Kì thi chọn đội tuyển chính thức dự thi HSG quốc gia lớp 12 THPT tỉnh Phú Thọ NĂM HỌC 2020-2021 môn thi Tiếng Anh ngày 2

LISTENING (40 points) Part 1 (10 points).
You will hear part of a discussion in which two consultants, Abbie Dale and Ryan Richardson, are
talking about two different small businesses that have achieved success. For question 1-5, choose the
answer (A, B, C or D) which best fits according to what you hear.
Write your answers in the corresponding boxes
1. What does the company Ryan has chosen encourage its customers to do?
A. Buy every kit it produces
B. Create new designs and submit them
C. Personalise their online purchases
D. Tell others how good the products are
2. According to Abbie, the social clothing company’s customers ______.
A. like to draw attention to themselves
B. are willing to help in publicity campaigns
C. show creativity in the videos they send in
D. have become fiercely loyal to the brand
3. Ryan believes that the main difference between two companies is______.
A. the number of employees they have taken on
B. the way in which they have developed
C. the variety of problems they have to solve
D. the age range they cater for
4. What does Abbie find most astonishing about the company she talks about?
A. Its skill in collaborating with partners.
B. The owner’s ability to keep developments secret.
C. The fact that it has grown so fast.
D. The number of products it aims to launch.
5. According to Ryan, people who buy and assemble the electronic kits ______.
A. should start their own businesses
B. are surprised by their simplicity
C. find the experience rewarding
D. aren’t frightened of making mistakes Your answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Part 2 (10 points).
Listen to the recording about congestion charging scheme and decide whether the following
statements are true (T) or false (F). Write your answers in the corresponding boxes.
6. The congestion charging zone covers some places within London’s inner ring road.
7. There are road signs to signal the congestion charging zone.
8. All British and European car registration plates can be captured and realized by police’s computer.
9. All of the money from this scheme is spent on upgrading road systems.
10. Due to applying the charging zone, London’s public transport services are more effective. Your answer: 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Part 3 (20 points).
You will hear a financial expert called Alexandra Harrow talking about the influence of the mobile
phone on the way people transfer money on a radio show. For question 11-20, complete the Page 1/15
sentences with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.
M-Pesa is a way of effecting (11)______ and making purchases and payments using your mobile phone.
The head of the UK’s Department for International Development had a fund at his disposal to invest
in a project that would help improve access to (12)______.
Although some could afford to repay small loans, poor people of Africa were generally ignored by
the traditional banking system because their custom was not viewed as (13) ______ to worry about.
The idea for M-Pesa was inspired by how Africans had started using pre-paid mobile airtime as a
form of (14) ______ and a new way of making payments.
The system developed by the DfID and Vodafone was only intended to be used to repay (15)______.
People with relatives in (16) ______ found the new system very handy for making fund transfers back home from the big city.
In Kenya, M-Pesa shops now outnumber (17) ______ dramatically, which demonstrates the
significant influence the new payment system has had there.
Despite its success in parts of Africa, (18) ______ has really yet to start using mobile money at all.
Mobile money contributes to tackling (19) ______ in traditionally cash-driven economies, which is why it has become so popular.
Mobile money also helps to stop (20) ______ because it makes it very hard to hide payments and income. Your answer: 11. 16. 12. 17. 13. 18. 14. 19. 15. 20.
LEXICO-GRAMMAR (30 points)
Part 1 (20 points). Choose the word/phrase that best completes each of the following sentences.
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.
1. He ______ so much harm on the nation during his regime that it has never fully recovered. A. indicted B. inferred C. induced D. inflicted
2. Union leaders called for______ between themselves and the government. A. speeches
B. consultations C. debates D. elections
3. For many young people, driving cars at high speed seems to ______ a rather fatal fascination. A. contain B. comprise C. weave D. hold
4. On the news there was some dramatic ______ of the earthquake that had been captured by an amateur cameraman. A. shooting B. scenery C. footage D. clipping
5. I did not mean to offend her but she took my comments ______ and now will not talk to me. A. amiss B. awry C. apart D. aside
6. Serena is still ______ ignorant of the fact that she is about to be made redundant. A. blissfully B. decorously C. jubilantly D. ecstatically
7. I know budgets are tight, but where safety is concerned I don’t think we should cut ______. A. rounds B. ways C. corners D. lines
8. The flights are full at the moment, so you’ll have to ______.
A. run a stroke of luck B. get a better luck
C. be down on your luck D. take pot luck Page 2/15
9. Given the appalling weather conditions on the top of the mountain, I’d say the chances of their
finding any survivors are very ______indeed. A. narrow B. lean C. remote D. shallow
10. I’d say let’s meet on Saturday, but I’m none ______ sure what’s happening at the weekend. A. so B. very C. that D. too
11. The price of bread has just doubled, but with ______ inflation what can you expect? A. rampant B. profuse C. steadfast D. staunch
12.Some of the cattle were placed in quarantine for fear of the disease being ______. A. contractual B. congenital C. contagious D. contentious
13.The question of peace settlement is likely to figure ______ in the talks. A. prominently B. prolifically
C. proportionately D. properly
14. The collapse of the silver market left him financially ______. A. desolate B. dejected C. destitute D. derelict
15. What happened ______ their car broke down on the motorway so they didn’t get to Jo’s wedding on time. A. to be that B.being that C. was that D. to that
16. I wanted to talk, but she was determined to sweep the matter under the ______. A. cupboard B. table C. carpet D. bed
17. I had to get through a lot of ______tape, but I finally got the documents I needed. A. blue B. red C. pink D. yellow
18. Jack: This medicine tastes horrible! ~ Jill: ______, it will cure your cough.
A. Be that as it may
B. Come what may
C. How much horrible is it D. Whatever it tastes
19. I’d give up my job ______ if only I could find a better one. A. at one swoop
B. at the drop of a hat C. on the dot
D. on the spur of the moment
20. Oil spills will ______ even the healthiest of marine ecosystem.
A. play havoc on B. break ground with
C. pay the consequences for D. take their toll on Your answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
Part 2 (10 points). Use the word given in brackets to form a word that fits in the space to complete
the passage. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.
In January 2001, the (1. govern)______ Panel Climate Change (IPCC) issued its latest report on
climate change. Climate models worked out by giant super-computers had become far more reliable
since the previous report in 1995 and allowed them to (2. praise)______ the earlier projections for
global warming. Their conclusions were that something very serious is happening and that it cannot be
a natural process. The 1990s was the hottest decade for 1,000 years and the Earth is warming faster than
at any time in the last 10,000 years. According to the report, human activities are (3. equivocate)_____
to blame for the temperature rise. The burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide and, due to
deforestation, there are fewer trees to absorb this gas and recycle back into oxygen. Methane
(4.concentrate)______ have also gone up dramatically because of increases in rice culture and
(5.cattle)______, both of which generate methane from (6. compose) ______ vegetation. These
greenhouses gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere and cause the temperature to rise. In the worst Page 3/15
case, the resulting melting of ice-caps and glaciers would cause sea levels to rise by up to 88 cm,
endangering the homes and (7. lively) ______ of tens of millions of people who live in low-lying regions.
Unfortunately, there is far greater (8. unanimous) ______ among the world’s scientists over the
issue than among politicians. As long as 1990, the IPCC recommended a 60 % reduction in carbon
dioxide (9. emit) ______, as the basic level required to return the planet’s climate to a healthy level.
Governments globally failed to (10. act) ______ these proposals. Now that the dangers have been
reaffirmed by the latest report, it is high time that governments took an active interest in exploring
alternative, renewable energy sources. Your answer: 1. 6. 2. 7. 3. 8. 4. 9. 5. 10. READING (75 points)
Part 1 (16 points). Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word. Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes. Apathy or ignorance?
Kande Beach is located on the western shore of Lake Malawi, one of Africa’s Great Lakes. It is an
idyllic location with guaranteed sunshine for much of the year (1) ______ than the rainy season, so it is
hardly surprising that the resort there is much in (2) ______ with tourists.
Many go to enjoy the multitude of activities on (3) ______, such as scuba diving and horse riding.
Yet (4) ______ simply want to lounge about relaxing on the shore, taking the odd dip to cool down now and then.
Yet few tourists seem to appreciate the fact that on the very doorstep of their little paradise – at the
edge of their bubble, if you will – lies the evidence in microcosm of a desperately impoverished country.
Kapeti Village, for example, is but a stone’s (5) ______ from the resort. Here, according to local
leaders, the prevalence of one particular very serious incurable illness is alarming at more than 33%. In
other words, fewer than two (6)______ three people are free of disease. However, that incurable disease
is far from the only problem, with malaria, cholera and other serious illnesses also wreaking havoc.
But is the general apathy amongst tourists a sign that they care less? Well, it would seem not. Whilst
it may be a tall order to burst their bubble and remove the illusion of paradise found, efforts to do so are
not entirely in (7) ______. According to locals running village tours, it isn’t (8) ______ they see the
extent of deprivation for themselves that tourists begin to appreciate the problem. Then and only then
do they begin to open their eyes, but at least it’s a start. Your answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Part 2 (14 points).
You are going to read an extract from an article. Seven paragraphs have been removed from the
extract. Choose from the paragraphs A-H the one that fits each gap (1-7). There is one extra
paragraph which you do not need to use. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. SMALL SHOT, BIG IMPACT Page 4/15
Some vaccines appear to provide extra benefits. Michael Brooke looks at them from a new perspective.
Have a look at your left shoulder: if you are past your mid-twenties it almost certainly bears a
circular scar. Do you remember how it got there? You queued up in the school hall, perhaps, or outside
the nurse’s office, watching your friends rubbing their arms as they walked away, relieved at having survived their jab. 1.
There is growing evidence that vaccines have a wider-ranging influence on the immune system than we
thought. In Africa, for instance, studies have shown that the measles vaccine cuts deaths from all other
infections combined by a third, mainly by protecting against pneumonia, sepsis and diarrhea. 2.
The World Health Organization, which is the main provider of vaccines in developing countries, has
asked a group of vaccine experts to get to the bottom of it. “This could have huge implications for
healthcare,” says Christine Benn, a senior researcher at the Statens Serum Institute in Denmark and a
member of the WHO committee. “Vaccines have been a fantastic success, but we can probably do
much better by taking non-specific effects into account. An examination if these issues is long overdue.” 3.
In the 1940s and 50s, trials in the US and UK suggested that BCG-vaccinated children had a 25 per cent
lower death rate from diseases other than TB. But nobody took much notice until the late 1970s, when a
Danish anthropologist called Peter Aaby began working in the West African state of Guinea-Bissau. In
1979, he witnessed a severe measles outbreak that killed 1 in 4 infants affected. Aaby arranged for
measles vaccinations to be introduced, but was surprised to see that even after the epidemic abated,
immunized children were more likely to survive childhood. 4.
According to the old view of vaccines, they work by priming what is known as our adaptive immune
system. This consists of various defence cells circulating in the blood which make antibodies and other
molecules that latch on to specific foreign proteins on bacteria, viruses or other germs. 5.
But that may not be the whole story. Another, evolutionary older branch of our defences, known as the
innate immune system, might also be playing a role. These cells are programmed to react to anything
unfamiliar or untoward, such as the chemicals released when tissues are damaged, attacking any
molecules or microorganisms that might pose a threat. Last year, surprising evidence emerged that
BCG stimulates the innate immune system as well as the adaptive one. 6.
The discovery may be only one part of the explanation for BCG’s mysterious powers, though. Another
part could be related to recent findings concerning the ability of memory cells to target unrelated
microbes if there is sufficient cross-reactivity with a germ we have previously vanquished. 7.
Whatever the explanation is, we might be able to maximize the benefits, either by designing new
vaccines, or by augmenting the effects of existing ones. But the WHO committee has another line of
enquiry. There are suggestions that one vaccine could have harmful non-specific effects. The vaccine
under suspicion is DTP, which prevents diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis, otherwise known as whooping cough.
LIST OF MISSING PARAGRAPHS:
A. It is this lock and key mechanism that is responsible for our immune memory. On our first encounter
with the measles virus, say, the immune cells that make potent antibodies to it reproduce, giving rise to
successive generations of daughter cells that make progressively more powerful antibodies. The end Page 5/15
product is highly proficient measles-killing machines that linger in our bodies for years. That’s why, if
we re-encounter the virus, it is defeated so quickly that we don’t even notice.
B. The latest thinking is that allergies are caused by an imbalance in type 1 and 2 helper T-cells, with
type 2 becoming too dominant. Allergies may be on the rise in the West because we no longer meet
enough germs in childhood to strengthen the type 1 arm, according to the “hygiene hypothesis”. If BCG
does push the balance back to type 1, that could be why it reduces allergies.
C. Even in the West, where it is far less common for children to die from infectious illnesses, there are
still surprising benefits: some vaccines seem to reduce our susceptibility to eczema and asthma. Exactly
what causes these “non-specific effects”, as they are termed, is a mystery. But some scientists are
arguing that, despite the uncertainties, it is time to start harnessing them more effectively.
D. The Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination was given to provide protection from tuberculosis. What
we are only just realising is that, in common with several other vaccines, it may have done far more than that.
E. But the theory that probably has the most compelling evidence behind it concerns two competing
arms of the adaptive immune system, known as type 1 and type 2 helper T-cells. Broadly speaking, type
1 cells promote immune reactions against bacteria and viruses, while type 2 cells are geared towards
fighting off parasitic worms in the gut. Both the BCG and the measles vaccine seem to tip the balance
to type 1, according to studies of the antibodies released into the bloodstream after vaccination.
F. What could the explanation be? Several lines of evidence suggest that our immune systems can be
affected by many factors, including past encounters with microbes. Those microbes can be in the
environment or a vaccine syringe. “If infections can alter the immunological milieu, it is not a major
leap forward to suggest that vaccines might also do so,” said Andrew Pollard, head of the Oxford
Vaccine Centre at Oxford University, in an editorial about the Dane’s work.
G. In people who received a shot, certain kinds of innate immune cells responded more strongly to
bacterial and fungal pathogens completely unrelated to the TB bug. This is the first indication that the
innate immune system reacts to vaccines, and the researchers suggested it could explain some of the
general immune-boosting effects of BCG. “It’s quite preliminary data, but it’s very important,” says
Nigel Curtis, head of infectious diseases at the Royal Children’s Hospital in Melbourne, Australia.
H. Considering vaccines have been used since the 1800s and are the cornerstone of our public health
system, it may seem hard to believe that such profound effects could have gone ignored all this time. In
fact, an early 20th century Swedish physician called Carl Naslund did notice something was up after the
BCG vaccine was introduced in his country. Vaccinated children had a much higher chance of reaching
their first birthday even though TB normally kills older children. Your answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Part 3 (15 points). Read the passages and do the tasks that follow.
The Final Frontier for Tourism
A. For some reason humankind has always looked towards the stars and dreamt of one day making the
voyage into the unknown and exploring the outer space. Perhaps it is our innate curiosity, perhaps
the challenge presented by the seemingly impossible; whatever the lure, the quest to venture into
space has become an obsession for many.
B. On a memorable July day in 1969 one man made a giant leap for his kind. Neil Armstrong touched
down on the moon as the world watched with bated breath. Was this a beginning or the culmination
of years of endeavor that pushed science to its very limits? Well, it has been a long time indeed
since the last moon landing, more than 40 years, but science has not stood still in the interim, nor
have our dreams become any less ambitious. According to NASA, plans are afoot for a manned
mission to Mars at some point after 2020. A return to the Moon has been scheduled sooner – Page 6/15
perhaps 2018 if NASA’s new Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) is rolled out on time. It may not be
Hollywood razzle-dazzle-style progress; it may even be painstakingly slow, but rest assured that
plans are afoot for something very ambitious and special indeed, and NASA may be back in the
headlines making waves and history again, just as it did on that faithful day in 1969, in the not-too- distant future.
C. That said, it is the prospect of space tourism for the masses that has captured the headlines recently,
and this may not be such a distant dream as people would expect. In 2001, an American
multimillionaire, Dennis Tito, became the first space tourist, spending ten days on the International
Space Station along with his crew of Russian cosmonauts, and fulfilling a lifelong ambition in the
process. He described the experience rather than paradoxically as “indescribable”; everything that
he thought it would be and more. A year later, South African millionaire Mark Shuttleworth
followed his footsteps. On his return to Earth he said, “every second will be with me for the rest of
my life”. Clearly these men had a once-in-a-lifetime experience, but this came at a hefty price, both
paying $20 million for the pleasure of their space adventures.
D. At present, space tourism is undoubtedly reserved for an elite and wealthy few, but what of the
future? If Eric Anderson, president of Space Adventures, the company that organised Tito and
Shuttleworth’s trips, is to be believed, it will be the next big thing. “Everyone’s looking for a new
experience”, he says. Indeed, Space Adventures is planning to offer rocket trips to the public for
$100,000 within the next few years, so perhaps space tourism is closer than we think. Another
company, The Space Island Group, is planning to build a space hotel inspired by the spaceship in
the film 2001: A Space Odyssey. Gene Meyers, the company’s president, predicts that in 2020 a
five-day holiday at the hotel will cost less than $25,000. Imagine, he says, a five-star hotel with all
the usual luxuries, except that each morning you’ll be greeted by mind-blowing views of outer
space. This is certainly food for thought for adventure-seeking holiday planners. That said, unless
there is a serious spike in inflation between now and 2020, $25,000 will still remain a considerable
sum of money to have to part with for a recreational activity, one-in-a-lifetime or not. But that is
perhaps missing the point – the prospect of affordable space travel is getting closer and closer and
it is only a matter of time before it becomes a reality.
E. Other companies have even more ambitious plans. Bigelow Aerospace is spending close to $500
million on a project to build a 700-metre spaceship to fly tourists to the moon. The spaceship will
be able to hold 100 guests, each with a private room offering truly unique views of the Earth’s
sunset. Even the Hilton Hotel Group wants to get in on the act with talk of plans to build a Hilton
on the moon. For the present, only millionaires can enjoy the privilege of a space journey, but in
the words of one Bob Dylan, “The times they are a changing.” And sooner than you’d think.
Questions 1–5. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph A–E from the list of headings below
(i-viii). There are more headings than paragraphs. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. List of headings i. Not worth the cost ii.
Space travel: past, present and future 1. Paragraph A iii. Russian innovations 2. Paragraph B iv. A profitable investment 3. Paragraph C v. The future of tourism 4. Paragraph D
vi. Insatiable desire for adventure 5. Paragraph E vii. The first space tourists viii. Moon hotels Your answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Page 7/15
Questions 6–10. Write True (T), False (F), or Not Given (NG) according to the information given in
the reading passage. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.
6. Bigelow Aerospace’s spaceship will offer unique views of the Moon’s sunset.
7. The Hilton Hotel Group has ambitious plans to organise cheap space journey.
8. NASA plans to launch a mission to Mars, but first it is hoping to return to the moon.
9. At the moment, space tourism is too expensive for ordinary people, only the very rich can travel to space.
10. Eric Anderson believes space tourism will be popular in the near future. Your answer: 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Part 4 (15 points).
Read the following passage and choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) according to the text. Write
your answers (A, B, C or D) in the corresponding numbered boxes.
Language diversity has always been part of the national demographic landscape of the United States.
At the time of the first census in 1790, about 25% of the population spoke languages other than English
(Lepore, 2002). Thus, there was a diverse pool of native speakers of other languages at the time of the
founding of the republic. Today, nationwide, school districts have reported more than 400 languages
spoken by language-minority students classified as limited English proficient (LEP) students (Kindler,
2002). Between 1991 and 2002, total K-12 student enrollment rose only 12%, whereas LEP student
enrollment increased 95% during this same time period (National Clearinghouse for English Language
Acquisition, 2002b). This rapid increase and changing demographics has intensified the long debate
over the best way to educate language-minority students.
Historically, many groups attempted to maintain their native languages even as they learned English,
and for a time, some were able to do so with relatively little resistance until a wave of xenophobia
swept the country during World War 1 (Kloss, 1977/1998). Other groups, Africans, and Native
Americans encountered repressive politics much earlier. During the 1960s, a more tolerant policy
climate emerged. However, for the past two decades there has been a steady undertow of resistance to
bilingualism and bilingual education. This article provides historical background and analyzes
contemporary trends in language-minority education within the context of the recent national push for
accountability, which typically takes the form of high-stakes testing.
The origins of persistent themes regarding the popular antagonisms toward bilingual education and
the prescribed panaceas of "English immersion" and high-stakes testing in English need to be
scrutinized. As background to the contemporary context, we briefly discuss the history of language
politics in the United States and the ideological underpinnings of the dominant monolingual English
ideology. We analyze the recent attacks on bilingual education for what this attack represents for
educational policy within a multilingual society such as the United States. We emphasize
multilingualism because most discussions of language policy are framed as if monolingualism were part
of our heritage from which we are now drifting. Framing the language policy issues in this way masks
both the historical and contemporary reality and positions non-English language diversity as an
abnormality that must be cured. Contrary to the steady flow of disinformation, we begin with the
premise that even as English has historically been the dominant language in the United States since the
colonial era, language diversity has always been a fact of life. Thus, efforts to deny that reality
represent a "malady of mind" (Blaut, 1993) that has resulted in either restrictionist or repressive
language policies for minorities.
As more states ponder imposing restrictions on languages of instruction other than English-as
California, Arizona, and Massachusetts have recently done-it is useful to highlight several questions
related to the history of language politics and language planning in the United States. Educational
language planning is frequently portrayed as an attempt to solve the language problems of the minority. Page 8/15
Nevertheless, the historical record indicates that schools have generally failed to meet the needs of
language-minority students (Deschenes, Cuban, & Tyack, 2001) and that the endeavor to plan language
behavior by forcing a rapid shift to English has often been a source of language problems that has
resulted in the denial of language rights and hindered linguistic access to educational, social, economic,
and political benefits even as the promoters of English immersion claim the opposite.
The dominance of English was established under the British during the colonial period, not by
official decree but through language status achievement, that is, through "the legitimization of a
government's decisions regarding acceptable language for those who are to carry out the political,
economic, and social affairs of the political process" (Heath, 1976, p.51). English achieved dominance
as a result of the political and socioeconomic trade between England and colonial administrators,
colonists, and traders. Other languages coexisted with English in the colonies with notable exceptions.
Enslaved Africans were prohibited from using their native tongues for fear that it would facilitate
resistance or rebellion. From the 1740s forward, southern colonies simultaneously institutionalized
"compulsory ignorance" laws that prohibited those enslaved from acquiring English literacy for
similar reasons. These restrictive slave codes were carried forward as the former southern colonies
became states of the newly United States and remained in force until the end of the Civil War in 1865
(Weinberg, 1977/1995). Thus, the very first formal language policies were restrictive with the explicit
purpose of promoting social control.
1. What is the primary purpose of including the statistic from the 1790 census in the introductory paragraph?
A. To explain how colonizing the US eradicated language diversity.
B. To show concrete evidence that language diversity in the US is not a new phenomenon.
C. To note that before that time, there was no measure of language diversity in the US.
D. To demonstrate that census data can be inaccurate.
2. The article compares two sets of statistics from the years 1991-2002, increases in K-12 enrollment
and increases in LEP students, to highlight______.
A. that the two numbers, while often cited in research, are insignificant
B. that while many people with school-age children immigrated to the US during this time, an equal
amount left the country as well
C. that language diversity had no impact on US student enrollment during this time
D. that while the total amount of students enrolled in US schools may have grown slowly, the
amount of those students who were LEP increased dramatically
3. According to the second paragraph, many groups maintained their native languages without
resistance into the 20th century EXCEPT__________.
A. Native Americans and African Americans
B. Irish Americans and African Americans
C. Mexican Americans and Native Americas
D. Native Americans and Dutch Americans
4. Why is the word "undertow" emphasized in the second paragraph?
A. To explain how certain groups continued to carry their native languages with them despite the
opposition from those against language diversity.
B. To show the secretive and sneaky nature of those opposed to language diversity.
C. To call attention to the ebb and flow of language resistance during the 20th century, experiencing
periods of both rest and extremism.
D. To explain that, while many groups tried to maintain their native languages, many gave in to
social and political pressure to use only English.
5. What is the best way to describe the function of the third paragraph in this excerpt?
A. The paragraph provides its primary thesis as well an outline of the article's main points.
B. The paragraph is an unnecessary and irrelevant inclusion.
C. The paragraph serves to reveal the conclusions of the article before detailing the data. Page 9/15
D. The paragraph firmly establishes the article's stance against language diversity.
6. What is the best summary of why the phrase "multilingualism" is emphasized in the third paragraph?
A. Language repression stems from the US's unwillingness to recognize the languages of its foreign allies.
B. Because language is constantly changing and often goes through multiple phases over time.
C. The authors firmly believe that speaking more than one language gives students a substantial
benefit in higher education.
D. Language policy discussions often assumes that the US has a monolinguistic history, which is
untrue and poses language diversity as threatening.
7. Phrases such as "prescribed panaceas" and "malady of the mind" are used in the third paragraph to______.
A. defend the point that the US must standardize its language education or there will be severe results
B. point out that language is as much a physical process as an intellectual one
C. illustrate how certain opponents of language diversity equate multilingual education with a kind of national disease
D. demonstrate how the stress of learning multiple languages can make students ill
8. According to the fourth paragraph, all of the following are potential negatives of rapid English
immersion EXCEPT__________.
A. it can lead to a denial of language rights for particular groups
B. students become more familiar with conversational expressions and dialect
C. it can prevent access to certain benefits that are always available to fluent speakers
D. it can promote feelings of alienation among groups that are already in a minority status
9. The best alternate definition of "language status achievement" is __________.
A. when enough scholarly work has been produced in a language, it is officially recognized
B. those who are in power socially and economically determine the status of a language
C. languages fall into a hierarchy depending upon the numbers of populations that speak them
D. the position of a language in which no others may coexist with it
10. From the context of the final paragraph, what does "compulsory ignorance" mean?
A. Populations at the time were required only to obtain a certain low level of education.
B. Slave populations were compelled to only speak in their native languages and not learn English.
C. That slaves were forcibly prevented from developing their native language skills out of fear that they would gain power.
D. Slave owners would not punish slaves who did not wish to learn and speak only English. Your answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Part 5 (15 points).
You are going to read an article about the effects of tourism on local people. Choose from the people
(A–E). The people (A-E) may be chosen more than once. LIVING WITH TOURISM
Five people describe how tourism has affected their home town.
A. Leonor Sousa
It can’t be denied that tourism has attracted investment, which has certainly raised living standards here,
but the cost in other respects has been extremely high. Take the effect on the environment, for instance.
When my parents were young this used to be an area of fields and woods, but now everything is
covered in concrete. The tourists themselves aren’t responsible for this; it’s the construction companies, Page 10/15
property developers and estate agents who are to blame because they’re the ones making all the money.
They’re all based in the big cities and bring in their own people, so they hardly create any employment at all for local residents. B. Yusuf Demir
When I was growing up in my home town there was a path I used to walk along to go to school, and
last summer I went to see if it was still there. It was, but the view from it had changed completely. Now
there is a vast shopping mall, with a cinema and cafés alongside. I don’t actually mind that, because it
means there are lots more things to do, and I also like the fact that it has a really international
atmosphere. It’s good for local people to meet visitors from other parts of the world, try new kinds of
food and hear about different ways of living. C. Matt Walker
Tourism has changed this town so much, even in the years since I was at junior school. In those days,
there was a football pitch near the harbour where we would kick a ball around, but it’s gone now, which
is a pity. In the harbour itself luxury yachts owned by people from richer parts of the country have
replaced the fishing boats, to the extent that there is now no sign of what used to be the main source of
income and employment locally. In the evenings, the town is certainly a lot livelier, but sometimes
people start doing things they would never think of doing back in their own home towns, and then the police have to be called. D. Trisha Chandra
I was just a child when tourism first took off here, and those incredibly ugly houses were built for
summer visitors. The residents really should have protested about that. It was all the fault of the town
council, who only ever thought in the short term and seemed to give planning permission to anyone
who applied to build anything. Nowadays, there’s talk of ecological tourism, but that’s just a way of
making people feel less guilty about the harm they are doing by making a few insignificant changes,
such as re-using towels in their hotel rooms. E. Daniela Navarro
I know some of the new hotels and holiday apartment blocks are unattractive, and that the bars,
restaurants and nightclubs that cater for tourists have changed the nature of the town, but without them,
unemployment – particularly among the young – would be far worse than it currently is. That, though,
is as far as the economic benefits to the town go, as the only ones making any real money out of all this
are the big tour operators and the owners of hotel chains, none of whom are actually based in this
country. Also, very few tourists learn our language. I know it must be difficult for them because most of
them are quite old, but it means there’s little communication between us and them. Which person ______
1. misses a place they used to go to as a child?
2. states that tourism provides a considerable number of jobs for local people?
3. wishes local people had opposed the construction of certain holiday homes?
4. claims that tourism has destroyed a traditional industry?
5. blames the tourist industry for spoiling the local countryside?
6. feels that the presence of people from other cultures benefits the local community?
7. criticises the behaviour of tourists in their town?
8. says the town is wealthier than it was before it became a tourist resort?
9. believes that most of the profits from the local tourist industry go abroad?
10. is not convinced that so-called green tourism actually benefits the environment? Your answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Page 11/15 WRITING (55 points)
Part 1 (10 points). Read the following extract and use your own words to summarize it. Your
summary should be about 120 - 140 words long. You MUST NOT copy the original.
Finland’s education system is head and shoulders above most of the world’s, but why? On one
level, it is simple: teachers there are held in the highest esteem and entrusted to make decisions in the
best interests of pupils, which they appear invariably to do. They also go the extra mile and tailor-make
lessons. The respect they are afforded in return, perhaps, stems from an awareness of the stiff
qualification standards teachers are set; they come from the top 10% of graduates, educated to Master’s
level. Finland, then, attracts some of its best human capital into teaching, but whether its success can all
simply be attributed to the calibre of staff is open to debate. There is more to this formula than meets the eye.
The size of schools is no minor factor in the education system’s success either, for many are
very small, and this allows teachers to devote more attention to pupils. Even the best teachers, after all,
are not magicians, and they cannot wave a magic wand and ensure that all pupils fulfil their potential. It
takes effort and devotion on a micro scale, and this can only be achieved in a conducive environment.
In a world of rising pupil-teacher ratios, that Finland bucks this trend must surely play a pivotal role in
its education system’s success. However, demographics and the country’s unique geography, with
many small areas of habitation dotted across the landscape, predetermine to some extent, class sizes, so
for this the government cannot monopolise credit; it is as much down to circumstance. Nonetheless, the
figures make for impressive reading, with nearly thirty percent of Finnish children receiving some form
of special attention in their educational development before the age of nine.
The reinvention of education on a more macro scale, though, was very deliberate indeed, and it
began in Finland over four decades ago as a key part of the country’s economic recovery plan. Success
was not by any means instantaneous, though, and educators deserve much credit for sticking to their
principles in the early years of the transformation despite this, when, so often programmes conceived
with the best of intentions are abandoned prematurely. Really, it was not until 2000 that confirmation
and validation would arrive, but they did so in eye-raising fashion. This marked the first year of results
being issued from the Programme for the International Student Assessment, a standardised test
delivered to 15-year-olds in 40 different countries. Finland’s youths came way out on top in terms of literacy.
More intriguingly, competition does not form any part of education philosophy. Neither are the
decision-makers political; although Finnish schools are publicly funded and it is a state-driven
education system, politicians and business people are precluded from interfering. Nor are schools vying
for the best teacher candidates; irrespective of location, they have an equal shot of getting top
graduates, with all drawing from the same pool of resources in this respect. Furthermore, in the absence
of the competition, only national goals count, so there is no elite list of schools parents dream of
sending their children to; every child, whether schooled in a rural or urban environment, is afforded the
same standard of education. It is, therefore, arguably, one of the most equitable systems in the world.
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Part 2 (15 points). Graph description
The figure shows demographic trends in Scotland. Summarise the information by selecting and
reporting the main features. You should write about 150 words.
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Part 3 (30 points). Essay writing
Write an essay of about 350 words to express your opinion on the following topic:
“Countries are becoming more and more similar because people are able to buy the same products anywhere in the world”.
Do you think this is a positive or negative development?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
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