Kì thi chọn đội tuyển chính thức dự thi HSG quốc gia lớp 12 THPT tỉnh Gia Lai năm học 2019-2020 môn thi Tiếng Anh
Kì thi chọn đội tuyển chính thức dự thi HSG quốc gia lớp 12 THPT tỉnh Gia Lai năm học 2019-2020 môn thi Tiếng Anh giúp các bạn học sinh sắp tham gia các kì thi Tiếng Anh tham khảo, học tập và ôn tập kiến thức, bài tập và đạt kết quả cao trong kỳ thi sắp tới. Mời bạn đọc đón xem!
Môn: Đề thi chọn học sinh giỏi Tiếng Anh lớp 12 THPT & đội tuyển dự thi học sinh giỏi Quốc gia THPT
Trường: Đề thi chọn HSG Tiếng Anh từ lớp 9 đến lớp 12 cấp trường, quận/ huyện, tỉnh/ thành phố
Thông tin:
Tác giả:
Thông tin :
Môn:
Đề thi chọn học sinh giỏi Tiếng Anh lớp 12 THPT & đội tuyển dự thi học sinh giỏi Quốc gia THPT
Trường:
Đề thi chọn HSG Tiếng Anh từ lớp 9 đến lớp 12 cấp trường, quận/ huyện, tỉnh/ thành phố
Tác giả:
Tài liệu liên quan:
Preview text:
SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO GIA LAI ĐỀ CHÍNH THỨC (Đề thi có 12 trang) | KỲ THI CHỌN HỌC SINH GIỎI CẤP TỈNH LỚP 12-THPT NĂM HỌC 2019– 2020 Môn thi: TIẾNG ANH - BẢNG A Ngày thi: 18/10/2019 Thời gian làm bài: 180 phút (không kể thời gian giao đề) |
Lưu ý: Thí sinh không được ghi bất kỳ thông tin gì vào phần phách này.
Thí sinh làm bài trên đề thi này (Hãy đọc kỹ các phần hướng dẫn làm bài).
Điểm bài thi Bằng số: …………… Bằng chữ: …………. | Họ tên và chữ kí giám khảo GK1:…………………………………. GK2: ………………………………… | Số phách |
__________________________________________________________________________________________
I. LISTENING (5 points)
HƯỚNG DẪN PHẦN THI NGHE HIỂU
- Bài nghe gồm 4 phần ; mỗi phần được nghe 2 lần, giữa 2 lần nghe cách nhau 10 giây ; mở đầu và kết thúc mỗi phần nghe có tín hiệu. (tiếng bíp)
- Mọi hướng dẫn cho thí sinh (bằng tiếng Anh) đã có trong bài nghe.
- Thí sinh KHÔNG được viết bằng BÚT CHÌ.
Part 1: You are going to hear a conversation about an accident. For questions 1-5, decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
True | False | |
1. The accident happened during the holidays. | ||
2. His initial assessment of the injury was optimistic. | ||
3. He had to have several stitches the following day. | ||
4. They both remember the news stories about the very strong winds. | ||
5. The speaker hit his chin against the side of a car. |
Your answers:
1. | 2. | 3. | 4. | 5. |
Part 2: For questions 6 -10, listen to a talk on a special type of tourism and answer the following questions in the form of notes ( WRITE NO MORE THAN FIVE WORDS FOR EACH ANSWER )
SLUM TOURISM
6. Name one of the three cities taken as examples of popular slum tourism sites:
_________________________________________________________________________
7. What is one of the motivation for tourists to go on slum tours?
_________________________________________________________________________
8. What destination that Marcello Armstrong took tourists to in Rio?
__________________________________________________________________________
9. Name one thing that slum tourists often do while stopping during their trip:
___________________________________________________________________________
10. What does “poorism” help people from developed countries understand?
____________________________________________________________________________
Part 3: You will hear part of a radio program about how offices may be designed to suit different types of workers in the future. For questions 11-20, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase (NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS FOR EACH ANSWER ).
What’s called the (11) _________________________office is given as an example of (12) _________________________ that hasn’t come true. Francis Duffy, an (13) _________________________by profession, identifies four types of office. Duffy gives the name “The Hive” to the type of office where work of a (14) _________________________ nature is carried out.
“The Cell” is a type of office which suits people whose work requires (15) _________________________. Duffy thinks that autonomous people such as (16) _________________________ and (17) _________________________ work well in a cell office. The type of office which Duffy calls “The Den” was designed to make interaction such as (18) _________________________ easier. Duffy sees people involved in professions like (19) _________________________ and the media working well in a Den office. Duffy says “The Club” is the type of office which would suit people doing what he calls (20) _________________________.
Your answers:
11. | 12. | 13. | 14. | 15. |
16. | 17. | 18. | 19. | 20. |
Part 4: You will hear an interview with Dr Lafford, a leading expert in the field of forensic science. For questions 21 -25, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided
21. According to Dr Lafford, Sherlock Holmes was a good forensic scientist because of his ___________________.
A. psychological insight B. unbiased approach
C. detailed observations D. medical knowledge
22. Forensic scientists pay particular attention to___________________.
A. evidence of mutual contact B. items criminals have touched
C. a suspect’s clothing D. carpet fibres and human hair
23. Dr Lafford mentions the broken headlight to show that forensic science nowadays is ___________________.
A. more complex than it used to be B. just as reliable as it was in the past
C. not as time-consuming as it once was D. more straightforward than it was in the past
24. According to Dr Lafford, electron microscopes can ___________________.
A. produce conflicting results B. sometimes damage evidence
C. provide a chemical analysis D. guarantee total accuracy
25. Dr Lafford feels that the value of forensic science lies in ___________________.
A. how its significance to a case is explained B. the use of advanced genetic fingerprinting
C. the possibility of eliminating human error D. reducing the number of possible suspects
Your answers:
21. | 22. | 23. | 24. | 25. |
II. LEXICAL - GRAMMAR (2 points)
Part 1: For questions 26-35, choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) to each of the following sentences and write your answer in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
26. Seeing those pictures on the TV news really __________to me how terrible it must be to live near a volcano.
A. turns a new leaf B. takes it easy C. rings a bell D. brings it home
27. It is difficult to know whether Janet needs help as she always __________her troubles..
A. makes light of B. makes good C. makes the most of D. makes a go at
28. The problem with losing weight is that, if you succeed, all your clothes need to be__________.
A. cut down B. taken in C. made down D. let down
29. Advertisers need to know where to __________the line when young children are concerned.
A. draw B. take C. perform D. put
30. Tom didn’t know anything about business, so starting his own was __________.
A. pure and simple B. a leaf into the clouds C. a breakthrough D. a leaf in the dark
31. I really must take __________with what you just said because I think it’s very wrong.
A. heart B. part C. difference D. issue
32. They were planning, __________to Hilary, to throw a surprise party for her.
A. unaware B. unbeknown C. oblivious D. unknown
33. This evidence should prove __________ that he was telling the truth.
A. once and for all B. now and then C. over and above D. from time to time
34. John said he was dubious __________the chances of getting a pay rise.
A. about B. of C. on D. to
35. In any debate, the first to speak should __________the gauntlet, and thus set the tone to follow.
A. take up B. run on C. throw down D. start up
Your answers:
26. | 27. | 28 | 29. | 30. |
31. | 32. | 33. | 34. | 35. |
Part 2: Read the text below. For questions 36 -45, give the correct forms of the words in CAPITALS. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided
The Desire to Know Curiosity goes back to the dawn of human (0) EXISTENCE. This irrepressible desire to know is not a (36) _________________of inanimate objects. Nor does it seem to be attributable to some forms of living organism which; for that very reason, we can scarcely bring ourselves to consider alive. A tree, for example, does not display (37) _________________curiosity, nor does a sponge or even an oyster, if chance events bring them poison, predators or parasites, they die as (38) _________________ as they lived. Early in the scheme of life, (39) _________________ motion was developed by some organisms. It meant an (40) _________________ advance in their control of the environment. A moving organism no longer waited in stolid (41) _________________ for food to come its way, but went out after it.The individual that hesitated in the (42) _________________ search for food, or that was overly (43) _________________ in its investigation, starved. As organisms grew more complex, more messages of greater variety were received from and about the (44) _________________environment. At the same time, the nervous system, the living instrument that interprets and stores the data collected by the sense organs, became (45) _________________complex. | EXIST CHARACTER RECOGNISE CEREMONIOUS DEPEND ORDINARY RIGID ZEAL CONSERVE ROUND INCREASE |
Your answers:
36. | 37. | 38 | 39. | 40. |
41. | 42. | 43. | 44. | 45. |
III. READING (5 points)
Part 1: Read the text below. For questions 46-57, think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
Nothing's New In Medicine
Throughout the ages, disease has stalked (0) our species. Prehistoric humans must quickly have learnt what could be eaten (46) _______ danger, and how to avoid plants that could (47) ______ about illness. They found leaves, berries and the bark of different trees that could actually heal wounds and cure the sick, and (48) _____ soon became a special skill to understand natural medicine.
Ever (49) _______ the dawn of history, medicine men and wise women have always been expert in treating diseases and have dispensed medicine with ritual and magic. (50) ______ trial and error they discovered treatments for almost (51) ______ affliction prevalent at the time. The precious recipes for preparations which could relieve pain, stop fits, sedate or stimulate were (52) _______ down from generation to generation, although there was no exact understanding of the way in (53) ______ the medicines worked. Nevertheless, (54)______ the power of these primitive medicines, generations were still ravaged by disease.
(55) ______ the last 150 years, scientists and doctors, whose work has focused on these early medicines, have learnt that their power derived (56)_______ certain chemicals which were found in herbal remedies or could be synthesised in the laboratory. In just (57) _______ a way, advances in modern medicine continue, aided by the discoveries made centuries ago by our ancestors.
Your Answers:
46. | 47. | 48. | 49. |
50. | 51. | 52. | 53. |
54. | 55. | 56. | 57. |
Part 2: Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow.
Chelsea Rochman, an ecologist at the University of California, Davis, has been trying to answer a dismal question: Is everything terrible, or are things just very, very bad?
Rochman is a member of the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis’s marine-debris working group, a collection of scientists who study, among other things, the growing problem of marine debris, also known as ocean trash. Plenty of studies have sounded alarm bells about the state of marine debris; in a recent paper published in the journal Ecology, Rochman and her colleagues set out to determine how many of those perceived risks are real.
Often, Rochman says, scientists will end a paper by speculating about the broader impacts of what they’ve found. For example, a study could show that certain seabirds eat plastic bags, and go on to warn that whole bird populations are at risk of dying out. ‘But the truth was that nobody had yet tested those perceived threats,’ Rochman says. ‘There wasn’t a lot of information.’
Rochman and her colleagues examined more than a hundred papers on the impacts of marine debris that were published through 2013. Within each paper, they asked what threats scientists had studied - 366 perceived threats in all - and what they’d actually found.
In 83 percent of cases, the perceived dangers of ocean trash were proven true. In the remaining cases, the working group found the studies had weaknesses in design and content which affected the validity of their conclusions - they lacked a control group, for example, or used faulty statistics.
Strikingly, Rochman says, only one well-designed study failed to find the effect it was looking for, an investigation of mussels ingesting microscopic plastic bits. The plastic moved from the mussels’ stomachs to their bloodstreams, scientists found, and stayed there for weeks - but didn’t seem to stress out the shellfish.
While mussels may be fine eating trash, though, the analysis also gave a clearer picture of the many ways that ocean debris is bothersome.
Within the studies they looked at, most of the proven threats came from plastic debris, rather than other materials like metal or wood. Most of the dangers also involved large pieces of debris - animals getting entangled in trash, for example, or eating it and severely injuring themselves.
But a lot of ocean debris is ‘microplastic’, or pieces smaller than five millimeters. These may be ingredients used in cosmetics and toiletries, fibers shed by synthetic clothing in the wash, or eroded remnants of larger debris. Compared to the number of studies investigating large-scale debris, Rochman’s group found little research on the effects of these tiny bits. ‘There are a lot of open questions still for microplastic,’ Rochman says, though she notes that more papers on the subject have been published since 2013, the cutoff point for the group’s analysis.
There are also, she adds, a lot of open questions about the ways that ocean debris can lead to sea-creature death. Many studies have looked at how plastic affects an individual animal, or that animal’s tissues or cells, rather than whole populations. And in the lab, scientists often use higher concentrations of plastic than what’s really in the ocean. None of that tells us how many birds or fish or sea turtles could die from plastic pollution - or how deaths in one species could affect that animal’s predators, or the rest of the ecosystem.
‘We need to be asking more ecologically relevant questions,’ Rochman says. Usually, scientists don’t know exactly how disasters such as a tanker accidentally spilling its whole cargo of oil and polluting huge areas of the ocean will affect the environment until after they’ve happened. ‘We don’t ask the right questions early enough,’ she says. But if ecologists can understand how the slow-moving effect of ocean trash is damaging ecosystems, they might be able to prevent things from getting worse.
Asking the right questions can help policy makers, and the public, figure out where to focus their attention. The problems that look or sound most dramatic may not be the best places to start. For example, the name of the ‘Great Pacific Garbage Patch’ - a collection of marine debris in the northern Pacific Ocean - might conjure up a vast, floating trash island. In reality though, much of the debris is tiny or below the surface; a person could sail through the area without seeing any trash at all. A Dutch group called ‘The Ocean Cleanup’ is currently working on plans to put mechanical devices in the Pacific Garbage Patch and similar areas to suck up plastic. But a recent paper used simulations to show that strategically positioning the cleanup devices closer to shore would more effectively reduce pollution over the long term.
‘I think clearing up some of these misperceptions is really important,’ Rochman says. Among scientists as well as in the media, she says, ‘A lot of the images about strandings and entanglement and all of that cause the perception that plastic debris is killing everything in the ocean.’ Interrogating the existing scientific literature can help ecologists figure out which problems really need addressing, and which ones they’d be better off - like the mussels - absorbing and ignoring.
For questions 58-64, decide whether the following statements are True (T), False (F), or Not Given (NG). Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
58. Rochman and her colleagues were the first people to research the problem of marine debris.
59. The creatures most in danger from ocean trash are certain seabirds.
60. The studies Rochman has reviewed have already proved that populations of some birds will soon become extinct.
61. Rochman analysed papers on the different kinds of danger caused by ocean trash.
62. Most of the research analysed by Rochman and her colleagues was badly designed.
63. One study examined by Rochman was expecting to find that mussels were harmed by eating plastic.
64. Some mussels choose to eat plastic in preference to their natural diet.
Your Answers:
58. | 59. | 60. | 61. | 62. | 63. | 64. |
For questions 65-70, choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage to complete the note below.
Findings related to marine debris
Studies of marine debris found the biggest threats were
• plastic (not metal or wood)
• bits of debris that were (65) ______________________ (harmful to animals)
There was little research into (66) _____________________e.g. from synthetic fibres.
Drawbacks of the studies examined
• most of them focused on individual animals, not entire (67) _____________________.
• the (68) ______________________of plastic used in the lab did not always reflect those in the ocean
• there was insufficient information on
- numbers of animals which could be affected
- the impact of a reduction in numbers on the (69) _____________________of that species
- the impact on the ecosystem
Rochman says more information is needed on the possible impact of future (70) _____________________ (e.g. involving oil)
Part 3: You are going to read an extract from a newspaper article about Anita Roddick, the founder of The Body Shop. For questions 71-77, choose the answer (A, B C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
A RADICAL MULTIMILLIONAIRE
Anita Roddick squats in the back of a Jeep in Ghana’s blowtorch heat, bare-armed and wild-haired, dusty feet in worn sandals, sweat on her lined forehead. Her clothes are crumpled and her face is creased. She is the fourteenth richest woman in Britain; she is the public face of the eco-friendly Body Shop but she shrugs when anyone mentions her money. She doesn’t want to talk about her wealth but about other people’s poverty. She doesn’t want to talk about cosmetics, but about the stories and traditions behind each pot of cocoa butter moisturising cream, or about beauty not being skin deep, or the wisdom that comes with age, or the danger of microwave ovens and animal-tested hair sprays.
‘I am a child of the Sixties,’ she says. And so she is, with her flowing hair and peasant clothes, and her indefatigable love of all good causes: she’s an unreconstructed old hippie, one of a dying breed.
I used to think that Anita Roddick was the female equivalent of Richard Branson, hiding her businesswoman's heart under the cheesecloth smock, and cannily persuading intense teenage girls to buy lip gloss or little bottles of body creams in naff raffia baskets - cashing in on a fashion for ethical shopping by vigilante consumers who no longer want products that are tainted by child labour, oppressive regimes, environmental damage.
A few years ago, Roddick came under a barrage of criticism. She won a bruising libel case against Channel Four, who had suggested that Body Shop cosmetics contained animal products, but then faced hostile media attention for the way that the company was set up, for the razzmatazz of their hype, for advertising American Express in a manner that suggested a colonial complacency. Roddick insists that if you dig for dirt you will always find some. Some of the mud seemed to stick: and while we oddly continue to love Branson for his homey jerseys and his inarticulate pronouncements, the public seems irritated by Roddick’s garrulous, tireless, pushy and morally insistent presence.
We are on our way to one of the villages near Tamale which supply the Body Shop with shea butter. Under the Fair Trade agreement. Body Shop pays a ten per cent premium on top of the price, which goes into community projects.
We approach the village, and a throng of people is waiting. Anita unscrews the tops of moisturising creams, and their scent fills the baked air like incense in church. She visits the shea-butter process. She praises the women. “The wives and mothers and grandmothers’ - and listens to their worries: there’s been a drought for three years; there is no school. She promises money (out of her own trust fund) for the equipment. They cheer, they give her a goat, two guinea fowl and a great box of yams. Then everyone dances, - and Anita dances the most enthusiastically of all, as the drum beats out its rhythms and the children stare up at her and giggle. I don’t know whether to be moved or appalled by this vision of white woman coming to Africa, she who would be queen, or by her inimitable combination of generosity and shamelessness.
In another village, further south and later in the trip, she promises that she will fund a clinic in Ghana, there is Aids, malaria, yellow fever, fatal epidemics of measles and malnutrition. She is given another goal. She has a go at hacking cocoa pods off the trees, wielding the long pole tipped with a knife, stubborn and off-target. She questions the cooperative which runs the cocoa butter production about its bureaucracy “I want to know what we’re doing here that’s different.” she says. “I want to see results.”. A quarrel breaks out among the men, some of whom are drunk on palm gin. She stands up. “OK, OK, tell me, urn” - she looks around wildly – “who is the best here at kissing?”
I feel embarrassed for her, by her - but maybe that is just my problem, for the quarrel peters out, and the women smile up at her adoringly; their fairy godmother, coming from another world, bearing gifts.
With Anita Roddick, there seems to be no gap between the thought and the utterance, nor any sense of shame or dignity. This is her great strength and also her perpetual weakness - the way she plunges into things, with her shambolic passions, her spontaneous opinions. She is not chic, trendy or cool (nor. indeed, is The Body Shop). She clings to naivety and optimism. Of course, it can be disarming, and she knows and plays on this.
As we Walk, she admits to guilt; she is a rich hippie: a radical multimillionaire. She is leaving most of her money to charities, not to her two daughters; she drives an old Golf and wears floppy flowery skirts (“I like to look like a peasant”) to business meetings in the City. She works very hard when she doesn’t need to.
Our last appointment in Ghana before flying home is at the British High Commission in Accra, where a reception is being held in Roddick’s honour. Drifting across the hum of cultured voices, I can hear Roddick laughing lustily. Who cares if she is a bit batty? Her hair is messy; her chin is up; behind her glasses, her eyes are shrewd and bright and determined. There are many worse things to be than a wacky hippie with a large wallet and a large heart.
(from an article by N. Gerrard in “The Observer”
71. The writer thinks that Anita Roddick___________________.
A. pretends to be concerned about moral issues but is at heart a businesswoman
B. is eccentric but well-intentioned on the whole
C. is rather hypocritical
D. is condescending to the people in the village
72. The text states that The Body Shop sells products that___________________.
A. contain some hidden animal products B. sometimes contain mud
C. are produced in a morally acceptable way D. appeal unfairly to young women
73. According to the text, Anita Roddick___________________.
A. agrees that in the past The Body Shop may have had some faults
B. thinks that all the accusations against Tile Body Shop are completely unfounded
C. chinks that American Express behave like colonialists
D. has been over-criticised in the past
74. In one of the villages she visits Anita Roddick___________________.
A. promises to build a new school
B. goes to see the place where they make one of The Body Shop products
C. distributes Body Shop products to the villagers
D. promises the villagers money from The Body Shop to buy equipment
75. Anita Roddick___________________.
A. is guilty of double-dealing B. feels uneasy about her wealth
C. is embarrassed about being a hippie D. is guilty about her treatment of her family
76. How do the villagers feel about Anita Roddick?
A. They feel embarrassed by her
B. They dislike her interfering with the way they run their businesses
C. They expect her to solve their disagreements
D. They sec her as a benefactor
77. When describing Anita, the writer of this article tends to be___________________.
A. uncritical B. disapproving C. embarrassed D. critical but amused
Your answers:
71. | 72. | 73. | 74. | 75. | 76. | 77. |
Part 4: You are going to read an extract from a book. Seven paragraphs have been removed from the extract. For questions 78-84, choose from paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap (1-7). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
Sociological research points to the theory that certain ways of positioning or moving the body have a direct correlation with how one is perceived. People emit an aura of strength or power dependent on posture, gestures and eye movement. Quick, enthusiastic, meaningful movements and gestures suggest a dynamic, alert person. People who look at, and maintain eye contact with their audience while conversing with them exude confidence and fearlessness.
78. |
Being conscious of one’s posture and gestures when sitting is also conducive to creating the right impression on the beholder. When one wishes to appear self-assured and knowledgeable in an important interpersonal situation where sitting is required, a high, straight-backed chair should be chosen when possible. Placing and clasping the hands behind the head, with elbows stretched to the sides, adds to the impression of comfortable assertiveness. It also keeps the hands under control and out of danger of unwanted fidgeting.
79. |
The appropriate placing of the hands depends on the situation. When one is in an upright position, standing face to face with another person, the palms of the hands should not be evident. Hands open in a palm-revealing gesture can connote a begging or submissive attitude.
80. |
Research shows that people in business have adopted a standard routine. Many professionals assume a hand-to- chin position when seated and when engaged in discussion, they will sit erectly in their chair with one leg crossed casually over the other, seemingly calm and cool. The moment the discussion begins to take on a more serious note, the professional will uncross the legs, place both feet squarely on the floor and lean forward to indicate assertiveness and strength. It does not do, though, to be too defensive.
81. |
Staring or glaring eyes flash “threat or warning” to both humans and animals. How often have we observed a dog with hackles raised, staring down an opponent? Just as beasts send signals of dominance in this fashion, so do humans. The eyes can communicate other emotions as well. Eyes that blink rapidly and shift from side to side give the illusion of nervousness or untrustworthiness.
82. |
In some situations, staring as opposed to maintaining eye contact, can have a negative effect. In addition to being regarded as rude, staring at someone can indeed make them back down or surrender. Adversely, it could antagonise them into accepting the suggested challenge.
83. |
This phenomenon proves to be even more evident when a person takes on the role of listener. In almost all social scenarios, people demonstrate a heightened sense of attentiveness when a perceived person of power speaks. Whether one is discussing a teacher in a classroom or a company president in the boardroom, all eyes seem to be riveted on the sage, advice-giving, more dominant speaker.
84. |
It is said that we form impressions of people within the first thirty seconds of meeting them. Within this time period, the beholder is strongly influenced by a person’s stance, gestures and physical actions. When someone is aware of this, they are far more prepared to consciously use the tools of impression management to control the overall impression they make on those around them.
A. In the instances where a speaker wishes to present and reinforce an impression of honesty and powerfulness on his audience, body language may speak more loudly and more effectively than the actual spoken words.
B. Just as staring can be offensive at times, looking at someone too frequently or for too long a duration can also suggest something negative; namely submissiveness. With regard to the higher primates and humans, both occupy themselves for longer periods of time observing their superiors as opposed to their inferiors.
C. Just as posture plays a role in impression management, so too do the eyes. The eyes can communicate a million words without the owner consciously knowing they are doing so. The eyes are the "mirror of the soul” and by moving them, or using them in certain ways, diverse messages can be relayed to an observer.
D. There are times when one’s hands seem to have a “mind of their own”. Unconsciously, one might tap their fingers on the arms of a chair, fidget with jewellery, or even crack one’s knuckles. All of these actions are very clear signs of boredom, nervousness or inattentiveness.
E. A flatterer is a person who controls his impression management in such a way that the message being sent is one of a likeable, friendly person. The flatterer’s aim is to be seen only in a positive light and will tell an audience exactly what they want to hear to create this aura.
F. Somebody who is relaxed enough to stand before his audience without any visual signs of stress exudes self-assuredness and honesty. Even though these people are comfortable in their stance, they hold themselves erect and avoid looking round-shouldered or hunched over. Being lazy with one’s posture could be indicative of defeat, while standing tall and proud paints a picture of one who is in charge.
G. It is said that many politicians are very aware of this impression that the eyes can make on an audience. Many insist that there be no movement in a television studio where they are being taped, for fear that their eyes may automatically flit to the sudden movement. Obviously, no politician wants to appear to be lying or feeling uncomfortable about what he is saying during a live taping of a political debate or speech.
H. When sitting, many people make the mistake of folding their arms across their chests. This gives the impression of being closed off or inaccessible to the audience. By rights, the hands should be clasped loosely, with fingers interlaced, and placed in the lap. This gesture indicates an open, friendly attitude to the audience.
Your answers:
78. | 79. | 80. | 81. | 82. | 83. | 84. |
Part 5: You are going to read an article in which four readers suggest locations for watching wildlife. For questions 85-95, choose from the readers (A-D). The readers may be chosen more than once. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
Which reader… Your answers:
offered money in return for the chance to interact directly with some animals? | 85. _______ |
feels that visiting the location has been a life-changing experience? | 86. _______ |
says the location may well become more renowned in the future? | 87. _______ |
has a suggestion for the novice wildlife tourist? | 88. _______ |
mentions a physical reaction to the excitement of spotting certain animals? | 89. _______ |
got involved in activities designed to help various types of animal directly? | 90. _______ |
feels it unwise to bank on seeing one particular species? | 91. _______ |
mentions an abundance of animals belonging to one particular species? | 92. _______ |
mentions unpaid work being offered as part of a trip? | 93. _______ |
suffered some discomfort in order to witness one wildlife event? | 94. _______ |
mentions one particularly enjoyable form of transport ? | 95. _______ |
Wildlife encounters
Four readers suggest great locations where you can watch wildlife in its natural surroundings
A. KENVIN: Hallo Bay, Alaska
The first time you see a bear, when you realise that it’s just you, the guide and that bear, your mouth definitely goes dry. Unlike in other more frequently visited areas, the bears at Hallo Bay don’t associate humans with food as nobody’s ever fed them, so they pose no risk to people. You can watch the bears fish in the river, nurse their cubs, photograph them hunting for clams on the beach or find them sleeping with their full bellies nestled in a hollow they’re dug in the sand. for me, Hallo Bay’s a magical place. I’ve always been a person who was structured and organised, but I’ve said for years now that I lost my list in Alaska. One thing which makes Hallo Bay so special us that the remote camp has just a dozen guests at a time, with guided groups of no more than half that many heading out to search for the bears. And there’s no shortage of them; Hallo Bay has one of the world’s healthiest populations of coastal browns, maybe because of the plentiful food supply. It must be how the planet was several hundred years ago. Admittedly, Hallo Bay would be a bit challenging if you’d never been wildlife watching before. But for me, even without the bears it would be a gorgeous place to visit.
B. SARAH: Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa
It’s so hard to recommend just one location in Africa to go in search of the big five! However, if you’ve never been on safari before, then travel is straightforward in South Africa and its parks are the cheapest if you’re short of money. Also, if you want to take children with you there are parks, such as Madikwe Game Reserve, that are malaria – free. This doesn’t mean you can’t have an adventure. The parks have well- equipped campsites and good- quality roads, so It’s perfectly possible to fly in, hire a four-by-four, fully equipped with everything you need for a fortnight’s camping, and head off on your own. There’s also an impressive selection of volunteer projects involving animals, particularly around the country’s biggest parks. I spent four weeks helping at as veterinary practice with African Conservation Experience. I got the chance to work with lion, cheetah, sable antelope, elephant and buffalo. The work’s extremely hands-on and you have to be ready for anything, whether it’s taking a lion’s temperature or treating a dog for a snake bite!
C. RAY: Playa Grande Sanctuary, Costa Rica
With concerns mounting about the pressure on the Galápagos islands, Costa Rica’s popularity as a wildlife venue could be about to take off, and deservedly so. It boasts the world’s highest biodiversity according to some guidebooks and packs in 850 species of birds and a quarter of the world’s species of butterfly. From cloud forest to Caribbean beaches and from dry tropical forest to mangrove swamps, Costa Rica has it all: iguanas at your feet, capuchin monkeys overhead, sloths are to be seen, and if you’re really lucky you’ll sight of one of Costa Rica’s jaguars. However, perhaps the most magical thing to do here is watch turtles lay their eggs on as moonlight drenched beach. It does require patience; we waited two nights, napping on hard benches at the Playa Grande sanctuary, before one of the wardens shook us awake to say a female had been spotted laboriously making her way out of the surf. The turtles go into a sort of trance and we were allowed quite close to watch her dig a hole with her flippers and deposit hundreds of eggs, the size of golf balls. She then casually covered them up and headed off back down the beach – the last she’ll see of her young. The eggs are then gathered by the wardens and taken to their hatchery to protect them from predators.
D. AMY: Chitwan national Park, Nepal
With tigers, snow leopards and one-horned rhinoceros, Nepal certainly has its share of endangered animals. The snow leopard is perhaps the most exotic of them all but, with only a maximum of five hundred of these cats left in the country, they’re incredibly difficult to spot. Snow leopard treks are organized regularly, but if you go on one you need to enjoy it for the sheer magnificence of the scenery and not feel let down if you don’t spot your ultimate prey. It could be a life-changing experience, but it’s not that likely to happen. I visited Chitwan at the foot of the Himalayas. The park was set aside for wildlife in 1959 and is the place to see Indian rhinoceros as well as being one of the last refuges of the Bengal tiger. One of the best ways to view both is from the back of an elephant – something that is rather fabulous in itself. We were having breakfast one day when two elephants were being taken for their daily wash on the river bank near our hotel. We made a small donation and asked to help – it was one of the most amazing animal encounters possible, sitting on the backs of those huge elephants scrubbing their backs whilst they knelt in the water and sprayed us from their trunk! All the more special as it was so impromptu.
IV. WRITING: (6 points)
Part 1: Read the following extract and use your own words to summarize it. Your summary should be no more than 120 words long. You MUST NOT copy the original.
There are differences between the deserts, though in varying degrees. While it is common for laymen like us to see deserts as rocky or covered with gravel or pebbles, there are some where large sand dunes inhabit. Despite the fact that rainfall is minimal, temperatures do change in deserts, ranging from seasonal ones to daily changes where extreme hotness and coldness are experienced in the day and night.
Unfavorable conditions in the deserts, especially the lack of water, have discouraged many living things from inhabiting these landscapes. Nevertheless, there are exceptionally surviving ones which through their superb tactics, have managed to live through and are still going strong. One such kind is the specialist annual plants which overcome seasonal temperature changes with their extremely short, active life cycles. In events of sudden rain, the plant seeds pullulate and grow very quickly to make full use of the rain water. Their flowers bloom and set seeds that ripen quickly in the hot sun too. Once the water runs dry, the mother plant dies, leaving behind the drought-resistant seeds, waiting patiently for the next rainy season to arrive.
The Cacti, a native in American deserts, adapts to the dry surroundings by having unique body structures. The plant has swollen stems to help store water that carries it through months. By having sharp pines instead of leaves, water loss through respiration is minimized. Besides, these pointed pines also help the plant ward off grazing animals, thus enhancing its survival period.
Besides plants, there are also animals with distinct surviving tactics in deserts too. For instance, Skinks ( desert lizards) metabolize stored fats in their bulbous tails, producing water to supplement their needs, just like what camels do with the stored food in their humps during long journeys through deserts. Antelopes like the addax, have very low water needs and hence are able to tolerate the conditions in deserts, extracting moisture from the food they eat.
Finally, there are the sandgrouses (desert birds) which do not have special features to overcome the drought-like nature in deserts. Hence, to survive in these hot, dry deserts, they need to spend a large part of their time flying in search of waterholes.
Your answer:
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Part 2: The bar shows the percentage of people going to cinemas in one European country on different days. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant. You should write about 150 words.
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Part 3:
Some people think that joining “đi bão” (throngs of football fans rushing out and travelling aound the streets to cheer them up after a successful match of the national football team) is a way to show their patriotism. Others, however, believe that this is just a meaningless activity because it brings about problems only. What is your opinion? In about 350 words, write an essay to give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your knowlwdge and experience.
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