow those that did. The behavior of common and lesser kestrels may illustrate
different feeding behaviors of similar birds with different roosting habits. The common kestrel hunts
vertebrate animals in a small, familiar hunting ground, whereas the very similar lesser kestrel feeds on
insects over a large area. The common kestrel roosts and hunts alone, but the lesser kestrel roosts and
hunts in flocks, possibly so one bird can learn from others where to find insect swarms.
Finally, there is safety in numbers at communal roosts since there will always be a few birds awake
at any given moment to give the alarm. But this increased protection is partially counteracted by the fact
that mass roosts attract predators and are especially vulnerable if they are on the ground. Even those in
trees can be attacked by birds of prey. The birds on the edge are at greatest risk since predators find it
easier to catch small birds perching at the margins of the roost.
80. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. How birds find and store food.
B. How birds maintain body heat in the winter.
C. Why birds need to establish territory.
D. Why some species of birds nest together.
81. The word "conserve" in line 3 is closest in meaning to ____ . A. retain B. watch C. locate D. share
82. Ptarmigan keep warm in the winter by ______ .
A. huddling together on the ground with other birds. B. Building nests in trees.
C. Burrowing into dense patches of vegetation
D. Digging tunnels into the snow.
83. The word "magnified" in line 6 is closest in meaning to _____ . A. caused B. modified C. intensified D. combined
84. The author mentions kinglets in line 8 as an example of birds that _____ .
A. protect themselves by nesting in holes. B. Nest with other species of birds C. Nest together for warmth
D. Usually feed and nest in pairs.
85. The word "forage" in line 11 is closest in meaning to ______ . A. fly B. assemble C. feed D. rest
86. Which of the following statements about lesser and common kestrels is true?
A. The lesser kestrel and the common kestrel have similar diets.
B. The lesser kestrel feeds sociably but the common kestrel does not.
C. The common kestrel nests in larger flocks than does the lesser kestrel.
D. The common kestrel nests in trees, the lesser kestrel nests on the ground.
87. The word "counteracted" in line 20 is closest in meaning to ______ . A. suggested B. negated C. measured D. shielded
88. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as an advantage derived by birds that
huddle together while sleeping?
A. Some members of the flock warm others of impending dangers.
B. Staying together provides a greater amount of heat for the whole flock.
C. Some birds in the flock function as information centers for others who are looking for food.
D. Several members of the flock care for the young. 10 | P a g e Điểm bằng số Điểm bằng chữ Chữ ký G.khảo 1 Chữ ký G.khảo 2 Số phách Số T.tự bài thi
89. Which of the following is a disadvantage of communal roosts that is mentioned in the passage?
A. Diseases easily spread among the birds.
B. Groups are more attractive to predators than individual birds.
C. Food supplies are quickly depleted
D. Some birds in the group will attack the others.
90. The word "they" in line 21 refers to _____ . A. a few birds B. mass roosts C. predators D. trees. Your answers: 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90.
Part 5: You are going to read an extract from an article about the attitudes of parents towards their
children. For questions 91-100, choose from the sections (A-F). The sections may be chosen more than once.
Write your answers on the line
In which section are the following mentioned? Your answers
a general pattern that emerges from the majority of investigations into favouritism 91 ……………
the need for parents to be conscious of the way they treat each of their children 92 …………….
a theory as to why a certain child may be the subject of favouritism 93 …………….
the extent to which children focus on their parents' attitude towards them 94 …………….
a feeling thet the study of favouritism may not be worthwhile 95 …………….
evidence of parents' greater tolerance for a certain child 96 …………….
the large variety of reasons affecting parents' attitudes towards their children 97 …………….
a factor that could affect the reliability of research into favouritism 98 …………….
distrust of what some parents say about favouritism in research 99 …………….
how difficult it is for parents to acknowledge favouritism 100 ……………. Parental Favouritism A.
The American science writer Jeffery Kluger has just published a book in which he argues that, whether
we admit it or not, parental favouritism is hard-wired into the human psyche. 'It is my belief that 95% of
the parents in the world have a favourite child, and the other 5% are lying, he declares in The Sibling
Effect: What the Bonds Among Brothers and Sisters Reveal About Us. That particular figure may be
guesswork, but there is plenty of evidence that would seem to back him up. Kluger cites a Californian 11 | P a g e Điểm bằng số Điểm bằng chữ Chữ ký G.khảo 1 Chữ ký G.khảo 2 Số phách Số T.tự bài thi
study of 384 families, who were visited three times a year and videotaped as they “worked through
conflicts.” The study found that 65% of mothers aņd 70% of fathers exhibited a preference for one
child. And those numbers are almost certainly under-representative, since people behave less natually when they are being watched. B.
Every couple of years, in fact, a new report comes out purporting to lift the lid on parental favouritism.
Most often - though by no means always - older siblings seem to come out on top. In 2009 two British
professors, David Lawson and Ruth Mace, published a study of 14,000 families in the Bristol area. They
found that each successive sibling received 'markedly' less care and attention from their parents than
their predecessors. Older siblings were even fed better, as a result of which they were likely to be up to
three centimetres taller than their younger siblings. They also had higher IQs, probably because they had
the benefit of their parents' undivided attention for the first part of their lives. C.
Anthropologists and evolutionary psychologists argue that there is a sound logic to this. A firstborn
automaticaly absorbs a huge amount of parental time and energy; and once you've invested that much in
one child, you might as well keep going - if only to protect the investment. However, a survey of 1,803
British parents with two children claimed to show that younger siblings were given preferential
treatment 59% of the time. Parents were more likely to side with a younger child in an argument, lavish
them with affection and let them have their own way. D.
It's at this point, I must admit, that I start to feel a bit impatient with the experts. A science that can
absorb so many contradictory variables hardly seems like science at all. And if, as the experts all seem
to agree, favouritism is so common as to be almost universal, doesn't that make it just well, normal?
Undoubtedly there are families where favouritism is blatant and sustained enough to be seriously
destructive. But in most cases, surely, it does not merit such pathologising. E.
When I solicited confessions of favouritism from my fellow parents, I had no luck at all. Lots of people
admitted to treating their children differentdy at different times, according to their needs (and how
annoying they're being). But not one felt this reflected any fundamental preference. It is simply part of
the warp and weft of family life. The truth is that favouritism is an awfully blunt word for such a
complicated subject. How we treat our children is affected by any number of shifting, interlacing
factors: birth order, gender, çhanges in circumstances, our own childhood experiences. Then, too, some
characters just hit it off better than others. F.
I think most of us have short-term favourites, depending on who's going through a "phase" says
Suzanne, a mother of four. 'You can feel immense affection for one child on a Tuesday who then drives
you to distraction on Wednesday. But the underlying love is just as intense for all of them. I think long-
term favouritism is bookselling nonsense in the majority of cases. In an anonymous online survey for
the website Mumsnet, 16% of mothers admitted to having a favourite child. That's quite a lot it's a big
deal to admit to such parental malpractice, if only to yourself but it hardly amounts to the psychological
pandemic of Kluger's imaginings. On the other hand, things do tend to look different from a child's
perspective. Even in the happiest families, siblings instinctively compete for their parents love.
Scrupulous emotional accountants, they are constantly totting up incidents of perceived unfairness. So it
makes sense for parents, too, to keep a watchful eye on their own behaviour. 12 | P a g e Điểm bằng số Điểm bằng chữ Chữ ký G.khảo 1 Chữ ký G.khảo 2 Số phách Số T.tự bài thi
SECTION IV. WRITING (60 POINTS)
Part 1: Read the following extract and use your own words to summarize it. Your summary should be between
100 and 120 words long. You MUST NOT copy the original.
Buying things today is so simple. Just enter a shop, say a book store, choose the desired book and pay
for it. Long ago, before the invention of money, how did people trade?
The most primitive way of exchange should be the barter trade. In this form of transaction, people used
goods to exchange for the things that they had in mind. For instance, if person A wanted a book and he
had a spare goat, he must look for someone who had the exact opposite, that is, that someone, say
person B, must have a spare book of person A's choice and is also in need of a goat. Having found such
a person, the problem does not end here. A big goat may worth not only one book, hence person B may
have to offer person A something else, say five chickens. However, he runs the risk of person A
rejecting the offer as he may not need the chickens. The above example clearly illustrates the
inefficiency of barter trading.
Many years later, the cumbersome barter trade finally gave way to the monetary form of exchange when
the idea of money was invented. In the early days, almost anything could qualify as money: beads, shells
and even fishing hooks. Then in a region near Turkey, gold coins were used as money. In the beginning,
each coin had a different denomination. It was only later, in about 700 BC, that Gyges, the king of
Lydia, standardized the value of cach coin and even printed his name on the coins.
Monetary means of transaction at first beat the traditional barter trade. However, as time went by, the
thought of carrying a ponderous pouch of coins for shopping appeared not only troublesome but thieves
attracting. Hence, the Greek and Roman traders who bought goods from people faraway cities, invented
checks to solve the problem. Not only are paper checks easy to carry around, they discouraged robbery
as these checks can only be used by the person whose name is printed on the notes. Following this idea,
banks later issued notes in exchange for gold deposited with them. These bank notes can then be used as
cash. Finally, governments of today adopted the idea and began to print paper money, backed by gold for the country's use.
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Part 2: The graph below shows the amounts of waste produced by three companies over a period of 15
years. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant. You should write about 150 words.
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Part 3: Write an essay of 350 words on the following topic
Some people think that it is necessary to travel abroad to learn about other countries, but other people
think that it is not necessary to travel abroad because all the information can be seen on TV and the
internet. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
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