Kì thi chọn đội tuyển chính thức dự thi HSG quốc gia lớp 12 THPT Quảng Ngãi năm học 2017-2018 môn thi Tiếng Anh
Kì thi chọn đội tuyển chính thức dự thi HSG quốc gia lớp 12 THPT Quảng Ngãi năm học 2017-2018 môn thi Tiếng Anh giúp các bạn học sinh sắp tham gia các kì thi Tiếng Anh tham khảo, học tập và ôn tập kiến thức, bài tập và đạt kết quả cao trong kỳ thi sắp tới. Mời bạn đọc đón xem!
Môn: Đề thi chọn học sinh giỏi Tiếng Anh lớp 12 THPT & đội tuyển dự thi học sinh giỏi Quốc gia THPT
Trường: Đề thi chọn HSG Tiếng Anh từ lớp 9 đến lớp 12 cấp trường, quận/ huyện, tỉnh/ thành phố
Thông tin:
Tác giả:
Preview text:
SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO
KỲ THI CHỌN HỌC SINH GIỎI CẤP TỈNH QUẢNG NGÃI
LỚP 12 NĂM HỌC 2017 – 2018 Ngày thi: 12/10/2017 Môn thi: Tiếng Anh ĐỀ CHÍNH THỨC
Thời gian làm bài: 180 phút
(Đề thi gồm 12 trang. Thí sinh làm bài trên tờ giấy thi.)
A. LISTENING (4 POINTS)
(You will listen to the recording once only)
SECTION I: Questions 1 - 10
Questions 1- 6: Complete the table below, write NO MORE THAN THREE
WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer Price Extra facilities Guesthouse Room
(1) $ ____________ per night Air conditioning and shower Waterfront Room
(2) $ ____________ per night With (3) ___________
(4) $ ____________ for kids Extra bedding for kids
under 12 in Waterhouse Room Extra services Free Swimming pool $ 8 per hour (5) _______________ $ 4 per hour (6) _______________
Question 7: Complete the note below, write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS
AND/OR A NUMBER for the answer
Address: Country Comfort Albury, (7) _______________ Street, NSW.
Questions 8-10: Choose THREE letters, A-F
Which THREE activities is the caller interested in doing there? A. alpine skiing B. in-housing movies C. walking in the valleys D. spa soaking E. shopping F.
dining out in one local restaurant
SECTION II: Questions 11-20
Questions 11-15: Choose the correct letter, A, B or C
Question 11: The dean of a university had to resign for committing plagiarism A. when he was famous
B. more than 20 years ago C. over a period of 20 years
Question 12: A survey of US school students showed that in 1989 copying occurred among A. 58% of them B. 69% of them C. 97% of them
Question 13: A recent survey showed that cheating is most common among A. high school students
B. undergraduate students C. postgraduate students
Question 14: The main reason for plagiarism has become more common is
A. students can cut and paste from the Internet Trang 1/12
B. the Internet contains a lot of information.
C. teachers are too busy to check for plagiarism.
Question 15: Using the computer program to detect plagiarism may cost a student A. 30c B. 50c C. 60c
Questions 16-20: Complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer
Question 16: The computer program to detect copying cannot tell whether students
have copied from __________________
Question 17: Every university in ___________ is now using this computer program.
Question 18: The most common penalty for plagiarism is to _________________
Question 19: A method now being used to reduce the occurrence of plagiarism among
undergraduate is _______________
Question 20: Universities prefer to _______________ about plagiarism rather than
catch students who have plagiarized.
SECTION III: Questions 21 -30
What’s the tutor’s opinion of the following company project?
Choose FIVE answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-H TUTOR’S OPINION
A. It would be very rewarding for the student.
B. It is too ambitious.
C. It would be difficult to evaluate.
D. It wouldn’t be sufficiently challenging.
E. It would involve extra costs.
F. It is beyond the student’s current ability.
G. It is already being done by another student.
H. It would probably have the greatest impact on the company. Company projects
Question 21: Customer database
Question 22: Online sales catalogue Question 23: Payroll
Question 24: Stock inventory
Question 25: Internal security
Question 26: Customer services Questions 27-30 Questions 27-28
Choose TWO letters, A-E
Which TWO problems do Sam and the tutor identify concerning group assignments? A. Personal relationships
B. Cultural differences C. Division of labor D. Group leadership E. Group size Questions 29-30
Choose TWO letters, A-E
Which TWO problems does Sam identify concerning lecturers? A. Punctuality B. Organization Trang 2/12 C. Accessibility D. Helpfulness E. Teaching materials
SECTION IV: Questions 31 - 40
You will hear FIVE short extracts in which people talk about their experience at the theatre.
While you listen you must complete both tasks Task one
For questions 31-35 choose from the list A-H what each speaker says about the show he or she enjoys most
A. The atmosphere was intimate.
B. I love the period costumes.
C. The play was very moving. Speaker 1 31.
D. I saw the play a couple of times. Speaker 2 32.
E. The play had a large cast. Speaker 3 33.
F. I went along reluctantly. Speaker 4 34.
G. The star of the show was very talented. Speaker 5 35.
H. The show was performed by a foreign company. Task two
For questions 36-40 choose from the list A-H the view each speaker has about
why theatre is an interesting medium.
A. The thrill of watching big stars is unforgettable.
B. Who can get carried away by the performance.
C. The theatre can be a communal experience. Speaker 1 36.
D. It is interesting to learn from the cast. Speaker 2 37.
E. Ideas can be conveyed with stunning force. Speaker 3 38.
F. Each performance is a unique experience. Speaker 4 39.
G. You sometimes feel transported to a different era. Speaker 5 40.
H. The theatre can surprise and stimulate the audience.
B. READING COMPREHENSION (6 POINTS) PART I: Questions 1-10
Read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each gap RAISING AWARENESS
In cities around the world a wide range of schemes is being instigated to promote
environmental awareness. “It’s just as easy to (1) __________ of litter properly as it is
to drop it on the streets,” says city councilor Mike Edwards, who has (2) __________
on the government to mount a concerted campaign to deal with the problem of litter.
“It’s just a matter of encouraging people to do so as a (3) __________ of course. Once
the habit is ingrained, they won’t even (4) __________ they are doing it. After all,
think what we have achieved with recyclable waste in the home. Sorting paper, glass,
aluminum and plastic waste and then depositing it in the appropriate container outside
is (5) __________ a great chore anymore. People have become accustomed to doing
this, so it doesn’t occur to them that they are spending any additional time in the
process. Only if they have to carry this waste for some appreciable distance to find a
suitable container do they feel they are (6) __________” Trang 3/12
Most people know they should behave in a responsible way and just need (7)
__________ to do so. So a quirky, (8) __________ gimmick might be enough to
change behavior. With this in mind, the city of Berlin is introducing rubbish bins that
says “danke”, “thank you” and “merci”- Berlin is a(n) (9) __________ city – when
someone drops an item of rubbish into them. It might just (10) __________ the trick in the city, too. Question 1: A. dispose B. discard C. jettison D. throw
Question 2: A. appealed B. called C. approached D. urged
Question 3: A. principle B. system C. matter D. duty Question 4: A. notice B. remark C. comprehend D. appreciate Question 5: A. almost B. barely C. virtually D. hardly
Question 6: A. inconvenienced B. sacrificed C. complicated D. imposed
Question 7: A. ordering B. prompting C. forcing D. obliging
Question 8: A. lighthearted B. mundane C. subjective D. intense Question 9: A. worldly B. mixed C. cosmopolitan D. international Question 10: A. serve B. do C. make D. play PART II: Questions 11 - 20
Read the passage and do the tasks below
SO YOU THINK HUMANS ARE UNIQUE
There was a time when we thought humans were special in so many ways. Now we
know better. We are not the only species that feels emotions, empathizes with others or
abides by a moral code. Neither are we the only ones with personalities, cultures and
the ability to design and use tools. Yet we have steadfastly clung to the notion that one
attribute , at least, makes us unique: we alone have the capacity for language.
Alas, it turns out we are not so special in this respect either. Key to the
revolutionary reassessment of our talent for communication is the way we think about
language itself. Where once it was seen as a monolith, a discrete and singular entity,
today scientists find it is more productive to think of language as a suite of abilities.
Viewed this way, it becomes apparent that the component parts of language are not as unique as the whole.
Take gesture, arguably the starting point for language. Until recently, it was
considered uniquely human – but not any more. Mike Tomasello of the Max Planck
Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, and others have
compiled a list of gestures observed in monkeys, gibbons, gorillas, chimpanzees,
bonobos and orang-utans, which reveals that gesticulation plays a large role in their
communication. Ape gestures can involve touch, vocalising or eye movement, and
individuals wait until they have another ape’s attention before making visual or
auditory gestures. If their gestures go unacknowledged, they will often repeat them or touch the recipient.
In an experiment carried out in 2006 by Erica Cartmill and Richard Byme from
the University of St Andrews in the UK, they got a person to sit on a chair with some
highly desirable food such as banana to one side of them and some bland food such as
celery to the other. The orang-utans, who could see the person and the food from their
enclosures, gestured at their human partners to encourage them to push the desirable
food their way. If the person feigned incomprehension and offered the bland food, the
animals would change their gestures - just as humans would in a similar situation. If
the human seemed to understand while being somewhat confused, giving only half the Trang 4/12
preferred food, the apes would repeat and exaggerate their gestures - again in exactly
the same way a human would. Such findings highlight the fact that the gestures of non-
human primates are not merely innate reflexes but are learned, flexible and under
voluntary control - all characteristics that are considered prerequisites for human-like communication.
As well as gesturing, pre-linguistic infants babble. At about five months, babies
start to make their first speech sounds, which some researchers believe contain a
random selection of all the humans can produce. But as children learn the language of
their parents, they narrow their sound repertoire to fit the model to which they are
exposed, producing just the sounds of their native language as well as its classic
intonation patterns. Indeed, they lose their polymath talents so effectively that they are
ultimately unable to produce some sounds – think about the difficulty some speakers
have producing the English th.
Dolphin calves also pass through a babbling phase. Laurance Doyle from the
SETI Institute in Mountain View, California, Brenda McCowan from the University of
California at Davis and their colleagues analysed the complexity of baby dolphin
sounds and found it looked remarkably like that of babbling infants, in that the young
dolphins had a much wider repertoire of sound than adults. This suggests that they
practice the sounds of their species, much as human babies do, before they begin to put
them together in the way characteristic of mature dolphins of their species.
Of course, language is more than mere sound - it also has meaning. While the
traditional, cartoonish version of animal communication renders it unclear,
unpredictable and involuntary, it has become clear that various species are able to give
meaning to particular sounds by connecting them with specific ideas. Dolphins use
“signature whistles”, so called because it appears that they name themselves. Each
develops a unique moniker within the first year of life and uses it whenever it meets another dolphin.
One of the clearest examples of animals making connections between specific,
sounds and meanings was demonstrated by Klaus Zuberbuhler and Katie Slocombe of
the University of St Andrews in the UK. They noticed that chimps at Edinburgh Zoo
appeared to make rudimentary references to objects by using distinct cries when they
came across different kinds of food. Highly valued foods such as bread would elicit
high-pitched grunts, less appealing ones, such as an apple, got low-pitched grunts.
Zuberbuhler and Slocombe showed not only that chimps could make distinctions in the
way they vocalized about food, but that other chimps understood what they meant.
When played recordings of grunts that were produced for a specific food the chimps
looked in the place where that food was usually found. They also searched longer if
the cry had signalled a prized type of food.
Clearly animals do have greater talents for communication than we realized.
Humans are still special, but it is a far more graded, qualified kind of special than it used to be.
Choose the correct letter A, B, C or D
Question 11: What point does the writer make in the first paragraph?
A. We know more about language now than we used to.
B. We recognize the importance of talking about emotions.
C. We like to believe that language is a strictly human skill.
D. We have used tools for longer than some other species.
Question 12: According to the writer, what has changed our view of communication? Trang 5/12
A. analyzing different world languages
B. understanding that language involves a range of skills.
C. studying the different purposes of language
D. realizing that we can communicate without language
Question 13: The writer quotes the Cartmill and Byrne experiment because it shows
A. the similarities in the way humans and apes use gesture.
B. the abilities of apes to use gesture in different environments.
C. how food can be used to encourage ape gestures.
D. how hard humans find it to interpret ape gestures.
Question 14: In paragraph 7, the writer says that one type of dolphin sound is
A. used only when dolphins are in danger.
B. heard only at a particular time of day.
C. heard at a range of pitch levels.
D. used as a form of personal identification.
Question 15: Experiments at Edinburgh Zoo showed that chimps were able to
A. use grunts to ask humans for food.
B. use pitch changes to express meaning.
C. recognize human voices on a recording.
D. tell the difference between a false grunt and a real one.
Do the statements agree with the claims of the writer in the Reading Passage ? Write YES
if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer NO
if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer NOT GIVEN
if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
Question 16: It could be said that language begins with gesture.
Question 17: Ape gestures always consist of head or limb movements.
Question 18: Apes ensure that other apes are aware of their gesturing.
Question 19: Primate and human gestures share some key features.
Question 20: Cartoons present an amusing picture of animal communication.
PART III: Questions 21 - 30
Read the following passage and do the tasks below SIGNS OF LIFE A.
Half a century ago a radio astronomer called Frank Drake thought of a way to
calculate the likelihood of establishing contact with aliens. He suggested the following
figures should be multiplied: how many stars are formed in the galaxy in a year; what
fraction of these have planets and thus form solar systems; the average number of
planets per solar system that have the potential to support life; on what percentage of
those where it is possible to do such biospheres actually form; what percentage of such
biospheres give rise to intelligent species; what percentage of intelligent life is able to
transmit signals into space; and for how long such intelligence could keep sending signals. B.
This calculation became celebrated as the Drake equation – perhaps the best
attempt so far to tame a wild guess. Most of the terms remain hard to tie down,
although there is a consensus that about ten stars are formed per year in the galaxy.
Also, recent searches for extra solar planets have concluded that planets are not rare. C.
At the AAAS, Dr Drake reflected on his search for alien signals. One reason
this is hard is that radio telescopes must chop the spectrum into fine portions to study Trang 6/12
it, like turning into a signal on a car radio. Another is the trade-off between a
telescope’s field of view and its magnification. Small telescopes see a lot of sky but
can detect only strong signals. Large ones, which can detect weak signals, have a
narrow focus. Astronomers therefore have difficulty looking both carefully and comprehensively. D.
Dr Drake said there may be another difficulty. Researchers tend to look for
signals similar to those now made by humanity. The Earth, though, is getting quieter
because the rise of spread-spectrum communication makes stray emission less likely than in the past. E.
Spread-spectrum works by smearing a message across a wide range of
frequencies. That has the advantages of combating noise and allowing many signals to
be sent at once. But it also makes those signals hard for eavesdroppers to hear. If
technologically sophisticated aliens came to the same conclusions, and thus used
spread-spectrum technology, humans would have a hard time hearing them. Dr. Drake
suggests, therefore, that there might be only a narrow window of time in the
development of civilizations, analogous to the past 50 years on Earth, during which
noisy electromagnetic signals are generated in large amounts. It is, however, also
possible that someone is actively trying to send signals to the Earth. If that were the
case, the best way to do this, reckons Paul Horowitz, a physicist at Harvard, is with a laser. F.
Although radio power has changed little over the decades, the power of lasers
has grown exponentially. Today’s most powerful versions can shine ten thousand
times bigger than the sun, though only for a billionth of a second. If aliens have made
similar progress, and point a laser towards the Earth’s solar system, such brief flashes
would be detectable at a distance of many light-years. Dr. Horowitz has already set up
one suitable detector and this, because no huge magnification is involved, is capable of
looking at broad swathes of sky. G.
There is also potential for improvement on the radio side. For many years, the
Arecibo telescope in Puerto Rico, which is 300 metres across, has led the search for
alien life. Now the Chinese are building a 500-metre telescope, known as FAST, in
Guizhou province, and an international collaboration called the Square Kilometre
Array is trying, as its name suggests, to build a grid of radio-telescopes over a square
kilometer of land in either South Africa or Australia. Both may be helpful. As indeed
may a large new telescope in northern California built by Paul Allen, a co-founder of Microsoft. H.
May of the terms in the Drake equation are likely to remain elusive so it is still
impossible to predict how likely such efforts are to succeed. But even after 50 fruitless
years – if the eagerness in the eyes of Dr Drake and his colleagues is any guide – it
still is fun looking. It may be that the laws of physics absolutely preclude any
intelligent civilization from making physical contact with another one. Perhaps it
simply takes too long and cost too much to go anywhere, and perhaps there is no “warp drive” shortcut. Questions 21-25
The reading passage has eight paragraphs, A-H.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-H, 21-25 (You may use any letter more than once)
Question 21: the superiority of laser power
Question 22: the discussion of ways to send signals Trang 7/12
Question 23: the improvement of radio telescope
Question 24: the calculation for the possibility of intelligent life
Question 25: reasons why the search for alien signals is difficult
Questions 26-30: Complete the summary of the first four paragraphs above.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer
A well-known equation invented by Frank Drake, a radio astronomer, was used to
calculate the possibility of the human contact with (26) ______. The scientist came
up with a number of figures to suggest the situation in which potential intelligent life
might be able to (27) __________ into space. However, the job of searching for
alien signals is not easy at all. On one hand, (28) _________ must be split by the
radio telescope into delicate parts as for the humans to study it. On the other hand,
there is a contradiction between a telescope’s field of view and (29) __________.
Moreover, the difficulty may be complicated when researchers focus their attention
on (30) __________ made by both humans and other potential intelligent life. PART IV: Questions 31-40
The Reading Passage has seven sections, A-G.
Choose the correct headings for each section from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, i-x, in boxes 31-36 on your answer sheet. List of Headings i Looking for clues ii Blaming the beekeepers iii
Solutions to a more troublesome issue iv Discovering a new bee species v
An impossible task for any human vi
The preferred pollinator vii
Plant features designed to suit the pollinator viii
Some obvious and less obvious pollen carriers ix
The undesirable alternative x An unexpected setback 31. Section A 32. Section B Trang 8/12 33. Section C 34. Section D 35. Section E 36. Section F
For example: Section G : ix GOLD DUSTERS by Jenifer S. Holland
They are the Earth’s pollinators and they come in more than 200,000 shapes and sizes. A.
Row upon now, tomato plants stand in formation inside a greenhouse. To
reproduce, most flowering plants depend on a third party to transfer pollen between
their male and female parts. Some require extra encouragement to give up that golden
dust. The tomato flower, for example needs a violent shake, a vibration roughly
equivalent to 30 times the pull of Earth’s gravity, explains Arizona entomologist
Stephen Buchmann. Growers have tried numerous ways to rattle pollen from tomato
blossoms. They have used shaking tables, air blowers and blasts of sound. But natural means seems to work better. B.
It is no surprise that nature’s design works best. What’s astonishing is the array
of workers that do it: more than 200,000 individual animal species, by varying
strategies, help the world’s 240,000 species of flowering plants make more flowers.
Flies and beetles are the original pollinators, going back to when flowering plants first
appeared 130 million years ago. As for bees, scientists have identified some 20,000
distinct species so far. Hummingbirds, butterflies, moths, wasps and ants are also up to
the job. Even non-flying mammals do their part: sugar-loving opossums, some
rainforest monkeys, and lemurs in Madagascar, all with nimble hands that tear open
flower stalks and furry coats to which pollen sticks. Most surprising, some lizards,
such as geckos, lap up nectar and pollen and then transport the stuff on their faces and feet as they forage onward.
C. All that messy diversity, unfortunately, is not well suited to the monocrops and
mega-yields of modern commercial farmers. Before farms got so big, says
conservation biologist Claire Kremen of the University of California, Berkeley “ we
didn’t have to manage pollinators. They were all around because of the diverse
landscapes. Now you need to bring in an army to get pollination done.” The European
honeybee was first imported to the US some 400 years ago. Now at least a hundred
commercial crops rely almost entirely on managed honeybees, which beekeepers raise
and rent out to tend to big farms. And although other species of bees are five to ten
times more efficient, on a per-bee basis, at pollinating certain fruits, honeybees have
bigger colonies, cover longer distances, and tolerate management and movement better
than most insects. They are not picky- they’ll spend their time on almost any crop. It’s
tricky to calculate what their work is truly worth; some economists put it at more than $200 billion globally a year.
D. Industrial-scale farming; however, may be wearing down the system. Honeybees
have suffered diseases and parasite infestations for as long as they’ve been managed, Trang 9/12
but in 2006 came an extreme blow. Around the world, bees began to disappear over
the writer in massive numbers. Beekeepers would lift the lid of a hive and be amazed
to find only the queen and a few stragglers, the worker bees gone. In the US, a third to
half of all hives crashed; some beekeepers reported colony losses near 90 percent. The
mysterious culprit was named colony collapse disorder (CCD) and it remains an annual menace and an enigma.
E. When it first hit, many people, from agronomists to the public, assumed that our
slathering of chemicals on agricultural fields was to blame for the mystery. Indeed,
says Jeff Pettis of the USDA Bee Research Laboratory, “we do find more disease in
bees that have been exposed to pesticides, even at low levels.” But it is likely that
CCD involves multiple stressors. Poor nutrition and chemical exposure, for instance,
might wear down a bee’s immunities before a virus finishes the insect off. It’s hard to
tease apart factors and outcomes. Pettis says. New studies reveal that fungicides – not
previously thought toxic to bees – can interfere with microbes that break down pollen
in the insects’ guts, affecting nutrient absorption and thus long-term health and
longevity. Some findings pointed to viral and fungal pathogens working together. “I
only wish we had a single agent causing all the declines,” Pettis says, “that would make our work much easier.”
F. However, habitat loss and alteration, he says, are even more of a menace to
pollinators than pathogens. Claire Kremen encourages farmers to cultivate the flora
surrounding farmland to help solve habitat problems. “You can’t move the farm,” she
says, “but you can diversify what grows in its vicinity: along roads, even in tractor
yards.” Planting hedgerows and patches of native flowers that bloom at different times
and seeding fields with multiple plant species rather than monocrops “not only is
better for native pollinators, but it’s just better agriculture,” she says. Pesticide-free
wildflower havens, adds Buchmann, would also bolster populations of useful insects.
Fortunately, too, “there are far more generalists plants than specialist plants, so there’s
a lot of redundancy in pollination” Buchmann says, “Even if one pollinator drops out,
there are often pretty good surrogates left to do the job.” The key to keeping our
gardens growing strong, he says, is letting that diversity thrive.
G. Take away that variety, and we’ll lose more than honey. “We wouldn’t starve,”
says Kremen. “But what we eat, and even what we wear – pollinators, after all, give us
some of our cotton and flax – would be limited to crops whose pollen travels by other
means.” “In a sense,” she says, “our lives would be dictated by the wind.” It’s vital
that we give pollinators more of what they need and less of what they don’t, and ease
the burden on managed bees by letting native animals do their part, say scientists
(adapted from National Geographic Magazine) Questions 37-38
Complete the sentences below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer
Question 37: Both _________ were the first creatures to pollinate the world’s plants.
Question 38: Monkeys transport pollen on their _____________ Questions 39-40
Choose TWO letters, A-E. Which TWO methods of combating the problems caused
by CCD and habitat loss are mentioned in the article?
A. using more imported pest controllers
B. removing microbes from bees’ stomachs
C. cultivating a wide range of flowering plants Trang 10/12
D. increasing the size of many farms
E. placing less reliance on honeybees C. WRITING (6 POINTS)
PART I: (1.5 POINTS): Write 150 - 180 words
PART II: (3 POINTS): Write an essay of 300 - 350 words on the following topic:
Some people think that, in order to improve the quality of education, students should
be encouraged to evaluate and criticize their teachers. Others feel that this will result
in a loss of respect and discipline in the classroom.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. Trang 11/12 PART III: (1.5 POINTS)
Read the following extract and use your own words to summarize it. Your
summary should be about 80-100 words long. You MUST NOT copy the original
Once an individual starts smoking, stopping can be an extremely difficult task.
For the smoker attempting to quit, nicotine is the main obstacle. A natural component
of tobacco, nicotine has the same additive powers as heroin and cocaine. By inhaling
nicotine, which first enters the lungs, then is rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream
and passed throughout the circulatory system, the smoker gets an initial satisfaction
that triggers the desire for more nicotine. At this point the smoker has become
physically addicted to nicotine. The brain, now reliant to nicotine, will create an urge
to smoke which the smoker will find nearly impossible to control or resist.
Smokers who attempt to quit smoking will also experience a wide range of
withdrawal symptoms, including dizziness, insomnia, headaches, increase appetite and
fatigue. These symptoms begin only a few hours after a smoker’s last cigarette and
continue for weeks. Most smokers are unable to endure their withdrawal symptoms
and resume smoking after a period of time.
Even smokers who are able to withstand the physical addiction and the
withdrawal symptoms may find it difficult or impossible to quit smoking. Smoking is
also a psychological addiction and many smokers face years of temptation after the
initial physical symptoms lessen. Smokers deal with social and emotional symptoms of
nicotine withdrawal like depression and irritability. Even smokers who haven’t
smoked for decades complain that they are still tempted to smoke when they drink
alcohol, become nervous or socialize with smokers. (244 words) _______ HẾT_______
(Cán bộ coi thi không giải thích gì thêm) Trang 12/12