BỘ GIÁO DUCH VÀ ĐÀO TẠO ĐẠI HỌC DUY TÂN KHOA TIẾNG ANH GIÁO TRÌNH NỘI BỘ READING LEVEL 3 Mã môn học: ENG 216
Chủ biên: Th.S. Nguyễn Quỳnh Chi LƯU HÀNH NỘI BỘ Đà Nẵng, 2022 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER 1: GRAMMAR
Lesson 1: Functions of To-infinitives and Gerunds 6
Lesson 2:Common Verbs, Nouns, and Adjectives Followed 11
by a To-infinitive – Common verbs followed by a Gerund
Lesson 3: Common Expressions Followed by a Gerund - 15
Verbs Followed by either a Gerund or a To-infinitive
Lesson 4: Practice with TOEIC Actual Questions (1) 19
Lesson 5: Practice with TOEIC Actual Questions (2) 25 CHAPTER 2: VOCABULARY
Lesson 6: Comparison of Equality 31 Lesson 7: Comparatives 33 Lesson 8: Superlatives 36
Lesson 9: Other Structures of Comparison 39
Lesson 10: Practice with TOEIC Actual Questions 42
CHAPTER 3: READING COMPREHENSION Lesson 11: Information 53 Lesson 12: Invitations 59 Lesson 13: Invoices 65 Lesson 14: Schedules 71 Lesson 15: Surveys 77 REFERENCES 83 PREFACE
This course book aims to equip students with knowledge to train their Reading 2
skill and help them to do tests of TOEIC. Its content includes Functions of To-infinitives
and Gerunds, verbs followed by To-infinitives and Gerunds, comparison forms of
adjectives and adverbs, and types of TOEIC reading comprehension such as Information,
Invitations, Invoices, Schedules and Surveys.
Chapter 1 includes 05 lessons, chapter 2 consists of 5 lessons, chapter 3 includes 5
lessons. This book gives students an opportunity to develop skills in writing. Many
exercises help students quickly improve writing skills through language material selected
from real tests. Each lesson has goals, which are clearly written, helping students obtain
what they need after a lesson. At the completion of this course, students will be able to
identify functions of To-infinitives and Gerunds, verbs followed by To- infinitives and
Gerunds, comparison forms of adjectives and adverbs , analyze types of TOEIC reading
comprehension such as Information, invitations, invoices, schedules and survey, use
functions of To-infinitives and Gerunds, verbs followed by To-infinitives and Gerunds,
comparison forms of adjectives and adverbs in in TOEIC reading test part 5 and 6 and
types of TOEIC reading comprehension such as Information, Invitations, Invoices,
Schedules and Surveys in TOEIC reading test part 7 and apply acquired knowledge and
skills in doing TOEIC reading test with the average score of 200 over 495 points.
Although a great effort has been made during the time researching and compiling this
course book, limitations, of course, are unavoidable. 3 LESSON 1
FUNCTIONS OF TO-INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS
I. FUNCTIONS OF A TO-INFINITIVE
1.1. To-infinitive as a Noun
Grammatically, when functioning as a noun, a to-infinitive can function as a subject, an
object, a subject complement, or an object complement. Subject
To recruit good employees is difficult. Object She wants to quit her job. Subject complement The goal is to increase sales. Object complement
He advised me to apply for the job.
1.1.1 Read the following sentences and point out the functions of the underlined to- infinitives. 1. T
o succeed in finding a job is not easy. Function: __________________
2. The manager encouraged the employees to work hard. Function: __________________
3. My dream is to work for the HD Corporation. Function: __________________
4. The manager wanted to interview three applicants. Function: __________________
5. They need to solve the problem now. Function: __________________
6. Jean helped me to complete the report. Function: __________________ 4
1.1.2. Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.
1. The SM Company needs ____________ more people. A. to hire B. hire C. to hiring D. hired
2. The purpose of the meeting is ____________ the issue. A. discussion B. discuss C. to discuss D. discussed
1.2. To-infinitive as an Adjective / Adverb
1.2.1. To-infinitive as an Adjective
A to-infinitive can follow a noun and functions as an adjective modifying that noun. He has a lot of work to do.
Ms. Smith has a business call to make.
1.2.2. To-infinitive as an Adverb
A to-infinitive can function as an adverb and expresses a purpose / reason, a judgment, or a result.
Expressing a purpose/reason
To pass the bar exam, Steve studied hard. Expressing a judgment
The owner must be stupid to say such a thing. Expressing a result
The boss advised her only to offend her.
1.2.3. Read the following sentences and point out the functions of the underlined to- infinitives.
1. They made a plan to visit the office in Chicago.
Function: _____________________
2. He exercises regularly to keep in shape.
Function: _____________________
3. The first thing to do is to have a meeting with the staff.
Function: _____________________
4. I am so glad to hear the news.
Function: _____________________
5. It is hard to find a place to park at this hour.
Function: _____________________
6. The company downsized the workforce only to decrease its productivity.
Function: _____________________
1.2.4. Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.
1. Mr. Kim worked hard ____________ a promotion. A. to get B. getting C. got D. get
2. All the staff members were surprised _____________ the bad news. A. heard B. hear C. hearing D. to hear II. FUNCTIONS OF A GERUND
A gerund is formed by adding the suffix –ing to a bare infinitive. It can function as a
subject, an object, or a complement in a sentence. 5 1. Gerund as a subject
Working overtime is sometimes unnecessary.
Speaking English well will help you get a good job. 2. Gerund as an object
All of the employees enjoyed participating in the seminar. (Object of the verb enjoy)
Thank you for answering my question. (Object of the preposition for) 3. Gerund as a complement
His concern is expanding his business quickly.
Tip Unlike nouns, gerunds may be followed by objects.
Explaining the concept was hard. (o)
Explanation the concept was hard. (x)
2.1. Choose the correct option given in brackets to complete each sentence then
point out its function in the sentence.
1. They suggested (get/getting) a new office. ____________
2. (Test/Testing) a new device is always fun. ____________
3. (Solving/Solve) the problem took lots of time and money. _____________
4. You can make a reservation by (to call/calling) the hotel. ______________
5. (Reduction/Reducing) the costs was more difficult than we had expected. ________
2.2. Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.
1. Her job is ____________ phone calls from customers. A. answered B. answering C. to answering D. answer
2. Many employees in the office are interested in ___________ medical checkups. A. get B. to get C. getting D. gotten III. PRACTICE
3.1. Choose one correct option in the parentheses.
1. We hope (gain / to gain) a greater market share.
2. Neil, Inc. has begun (produce / producing) memory chips.
3. Stress can prevent one from (sleeping / slept) well.
4. Our goal is (to attract / attraction) more customers.
5. I am writing (inquire / to inquire) whether my order was shipped.
6. (Read / Reading) the instructions on the package is essential.
7. We stopped (developing / develop) alternative fuels due to financial difficulties.
8. We will need (to enhance / enhancement) the security of our website.
9. Many people prefer (invest / to invest) in the IT industry.
10. You should look around before (joining / to join) a health club.
3.2. Choose the correct option for each of the following sentences. 6
1. The board members unanimously agreed ___________ Mr. Weber’s suggestion. A. accept B. to accept C. accepted D. acceptance
2. ___________ the speech several times before the ceremony is necessary.. A. Practice B. Practices C. Practiced D. Practicing
3. Some residents wish ____________ their phone numbers after they move. A. to keep B. keep C. kept D keeper
4. The accounting department may request receipts __________ your expense. A. verifying B. verify C. be verified D. to verify
5. The Conen Company started ___________ wall paper with flower designs last year. A. making B. make C. made D. of making
6. ___________ the facilities before the upcoming event, the firm required several
staff members to work overtime. A. To inspect B. Inspected C. Inspection D. Inspect
7. The company’s first’s priority is ___________ its customers with high-quality products. A. provides B. provide C. providing D. provided
8. Every company has an obligation __________ its workers with a safe and healthy work atmosphere. A. provide B. provides C. provision D. to provide
9. The meeting’s purpose is __________ improvements in employee benefits. A. discuss B. will discuss C. discussion D. to discuss
10. Competitiveness is maintained by __________ the skills of the employees. A. upgrading B. upgrades C. to upgrade D. upgraded
Questions 11 through 14 refer to the following letter. Dear Ms. Camden,
It is my pleasure …(11) you that we have chosen you to be our new personnel manager. 11. A. notified B. notify C. notifies D. to notify
We will get in touch with you by phone within the next few weeks ……(12) your
12. A.finalizing B. to finallize C. to finallizing D. finallize
contract and arrange a starting date. There were a large number of high - quality
applicants for the vacancy. However, your skills and experience made you ……(13) out 13. A. stand B. standing C. to stand D. stood
from the rest. You have met all ……(14) for the position, and I am sure you will be very 14. A. resources B. capabilities C. requirements D. evaluations
successful at our company. We look forward to working with you in the near future. Sincerely, 7 Adam Vordac,
Human Resources Independent Design, Ltd. LESSON 2
COMMON VERBS, NOUNS & ADJECTIVES FOLLOWED BY A TO-INFINITIVE
COMMON VERBS FOLLOWED BY A GERUND
I. COMMON VERBS, NOUNS & ADJECTIVES FOLLOWED BY A TO- INFINITIVE
1.1. Common verbs followed by a to-infinitive want to refuse to wish to manage to prefer to learn to
hope to propose to offer to ask to seem to permit to plan to expect to need to decide to attempt to arrange to fail to afford to agree to promise to choose to intend to
The supplier offered to send samples.
The congressman agreed to aid small enterprises.
Some people refuse to pay their income taxes.
1.2. Common nouns followed by a to-infinitive ability to plan to time to chance/opportunity to right to effort to way to decision to
Consumers have the right to ask for a refund if the product is defective or of low quality.
1.3. Common adjectives followed by a to-infinitive be able to be willing to be pleased to be easy/difficult to be eager to be likely to be about to be ready to 8
You will be able to purchase our goods and services online within a month.
II. COMMON VERBS FOLLOWED BY A GERUND
Verbs following some typical verbs below must always be in the form of a gerund.
These gerunds functions as the object of the verbs. enjoy Deny practice postpone imagine mind avoid suggest recommend appreciate consider Risk admit give up recall finish Keep miss put off involve
2.1. Fill the gaps with the correct forms of the verbs given in brackets.
1. (sign) The CEO agreed ________________ the contract.
2. (review) You can take your time _____________ the checklists.
3. (increase) The interest rates are likely ________________ in the first quarter.
4. (relocate) The corporation wishes ___________ outside New York.
5. (lower) The manager promised ____________ the sales quotas for new dealers.
2.2. Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.
1. We are eager ______________ you and to talk about the issue. A. to meet B. meeting C. meet D. met
2. I don’t think many people will have a chance _____________ for the job. A. for applying B. applying C. to applying D. to apply III. PRACTICE
3.1. Choose one correct option in the parentheses.
1. Profits are expected (to double / doubling) in the next quarter.
2. Those interested in (apply / applying) for the job position should send their résumé.
3. In order to (maintain / maintaining) the air purifying system, we hired another mechanic.
4. I enjoyed (to talk / talking) with many representatives from overseas branches.
5. You are strongly advised (to purchase / purchasing) medical insurance before travelling overseas.
6. They are considering (to offer / offering) a special discount for the upcoming season.
7. We asked our reception staff (to check / checking) the registration list very carefully.
8. I wish (to get / getting) a job at a stable company after graduating.
9. Museum visitors are not permitted (to take / taking) photographs inside the building.
10. They postponed (to open / opening) a new branch in San Diego. 9
3.2. Choose the correct option for each of the following sentences.
1. Please contact one of our customer service representative to __________ a membership. A. renew B. renewing C. renewed D. renewal
2. Coal production for the following quarter is expected __________ the last quarter by five percent. A. exceeding B. excess C. to exceed D. exceed
3. The firm is considering __________ strict policy regarding employee absences. A. to introduce B. introduced C. introduce D. introducing
4. We strongly recommend ___________ rooms more than eight weeks in advance
during the busy summer months. A. books B. to book C. booking D. be booked
5. You should call the hotel __________ your reservation at least one day in advance. A. confirm B. to confirm C. confirming D. confirms
6. We are now considering _________ a better maintenance system to increase productivity. A. to develop B. develop C. developed D. developing
7. They finished the research but failed ____________ the results. A. Reporting B. to report C. report D. for reporting
8. The company made every effort __________ customer satisfaction. A. Boost B. boosting C. to boost D. for boosting
9. The marketing manager suggested __________ the logo to enhance the image of the company. A. change B. changing C. to change D. of changing
10. Toby Electronics requests that customers postpone __________ GXT 250 laptops
until the technical issues are resolved. A. purchase B. purchased C. purchasing D. to purchase
Questions 11 – 13 refer to the following notice. Date: August 10 Subject: Employee Awards Night
We have scheduled the ceremony ___________ awards to the company’s employees of the 11. A. present B. presents C. to present D. presented
year for August 18. There will be a rehearsal on August 16, so please suggest Jane Williams
and Ryan Monk ____________ to the second-floor conference hall 5:00 p.m. My secretary 12. A. to reporting B. to report C. reporting D. report
plans ___________ out the invitations to the employees and their families soon. 13. A. to mail B. mailed C. is mailing D. mail Mr. David Hornsby 190 Broadway 0 Vancouver, BC D M H b
I. Common Expressions Followed by a Gerund
Below are some common expressions followed by a gerund, which are useful not only
in the TOEIC test but also in daily life. have difficulty V-ing can’t help V-ing be busy V-ing can’t stand V-ing
spend (time/money) V-ing look forward to V-ing there is no use V-ing be good/bad at V-ing be worth V-ing be devoted to V-ing feel like V-ing be used to V-ing with a view to V-ing be accustomed to V-ing
I had difficulty finding a firm to work at.
We look forward to working with you.
He is not accustomed to using a smartphone.
1.1. Choose the correct option given in brackets to complete each sentence.
1. This proposal is worth (to read / reading).
2. Do you feel like (to go / going ) out to eat?
3. The director is devoted to (promote / promoting ) sales.
4. The employees are not accustomed (to using / to use) the Intranet.
5. We are looking forward to (hearing / hear) from you.
6. The new secretary spends her time (to shop / shopping) online at lunchtime.
1.2. Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.
1. The team is busy ____________ a new software program. A. develop B. to develop C. developing D. development
2. Mr. Smith had difficulty ____________ used to the new working environment. A. getting B. to get C. get D. gotten
II. Verbs Followed by either a Gerund or a To-infinitive
2.1. Verbs followed by either a gerund or a to-infinitive with meanings unchanged. like love hate start begin continue
They started to work on the project. / They started working on the project.
2.2. Verbs followed by either a gerund or a to-infinitive with meanings changed Gerund To-infinitive Remembe
An action that needs to be done in the
An action that was done in the past r future 11
An action that needs to be done in the Forget
An action that was done in the past future Give up/quit what one is Stop
Make a break/pause in order to do sth doing/what one does Try Experimenting Making an effort Regret
An action that was done in the past An action that going to be informed
You should remember to mail this invitation before noon.
I remember meeting the guy at the conference.
2.3. Look at the following sentences and explain the meanings of the underlined parts.
1. Don’t forget to submit the application form. ________________________
2. I forgot applying for the position, so I was surprised when they called me.
________________________________
3. I do not regret working at this company. _____________________________
4. We regret to say that your proposal has been rejected after a careful review.
_____________________________________
5. We all try to get the best results. ______________________________
2.4. Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.
1. Please remember ____________ all the windows before you leave the office. A. close B. closing C. closed D. to close
2. I do not regret ___________ my previous job, and I am pleased with my current one. A. quit B. quitting C. to quit D. to quitting III. PRACTICE
1. ____________ the restaurant will attract more customers. A. Renovation B. Renovating C. Renovated D. To renovating
2. The newly hired secretary is good at ___________. A. organizing B. to organize C. organize D. organization
3. The president suggested _____________ a new staff lounge to better serve the employees. A. to build B. build C. built D. building
4. We would like to thank you for ____________ in our annual conference. A. participate B. participating
C. to participating D. participated
5. Mr. Carter has had difficulty ___________ experienced research specialists since last month. A. find B. finding C. to find D. found
6. Because of the bad economic situation, we could not help _____________ our New York branch. A. close B. closed C. closing D. to close 12
7. You can simply book your ticket by _____________ our website on dropping by one of our stores. A. visits B visiting C. visit D. to visit
8. We regret _____________ you that your application has been rejected. A. to tell B. told C. telling D. tells
9. They stopped ____________ the old model in order to promote a newly released one. A. to sell B. selling C. sold D. sell
10. ____________ the number of security guards will hopefully reduce the chance of thefts. A Increase B. Increasing C. Increased D. To increasing
11. Atlantis Co. Strictly prohibits its employees from _________ an office phone for personal reasons. A. use B. to use C. used D. using
12. The company has considered ______________ its branch to Boston for the past few weeks. A. relocation B. to relocate C. relocating D. relocated
13. Do not forget ___________ the application form before submitting it to Ms. Radowich at the front desk. A. signing B. to sign C. sign D. signed
14. Ms. Wrigley has decided to stop ____________ applicants because she has found a well-qualified person. A. interview B. interviewed C. to interview D. interviewing
15. If you wish to exchange for size or color, please return it it us within 30 days of __________ your order. A. receipt B. received C. receiving D. receive
16. __________ various information regarding computer skill not only offline but also
online is part of our business. A. Provide B. Providing C. Provided D. Provides
17. The secretary was busy ____________ calls to the customers who have cancelled their orders. A. make B. to make C. making D. to making
18. We could not afford _________ a new copying machine because it was quite expensive. A. buying B. to buying C. buy D. to buy 13
Questions 19 - 20 refer to the following letter. Dear Mr. Myer,
According to our records, your membership with California Fitness will expire in a
few weeks. We would like to __________ you with a special offer. With 19. A. provide B. schedule B. cancel D. approve
your renewal of your membership, you can continue ____________ our facilities 20. A. use B. used C. using D. uses
and services at a discounted price. Sincerely, Jane Miller 14 LESSON 4
PRACTICE WITH TOEIC ACTUAL QUESTIONS (1) 15 16 17 18 19 20