Handout_Relative - Basic English | Đại học Ngoại ngữ - Tin học Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh

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Class: .......................... Teacher: Ta Thanh Thuy Teacher: Ta Thanh Thuy RELATIVE CLAUSE A. Defining relative clauses
Subject Object Possessive People who / that (1) who / whom / that (3) (-) whose (5) Thing which / that (2) which / that (4) (-) whose / of which (6) s about:blank 2/16 03:17 9/8/24 Handout_Relative_Cleft Examples:
(1) I have just seen the boys who / that broke my window yesterday.
(2) The road which / that leads to the city center is in bad condition.
(3) The secretary who / whom / that my father has just employed is very
talented. (4) The books which / that you gave me last week are very interesting.
(5) The woman whose daughter has just got married is distant relative of mine.
(6) Houses whose walls were made of wood were all destroyed by the storm.
Houses, the walls of which were made of wood, were all destroyed by the storm. * We should use THAT after: - Superlative
Ex: She is the most beautiful woman that I have ever met.
- All, anything, everything, nothing, something
Ex: He is responsible for everything that happens in the office
* Relative pronouns used as object can be omitted (-)
Ex: The books (which / that) you gave me last week are very interesting.
The secretary (who / whom / that) my father has just employed is very
talented. B. Non-defining relative clauses
* We use non-defining relative clauses after:
- Proper names (Mary, Peter, New York, …)
- Possessive (My father, your book, Susan’s brother, …)
- This, that, these, those (this house, that woman, these girls, those
chairs, …) - Unique things (the sun, the moon, the earth, …)
Subject Object Possessive People who (1) who / whom (3) whose (5) Things which (2) which (4) whose / of which (6) Examples:
(1) That man, who has just lent me his umbrella, is very helpful.
(2) Our house, which was built 100 years ago, really needs
reconstructing. (3) Those girls, who / whom I teach English, all comes from rich families. Page 1 Grammar_Relative Clauses
(4) These classrooms, which were built last year, have not been
used yet. (5) Lan, whose father is an English teacher, cannot speak about:blank 3/16 03:17 9/8/24 Handout_Relative_Cleft
English. (6) My room, whose window is very large, is very small.
My room, the window of which is very large, is very small.
* We use comma(s) (,) to separate non-defining relative clause from main
clause. * We don’t use THAT in non-defining relative clauses
* Relative pronouns used as objects cannot be omitted
* We can use WHICH to replace the whole previous
clause (*) Ex: He passed his exam. This makes his parents very proud.
 He passed his exam, which makes his parents very
proud. C. Prepositions + whom / which
Ex: She is the woman (who / whom / that) I told you about.
 She is the woman about whom I told you.
The music (which / that) we listened to last night was really
good.  The music to which we listened last night was really
good. D. Reducing relative clause Relative clause Reducing
… who is standing over there … …
Active … who is standing over there … who standing over there … who stands over there …
Passive … which was given to him … … which was given to him …
- He is the only person who held by ... … the only
First, second, last, only, …, believes me. superlative - I have a lot of homework person to believe me. that I have to do.
Noun/pronoun + to infinitive- Is there anything that I can - I have a lot of homework - This is the first meeting eat? to do. - Is there anything to which is held by our … the first meeting to be eat? organization. Others - I want to meet the persone - I want to meet the persone who is responsible for this. who is responsible for this. - Hanoi, which is the captal - Hanoi, which is the captal of Vietnam, is the second of Vietnam, is the second largest city of Vietnam. largest city of Vietnam. - The books which are - The books which are about the history of the US about the history of the US are on the left. are on the left. about:blank 4/16 03:17 9/8/24 Handout_Relative_Cleft Page 2 Teacher: Ta Thanh Thuy
E. Positions of Relative Clauses in a sentence
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........... F. In multiple choice questions
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........... G. Where – When – Why about:blank 5/16 03:17 9/8/24 Handout_Relative_Cleft
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........... H. With quantifiers
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..................................................................................................................................... ........... Page 3 Grammar_Relative Clauses I. What vs. That
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..................................................................................................................................... ........... PRACTICE Choose the correct answers: C. it which D. it
1. The artist ___ paintings you like is
7. “Did you know the person ___ wallet very young. you found?”- “Yes. “ A. who B. whom A. which B. that his C. whose D. which C. whose D. that’s
2. Friends are people ___close to
8. We haven’t heard ___ the result us. A. who is B. who are was. A. what B. which C. which is D which are C. that D. whose
3. Do you remember Mrs. Goddard, 9. Haywood is the village ___ ___ taught us English? A. where I was born in “I certainly do. “ B. which I was born A. who B. whom C. in which I was born C. that D. which D. which I was born there
4. “Which city did you like most?” “I enjoyed
10. The movie___ last night was
all of the cities on the tour, but the
terrific. A. I went B. I went to it C. I
city___ I enjoyed most was Miami, went to D. that I went Florida.”
11. The teacher ___ has not yet A. what B. that
arrived. A. I wrote to you about C. where D. there B. who I wrote to you
5. This is the best play ___ I have ever C. I wroteyou about him seen. A. where B. what
D. whom I wrote to you about him C. that D. who
12. He showed us the house ___ he was
6. The police haven’t yet found the car born. A. which B. in which ___ was in the accident. C. in where D. in that A. which B. which it
13. The time___ he’ll start is about:blank 7/16 03:17 9/8/24 Handout_Relative_Cleft unknown. A. where B. when woman___ handbag was stolen. C. which D how A. who B. whom 14. The police questioned the C. whose D. of which Page 4 Teacher: Ta Thanh Thuy
15. The police must try to catch those morning. A. is from London B.from men___ drive dangerously.
London who C. from London D.was A. who B. they from London C. who they D. which they
25. The girl you___ yesterday is waiting for
16.“Is Dr. Brown the person___ you wish you downstairs.
to speak?” - “Yes, please.”
A. told me B. told me about C. tell A. that B. whom
D. told me about her 26. Dr. Zhivago, C. to that D to whom
___, has now left Bangkok. A. we saw
17. I have three brothers, ___ are six months ago
businessmen. A. that all of them B. who B. who we saw six months ago they all C. which we saw six months ago
C. all of whom D. who all of them
D. which we saw it six months ago
18. The chemistry book___ was a little 27. The boy___ is here. expensive. A. whose sick sister B. whose sister sick
A. that I bought it B. I bought that C. what I bought D. I bought C. who his sister is sick
19.“Have you ever met the man ___ over D. whose sister is sick
28.“How about the book___ last
there?” - “No. Who is he?”
week?” “I haven’t had time to read it” A. stands B. standing A. I bought it you
C. is standing D. who he is standing 20. B. that I bought it you
My grandfather,___ a wise man, has C. I bought you greatly influenced my life D. I bought it for you A. is B. that is
29. He will take us to the town___ we can C. who is D. who he is see old temples
21. One of the girls___ in that company A. which B. where
died. A. whose worked B. whom worked C. that D. at it C. worked D. who worked
30. He possesses all___ makes life
22. The reason___ he’s late is that he agreeable. A. which B. that had an accident. C. what D. to A. which B. in which
31. He is the man ___ son I once C.for that D. why taught. A. who B. whom
23. Is Albert Schweitzer,___ works I C. whose D. whoever
respect highly, still a doctor?
32. He always did___ seemed right to A. which B. whose him. A. which B. what C. what D. who’s
24. A man___ came to see you this C. that D. who about:blank 8/16 03:17 9/8/24 Handout_Relative_Cleft 33. My___ plays golf.
D. grandfather, who is over sixty, still
A. grandfather who is over sixty
34.“Who is the professor?” “He’s the
still B. grandfather, who is over
man___.” A. which is talking to Mr. Smith
sixty still C. grandfather who is
now B. that talks to Mr. Smith now over sixty, still Page 5 Grammar_Relative Clauses C.talk to Mr. Smith now
42. Tell me ___ you want and I will try to D.talking to Mr. Smith now help you.
35.“Is April the twenty - first the day ___ A. that B. what
?” “ No. The twenty- second.“ C. who D. which A. you will arrive then
43. The girl ___ me this gift is my best B. when you will arrive
friend. A. presented B. was presenting C. on that you will arrive C. presenting D. be presenting D. when you will arrive on
44.“Is this the address to___ you want
36. Venice, ___ was built on water, is a
the package sent?” - “Yes.” city in Italy. A. where B. which A. where B. which C. whom D that C. that D. in which
45. Yang Liwei was the first Chinese
37. Ann quit her job at the advertising astronaut ___ into the space.
agency, ___ surprised everyone.
A. to be flown B. to have flown C. A. which B. that to be flying D. to fly C. that is D. who 46.“He looks familiar.”
38. I read a book about Picasso,
“He’s the author ___ novel became a
___ . A. who a Spanish painter is best seller.” B.a Spanish painter A. which B. of which C. is a Spanish painter C. whose D. whom D. that isa Spanish painter
47.“Hi, Nick. I break bad news. Natalie
39. Florida, ___ the Sunshine State, and James broke up again.”
attracts many tourists every year.
“I know, but it is James ___ is to blame A. is B. known as this time, not Nathalie.”
C. is known as D that is known as 40. A. for whom B. who
Sheila couldn’t come to the party, ___ was C. whose D. which a pity.
48.“Wendover? Never heard of that A. that B. it town before.” C. what D. which
“Well, actually it’s the town ___ I spent
41.“Have you seen the place ___ the my teen years.”
meeting will be held?” - “Yes. It is big A. where B. when
enough to hold 5,000 people.” C. who D. which A. in that B. where 49.“What are you reading?” C. in where that D. which
“A review of the film ___ was on about:blank 9/16 03:17 9/8/24 Handout_Relative_Cleft television last night.” career?” A. which it B. that it
“It was the moment ___ I realised that C. where D. which
my partner was giving away company 50.“Which was the most secrets to our rivals.” disappointing moment in your Page 6 Teacher: Ta Thanh Thuy A. which B. when C. throw D. thrown C. where D. on which
56. The man___ part in the robbery
51.“Is there a problem with the letter?”
refused to give any information.
“The person ___ this letter is addressed A. took B. taking no longer lives here.” C. to take D. who take A. who B. to who
57. The travel agent gave me a brochure C. to whom D. whom
___ all the needed information.
52. India is the country ___ he spent the A. contains B.to contain early years of his life.
C. containing D. which contain 58. A. at which B. where
I read “The Old Man and the Sea”, ___ C. that D. on which written by Ernest Hemingway.
53. Vicky, ___ name was missed off the
A. a novel B. that is a novel C. list, wasn’t very pleased. which D. which has A. which B. whom
59. Who is it ______ is waiting at the C. whose D. who gate? A. whom B. he
54. The new computer system ___ for the C. which D. that
post office will allow accounts to be
60. A battery is a device ______ managed over the Internet. electricity by chemical means. A. design B. designing A. it produces
C. designed D. which designing 55. B. by which production of
Many forest fires are caused by cigarettes C. produces ___ out of cars. D. which produces A. are throwing B. have thrown
Complete each sentence with where, when, or why then give the equivalent form of preposition + which
1. We visited the school .................... my father taught.
2. I met her last month, .................... she came to our house.
3. We all looked at the place .................... the fire had started.
4. I met him in the café, .................... he was working as a waiter.
5. Do you remember the time .................... Adrian fell off his bicycle?
6. Did they tell you the reason .................... they were late? about:blank 10/16 03:17 9/8/24 Handout_Relative_Cleft
7. The cat sat on the wall, .................... it had a good view of the
birds. 8. I’m talking about the time .................... they didn’t have cars.
9. Last year I spent my holiday in Spain, .................... I met Andy.
10. I couldn’t understand the reason .................... they were so rude.
11. I bought them last year, .................... I was in France.
12. We went away in August, .................... the children were on holiday from
school. 13. I never liked the house .................... my husband was born. Page 7 Grammar_Relative Clauses
14. They arrived in the evening, at a time .................... we were all out.
15. I listen to music late at night, .................... the children have gone to
bed. Join the two sentences by means of a relative pronoun or adverb.
1. Some people are shy about speaking in public. Computers can help them.
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_ 2. Torture is inhuman. Torture was normal in Chile during Pinochet’s regime.
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_ 3. Mr Perkins is a bit deaf. He couldn’t hear the phone.
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_ 4. Diamond is a very hard substance. It is used for cutting.
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_ 5. A man has gone to prison. He shot two policemen.
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_ 6. Mary has got three sisters. All of them are married.
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_ 7. A building was destroyed in the fire. It has now been rebuilt.
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_ 8. Sheila is away from home a lot. Her job involves a lot of travelling.
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_ 9. Do you know the girl? Tom is talking to her.
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_ 10. There was a strike at the car factory. It lasted ten days. It’s now over.
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_ 11. I met a friend last week. Her husband is an astronaut. about:blank 11/16 03:17 9/8/24 Handout_Relative_Cleft
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_ 12. They asked me a lot of questions. Most of them were about general knowledge.
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_ 13. We saw the palace. Louis XIV lived there.
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_ 14. Tom cooked a meal. It was delicious.
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_ 15. I found a man’s wallet. He gave me a reward.
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_ 16. We stayed at the Grand Hotel. Ana recommended it to us.
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_ 17. I was looking for a book this morning. I have found it now.
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18. The new conference centre was designed by Norman Foster. It will open tomorrow.
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_ 19. Sandra is going to marry a man. His brother is in my class.
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20. A man woke me up. He gave me a letter. It contained some instructions.
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21. That sunscreen with a high sun protection factor is very efficient. I don’t remember its name.
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22. The car stopped at the entrance. It had its lights off.
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_ 23. I know many students. Their grades are very low.
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_ 24. Peter made some sandwiches. They all have been eaten.
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_ 25. Jim is one of my closest friends. I have known him for a very long time. about:blank 12/16 03:17 9/8/24 Handout_Relative_Cleft
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_ 26. John and Joe are brothers. They own the café down the street.
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_ 27. He bought these trousers at a second-hand shop. His best friend owns it.
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_ 28. That woman is a wealthy heiress. She is wearing dark sunglasses.
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_ 29. His article was accepted by the editor. He wrote it last week.
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30. Jim and Maureen are our neighbours. Their daughter has just got married.
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Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one, using the
word given without its being changed in any way.
1. Whose is the car which is blocking the street? whom
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_ 2. This is the town in which Thomas Hardy was born. where
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_ 3. It was generous of her to donate so much money to charity. which
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_ 4. He’s the author who received the prize. whom
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_ 5. These are strangers about whom we know nothing. who
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6. That couple had their child abducted by terrorists. whose
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_ 7. It was unfortunate that you weren’t able to attend the meeting. which
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_ 8. To whom are you sending the parcel? who
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_ 9. This is the dog which was awarded first prize at Crufts. to about:blank 13/16 03:17 9/8/24 Handout_Relative_Cleft
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_ 10. A lot of tourists went on a trip to Delphi; most of them were from England. whom
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_ Correct the sentence where necessary.
1. I don’t like stories who have unhappy endings.
2. What was the name of the person who phoned you?
3. Where is the nearest shop who sells newspaper?
4. Do you know the person who took these photographs?
5. We live in a world what is changing all the time.
6. Dan said some things about me that were not true.
7. What was the name of the team it won the match?
8. Have you found the keys you lost?
9. The people we met last night were very nice.
10. The people work in the office are very friendly.
11. What have you done with the money I gave you?
12. What is the best thing it has ever happened to you?
13. What happened to the money was on the table?
14. You can have anything you like.
15. That’s the Queen, whose resign began in 1953. Page 10 Teacher: Ta Thanh Thuy CLEFT SENTENCES
Sentence Lisa always does the housework after work. Subject focused It is Object focused about:blank 14/16 03:17 9/8/24 Handout_Relative_Cleft Adverbial phrases focused
Sentence: Harry Harry lost his wallet on the way home. Subject focused It was Object focused Adverbial phrases focused PRACTICE:
1. I bought an ice cream for Jimmy. →
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....... 2. My brother did his homework after he had had dinner. →
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....... 3. They have remade their plans for summer vacation. →
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Some of our relatives visited us last week. →
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....... 5. The doctor keeps a record of all the serious illnesses in the village. →
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....... 6. I bought him a bottle of drink in return for his kindness. →
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He would disappear for weeks on end. →
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....... 8. Oil spills are having a devastating effect on coral reefs in the ocean. →
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