Đề thi mẫu kỳ thi chọn HSG Quốc gia THPT năm học 2022-2023 môn Tiếng Anh
Đề thi mẫu kỳ thi chọn HSG Quốc gia THPT năm học 2022-2023 môn Tiếng Anh giúp các bạn học sinh sắp tham gia các kì thi Tiếng Anh tham khảo, học tập và ôn tập kiến thức, bài tập và đạt kết quả cao trong kỳ thi sắp tới. Mời bạn đọc đón xem!
Môn: Đề thi chọn học sinh giỏi Tiếng Anh lớp 12 THPT & đội tuyển dự thi học sinh giỏi Quốc gia THPT
Trường: Đề thi chọn HSG Tiếng Anh từ lớp 9 đến lớp 12 cấp trường, quận/ huyện, tỉnh/ thành phố
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Tác giả:
Thông tin :
Môn:
Đề thi chọn học sinh giỏi Tiếng Anh lớp 12 THPT & đội tuyển dự thi học sinh giỏi Quốc gia THPT
Trường:
Đề thi chọn HSG Tiếng Anh từ lớp 9 đến lớp 12 cấp trường, quận/ huyện, tỉnh/ thành phố
Tác giả:
Tài liệu liên quan:
Preview text:
BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO
KỲ THI CHỌN HỌC SINH GIỎI QUỐC GIA
TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG ĐỀ THI MINH HỌA
NĂM HỌC 2022 – 2023
Môn thi: TIẾNG ANH Số phách
Thời gian: 180 phút (không kể thời gian giao đề)
Ngày thi: …/…/……
Đề thi gồm có 12 trang
Thí sinh KHÔNG được sử dụng tài liệu, kể cả từ điển.
Giám thị KHÔNG giải thích gì thêm. I. LISTENING (50 points)
HƯỚNG DẪN PHẦN THI NGHE HIỂU ●
Bài nghe gồm có 4 phần; mỗi phần được nghe 2 lần, mỗi lần cách nhau 05 giây; mở đầu và kết thúc
mỗi phần nghe có tín hiệu. ●
Mở đầu và kết thúc bài nghe có tin hiệu nhạc. Thí sinh có 02 phút để hoàn chỉnh bài trước tín hiệu
nhạc kết thúc bài nghe. ●
Mọi hướng dẫn cho thí sinh đã có trong bài nghe.
Part 1. For questions 1-5, listen to a lecture about petrol chain stores in the UK and decide whether the
following statements are True (T), False (F) or Not Given (NG). Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes provided.
1. Telsa could appear in the market competition because of their special reduction for membership.
2. They raise capital by reducing the quantity of branches in southern Scotland.
3. They were forced to hire professional consultants.
4. Telsa had yet conquered the petrol market in the UK.
5. People advise that a new branch image be established to concentrate on selling fresh food. Your answers: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Part 2. For questions 6-12, listen to the recording and do the tasks that follow.
For questions 6 and 7, choose TWO letters from the list below (A-E) which answer the question. Write
your answers in the space provided.
Which statements describe the situation of shortage of water in South African town?
A. Many people are thirsty at the moment 6. ______________
B. It’s very alarming in terms of the remaining water level.
C. Dams’ water will probably be fil ed in the next half a decade. 7. ______________
D. There are taps supplying water which is enough for the poorest village.
E. People have no choice but to use water from the unclean source.
For questions 8-12, write NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS taken from the recording to answer each of the following questions.
8. What are the factors contributing to the lack of water in here?
________________________________________________________
9. What is more than 30% of the water lost?
________________________________________________________
10. What have the activists cautioned?
________________________________________________________
11. What does the council of Cabernet provide in the long term?
________________________________________________________ Page 1 of 12 page
12. What is the aim of the four year cycle?
________________________________________________________
Part 3. For questions 13-17, listen to part of a discussion between Marty, a fashion photographer, and
Lauren, a talent agent, about the paparazzi’s role in society and choose the answer (A, B, C, or D)
which fits best according to what you hear. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
13. What does Lauren’s ‘true feelings’ about the contribution of paparazzi?
A. She is dubious about its mishaps.
B. She does see the point of it.
C. She criticises detrimental effects.
D. She overly emphasises it impact.
14. What do Marty and Lauren agree on about the quality of the paparazzi’s work?
A. The technical skills are admirable.
B. The subject matter of the photos is often of importance.
C. The messy, unintentional style is never a desirable quality.
D. There are some rare photos that are worthy of being viewed.
15. What point does Lauren make about the paparazzi in comparision to professional photographers?
A. She asserts they both have their own negative sides to contend with.
B. She implies the value of their work is on an equal footing.
C. She says one tries to emulate the other’s images, in essence.
D. She says the result of their work is often very similar.
16. When regarding paparazzi’s skil s, Lauren ___.
A. points out that they lack formal training.
B. admires theirs though it’s rooted in dishonesty.
C. sympathizes because she knows how difficult getting a good shot is.
D. thinks they’re skilful and says it’s due to on-the-job training.
17. What does Marty state when regarding placing restrictions on the paparazzi?
A. He is thankful that they cannoy act without limits.
B. He wishes there were a special task force to remedy the pronblem.
C. He does not condone any physically imposed limitations.
D. He believes this is unfair, as their work has inspired him. Your answers: 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.
Part 4. For questions 18-25, listen to a report and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from
the recording for each answer. Write your answers in the space provided.
THE SECRECTS OF MARINE LIFE
Problem concerning over time:
Divers and equipment are unable to reach into the deep sea due to the (18) _________________________. Reveal its secrets:
1,419,120,000 cubic kilometers of water and has a lot of fish.
Many jellyfish which (19) _________________________ if they are threatened.
The giant Siphonophore Apolemia formed by lots of (20) _________________________.
When being drained, it is glamourous as in the land: peaks, canyons, river channels, …
Environmental problems:
In the isolated and (21) _________________________, a new specie was found having plastic in its stomach.
By 2050, it is predicted that plastic will dominate the sea.
Inadequate oxygen support appeared in (22) ____________________.
Our knowledge is not enough to explore the sea so it seems (23) _________________________ from the sea bed. Solutions:
(24) _________________________ is the intergral elements to remedy this problem. The role of the sea:
Offer oxygen for human life coming from (25) _________________________ including seaweed. Control our climate. Page 2 of 12 page
II. LEXICO AND GRAMMAR (20 points)
Part 1. For questions 26-40, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best each of the following
questions. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. 26.
The economy was described as a _____, with mounting debt and the highest public spending in Europe. A. lost cause B. false dawn C. dark horse D. basket case 27.
It is necessary that they _____ a bit and examine the history of the problem. A. backwash B. backfire C. backtrack D. backlash 28.
We need a more _____ assessment of the chances of ending the Russia-Ukraine war. A. moral B. sober C. plain D. vivid 29.
I usual y _____ work at about half past five so I’m home by six thirty most nights. A. end up B. knuckle down C. kick off D. knock off 30.
These two were booted out from the train, _____, because they tried to ride without tickets A. firmly B. doubtlessly C. well D. obviously 31.
Á development of remote areas continues, adventure holidays for the _____ traveller are harder to set up. A. intrepid B. undaunted C. undismayed D. intensive 32.
In certain industries, the workers’ _____ is not only cumbersome but also quite heavy. A. garment B. tog C. apparel D. attire 33.
Some areas of this city have council litter wardens who can _____ on-the-spot fines. A. fix B. compel C. impose D. prescribe 34.
From the Burj Al Arab Hotel’s marbled foyer to the artistic design of the top-floor restaurant, it _____ the style of Dubai. A. depicts B. reflects C. represents D. mirrors 35.
Try as he might, he only has a _____ of beating the big guy in my school. A. narrow squeak B. fat chance C. sticky end D. cleft stick 36.
This site is up for _____, providing a lot of informative resources for proficient English users. A. accumulation B. pick C. grabs D. arms 37.
We aim to teach kids that snakes aren't necessarily the bad guys they're _____ up to be. A. cracked B. creased C. lined D. valued 38.
The Minister _____ enquiringly at Miss Huong A. leered B. gazed C. ogled D. gaped 39.
Investors have taken _____ from the improving economic situation. A. courage B. heart C. meaning D. consolation 40.
It is said that there’s _____ between love and hatred. A. modest space B. a similar rope C. small distance D. a fine line Your answers: 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
Part 2. For questions 41-45, write the correct form of each bracketed word in each sentence in the
space provided in the column on the right. Your answers:
41. Helping others whom one has assumed no prior obligation to help is the 41. __________________
_____ (ESSENCE) way to make anyone’s existence significant to some degree.
42. When we set about _____ (JUVENILE) inner city areas there is no reason 42. __________________
why we should not use low-rise development.
43. Do you find his argument ______ (LOGIC)? There’s a flaw in it somewhere, 43. __________________
but I can’t put my fingure on it.
44. The more recent realities in my own career were begun either by chance 44. __________________
remark or unforeseen _____ (HAPPEN).
45. Without proper planning, design, and management, development activities 45. __________________
result in considerable generation of waste and other environmentally _____ (OBJECT) materials. Page 3 of 12 page III. READING (50 points)
Part 1. For questions 46-55, read the following passage and think of ONE word which fits best each
gap. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
The death toll (46) _____ a Russian missile attack in the town of Chasiv Yar in eastern Ukraine has
risen to at least 34. Emergency crews worked to pull people from the rubble. Zelenskiy (47) _____ Moscow of
deliberately targeting civilians in the attack which destroyed three buildings in a residential quarter. The latest
(48) _____, a nine-year-old child, was retrieved from the wreckage on Monday evening. Ukraine plans to
gather a “mil ion-strong” fighting force (49) _____ with western weapons to (50) _____ its southern territory
from Russia. Ukraine’s president ordered the military to recover occupied areas around the Black Sea
coast (51) _____ are vital to the country’s economy.
At least six people died after Russian rocket attacks on Monday morning on Kharkiv in north-east
Ukraine, (52) _____ to Ukraine’s prosecutor general’s office. About 80% of residents in Ukraine’s eastern
region of Donetsk (53) _____ fled, its governor said.
The United Nations says it will monitor the war in Ukraine for violations (54) _____ children, including
killings, injuries, recruitment, rape and other forms of (55) _____ violence. Your answers: 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55.
Part 2. Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow.
THE HARM THAT PICTURE BOOKS CAN CAUSE
There is a great concern in Europe and North America about declining standards of literacy in schools.
In Britain, the fact that 30 per cent of 16 year olds have a reading age of 14 or less has helped to prompt
massive educational changes. The development of literacy has far-reaching effects on general intellectual
development and thus anything which impedes the development of literacy is a serious matter for us all. So
the hunt is on for the cause of the decline in literacy. The search so far has focused on socioeconomic factors,
or the effectiveness of 'traditional' versus 'modern' teaching techniques.
The fruitless search for the cause of the increase in illiteracy is a tragic example of the saying 'They
can't see the wood for the trees'. When teachers use picture books, they are simply continuing a long-
established tradition that is accepted without question. And for the past two decades, illustrations in reading
primers have become increasingly detailed and obtrusive, while language has become impoverished —
sometimes to the point of extinction.
Amazingly, there is virtually no empirical evidence to support the use of illustrations in teaching reading.
On the contrary, a great deal of empirical evidence shows that pictures interfere in a damaging way with all
aspects of learning to read. Despite this, from North America to the Antipodes, the first books that many
school children receive are totally without text.
A teacher's main concern is to help young beginner readers to develop not only the ability to recognise
words, but the skills necessary to understand what these words mean. Even if a child is able to read aloud
fluently, he or she may not be able to understand much of it: this is called 'barking at text'. The teacher's task
of improving comprehension is made harder by influences outside the classroom. But the adverse effects of
such things as television, video games, or limited language experiences at home, can be offset by
experiencing 'rich' language at school.
Instead, it is not unusual for a book of 30 or more pages to have only one sentence full of repetitive
phrases. The artwork is often marvellous, but the pictures make the language redundant, and the children
have no need to imagine anything when they read such books. Looking at a picture actively prevents children
younger than nine from creating a mental image, and can make it difficult for older children. In order to learn
how to comprehend, they need to practise making their own meaning in response to text. They need to have
their innate powers of imagination trained.
As they grow older, many children turn aside from books without pictures, and it is a situation made
more serious as our culture becomes more visual. It is hard to wean children off picture books when pictures
have played a major part throughout their formative reading experiences, and when there is competition for
their attention from so many other sources of entertainment. The least intelligent are most vulnerable, but
tests show that even intelligent children are being affected. The response of educators has been to extend the
use of pictures in books and to simplify the language, even at senior levels. The Universities of Oxford and
Cambridge recently held joint conferences to discuss the noticeably rapid decline in literacy among their undergraduates.
Pictures are also used to help motivate children to read because they are beautiful and eye-catching.
But motivation to read should be provided by listening to stories well read, where children imagine in response
to the story. Then, as they start to read, they have this experience to help them understand the language. If Page 4 of 12 page
we present pictures to save children the trouble of developing these creative skills, then I think we are making a great mistake. Academic journals ranging from educational research, psychology, language learning,
psycholinguistics, and so on cite experiments which demonstrate how detrimental pictures are for beginner
readers. Here is a brief selection:
The research results of the Canadian educationalist Dale Willows were clear and consistent: pictures
affected speed and accuracy and the closer the pictures were to the words, the slower and more inaccurate
the child's reading became. She claims that when children come to a word they already know, then the
pictures are unnecessary and distracting. If they do not know a word and look to the picture for a clue to its
meaning, they may well be misled by aspects of the pictures which are not closely related to the meaning of
the word they are trying to understand.
Jay Samuels, an American psychologist, found that poor readers given no pictures learnt significantly
more words than those learning to read with books with pictures. He examined the work of other researchers
who had reported problems with the use of pictures and who found that a word without a picture was superior
to a word plus a picture. When children were given words and pictures, those who seemed to ignore the
pictures and pointed at the words learnt more words than the children who pointed at the pictures, but they
still learnt fewer words than the children who had no illustrated stimuli at all.
For questions 56-62, decide whether the following statements are True (T), False (F) or Not Given (NG).
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
56. It is traditionally accepted that children’s book should contain few pictures.
57. Reading methods currently in use go against research findings.
58. Readers are said to ‘bark’ at a text when they have difficulty assessing its meaning.
59. Dale Willows suggests that pictures can slow down reading process.
60. Children who do not comprehend the word are avised to see the images.
61. Pictorial books offered to low level readers led to mass perception among them.
62. Children turning a deaf ear to the provided pictures can learn all words in the text. Your answers: 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62.
For questions 63-68, complete the summary below by writing NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken
from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
The reduction of (63) __________ in some places has aroused wide anxiety among the public. The
growth of it also the elements holding back its growth will also reach into many effects. There are many
research carried out in order to identify some factors contributing to this issue including (64) __________ of
the past and contemporary era.
It is pointed out that children having a tendency of reading pictorial books are difficult to gradually stop
using them since their (65) __________ have been influenced heavily. But the reply of educators has been to
reduce the number of words and increase the provision of images, regardless of levels of education. This has
led to the discussion about (66) __________’ ability to read.
It is regarded to be (67) __________ and __________ when using pictures as a tool to encourage
youngsters to read more. But it’s not the best since (68) __________ show the negative sides of this trend. In
fact, it is said that listening will enable children to make up their mind which will enhance the reading efficiency later. Your answers: 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68.
Part 3. In the passage below, seven paragraphs have been removed. For questions 69-75, read the
passage and choose from paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap. There is ONE extra paragraph
which you do not need to use. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. THE INTERNET IN A CUP
The Internet café is not just a new idea – something similar existed back in the seventeenth century
Where do you go when you want to know the latest news, keep up with celebrity gossip, find out what others
think of a new book, or stay abreast of the latest scientific and technological developments? Today, the
answer is obvious: you log on to the internet. Three centuries ago, the answer was just as easy: you went to your favourite coffee house. 69 Page 5 of 12 page
What's more, rumours, news and gossip were often carried between them by their patrons and runners would
flit from one to another to report major events. Each establishment was, therefore, an integral part of quite a
complex web of contacts. But of even greater importance was their role as centres of scientific education,
literary and philosophical speculation, commercial innovation and, sometimes, political fermentation. 70
This reputation accompanied its spread into Europe during the seventeenth century, at first as a medicine,
and then as a social. beverage in the eastern tradition. It was reflected in the decor of the dedicated coffee
houses that began to appear in European cities, London in particular, where they were often adorned with
bookshelves, mirrors, gilt-framed pictures and good furniture. 71
There was a new rationalism abroad in the spheres of both philosophy and commerce, and this ethos struck
exactly the right note, whilst coffee was the ideal accompaniment. The popularity of the beverage owed much
to the growing middle class of information workers - clerks, merchants and businessmen - who did mental
work in offices rather than performing physical labour in the open, and found that it sharpened their mental faculties. 72
As with modern websites, the coffee houses an individual or group frequented reflected their interests, for
each coffee house attracted a particular clientele, usually by virtue of its location. Though coffee houses were
also popular in Paris, Venice and Amsterdam, this characteristic was particularly notable in London, where
eighty-two coffee houses had been set up by 1663, and more than five hundred by 1700. For many, coffee
houses had become almost an extension of the home. 73
That said, most people frequented several houses for the purpose of furthering their commercial, social or
political interests. A merchant, for example, would generally oscillate between a financial house and one
specialising in shipping or trade with a particular region. The wide-ranging interests of Robert Hooke, a
scientist and polymath, were reflected in his visits to around sixty houses during the 1670s. Not to visit one at
all was to invite social exclusion. 74
This is exactly the kind of threat that worries some people today about the power of social-networking sites.
Interestingly, a proclamation of 1675 that sought to outlaw the coffee houses of London was met by a public
outcry, for they had become central to commercial as well as political life. When it became clear that the
proclamation would be ignored, it was toned down and then quietly dropped. 75
But history also provides a cautionary tale for those operators who would charge for access Coffee houses
used to charge for coffee, but gave away access to reading materials. Many coffee shops are now following
the same model, which could undermine the prospects for fee-based hotspots. Information, both in the
seventeenth century and today, wants to be free - and coffeedrinking customers, it seems, expect it to be.
Missing Paragraphs:
A. In the days before formal addresses or regular postal services were introduced, for example, it became
a common practice to use one as a mailing address. Regulars could pop in once or twice a day, hear
the latest news, and check to see if any post awaited them.
B. Coffee, the drink that fuelled this vibrant network, originated in the highlands of Ethiopia, where its
beans were originally chewed rather than infused for their invigorating effects. Coffee spread into the
Islamic world during the fifteenth century, where it came to be regarded as stimulating mental activity and heightening perception.
C. Lavish entertainment at home was beyond the means of this social stratum but a few pence a day on
coffee could be afforded. What's more, coffee houses provided a forum for education, debate and self-
improvement, and were nicknamed 'penny universities' in a contemporary English verse.
D. But that was a risk some were willing to take, for coffee houses did have their detractors. Coffee itself
was held by some to be a harmful substance, although this was never taken particularly seriously. The
real opposition came from those who were alarmed at the houses' potential for facilitating political discussion and activity.
E. Such kinship was soon underlined by the establishment of so-called 'hotspots'. What's more, from the
outset these often provided access in establishments where coffee was also on offer this can't have been a coincidence. F.
The quality of the coffee wasn't the only factor governing which one this would be, however, for these
lively and often unreliable sources of information typically specialised in a particular topic or political
viewpoint. They also doubled as outlets for a stream of newsletters and pamphlets that reflected the
interests of their particular clientele. Page 6 of 12 page
G. According to local custom, social differences were left at the door when you entered such a scholarly
space, each of those details contributing to an ambience that fostered sober, respectful behaviour.
Indeed, anyone who started a quarrel had to atone for it by buying a coffee for all present. In short,
these were calm, well-ordered establishments that promoted polite conversation and discussion.
H. The parallels are certainly striking. Originally the province. of scientists, the Net also soon grew to
become a nexus. of commercial, journalistic and political interchange. In discussion groups, gossip
passes freely - a little too freely. according to some regulators and governments, which have generally
failed in their attempts to rein them in. Your answers: 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75.
Part 4. For questions 76-85, read the following passage and choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which
fits best according to the text. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
A SYMBOL OF MEDICINE, A TRIUMPH OF SIMPLICITY
I rolled a quire of paper into a sort of cylinder and applied one end of it to the region of the heart and the other
to my ear, and was surprised and pleased to find that I could thereby perceive the action of the heart in a
manner much more clear and distinct than I had ever been able to do by the immediate application of the ear..."
RENE-THEOPHILE-HYACINTHE LAENNEC (1781-1826)
Despite the trend toward the use of hi-tech diagnostic equipment, the simple stethoscope remains the
tool most closely identified with medical care. Even those doctors in specialties other an internal medicine who
do not routinely examine patients’ hearts and lungs tend to keep a stethoscope close at hand. More than just
a helpful device, it has become a fully-fledged symbol of medicine.
The 18th-century doctor attempting to diagnose diseases of the heart and lungs had to rely almost
completely on the patient’s verbal inscription of symptoms – the ‘history’. Although the then novel practice of
anatomical dissection was leading to revelations about the physical basis of many diseases, doctors had few
means of gathering objective data that might point to a specific condition such as a leaky heart valve) before
the patient reached the autopsy table.
In trying to hear the sounds coming from the thoracic organs, the doctor would press an ear directly
against the patient’s chest – a manoeuvre known as "direct auscultation," from the Latin auscultare, to listen
carefully. Apart from being unrewarding from a diagnostic standpoint, this technique was considered
undignified and sometimes imprudent. Since it required close physical contact between doctor and patient, it
inevitably increased the incidence of contagious diseases spreading. Such transmission may have
contributed to the death of one proponent of this approach, the French doctor Robert Bayle, who died of tuberculosis.
Laënnec solved the problem by recalling an acoustic phenomenon he had experimented with as a child
in Brittany. By scratching one end of a wooden plank, he could send coded messages to his friends at the
other end. When he applied this principle to the problem at hand, Laënnec literally transformed the practice of
medicine. Tightly rolling up the pages of his notebook, he placed one end of the makeshift cylinder on his
patient’s chest and put the other to his ear: the heart sounds could be heard more distinctly.
Laënnec later replaced the rolled-up paper tube with a slim wooden one resembling a child’s horn. With
this simple instrument he was able to hear and describe the sounds associated with diseases that were
the scourges of his time. Continuing to study patients from hospital ward to autopsy table, the dedicated
doctor tried to match the sounds he had heard in the clinic to the physical signs of disease found after death.
For example, the large cavities noted in lungs ravaged by tuberculosis produced one type of sound, while
the solidified lung tissues of pneumonia yielded another. The names he applied to these distinctive sounds –
rales, bruits, and egophony – are still used.
The stethoscope did not remain a stiff unwieldy tube for long. To make it more compact, Laënnec
divided the cylinder into sections that could be carried more easily in an inside pocket. Other European
doctors later developed flexible versions, and in 1855 an American doctor named George Cammann devisee
a binaural stethoscope that had two ivory-tipped earpieces connected to an ebony chest plate by cloth-
covered, spiral-wire tubes. This version, which cost about £2, allowed doctors to listen to a patient's chest with both ears.
Since then, the stethoscope has changed only modestly. Today it is a precision-engineered instrument
(often costing £80 or more), with two plastic earpieces attached by rubber tubes to a chest piece with
interchangeable ‘heads’: a flat diaphragm, used to hear distinct, high-frequency sounds such as the clicks
characteristic of mitral valve prolapse, and a domelike bell, which allows the listener to detect soft, low-
frequency noises such as the rumbling murmur of blood flowing through a narrowed mitral valve. To hear
these various heart sounds, doctors will often use the diaphragm to listen to several areas of the chest and
then apply the bell to the same areas.
Beyond providing insights into heart and lung diseases, Laënnec’s invention encouraged doctors to
pursue objective data investigating these and other conditions, instead of relying solely on a patient’s often
misleading account of his or her complaints. Doctors not only attended more carefully to sounds emitted by
the chest, but – in the interest of correlating their findings on physical examination with what they had learned Page 7 of 12 page
at autopsy – they also began what has been referred to as "laying on of hands": probing more deeply,
palpating the abdomen and other areas of the body, and using the sense of touch to detect abnormalities such as tumours.
[A] +Laënnec’s discovery reflected the impact of the French Revolution on the field of medicine. [B] As
the Old Regime was driven out, new ideas could be explored that emphasized observation rather than reason
alone. [C] Whether Laënnec started a revolution or simply rode on the wave of change, the trend toward
collecting information by more objective means and correlating physical findings with laboratory data
continues today with the widespread use of x-rays, echocardiography, and other diagnostic tests. [D] With his
invention, medicine moved closer to becoming a science.
76. In the first paragraph, the writer mentions “hi-tech diagnostic equipment” in order to _____.
A. explain why doctors use the stethoscope.
B. show the symbolic role of the stethoscope.
C. emphasise the simplicity of the stethoscope.
D. stress the usefulness of the stethoscope.
77. The phrase such transmission in paragraph 3 refers to _____. A. tuberculosis.
B. contagious diseases spreading.
C. close physical contact between doctor and patient. D. death.
78. In the past, lack of adequate diagnostic equipment means that _____.
A. diagnosis was based solely on subjective hypothesis.
B. many patients died unnecessarily from heart disease.
C. the cause of illness was often discovered only after death.
D. many contagious diseases were never detected.
79. How is the modern stethoscope described?
A. it consists of two movable parts.
B. it was developed by an American.
C. it closely resembles the original.
D. it is meticulously crafted.
80. The word makeshift in paragraph 4 is CLOSET in meaning to _____. A. temporary B. flexible C. permanent D. rotatable
81. Which of the following square brackets [A], [B], [C], or [D] best indicates where in the paragraph the
sentence “These philosophical shifts helped make Paris the centre of medical science in the early
1800s.” can be inserted? A. [A] B. [B] C. [C] D. [D]
82. How many versions of the stethscope did Laënnec devise? A. one B. two C. three D. more than three
83. Although simple in design, Laënnec invention _____.
A. caused a revolution in philosophical throught.
B. brought about great change in medical procedure.
C. has yet to be bettered as a diagnostic tool.
D. forced doctors to use reason with their patients.
84. What the writer means by the phrase simply rode on the wave of change in the final paragraph?
A. it wasn’t recognized initially.
B. it was in vogue because it had no rivals at that time.
C. it was only famous since there was no remarkable invention at that time.
D. it just followed the trends toward innovation of the times.
85. It can be inferred from the last sentence of the article that _____.
A. the invention of the stethoscope helped medical pratice become more systematic.
B. Laënnec was one of the few 18th-century doctors practicing medicine scientifically.
C. without Laënnec, medicine might have progressed at a much slower pace.
D. medicine would not have been a science if the stethoscope hadn’t been invented. Your answers: 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85.
Part 5. You are going to read an article about different opinions on nature versus nurture – how much
of who we are is due to our environment or to genetics. For questions 86-95, choose from the people
(A-D) and write it in the space provided in the column on the right. The people may be chosen more than once. NATURE OR NURTURE? A. Alyssa
From the standpoint of a teacher, I have to say that there is no advantage whatsoever to even debating the
issue of nature versus nurture. It is my job to encourage each child to reach his or her potential, to be curious Page 8 of 12 page
and to explore the world. Why would I so much as entertain the idea that one child might never be able to
achieve what another child does easily, simply due to the genes they inherited? We can never know what a
child might achieve until he or she achieves it. As adults we must avoid prejudice at all costs because children
are highly attuned to our expectations of them. We can mould them with our expectations. I do realise that this
sounds idealistic, and there is also the consideration that individual children will have intrinsic strengths and
talents which should be encouraged. Every child will not be good at the same things, this is true. But the
moment a child says, 'Oh, I'm not good at maths. I can't do it' he or she is limited. We must teach our children
that everyone, absolutely everyone, can improve. B. George
I am a monozygotic twin. That means my brother and I developed from the same embryo Iwe are genetically
identical. Of course, that is not exactly correct, because they've found identical genes can be expressed and
regulated differently, and there can even be different copy numbers of one gene. I've heard that monozygotic
twins actually accumulate genetic differences from one another as they go through their lives, so we will be
more different at 50 than we were at one. It's unbelievably complicated and I'm sure not yet fully understood.
On the other hand, my brother and I grew up in the exact same home environment, of course, yet we've had
our own unique experiences in our lives outside the home. So is our environment the same or different? How
can we say? Personally, I'd say we're quite similar, but we're not exactly the same. How is that for objectivity?
Rob, for example, likes Marmite and I can't stand it. What this means, I don't know. Maybe it's just our way of
asserting that we are indeed unique individuals. Or maybe Rob has my copy of the Marmite gene; who can say? C. Henry
There is a fascinating study I've read about that was carried out in Russia, I believe, called the farm -fox study.
The same research group did similar studies on other animals too, such as rats and otters. What they found
was that these animals could all be bred over relatively few generations to be extremely tame and friendly or
extremely aggressive. This implies that these traits are genetically controlled, and that's very interesting. Of
course, everyone's next question is how this applies to humans and if human aggression, in fact, has a
genetic basis. And also, if it does have a genetic basis, can we identify the gene? How will this impact law? If
a person commits a violent crime, if he was genetically programmed to act violently, is he as culpable as he
would be if his genetic tendency was not to violence? D. Nicole
First let me say I'm not an expert in this subject, but I do have my own personal opinion. It seems to me that
our genetics are an incredibly strong factor in our lives. I mean, have you ever tried to modify something about
your personality? If you're a shy person, have you tried being the life of the party, or if you're very gregarious,
have you spent a weekend at home alone? These sorts of attempts at personal modification are very difficult
and exhausting, even if you keep at it for years. It doesn't get much easier with practice. If our personality truly
came from 'nurture' rather than 'nature', we should be able to change our personality easily by changing our
environment. As another example, let me mention my two younger brothers. They're only a year apart and
grew up together, obviously; they even look quite similar. You could guess they were siblings by looking at
them. Yet, you couldn't find two more different people. One is in medical school, and the other has dropped
out of art college and is backpacking across Africa. As they grew up in the same environment, surely their
genes must be responsible for their difference.
Which person gives each of these opinions about nature versus nurture? Your answers:
● Offensive in organisms seems to be under genetic management. 86. ____________
● A need to establish oneself as distinctive human beings. 87. ____________
● Our genetic understanding is inadequate. 88. ____________
● Your opinion of children can influence them. 89. ____________
● We can change our personalities without ease. 90. ____________
● It’s hard to tel if someone has been exposed to the same environment. 91. ____________
● The whole discussion is pointless. 92. ____________
● We might have to modify the legal system in the future. 93. ____________
● I can only speak from my own experience. 94. ____________
● A person’s genes can alter as time goes by. 95. ____________ Page 9 of 12 page IV. WRITING (60 points)
Part 1. Read the following extract and summarize it by your own words. Your summary should be between 100 and 120 words.
Consider how we acquire our vocabulary, how we pick up the words that we use from our neighbors
and from books, and why this is so soon becomes apparent. Theoretically, we know the full meaning of a
name when we know all the features that it means, and we are not justified in extending it except to objects
that possess all the features. This is the logical ideal, but between the ought to be of Logic and the is of
practical life, there is a vast difference. How seldom do we imagine words in their full meaning! And who is to
instruct us in the full meaning? It is not as in the exact sciences, where we start with knowledge of the full
meaning. In Geometry, for example, we learn the definitions of the words used, “point,” “line," "parallel," etc.,
before we proceed to use them. But in common speech, we hear the words applied to individual objects; we
say them in the same connection; we extend them to other objects that strike us as like without knowing the
precise points of likeness that the convention of common speech includes. The more exact meaning we learn
by gradual induction from individual cases.
It is obvious that to avoid error and confusion, the meaning or connotation of names, the concepts,
should somehow be fixed; names cannot otherwise have an identical reference in human communication. We
may call this ideal fixed concept the Logical Concept. But in actual speech we have also the Personal
Concept, which varies more or less with the individual user, and the Popular or Vernacular Concept, which,
though roughly fixed, varies from social sect to social sect and from generation to generation.
When we come to words of which the logical concept is a complex relation, an obscure or intangible
attribute, the defects of the popular conception and its tendencies to change and confusion are of the greatest
practical importance. Take such words as "monarchy," "civil freedom," "landlord," "culture." Not merely should
we find it difficult to give an analytic definition of such words; we might be unable to do so, and yet flatter
ourselves that we had a clear understanding of their meaning.
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Part 2. The bar chart provides information about the spending on book, music and sport in the country
of Wonderland. The line chart shows that over five decades.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisions
where relevant. You should write about 150 words. Page 10 of 12 page 10 9 8 s 7 ion 6 ill book b 5 in s music 4 SD' 3 sport U 2 1 0 2018 2019 2020 2021 10 9 sport 8 music s 7 ion 6 ill b 5 in book s 4 SD' 3 U 2 1 0 1980's 1990's 2000's 2010's
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Part 3. Write an essay of 350 words on the following topic.
Some people think that climate change is a hoax.
What is your opinion about this belief? What responsibility do teenagers take of protecting our climate?
Answer the following questions by giving reasons and specific examples to support your opinion(s).
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(You may write overleaf if you need more space.) - THE END - Page 12 of 12 page