Đề thi Olympic 10 tháng 3 lần thứ 3 môn Tiếng Anh năm 2019 môn Tiếng Anh 11 THPT Phú Xuân

Đề thi Olympic 10 tháng 3 lần thứ 3 môn Tiếng Anh năm 2019 môn Tiếng Anh 11 THPT Phú Xuân giúp các bạn học sinh sắp tham gia các kì thi Tiếng Anh tham khảo, học tập và ôn tập kiến thức, bài tập và đạt kết quả cao trong kỳ thi sắp tới. Mời bạn đọc đón xem!

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Đề thi Olympic 10 tháng 3 lần thứ 3 môn Tiếng Anh năm 2019 môn Tiếng Anh 11 THPT Phú Xuân

Đề thi Olympic 10 tháng 3 lần thứ 3 môn Tiếng Anh năm 2019 môn Tiếng Anh 11 THPT Phú Xuân giúp các bạn học sinh sắp tham gia các kì thi Tiếng Anh tham khảo, học tập và ôn tập kiến thức, bài tập và đạt kết quả cao trong kỳ thi sắp tới. Mời bạn đọc đón xem!

50 25 lượt tải Tải xuống
SỞ GIÁO DỤC ĐÀO TẠO TỈNH ĐẮK LẮK
ĐƠN VỊ: TRƯỜNG THPT PHÚ XUÂN
KỲ THI OLYMPIC TRUYỀN THỐNG 10-3 LẦN THỨ IV NĂM 2019
ĐỀ THI ĐỀ NGHỊ MÔN: TIẾNG ANH; LỚP: 11
1
ĐỀ THI ĐÁP ÁN
A. PHONETICS
I. Pick out the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the
others. (5 points)
1. A. clothes B. maths C. mouths D. youths
2. A. Mean B. Beam C. Team D. Steady
3. A. Decode B. Curriculum C. Cancer D. Calculate
4. A. gambling B. gratitude C. gamekeeper D. guarantee
5. A. Prosperity B. Solution C. Population D. Competition
KEY
1. A
2. B
3. D
4. C
5. A
II. Pick out the word whose stress pattern is different from that of the others. (5 points)
1. A. Glorious B. Density C. Imagine D. Habitat
2. A. Apply B. Reduce C. Persuade D. Offer
3. A. Collaborate B. Monotonous C. Economic D. Hilarious
4. A. Engagement B. Attraction C. Prevention D. Organism
5. A. Personality B. Technological C. Representative D. Environmental
KEY
1. C
2. A
3. C
4. D
5. D
B. VOCABUARY, GRAMMAR AND LANGUAGE USE - choose the best option to
complete each of the following sentences (30 points)
1. Dean happily announced that he and Gloria ______ in September.
A. would get married B. are going to get
C. will get married D. had get married
2. I don't object ______ lending you my pen, but wouldn't it be better if you had a pen
______ your own?
A. of/ of B. to/ on C. to/ of D. with/ of
3. We could see the balloons high ______ the town
A. above B. up C. onto D. on
4. A date that is an exact number of years after the date of an important event is a(n) ______
A. wedding B. celebration C. anniversary D. birthday
5. From the hotel there is a good ______ of the mountains
A. vision B. picture C. sight D. view
6. A ______ is a person who has been chosen to speak or vote on behalf of a group or a
person.
A. leader B. sponsor C. member D. representative
7. Don't ______ me like that! I have nothing to talk to you now.
A. look after B. look back C. look at D. look for
8. The police decided to ______ the department store after they had received a bomb
warning.
A. Abandon B. Evacuate C. Expel D. destroy
9. Stop worrying about this. Don't let this failure ______ you ______
A. try/ out B. pull/ down C. give/ away D. let/ down
10. So sooner had she enter the room ______ she heard a big noise.
A. than B. and C. when D. that
11. Don't ______ hope so soon, kids! We have just been searching for only 10 minutes.
A. give up B. walk off C. keep up D. give away
12. Rachel was very ______ because she had failed her examination.
A. sensitive B. excited C. upset D. afraid
2
13. The adventurer and sled dogs ______ set off two days ago has just had a terrible accident.
A. whose B. that C. who D. which
14. ______ I think, ______ I become.
A. The more - the most worried B. The more - the worrieder
C. The most - the most worried D. The more - the more worried
15. I don't like the strange look of that man. There is something ______ about him.
A. nervous B. embarrassing C. serious D. sneaky
16. Unless we take action now, the problem ______ worse and worse
A. will become B. will to become C. would have become D. would become
17. And there's a mighty difference ______ a living thump and a dead thump.
A. with B. between C. from D. among
18. Divers breathing a mixture ___ helium and oxygen can work ___a depth ____100 meters
A. on/ at/ of B. of/ at/ of C. for/ at/ of D. of/ for/ of
19. Sorry. Jackson's plane ______ off when we ______ there. We couldn't give him this.
A. took - got B. were taking - got C. have taken - got D. had taken - got
20. After a lesson or a course, the teacher may give you additional tasks to do. These are
known as ______ activities.
A. stick - on B. stand - by C. follow - up D. work - out
21. As we like the trip so much we decided to ______ our holiday
A. stretch B. extend C. remain D. stay
32. ______ person doing this will soon be arrested.
A. Ø B. The C. A D. An
23. To our surprise he burglar came and ______ for what he had done.
A. apologized B. blamed C. denied D. regretted
24. Traditionally, the UK Prime Ministers work and live ______ 10 Downing street.
A. up B. on C. in D. at
25. Instead of ______ out a solution, he kept on crying over split milk.
A. worked B. to work C. working D. work
26. Do you ______ your birthday each year?
A. celebrate B. decorate C. memorize D. remember
27. I want to send my girlfriend some roses. Do you provide Flower ______ Service here?
A. sending B. message C. telegram D. transfer
28. Mrs. Milton has forty three cats. I don't know how she ______ the mall
A. looks for B. keeps to C. stands by D. copes with
29. She was 30 minutes late for the meeting. She ______ earlier due to the heavy traffic
during this time of the day.
A. should go B. must have gone C. must go D. should have gone
30. Do you know what ______ for a living?
A. has he done B. he does C. does he do D. he do
KEY
1. A
2. C
3. B
4. C
5. D
6. D
7. C
8. B
9. D
10. A
11. A
12. C
13. B
14. D
15. D
16. A
17.
18. B
19. D
20. C
21. B
22. B
23. A
24. D
25. C
26. A
27. C
28. D
29. D
30. B
C. READING
I. READING COMPREHENSION 1 - choose the best answer for each of the following
questions. (10 points)
THE FAMOUS CUP
It's only 36 centimeters tall, but to fans throughout the world, it represents the highest
achievement in football. Every four years, teams from all over the globe compete to take
home the FIFA World Cup Trophy, yet nobody ever does.
Do you know why? Nobody ever takes it home because the 18-carat gold trophy is kept under
lock and key by FIFA (Federation Internationale de Football Association). The champions of
3
each World Cup tournament receive only a replica. This is to protect the valuable prize from
thieves, who have stolen the World Cup trophy twice in its 75-year history.
The little trophy has certainly had a troubled existence. The original trophy was made by a
French sculptor, Abel LaFleur, and was called the "Jules Rimet Cup," in honor of the founder
of the World Cup tournament. Sometime during the first three World Cup events (1930, '34
and '38), the name changed to simply the "World Cup." Then during World War II, not much
was seen or heard of the trophy. It was being kept hidden in a shoe box under the bed of Dr.
Ottorino Barassi, the Italian vice-president of FIFA, to prevent it from falling into the hands
of the Nazi army.
Although the trophy made it safely through the war, it didn't fare so well during the turbulent
1960s. In 1966, the Cup was stolen during a public showing of the trophy prior to the World
Cup tournament in England. Luckily, it was found a short time later none the worse for wear
in a trash container, by a little dog named Pickles.
Four years later, Brazil earned permanent possession of the original trophy by winning its
third World Cup title. Unfortunately, the trophy was stolen a second time, in 1983, and was
never recovered. The Brazilian Football Association had to have a duplicate trophy made.
After the first trophy became the possession of Brazil's football association, a new World Cup
Trophy for FIFA was designed by an Italian artist, Silvio Gazazniga, in 1974. This trophy
cannot be won outright, but remains in the possession of FIFA, and rest assured they are
keeping a close eye on it. Today, World Cup winners are awarded a replica of the trophy that
is gold-plated, rather than solid gold like the real one.
Gazazniga's World Cup trophy weighs almost five kilograms. Its base contains two layers of a
semi-precious stone called malachite, and has room for 17 small plaques bearing the names of
the winning teams - enough space to honor all the World Cup champions up to the year 2038.
After that, a new trophy will have to be made.
1. The reading passage is mainly about ______
A. World Cup stars B. the World Cup trophy
C. thieves D. the World Cup tournament
2. The World Cup was stolen for the first time ______
A. In 1966
B. During the 1966 World Cup held in England
C. In 1960
D. In 1962
3. Which question is NOT answered in the reading?
A. Where did the police find the stolen trophy?
B. Who made the first trophy?
C. How much does the World Cup trophy weigh?
D. How much money is the trophy worth?
4. The first trophy was named the "Jules Rimet Cup" because Rimet…..
A. scored the final goal in 1930 B. made the trophy
C. was a famous player D. came up with the idea of the World Cup
5. "Jules Rimet Cup" was renamed "World Cup" ______
A. In 1938 B. During the first four World Cup events
C. Sometime between 1930 and 1938 D. During the World War II
6. Which is true about Gazazniga's World Cup trophy?
A. It is a replica of the first trophy. B. It is in a museum in Brazil
C. It has a malachite base D. It is made of gold and silver.
7. In which year did Brazil win the World Cup championship for the third time?
A. 1970 B. 1974 C. 1986 D. 2002
8. According to the passage, when will another World Cup trophy be made?
A. When FIFA decides to replace.
B. When there's no more room to honor the winners
C. In 24 more years
D. When it disappears again
9. Which of the following statements is False about the World Cup?
4
A. Dr. Ottorino Barassi kept it in a safer at home.
B. It has many replicas
C. The World Cup was found by a dog on its second time missing.
D. It is about 5 kilogram heavy
10. This passage can probably be written ______
A. in an article about World Cup champions
B. in a fiction
C. in a police report
D. In a sports magazine
KEY
1. B
2. A
3. D
4. D
5. C
6. C
7. A
8. B
9. A
10. D
II. READING COMPREHENSION 2 - choose the best answer for each of the following
questions. (10 points)
It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an
education. Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go
to school. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is
important.
Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no
bounds. It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or on the job, whether in a kitchen
or on a tractor. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole
universe of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent
to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist. Whereas
schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises. A chance
conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other
religions. People are engaged in education from infancy on. Education, then, is a very broad,
inclusive term. It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and
one that should be an integral part of one's entire life.
Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies
little from one setting to the next. Throughout a country, children arrive at school at
approximately the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar
textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned,
whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the workings of government, have
usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught. For example, high school
students know that they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political
problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There
are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.
1. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Education and schooling are quite different experiences
B. Students benefit from schools, which require long hours and homework
C. The best school teach a wide variety of subjects
D. The more years students go to school, the better their education is
2. What does the author probably mean by using the expression "children interrupt their
education to go to school" ?
A. Going to several different schools is educationally beneficial.
B. All of life is an education.
C. School vacations interrupt the continuity of the school year.
D. Summer school makes the school year too long.
3. The word "bounds" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______
A. experience B. limits C. rules D. exceptions
4. The word "chance" in paragraph 2is closest in meaning to______
A. unusual B. lengthy C. unplanned D. lively
5. The word "an integral" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______
5
A. a pleasant B. a profitable C. an essential D. an equitable
6. The word "they" in paragraph 3 refers to ______
A. slices of reality B. seats C. similar textbooks D. boundaries
7. The phrase "For example," paragraph 3, introduces a sentence that gives examples of
______
A. the boundaries of classroom subjects B. the results of schooling
C. the workings of a government D. similar textbooks
8. Which of the following conclusions does the passage support?
A. Without formal education, people would remain ignorant.
B. Going to school is only part of how people become educated.
C. Education systems need to be radically reformed.
D. Education involves many years of professional training.
9. The passage is organized by ______
A. giving examples of different kinds of schools
B. listing and discussing several educational problems
C. narrating a story about excellent teacher
D. contrasting the meanings of two related words
10. The writer seems to agree that ______
A. Schooling is as important than education
B. Education is more influential than schooling
C. Education is not as important as schooling
D. Schooling is unlimited and more informal
KEY
1. A
2. B
3. B
4. C
5. C
6. A
7. A
8. B
9. D
10. B
III. CLOZE TEST 1 - choose the best option to fill in the gaps (10 points)
The Taj Mahal is a mausoleum located in Agra, India. It was built under Mughal Emperor
Shah Jahan in (1) __of his favourite wife, Mumtaz Mahal. It is considered as the finest
example of Mughal architecture, a style (2) ____ combines elements from Persian, Turkish,
Indian, and Islamic architectural styles. In 1983, Taj Mahal (3) ___ a UNESCO World
Heritage Site and was cited as "the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally
admired masterpieces (4) ____ the world's heritage."
The Taj Mahal (5) _____2 to 3 million visitors every year , making it the most (6)
______tourist attraction in India. Most tourists visit during the cooler months. Polluting traffic
is not allowed near the complex and tourist must either walk from the car parks (7) _______
catch an electric bus. The Khawasspuras are currently being restored for use as a new visitors
centre. (8) ____ small town to the South of the Taj known as Taj Ganji or Mumtazabad was
(9) ____ constructed with caravanserais, bazaars and markets to serve the needs of visitors
and workmen. List of recommended travel destinations often feature Taj Mahal, which also
(10) ___ in several listings of seven wonders of the modern world, including the recently
announced New Seven Wonders of the World, a recent poll with 100 million votes.
1. A. Memory B. respect C. Remember D. Reminder
2. A. What B. With C. That D. Can
3. A. Became B. Had become C. Have become D. Become
4. A. with B. in C. of D. for
5. A. attracts B. accepts C. offers D. invites
6. A. magnificent B. popular C. enormous D. familiar
7. A. nor B. then C. and D. or
8. A. The B. An C. A D. Ø
9. A. Originated B. origin C. Original D. Originally
10. A. appears B. opens C. shows D. reviews
KEY
6
61. A
62. C
63. A
64. C
65. A
66. B
7. D
68. A
69. D
70. A
IV. CLOZE TEST 2 - choose the best option to fill in the gaps (10 points)
Mexico City is growing quickly. In 1970, the city had about 9 million people. Now it has over
17 million. All these people are causing (1) ___for the city. There are not (2) ___ jobs. Also,
there is' not enough housing. Large families have to live together in small homes. Many
homes do not have water. They also do not have bathrooms or electricity. The Mexican
government is (3) _____about all these problems. It is working hard to make (4) _______
better in the city.
Why is Mexico City growing so (5) ____? Where are all these people coming from? They are
coming to the city from the country. Life is hard on the farms in Mexico. Most people on
farms have to live a very simple life. They have no (6) ___ money for modern things. People
think life in the city must be (7) ____. So they leave their farms and move to Mexico City.
All around the world, large cities have the same problems. One of them is air (8) _______
Mexico City has pad air. It is dirty and (9) ____. Cars are one reason for the dirty air. Many
Mexicans now own their own cars and drive in the city. The factories in the area also cause air
pollution. These factories put a lot of (10) ___ into the air. It is not easy to clean up the air in a
large city. The government has to make new laws, and everyone has to help.
1. A. things B. problems C. news D. matters
2. A. lack B. enough C. many D. much
3. A. known B. discussed C. worried D. interested
4. A. live B. life C. circle D. duration
5. A. average B. slow C. fast D. normal
6. A. bonus B. given C. added D. extra
7. A. good B. bad C. better D. best
8. A. matter B. complaint C. pollution D. comment
9. A. clear B. tidy C. unhealthy D. noisy
10. A. noise B. smoke C. pollution D. dirt
KEY
1. B
2. B
3. C
4. B
5. C
6. D
7. C
8. C
9. C
10. B
V. OPEN CLOZE TEST 1 complete each of these following sentences with one suitable
word. Write your answer in the answer sheet below. (10 points)
Rainforests once occupied all the land around the equator, (1) ___ there is hot sun and rainfall
almost every day. In these hot wet areas, trees and (2) ____ kinds of vegetation grow fast,
feeding massive numbers of insects and animals. Until recently, the rainforests filled river
valleys in warmer countries (3) ____ Australia. They climbed hill sides of great mountain
chains such as south American Andes, and covered islands (4) ___ Borneo to the west islands.
In West Africa, the rainforests cover a wide strip of the coast from Sierra Leone to Gabon. In
the last century, these forests (5) _____ mostly uninhabited. The Europeans arrived and soon
began chopping (6) _____ the trees for timber and to make way for massive plantations of
cocoa, peanuts and cotton. Today, two thirds of the West African forests (7) _____ gone. But
elsewhere in Central Africa, it is still possible to find huge undisturbed forests. Nineteenth
century explorers along (8) _____ River Zaire called Africa "the dark continent". Even today
(9) _____ are no roads in some places. The inhabitants include pygmies, (10) ______ are
trying to lead their lives in harmony with the forest.
1.
6.
2.
7.
3.
8.
4.
9.
7
5.
10.
KEY
1. Where 2. all/other 3. like 4. from 5. were
6. down 7. have 8. the 9. there 10. who
VI. OPEN CLOZE TEST 2 complete each of these following sentences with one
suitable word. Write your answer in the answer sheet below. (10 points)
Thanksgiving, or Thanksgiving Day, is an important public holiday (1) ___on the fourth
Thursday in November in the United States. It originated as a harvest festival. Thanksgiving
has been celebrated nationally on and off (2) ___1789, after a proclamation by George
Washington. It has been celebrated as a federal holiday every (3) ____since 1863, when,
during the American Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln proclaimed a national day of
"Thanksgiving and Praise to our beneficent Father (4) ____dwelleth in the Heavens," to be
celebrated on the last Thursday (5) _____November. Together (6) ___Christmas and the New
Year, Thanksgiving is a part of the broader holiday season.
The event that Americans commonly call the "First Thanksgiving" was celebrated by
the Pilgrims after (7) _____first harvest in the New World in 1621. This feast (8) ___three
days, and it was attended by 90 Native Americans and 53 Pilgrims. The New
England colonists (9) ______accustomed to regularly celebrating "thanksgivings"—days of
prayer thanking God for blessings such (10) ______military victory or the end of a drought
1.
6.
2.
7.
3.
8.
4.
9.
5.
10.
KEY
1. Celebrated/ held
3. Year
4. Who
5. In
6. with
8. Lasted
9. Were
10. as
C. WORD FORMATION
I. Complete each of the following sentences with proper form of the words given in
brackets. Write your answer in the answer sheet below. (10 points)
1. They praised her for her ______ (HONEST)
2. If he isn’t Spanish, what ______ is he? (NATION)
3. This is very ______ ! Can you practice your violin somewhere else? (CONVENIENCE)
4. I’m afraid they weren’t very ______ about your idea of going out this evening
(ENTHUSIASM)
5. The upper part of the tower is ornamented with green and blue tiles and the entrance arch
is ______ carved. (BEAUTY)
6. Several democratic nations have developed ______ relations with one another than ever
before. (FRIEND)
7. He was sent to prison due to his ______ to pay his debts. (ABLE)
8. Being back with their family provides emotional ______ for children. (STABLE)
9. It seems ______ to have people like that representing us. They didn’t speak on our
viewpoint. (PRODUCT)
10. The ideas ______ in his speech meet with opposition from his citizen. (MENTION)
8
1.
6.
2.
7.
3.
8.
4.
9.
5.
10.
KEY
1. honesty
2. nationality
3. inconvenient
4. enthusiastic
5. beautifully
6. friendlier
7. disability
8. stability
9. counterproductive
10. mentioned
II. Complete the passage with proper form of the words given in brackets in each
numbered space. Write your answer in the answer sheet below. (10 points)
ANGER
We’ve all felt anger at some time, whether as faint annoyance or blind rage. Anger is a
normal, sometimes useful human emotion, but (1 CONTROL) ____ outbursts of temper can
be destructive. “People who give free rein to their anger, (2 - REGARD) ____ of offence this
may cause haven’t learned to express themselves constructively,” says Martin Smith, who
runs (3 - RESIDENCE) ____ courses in anger management. “It is important to maintain your
(4 COMPOSE) ___ and put your case in an assertive, not aggressive, manner without
hurting others. Being sensitive doesn’t mean being pushy or demanding; it means being (5
RESPECT) ____ of yourself and other people.” He adds that people who are (6 EASY)
______ angered are intolerant of frustration, (7 - CONVENIENT) _____or irritation and, not
surprisingly, find
(8 RELATE) ______to other people very difficult. But why do people behave like this? It
seems there is evidence to support the idea that some children may be born (9 - IRRITATE)
______ and prone to anger and this tendency is sometimes apparent from a very early age.
However, research also suggests that a person’s family (10 GROUND) ______ may have an
influence. Very often, people who are quick-tempered come from disorganized and disruptive
families who find it difficult to express their emotions.
1.
6.
2.
7.
3.
8.
4.
9.
5.
10.
KEY
1. uncontrollable
2. regardless
3. residential
4. composure
5. respectful
6. easily
7. inconvenience
8. relating
9. irritable
10. background
D. ERROR IDENTIFICATION - The passage below contains 10 mistakes. Underline
them and write their forms in the space provided on the right. (0) has been done as an
example. (10 points)
Imagine how wonderful it would be if you had access to an
community garden. Rather than gardening in isolate, you would
come together in an appealing designated spot to plant a bountiful
garden. You would be give a plot of land within the large garden to
plant as you see fit. You could plant flowers, vegetables, herbs, or
any other green you desire The requirement would be that you
(0) an
(1) ____________
(2) ____________
(3) ____________
9
spend at last one hour in the garden every week and that you bring a
few garden implements to share, such as watering cans, gardening
gloves, fertilizer, and shovels. The benefits of a community garden
would be numerable. You would have access to land to garden you
might no otherwise have. You would be part of a worthwhile and
rewarded community activity that would allow you to meet other
residents who love gardening and who might have excellence
gardening skills and hints to share. Additionally, a community
garden would be a wonderful oasis in the middle of ours busy town
which you can come to walk, sit, or just enjoy the company of
neighbors in a lush and friendly setting.
(4) ____________
(5) ____________
(6) ____________
(7) ____________
(8) ____________
(9) ____________
(10) ____________
KEY
1. Isolation
3. Greener
2. Given
4.least
5.numerous/ innumerable
6.Not
7.rewarding
8.excellent
9. Our
10.where/ in which
E. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (20 points)
I. Rewrite the following sentences so that the meaning stay unchanged. Begin with the
cues given
1. She has never ever witnessed such a beautiful scene in her life.
Never ___________________________________________________________________
2. Nobody sends her that present, she does it herself.
She______________________________________________________, she does it herself
3. Susan was fired because she was so careless with her job.
If _______________________________________________________________________
4. Although Peter didn’t prepare his presentation well, he improvised excellently.
Despite _________________________________________________________________
KEY
1. Never in her life has she witnessed such a beautiful scene.
2. She isn’t sent that present, she does it herself
3. If Susan hadn’t been so careless with her job, she would/ could not have been fired.
4. Despite not preparing his presentation well, Peter improvised excellently.
Part 2: Use the word given in brackets and make any necessary additions to write a new
sentence in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence.
Do NOT change the form of the given word. You must use between three and six words,
including the word given. (0) has been done as an example.
0. Fiona refused to wear her old dress. (not)
Fiona said that ________ she would not wear ________ her old dress.
1.
As long as he could see, Kevin really didn't mind where he sat in the stadium. (difference)
As long as he could see , ____________________________________ where he sat
in the stadium.
10
2.
Somebody should have told us that the date had been changed. (informed)
We should ___________________________________ the change of the date.
3..
Jane's family persuaded her to enter the competition. (talked)
Jane was ____________________________________ the competition by her family.
4.
We never imagined that Julian might be planning to resign from his job. (occurred)
It never __________________________________ Julian might be planning to resign
from his job.
5.
Sally was all ready to leave the office when her boss asked her to type up a report . (point)
Sally was ________________________________ the office when her boss asked her
to type up a report.
KEY
1. it made no difference to Kevin
2. have been informed about/of
3. talked into entering
4. occurred to us that
5. on the point of leaving
THE END
11
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Preview text:

SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TỈNH ĐẮK LẮK
ĐƠN VỊ: TRƯỜNG THPT PHÚ XUÂN
KỲ THI OLYMPIC TRUYỀN THỐNG 10-3 LẦN THỨ IV NĂM 2019
ĐỀ THI ĐỀ NGHỊ MÔN: TIẾNG ANH; LỚP: 11 1 ĐỀ THI VÀ ĐÁP ÁN A. PHONETICS
I. Pick out the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others. (5 points)
1. A. clothes B. maths C. mouths D. youths 2. A. Mean B. Beam C. Team D. Steady 3. A. Decode B. Curriculum C. Cancer D. Calculate 4. A. gambling B. gratitude C. gamekeeper D. guarantee 5. A. Prosperity B. Solution C. Population D. Competition KEY 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. A
II. Pick out the word whose stress pattern is different from that of the others. (5 points) 1. A. Glorious B. Density C. Imagine D. Habitat 2. A. Apply B. Reduce C. Persuade D. Offer 3. A. Collaborate B. Monotonous C. Economic D. Hilarious 4. A. Engagement B. Attraction C. Prevention D. Organism 5. A. Personality B. Technological C. Representative D. Environmental KEY 1. C 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. D
B. VOCABUARY, GRAMMAR AND LANGUAGE USE - choose the best option to
complete each of the following sentences (30 points)

1. Dean happily announced that he and Gloria ______ in September. A. would get married B. are going to get C. will get married D. had get married
2. I don't object ______ lending you my pen, but wouldn't it be better if you had a pen ______ your own? A. of/ of B. to/ on C. to/ of D. with/ of
3. We could see the balloons high ______ the town A. above B. up C. onto D. on
4. A date that is an exact number of years after the date of an important event is a(n) ______ A. wedding B. celebration C. anniversary D. birthday
5. From the hotel there is a good ______ of the mountains A. vision B. picture C. sight D. view
6. A ______ is a person who has been chosen to speak or vote on behalf of a group or a person. A. leader B. sponsor C. member D. representative
7. Don't ______ me like that! I have nothing to talk to you now. A. look after B. look back C. look at D. look for
8. The police decided to ______ the department store after they had received a bomb warning. A. Abandon B. Evacuate C. Expel D. destroy
9. Stop worrying about this. Don't let this failure ______ you ______ A. try/ out B. pull/ down C. give/ away D. let/ down
10. So sooner had she enter the room ______ she heard a big noise. A. than B. and C. when D. that
11. Don't ______ hope so soon, kids! We have just been searching for only 10 minutes. A. give up B. walk off C. keep up D. give away
12. Rachel was very ______ because she had failed her examination. A. sensitive B. excited C. upset D. afraid 2
13. The adventurer and sled dogs ______ set off two days ago has just had a terrible accident. A. whose B. that C. who D. which
14. ______ I think, ______ I become.
A. The more - the most worried
B. The more - the worrieder
C. The most - the most worried
D. The more - the more worried
15. I don't like the strange look of that man. There is something ______ about him. A. nervous B. embarrassing C. serious D. sneaky
16. Unless we take action now, the problem ______ worse and worse A. will become B. will to become C. would have become D. would become
17. And there's a mighty difference ______ a living thump and a dead thump. A. with B. between C. from D. among
18. Divers breathing a mixture ___ helium and oxygen can work ___a depth ____100 meters A. on/ at/ of B. of/ at/ of C. for/ at/ of D. of/ for/ of
19. Sorry. Jackson's plane ______ off when we ______ there. We couldn't give him this. A. took - got
B. were taking - got C. have taken - got D. had taken - got
20. After a lesson or a course, the teacher may give you additional tasks to do. These are known as ______ activities. A. stick - on B. stand - by C. follow - up D. work - out
21. As we like the trip so much we decided to ______ our holiday A. stretch B. extend C. remain D. stay
32. ______ person doing this will soon be arrested. A. Ø B. The C. A D. An
23. To our surprise he burglar came and ______ for what he had done. A. apologized B. blamed C. denied D. regretted
24. Traditionally, the UK Prime Ministers work and live ______ 10 Downing street. A. up B. on C. in D. at
25. Instead of ______ out a solution, he kept on crying over split milk. A. worked B. to work C. working D. work
26. Do you ______ your birthday each year? A. celebrate B. decorate C. memorize D. remember
27. I want to send my girlfriend some roses. Do you provide Flower ______ Service here? A. sending B. message C. telegram D. transfer
28. Mrs. Milton has forty three cats. I don't know how she ______ the mall A. looks for B. keeps to C. stands by D. copes with
29. She was 30 minutes late for the meeting. She ______ earlier due to the heavy traffic during this time of the day. A. should go B. must have gone C. must go D. should have gone
30. Do you know what ______ for a living? A. has he done B. he does C. does he do D. he do KEY 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. A 11. A 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. D 16. A 17. 18. B 19. D 20. C 21. B 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. D 30. B C. READING
I. READING COMPREHENSION 1 - choose the best answer for each of the following questions. (10 points)
THE FAMOUS CUP
It's only 36 centimeters tall, but to fans throughout the world, it represents the highest
achievement in football. Every four years, teams from all over the globe compete to take
home the FIFA World Cup Trophy, yet nobody ever does.
Do you know why? Nobody ever takes it home because the 18-carat gold trophy is kept under
lock and key by FIFA (Federation Internationale de Football Association). The champions of 3
each World Cup tournament receive only a replica. This is to protect the valuable prize from
thieves, who have stolen the World Cup trophy twice in its 75-year history.
The little trophy has certainly had a troubled existence. The original trophy was made by a
French sculptor, Abel LaFleur, and was called the "Jules Rimet Cup," in honor of the founder
of the World Cup tournament. Sometime during the first three World Cup events (1930, '34
and '38), the name changed to simply the "World Cup." Then during World War II, not much
was seen or heard of the trophy. It was being kept hidden in a shoe box under the bed of Dr.
Ottorino Barassi, the Italian vice-president of FIFA, to prevent it from falling into the hands of the Nazi army.
Although the trophy made it safely through the war, it didn't fare so well during the turbulent
1960s. In 1966, the Cup was stolen during a public showing of the trophy prior to the World
Cup tournament in England. Luckily, it was found a short time later none the worse for wear
in a trash container, by a little dog named Pickles.
Four years later, Brazil earned permanent possession of the original trophy by winning its
third World Cup title. Unfortunately, the trophy was stolen a second time, in 1983, and was
never recovered. The Brazilian Football Association had to have a duplicate trophy made.
After the first trophy became the possession of Brazil's football association, a new World Cup
Trophy for FIFA was designed by an Italian artist, Silvio Gazazniga, in 1974. This trophy
cannot be won outright, but remains in the possession of FIFA, and rest assured they are
keeping a close eye on it. Today, World Cup winners are awarded a replica of the trophy that
is gold-plated, rather than solid gold like the real one.
Gazazniga's World Cup trophy weighs almost five kilograms. Its base contains two layers of a
semi-precious stone called malachite, and has room for 17 small plaques bearing the names of
the winning teams - enough space to honor all the World Cup champions up to the year 2038.
After that, a new trophy will have to be made.
1. The reading passage is mainly about ______ A. World Cup stars B. the World Cup trophy C. thieves
D. the World Cup tournament
2. The World Cup was stolen for the first time ______ A. In 1966
B. During the 1966 World Cup held in England C. In 1960 D. In 1962
3. Which question is NOT answered in the reading?
A. Where did the police find the stolen trophy?
B. Who made the first trophy?
C. How much does the World Cup trophy weigh?
D. How much money is the trophy worth?
4. The first trophy was named the "Jules Rimet Cup" because Rimet…..
A. scored the final goal in 1930 B. made the trophy C. was a famous player
D. came up with the idea of the World Cup
5. "Jules Rimet Cup" was renamed "World Cup" ______ A. In 1938
B. During the first four World Cup events
C. Sometime between 1930 and 1938
D. During the World War II
6. Which is true about Gazazniga's World Cup trophy?
A. It is a replica of the first trophy.
B. It is in a museum in Brazil
C. It has a malachite base
D. It is made of gold and silver.
7. In which year did Brazil win the World Cup championship for the third time? A. 1970 B. 1974 C. 1986 D. 2002
8. According to the passage, when will another World Cup trophy be made?
A. When FIFA decides to replace.
B. When there's no more room to honor the winners C. In 24 more years
D. When it disappears again
9. Which of the following statements is False about the World Cup? 4
A. Dr. Ottorino Barassi kept it in a safer at home. B. It has many replicas
C. The World Cup was found by a dog on its second time missing.
D. It is about 5 kilogram heavy
10. This passage can probably be written ______
A. in an article about World Cup champions B. in a fiction C. in a police report D. In a sports magazine KEY 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. D 5. C 6. C 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. D
II. READING COMPREHENSION 2 - choose the best answer for each of the following questions. (10 points)
It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an
education. Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go
to school
. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important.
Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no
bounds. It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or on the job, whether in a kitchen
or on a tractor. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole
universe of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent
to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist. Whereas
schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises. A chance
conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other
religions. People are engaged in education from infancy on. Education, then, is a very broad,
inclusive term. It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and
one that should be an integral part of one's entire life.
Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies
little from one setting to the next. Throughout a country, children arrive at school at
approximately the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar
textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned,
whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the workings of government, have
usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught. For example, high school
students know that they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political
problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There
are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.
1. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Education and schooling are quite different experiences
B. Students benefit from schools, which require long hours and homework
C. The best school teach a wide variety of subjects
D. The more years students go to school, the better their education is
2. What does the author probably mean by using the expression "children interrupt their
education to go to school" ?
A. Going to several different schools is educationally beneficial.
B. All of life is an education.
C. School vacations interrupt the continuity of the school year.
D. Summer school makes the school year too long.
3. The word "bounds" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______ A. experience B. limits C. rules D. exceptions
4. The word "chance" in paragraph 2is closest in meaning to______ A. unusual B. lengthy C. unplanned D. lively
5. The word "an integral" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______ 5 A. a pleasant B. a profitable C. an essential D. an equitable
6. The word "they" in paragraph 3 refers to ______ A. slices of reality B. seats
C. similar textbooks D. boundaries
7. The phrase "For example," paragraph 3, introduces a sentence that gives examples of ______
A. the boundaries of classroom subjects
B. the results of schooling
C. the workings of a government D. similar textbooks
8. Which of the following conclusions does the passage support?
A. Without formal education, people would remain ignorant.
B. Going to school is only part of how people become educated.
C. Education systems need to be radically reformed.
D. Education involves many years of professional training.
9. The passage is organized by ______
A. giving examples of different kinds of schools
B. listing and discussing several educational problems
C. narrating a story about excellent teacher
D. contrasting the meanings of two related words
10. The writer seems to agree that ______
A. Schooling is as important than education
B. Education is more influential than schooling
C. Education is not as important as schooling
D. Schooling is unlimited and more informal KEY 1. A 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. B
III. CLOZE TEST 1 - choose the best option to fill in the gaps (10 points)
The Taj Mahal is a mausoleum located in Agra, India. It was built under Mughal Emperor
Shah Jahan in (1) __of his favourite wife, Mumtaz Mahal. It is considered as the finest
example of Mughal architecture, a style (2) ____ combines elements from Persian, Turkish,
Indian, and Islamic architectural styles. In 1983, Taj Mahal (3) ___ a UNESCO World
Heritage Site and was cited as "the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally
admired masterpieces (4) ____ the world's heritage."
The Taj Mahal (5) _____2 to 3 million visitors every year , making it the most (6)
______tourist attraction in India. Most tourists visit during the cooler months. Polluting traffic
is not allowed near the complex and tourist must either walk from the car parks (7) _______
catch an electric bus. The Khawasspuras are currently being restored for use as a new visitors
centre. (8) ____ small town to the South of the Taj known as Taj Ganji or Mumtazabad was
(9) ____ constructed with caravanserais, bazaars and markets to serve the needs of visitors
and workmen. List of recommended travel destinations often feature Taj Mahal, which also
(10) ___ in several listings of seven wonders of the modern world, including the recently
announced New Seven Wonders of the World, a recent poll with 100 million votes. 1. A. Memory B. respect C. Remember D. Reminder 2. A. What B. With C. That D. Can 3. A. Became B. Had become C. Have become D. Become 4. A. with B. in C. of D. for 5. A. attracts B. accepts C. offers D. invites 6. A. magnificent B. popular C. enormous D. familiar 7. A. nor B. then C. and D. or 8. A. The B. An C. A D. Ø 9. A. Originated B. origin C. Original D. Originally 10. A. appears B. opens C. shows D. reviews KEY 6 61. A 62. C 63. A 64. C 65. A 66. B 7. D 68. A 69. D 70. A
IV. CLOZE TEST 2 - choose the best option to fill in the gaps (10 points)
Mexico City is growing quickly. In 1970, the city had about 9 million people. Now it has over
17 million. All these people are causing (1) ___for the city. There are not (2) ___ jobs. Also,
there is' not enough housing. Large families have to live together in small homes. Many
homes do not have water. They also do not have bathrooms or electricity. The Mexican
government is (3) _____about all these problems. It is working hard to make (4) _______ better in the city.
Why is Mexico City growing so (5) ____? Where are all these people coming from? They are
coming to the city from the country. Life is hard on the farms in Mexico. Most people on
farms have to live a very simple life. They have no (6) ___ money for modern things. People
think life in the city must be (7) ____. So they leave their farms and move to Mexico City.
All around the world, large cities have the same problems. One of them is air (8) _______
Mexico City has pad air. It is dirty and (9) ____. Cars are one reason for the dirty air. Many
Mexicans now own their own cars and drive in the city. The factories in the area also cause air
pollution. These factories put a lot of (10) ___ into the air. It is not easy to clean up the air in a
large city. The government has to make new laws, and everyone has to help. 1. A. things B. problems C. news D. matters 2. A. lack B. enough C. many D. much 3. A. known B. discussed C. worried D. interested 4. A. live B. life C. circle D. duration 5. A. average B. slow C. fast D. normal 6. A. bonus B. given C. added D. extra 7. A. good B. bad C. better D. best 8. A. matter B. complaint C. pollution D. comment 9. A. clear B. tidy C. unhealthy D. noisy 10. A. noise B. smoke C. pollution D. dirt KEY 1. B 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. C 8. C 9. C 10. B
V. OPEN CLOZE TEST 1 – complete each of these following sentences with one suitable
word. Write your answer in the answer sheet below. (10 points)
Rainforests once occupied all the land around the equator, (1) ___ there is hot sun and rainfall
almost every day. In these hot wet areas, trees and (2) ____ kinds of vegetation grow fast,
feeding massive numbers of insects and animals. Until recently, the rainforests filled river
valleys in warmer countries (3) ____ Australia. They climbed hill sides of great mountain
chains such as south American Andes, and covered islands (4) ___ Borneo to the west islands.
In West Africa, the rainforests cover a wide strip of the coast from Sierra Leone to Gabon. In
the last century, these forests (5) _____ mostly uninhabited. The Europeans arrived and soon
began chopping (6) _____ the trees for timber and to make way for massive plantations of
cocoa, peanuts and cotton. Today, two thirds of the West African forests (7) _____ gone. But
elsewhere in Central Africa, it is still possible to find huge undisturbed forests. Nineteenth
century explorers along (8) _____ River Zaire called Africa "the dark continent". Even today
(9) _____ are no roads in some places. The inhabitants include pygmies, (10) ______ are
trying to lead their lives in harmony with the forest. 1. 6. 2. 7. 3. 8. 4. 9. 7 5. 10. KEY 1. Where 2. all/other 3. like 4. from 5. were 6. down 7. have 8. the 9. there 10. who
VI. OPEN CLOZE TEST 2 – complete each of these following sentences with one
suitable word. Write your answer in the answer sheet below. (10 points)

Thanksgiving, or Thanksgiving Day, is an important public holiday (1) ___on the fourth
Thursday in November in the United States. It originated as a harvest festival. Thanksgiving
has been celebrated nationally on and off (2) ___1789, after a proclamation by George
Washington. It has been celebrated as a federal holiday every (3) ____since 1863, when,
during the American Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln proclaimed a national day of
"Thanksgiving and Praise to our beneficent Father (4) ____dwelleth in the Heavens," to be
celebrated on the last Thursday (5) _____November. Together (6) ___Christmas and the New
Year, Thanksgiving is a part of the broader holiday season.
The event that Americans commonly call the "First Thanksgiving" was celebrated by
the Pilgrims after (7) _____first harvest in the New World in 1621. This feast (8) ___three
days, and it was attended by 90 Native Americans and 53 Pilgrims. The New
England colonists (9) ______accustomed to regularly celebrating "thanksgivings"—days of
prayer thanking God for blessings such (10) ______military victory or the end of a drought 1. 6. 2. 7. 3. 8. 4. 9. 5. 10. KEY 1. Celebrated/ held 2. Since 3. Year 4. Who 5. In 6. with 7. The 8. Lasted 9. Were 10. as C. WORD FORMATION
I. Complete each of the following sentences with proper form of the words given in
brackets. Write your answer in the answer sheet below. (10 points)
1. They praised her for her ______ (HONEST)
2. If he isn’t Spanish, what ______ is he? (NATION)
3. This is very ______ ! Can you practice your violin somewhere else? (CONVENIENCE)
4. I’m afraid they weren’t very ______ about your idea of going out this evening (ENTHUSIASM)
5. The upper part of the tower is ornamented with green and blue tiles and the entrance arch
is ______ carved. (BEAUTY)
6. Several democratic nations have developed ______ relations with one another than ever before. (FRIEND)
7. He was sent to prison due to his ______ to pay his debts. (ABLE)
8. Being back with their family provides emotional ______ for children. (STABLE)
9. It seems ______ to have people like that representing us. They didn’t speak on our viewpoint. (PRODUCT)
10. The ideas ______ in his speech meet with opposition from his citizen. (MENTION) 8 1. 6. 2. 7. 3. 8. 4. 9. 5. 10. KEY 1. honesty 2. nationality 3. inconvenient 4. enthusiastic 5. beautifully 6. friendlier 7. disability 8. stability 9. counterproductive 10. mentioned
II. Complete the passage with proper form of the words given in brackets in each
numbered space. Write your answer in the answer sheet below. (10 points)
ANGER
We’ve all felt anger at some time, whether as faint annoyance or blind rage. Anger is a
normal, sometimes useful human emotion, but (1 – CONTROL) ____ outbursts of temper can
be destructive. “People who give free rein to their anger, (2 - REGARD) ____ of offence this
may cause haven’t learned to express themselves constructively,” says Martin Smith, who
runs (3 - RESIDENCE) ____ courses in anger management. “It is important to maintain your
(4 – COMPOSE) ___ and put your case in an assertive, not aggressive, manner without
hurting others. Being sensitive doesn’t mean being pushy or demanding; it means being (5 –
RESPECT) ____ of yourself and other people.” He adds that people who are (6 – EASY)
______ angered are intolerant of frustration, (7 - CONVENIENT) _____or irritation and, not surprisingly, find
(8 – RELATE) ______to other people very difficult. But why do people behave like this? It
seems there is evidence to support the idea that some children may be born (9 - IRRITATE)
______ and prone to anger and this tendency is sometimes apparent from a very early age.
However, research also suggests that a person’s family (10 – GROUND) ______ may have an
influence. Very often, people who are quick-tempered come from disorganized and disruptive
families who find it difficult to express their emotions. 1. 6. 2. 7. 3. 8. 4. 9. 5. 10. KEY 1. uncontrollable 2. regardless 3. residential 4. composure 5. respectful 6. easily 7. inconvenience 8. relating 9. irritable 10. background
D. ERROR IDENTIFICATION - The passage below contains 10 mistakes. Underline
them and write their forms in the space provided on the right. (0) has been done as an example. (10 points)

Imagine how wonderful it would be if you had access to an (0) an
community garden. Rather than gardening in isolate, you would (1) ____________
come together in an appealing designated spot to plant a bountiful
garden. You would be give a plot of land within the large garden to (2) ____________
plant as you see fit. You could plant flowers, vegetables, herbs, or (3) ____________
any other green you desire The requirement would be that you 9
spend at last one hour in the garden every week and that you bring a (4) ____________
few garden implements to share, such as watering cans, gardening (5) ____________
gloves, fertilizer, and shovels. The benefits of a community garden
would be numerable. You would have access to land to garden you (6) ____________
might no otherwise have. You would be part of a worthwhile and (7) ____________
rewarded community activity that would allow you to meet other
residents who love gardening and who might have excellence (8) ____________
gardening skills and hints to share. Additionally, a community (9) ____________
garden would be a wonderful oasis in the middle of ours busy town
which you can come to walk, sit, or just enjoy the company of (10) ____________
neighbors in a lush and friendly setting. KEY 1. Isolation 3. Greener 2. Given 4.least 5.numerous/ innumerable 6.Not 7.rewarding 8.excellent 9. Our 10.where/ in which
E. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (20 points)
I. Rewrite the following sentences so that the meaning stay unchanged. Begin with the cues given
1. She has never ever witnessed such a beautiful scene in her life.
Never ___________________________________________________________________
2. Nobody sends her that present, she does it herself.
She______________________________________________________, she does it herself
3. Susan was fired because she was so careless with her job.
If _______________________________________________________________________
4. Although Peter didn’t prepare his presentation well, he improvised excellently.
Despite _________________________________________________________________ KEY
1. Never in her life has she witnessed such a beautiful scene.
2. She isn’t sent that present, she does it herself
3. If Susan hadn’t been so careless with her job, she would/ could not have been fired.
4. Despite not preparing his presentation well, Peter improvised excellently.
Part 2: Use the word given in brackets and make any necessary additions to write a new
sentence in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence.
Do NOT change the form of the given word. You must use between three and six words,
including the word given. (0) has been done as an example.

0. Fiona refused to wear her old dress. (not)
Fiona said that ________ she would not wear ________ her old dress. 1.
As long as he could see, Kevin really didn't mind where he sat in the stadium. (difference)
→ As long as he could see , ____________________________________ where he sat in the stadium. 10 2.
Somebody should have told us that the date had been changed. (informed)
→ We should ___________________________________ the change of the date. 3..
Jane's family persuaded her to enter the competition. (talked)
→ Jane was ____________________________________ the competition by her family. 4.
We never imagined that Julian might be planning to resign from his job. (occurred)
→ It never __________________________________ Julian might be planning to resign from his job. 5.
Sally was all ready to leave the office when her boss asked her to type up a report . (point)
→ Sally was ________________________________ the office when her boss asked her to type up a report. KEY
1. it made no difference to Kevin 2. have been informed about/of 3. talked into entering 4. occurred to us that 5. on the point of leaving THE END 11 12