Ngày 29
Question 1: In the passage below, seven paragraphs have been removed. For questions 1 10, read
the passage and choose from paragraphs A H the one which fits each gap. There is ONE extra
paragraph which you do not need to use. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
POST-EARTHQUAKE ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS IN NEPAL
Natural disasters can take a terrible toll: loss of life is all too likely and ancient buildings often prove
acutely vulnerable. The damage inflicted by overly hasty attempts to reconstruct stricken monuments is
less well appreciated. Robin Coningham and Kosh Prasad Acharya describe the knowledge gleaned from
post-disaster archaeology in Kathmandu. 1
However, when the Gorkha Earthquake struck on 25 April 2015, it caused 9,000 fatalities and was also a
cultural catastrophe that damaged over 400 historic structures across the valley's core monument zones.
Emergency services joined the public to clear the streets, while the government and international agencies
mobilised bulldozers, JCBs, and thousands of trucks to remove tons of mixed historic and modern debris.
Attention then turned towards reconstructing collapsed and damaged heritage sites. 2
Few of the resulting restorations, though, sought to understand the weaknesses that caused monuments to
collapse in the first place, or to use archaeological evidence to discover how medieval builders had
handled the risk of earthquakes. A focus on recreating monumental superstructures, often with modern
materials, not only threatened their authenticity, but also frequently featured the removal of historic
foundations and other traces of earlier activity. 3
Collectively, we completed two seasons of post-disaster archaeological investigations across the
UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2015 and 2016. Our rescue excavations at key sites in Kathmandu have
provided deeper and more complex biographies for many monuments. Prior to our investigations,
nd architectural studies, combined with
historic inscriptions, texts, legends, and traditions. Thanks to our programme of scientific dating, we have
discovered that the origins of some major monuments lie much further in the past than previously
thought, changing our understanding of how Kathmandu developed. 4
We found that most of the damage to its foundations was caused by post-earthquake clear-up operations,
including the use of heavy machinery to strip away debris. The actual foundations themselves were so
strong and resilient that we did not detect any earthquake damage to them. Mud mortar between the
bricks gave the structure flexibility, while our new scientific dates suggest that its foundations had
survived earthquakes every 100 years or so for well over a millennium. It was a similar situation at many
other monuments we investigated. 5
Our excavations revealed that a wooden tenon, which once locked into the joint of the saddlestone, had
been broken during mid 20th-century conservation; it was not replaced. Instead, some new tiled paving
was pushed underneath the bottom of the timber column, removing the critical and flexible joint uniting
the foundations and superstructure. This was a major factor contributing to the collapse of the monument during the 2015 earthquake. 6
This striking place of worship beside the Bagmati River is believed to be one of the oldest Hindu
complexes in Kathmandu. Although the Gorkha Earthquake spared the major monuments within the
temple precinct, others collapsed. This included an 18th-century AD rest house for travelling sadhus (or
holy men), known as the Guruju Sattal, close to the western entrance to the complex. 7
This means that the find-spots of artefacts and personal effects can be recorded, creating a source of
information that could be valuable during the initial emergency phase and later reconstruction efforts. In
an actual disaster, such a method would allow the rapid removal of material, as well as aid locating
missing persons, and permit building materials and artefacts to be salvaged for future conservation or even reuse. Missing Paragraphs
A These monuments are not only significant historic and artistic achievements, but also living sites
bound together with their local communities, as well as an important source of income through
international tourism. This significance led to plans for rapid reconstruction underpinned by bilateral
agreements with foreign donors.
B If this is the case, one of the major questions facing us was why these historic structures had
collapsed. At the Kasthamandap, we discovered that one of the saddlestones, which ought to hold the
main timber columns of the building superstructure, was missing. Four should have been present at the
corners of the monument's main shrine, but the north-eastern saddlestone was absent.
C During the training session, we explained to participants how key elements were lost after the 2015
earthquake, once they became mixed with modern debris and were dumped. Historic bricks that could
have been recycled were simply thrown away, slowing reconstruction efforts and creating unnecessary
financial and environmental costs, as new bricks needed to be fired. However, our work has shown a way
forwards for restoring damaged structures.
D The Kathmandu valley, nestling in the foothills of the Himalayas, is studded with medieval
monuments. Palaces, Buddhist stupas, Hindu temples, and public squares still form part of the everyday
fabric of three cities inhabited by a million people. These exceptional architectural treasures are inscribed
on UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites.
E The exercise was achieved with support from the Pashupati Area Development Trust, alongside
heritage professionals and first responders from the police and army. Here, in a safe environment, the
participants developed an approach that enabled debris to be cleared quickly, but also spatially. After
gridding out the remains of the Guruju Sattal, rubble was systematically removed from defined squares
and placed into a replicated grid near the site.
F While we had identified causes of collapse, and the damage inflicted by unrecorded post-earthquake
interventions in the past, we also needed to use the lessons learned during our work to look forward, as -
designing a live-training debris-clearing exercise, which took place at the Pashupati Temple complex.
G One example is the Kasthamandap Kathmandu's eponymous monument a three-storey pagoda
constructed as a rest house at an intersection of major trade routes through the valley. This impressive
structure was generally thought to date to the 12th century AD, but thanks to our work, we now know that
it was built in the early 8th century AD. Further excavations produced another surprise, by revealing just
how effectively traditional design had aided the seismic stability of the monument.
H While the earthquake wrought immense damage, rushed reconstruction efforts have cumulatively
caused a second, even larger cultural catastrophe: the destruction of Kathmandu's buried heritage. In
response to this loss, the a team of archaeologists, geo-archaeologists, and architects from Durham
University, ICOMOS (Nepal), and the University of Stirling was mobilised.
Question 2: Listen to a talk about chronic pancreatitis and answer the questions. Write NO MORE
THAN THREE WORDS taken from the recording for each answer in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
1. In rarer circumstances, what causes chronic pancreatitis besides drugs that stress the pancreas,
autoimmune disorders, and hereditary or genetic conditions?
__________________________________________________________________.
2. What are people with chronic pancreatitis unable to do?
__________________________________________________________________.
3. What is chronic pancreatitis's defining symptom?
__________________________________________________________________.
4. As the disease progresses, how may the pain become?
__________________________________________________________________.
5. For predisposed patients, what does treatment of chronic pancreatitis involves?
__________________________________________________________________.
Question 3: Choose the best option to complete each of the following sentences
1. He is exhausted now, _______ working all day and having a sleepless night. A. let alone B. what with C. whatsoever D. notwithstanding 2. A. B. C. Not that I know of. D. How was I to know?
3. There are a lot of students at the career fair event now more than ___ last year. A. did they B. come they C. came D. they came
4. I opened the door and discovered that it was ______ A. none B. any C. no D. hardly
5. Jenny boarded the train, ____________________. A. was her past behind B. her past was behind
C. her past having been behind D. her past behind her
6. Our recommendation that ______ was approved by the management board.
A. a central heating system be installed
B. installing a central heating system
C. would install a central heating system
D. they would install a central heating system
7. She is so full of beans, ________ her age. A. considering B. to consider C. considered D. consider
8. Scarcely had the thieves left the building _________ by the police.
A. when they were arrested
B. that they were arrested
C. but they were arrested
D. than they were arrested
9. At the centre of the Earth ________________
A. its molten core lies
B. is where its molten core lies
C. lies its molten core
D. does its molten core lie
10. The article argued that it was time the government _________ something about the pollution in the urban areas. A. to do B. had done C. do D. did
Question 4: The passage below consists of four sections marked A, B, C, and D. For questions 1 10,
read the passage and do the task that follows.
THE RADICALISM OF AN UNTAMED APPETITE
A new HBO show about American cooking teacher Julia Child explores the virtues of ambition whatever the age. A
My Life in France, and the movie Julie & Julia (starring Meryl Streep in an
Oscar-nominated performance as Child) have documented how voluptuously and shamelessly she
embraced the pleasure that food and love gave her. Julia, a sparkling new series on HBO Max, chooses to
focus on a different urge Child found herself with in midlife: the hunger for, simply, more. Julia, created
and co-written by The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel
with its central conceit of a funny, privileged woman fighting to be more than a wife. But it also presents,
finds in her 50s that she has not only a gift, but a calling.
spiky finesse by the British actor Sarah Lancashire, brings untempered hunger to joyful life. Her
appetites, untamed, become not just unruly but wholly radical.
B At the beginning of the series, Julia is co-publishing a French cookbook and her husband, Paul, is
stationed as a diplomat in Oslo, Norway
Paul is pushed into retirement. In Cambridge, Massachusetts, they putter around until Julia is invited to
discuss her book on public television, during a literary segment hosted by an impeccably pompous
academic. Faced with blistering condescension, she makes him a three-egg omelet on live television,
and an overwhelming-for-public-television 27 fan letters from viewers later her fame is very slowly
and uncertainly ignited. The series, like its central figure, is geared toward pleasure, tweaking the
synapses with beauty, comfort, and the kind of coziness that food shows long ago made their
own. Julia is awash with detail and lavishly rendered: One street scene, in which Julia walks into the
WBGH studios for the first time, features intricate period storefronts, a handful of vintage cars, and
throngs of college students in sweater sets and penny loafers.
C With its fondness for slapstick and physical comedy, Julia reminded me of Frasier
excavation of snobbery, privilege, and cultural disconnection. But like Frasier, Julia also dances around
questions that its warm tone resists fully digging into: Whom do art and culture lift up, and whom do they
h a certain kind of myopia, but no series
can explore ambition today without needing to reckon with the many flaws in the girlboss
model. Julia sometimes seems so busy anticipating criticism of its subject that it loses sight of her more
human complexity. To counter charges that this is yet another show about an upper-middle-class white
woman, Julia has created the character of Alice Naman (Brittany Bradford), a young Black producer at y undermined and alarmed by groups of only women, which sh
D Anchoring the show, though, is a performance that sometimes challenges Julia
Lancashire plays Julia less as a naturally convivial and generous soul than as someone long practiced in
on television is painted in the show as innate, selfish, inexplicable. She presents it to Paul as an altruistic
mission, a journey to share the rich lessons of their life in France with American women tethered to their
another newly discovered appetite to be
Julia massages history, it gets one thing absolutely right, in making the case
everything she did to define the American kitchen
still feels startlingly progressive.
In which extract are the following mentioned?
1. a response to a hostile reception 1.
2. pursuing a certain artistic approach at the expense of nuance 2.
3. enthusiastic reactions following a certain activity 3.
4. places being bound up with a certain demographic 4.
5. the organizing concept of a TV series 5.
6. a quality characteristic of a type of program 6.
7. giving reasons to highlight the significance of indulging a yearning 7.
8. the skill involved in conveying the strength of a certain feeling 8.
9. a reluctance to address certain issues 9. 10. 10.
Question 5: Choose the best option to complete each of the following sentences
1. I spent the following 10 days at Victoria and John's house _______. They escorted me to all of the town's sights and eateries. A. on his toes B. above the water C. in clover D. at bay
2. Our surprise party for Daniel went ______ because Peter blurted out our intentions. A. fig-shaped B. papaya-shaped C. mango-shaped D. pear-shaped
3. For some reason, they tend to think that everything in life should be handed to them _______, and that hard work is for fools. A. on a silver pickle B. on a silver platoon C. on a silver tureen D. on a silver platter
4. With the impending autumn, there is a
_______of ladybugs inside the windows preparing to hibernate. A. orchestra B. clew C. ramble D. loveliness
5. Even though the final examination is just round the corner, he is still as calm as _______
A. a bear in the forest B. a fly in the log C. a toad in the sun D. a lamb in the rain
6. Residents here all stand in _______ of these agglomerations of power, admit their inability to fight them and submit. A. respect B. deference C. reverence D. awe 7. _____ A. snoot B. snooze C. snook D. snoop
8. Our corporation will be unable to proceed with this arrangement until yours refuses to compromise. After all, __________.
A. two plus two equals five
B. two heads are better than one
C. two can play at that game
D. it takes two to tango
9. The lecturer must have been really annoyed when he received ______ laughter from the students. A. ear-piercing B. almighty C. shrill D. raucous
10. Social media seems to have turned everyone into a Monday-morning ______ whenever political issues are discussed. A. quarterback B. runner-back C. hunchback D. cornerback
Question 6: Choose the best option to complete each of the following sentences
1. Educational software developers have been glomming ______ the idea of remote learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. A. unto B. about C. onto D. into
2. He was arrested on suspicion of skimming ________ the company fund. A. away B. over C. down D. off
3. The police discovered that the robbers were holed ______ in an abandoned factory. A. away B. down C. on D. up
4. With the development of AI, many people fear that conventional jobs will go _____ the window. A. up B. under C. out D. above
5. The language you used in your blog post is quite _____ the pale, if not offensive. A. beyond B. behind C. upon D. above
6. We really hope that our love of language and literature will rub _____ on our children. A. up B. on C. off D. down
7. The project took much longer to complete because it bristled _____ difficulties. A. in B. down C. up D. with 8. _________ you? A. on B. up C. off D. against
9. Many of his colleague detest the way he fawns ________ his boss with a view to getting a promotion. A. above B. up C. over D. away
10. Apple does not produce the hardware; instead, it farms ______ to other manufacturers, such as TSMC and Foxconn. A. out B. up C. away D. on
Question 7: Choose the best option to complete each of the following sentences.
1. He really made the _______ fly when he came home drunk at midnight. A. hair B. skin C. wing D. fur
2. When I saw you bought a copy of 1984 like mine, I knew you were a woman after my own _________. A. sense B. mind C. head D. heart
3. Recent peace talks have failed to find any ________ ground between the governments of Ukraine and Russia. A. middle B. central C. focal D. common 4. ______ and aced the exam! A. trumps B. truffle C. trug D. triumphs
5. After reading a slew of academic publications, he curled up on his pillow and got lost in a _______ study. A. red B. brown C. white D. grey
6. He had a romantic ______ with his new colleague yesterday and has been very happy since then. A. cause célèbre B. tête-à-tête C. coup d'état D. mot juste 7.
The True Story of Ah Q is considered by many to be his A. sine qua non B. persona non grata C. magnum opus D. status quo
8. He had one too ________ at the bar last night, which is why he was absent from work this morning. A. much B. little C. few D. many
9. These salespeople tend to use technical jargons when advertising in order to _______ people with
science and talk them into buying the products. A. flummox B. addle C. blind D. baffle
10. Following her promotion, she developed an aristocratic demeanour and was always putting on A. airs and graces
B. checks and balances C. wattle and daub D. smoke and mirrors
Question 8: Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap.
THE CLASSICAL PERIOD OF MUSIC
Some epochs are marked by fragmentation, (1) _____, and competition, others by relative
(2) _______, cosmopolitanism, and cooperation. In contrast to the periods on both sides of it, the
Classical musical era of around 1750 1825 was a time of consolidation and (3) ________: all Europe
shared a similar style and aesthetic, and artists of the time pursued simplicity, directness, consistency. The
techniques, forms, and attitudes that (4) ________ in the first fifty years of this era, the time of Haydn and
Mozart, were so powerful that they have been the dominant influence on Western music ever since. In fact, a (5) _____ because its elements
The Classical period in music tends to be associated with the movement called the Age of Reason,
which began earlier in the eighteenth century. Reason was the (6) _______ of the era: human deductive
power was the means to discover the true order of the natural world and a just ordering of human affairs.
Just as in the seventeenth century Descartes rejected all assumptions and systems of thought and built a __________ the Age of Reason
looked (8) _________ at received truth: truth was not revealed by the gods but had to be reasoned out.
While reason was (9) _______ by conservatives to justify the old aristocratic order, reason was also the
instrument (10) _________ by men like Voltaire to help overthrow that order. 1. A. avant-gardism B. philistinism C. parochialism D. multiculturalism 2. A. extemporization B. discreteness C. cacophony D. integrity 3. A. fecundity B. lucidity C. profundity D. turgidity 4. A. bifurcated B. diverged C. assembled D. coalesced 5. A. handful B. hands-on C. handheld D. handy 6. A. motto B. byword C. distillation D. paragon 7. A. so B. consequently C. thus D. similarly 8. A. astride B. askance C. astray D. askew 9. A. appealed B. undercut C. elicited D. invoked 10. A. swung B. exerted C. held D. wielded
Question 9: Read the passage and choose the best answer A, B, C or D.
JOSEPH CONRAD REFLECTS ON WRITING AND THE ROLE OF THE ARTIST
A work that aspires, however humbly, to the condition of art should carry its justification in every
line. And art itself may be defined as a single-minded attempt to render the highest kind of justice to the
visible universe, by bringing to light the truth, manifold and one, underlying its every aspect. It is an
attempt to find in its forms, in its colours, in its light, in its shadows, in the aspects of matter and in the
facts of life what of each is fundamental, what is enduring and essential their one illuminating and
convincing quality the very truth of their existence. The artist, then, like the thinker or the scientist,
seeks the truth and makes his appeal. Impressed by the aspect of the world the thinker plunges into ideas,
the scientist into facts from which, presently, emerging they make their appeal to those qualities of our
being that fit us best for the hazardous enterprise of living. They speak authoritatively to our common-
sense, to our intelligence, to our desire of peace or to our desire of unrest; not seldom to our prejudices,
sometimes to our fears, often to our egoism but always to our credulity. And their words are heard with
reverence, for their concern is with weighty matters: with the cultivation of our minds and the proper care
of our bodies, with the attainment of our ambitions, with the perfection of the means and the glorification of our precious aims.
It is otherwise with the artist. Confronted by the same enigmatical spectacle the artist descends
within himself, and in that lonely region of stress and strife, if he be deserving and fortunate, he finds the
terms of his appeal. His appeal is made to our less obvious capacities: to that part of our nature which,
because of the warlike conditions of existence, is necessarily kept out of sight within the more resisting
and hard qualities like the vulnerable body within a steel armour. His appeal is less loud, more profound,
less distinct, more stirring and sooner forgotten. Yet its effect endures forever. The changing wisdom
of successive generations discards ideas, questions facts, demolishes theories. But the artist appeals to
that part of our being which is not dependent on wisdom; to that in us which is a gift and not an
acquisition and, therefore, more permanently enduring. He speaks to our capacity for delight and
wonder, to the sense of mystery surrounding our lives; to our sense of pity, and beauty, and pain and to
the subtle but invincible conviction of solidarity that knits together the loneliness of innumerable hearts,
to the solidarity in dreams, in joy, in sorrow, in aspirations, in illusions, in hope, in fear, which binds men
to each other, which binds together all humanity the dead to the living and the living to the unborn.
Fiction if it at all aspires to be art appeals to temperament. And in truth it must be, like painting,
like music, like all art, the appeal of one temperament to all the other innumerable temperaments whose
subtle and resistless power endows passing events with their true meaning, and creates the moral, the
emotional atmosphere of the place and time. Such an appeal to be effective must be an impression
conveyed through the senses; and, in fact, it cannot be made in any other way, because temperament,
whether individual or collective, is not amenable to persuasion. All art, therefore, appeals primarily to the
senses, and the artistic aim when expressing itself in written words must also make its appeal through the
senses, if its high desire is to reach the secret spring of responsive emotions. It must strenuously aspire to
the plasticity of sculpture, to the colour of painting, and to the magic suggestiveness of music which is the
art of arts. And it is only through complete, unswerving devotion to the perfect blending of form and
substance; it is only through an unremitting never-discouraged care for the shape and ring of sentences
that an approach can be made to plasticity, to colour, and that the light of magic suggestiveness may be
brought to play for an evanescent instant over the commonplace surface of words: of the old, old words,
worn thin, defaced by ages of careless usage.
The sincere endeavour to accomplish that creative task, to go as far on that road as his strength will
carry him, to go undeterred by faltering, weariness or reproach, is the only valid justification for the
worker in prose. And if his conscience is clear, his answer to those who in the fullness of a wisdom which
looks for immediate profit, demand specifically to be edified, consoled, amused; who demand to be
promptly improved, or encouraged, or frightened, or shocked, or charmed, must run thus: My task which
I am trying to achieve is, by the power of the written word to make you hear, to make you feel it is,
before all, to make you see. That and no more, and it is everything. If I succeed, you shall find there
according to your deserts: encouragement, consolation, fear, charm all you demand and, perhaps, also
that glimpse of truth for which you have forgotten to ask. 1.
A. The artist needs to have qualified focus in his quest to depict the truth.
B. The artist can uncover the truth through his own artistic medium.
C. The truth the artist seeks mostly underlies material objects in the visible universe.
D. The truth the artist seeks is a quality extrinsic to things in the visible universe. 2.
A. the methods they use to carry out research may not be objective.
B. they have different motives for studying aspects of life.
C. their audience are willing to believe what they present.
D. their starting points may be the same, but their concerns vary. 3. All of the foll
A. He counts on a finer faculty of his audience to help them understand his message.
B. He seeks to depict that which may be found by looking inward.
C. What he is searching for may not necessarily garner attention.
D. What he physiologically experiences is transferred to his audience. 4. A. a constant state of change
B. we possess a special acquired ability that helps us appreciate timeless art C.
D. the message the artist expresses may be of lesser importance 5.
A. There is a sense of universality in human experiences.
B. Humans share the same taste for beauty and entertainment.
C. We are innately united with other species.
D. Solitude ultimately underpins human existence.
6. Which one of the following phrases mentioned in paragraph 2 is most likely to be related to the concept A. B. C. D. 7. whether
A. It serves to echo an idea expressed earlier in the passage.
B. It signals a key point to be elaborated upon later.
C. It rules out the possibility of doing something differently.
D. It explains an important feature that sets something apart.
8. According to the author, what must an effective artistic appeal in prose do?
A. seek to evoke powerful sentiments
B. put stress on both style and content
C. aspire to a clear-cut quality
D. utilize the media of other arts
9. The author indicates that paying unceasing attention to the sentence will _______.
A. bring to light the defiled state of old expressions
B. induce vivid impressions of sensory experience
C. make the artistic appeal more convincing
D. pave the way for an understanding of art 10. Based on the
A. The prose writer must at first disregard public demands in order to fulfill them later. B.
C. The prose writer may not cater to popular taste afterwards. D.
Question 10: Complete each sentence by inserting the right form of the word provided in brackets.
1. You can sow the seeds at any time, provided that the soil is not frozen or _____________. (WATER)
2. The amount of money that top athletes are getting paid these days is absolutely ___________. (MIND)
3. He was not free to provide her with the _____________ life she deserved. (TRAM)
4. As he suffers from _____________, he avoids using elevators. (CLAUSTRUM)
5. The university mainly caters for the most _________ students who reach university level. (PECUNIA)
6. Without norms and regulations, our society would soon be thrown into a ____________. (DEMON)
7. Anyone who voices opposition to governmental policies is ___________ censored as engaging in hate speech. (PROPORTIONATE)
8. The employer's behaviour becomes _____________ to the point where the employee is compelled to resign. (OBJECT)
9. Interestingly, the economic prospects have been improving in recent years, the __________ of which is
the betterment of our environmental surroundings. (COROLLA)
10. Bian was __________ when he found out that he passed his final exams with flying colors. (STRIKE)
Question 11: Listen to two people, Jane and Jay, discussing affirmative action and the "cosmetic
diversity" of America's college campuses and choose the correct answer which fits best according to
what you hear.
1. What, according to Jane, is the point of contention?
A. The Cincinnati Bengals' path to the Super Bowl in 2022.
B. Whether the Supreme Court should have agreed to hear two significant cases that could result in
the abolition of race-conscious admissions programs.
C. Whether affirmative action is the best strategy for increasing college equity.
D. If affirmative action is used solely to improve the campus.
2. When asked about how affirmative action played into his college experience and how he perceived it,
Jay stated that _______________.
A. in 1998, there were no white students at Bowdoin and he thinks that if you're Asian and go to a
prestigious school, you don't have to worry about it
B. his college experience could have been improved if the school was more diversified
C. the institution should not have pursued these huge, restorative, and social justice projects at the time
D. affirmative action improved the quality of life on campus
3. Regarding the two big cases against Harvard and University of North Carolina, Jane thinks ________.
A. she is constantly operating against them, both unintentionally and intentionally
B. no one can provide her with a better overview of the situation than Jay, as he has been writing about these lawsuits recently
C. these are complex affirmative action cases, but they may mark the end of race-conscious
admissions procedures dating all the way back to the Civil Rights period
D. the Supreme Court cannot ignore these two significant cases, which have been in the news frequently recently 4. Who is Ed Blum?
A. He was the first to accuse the Voting Rights Act of being unconstitutional.
B. He is a conservative legal activist whose life's obsession has been to pursue race-based preferences.
C. He is the financier of much conservative activism and derives his funds from illegal sources.
D. He is a private citizen who obtains money through illegal means.
5. How is Students for Fair Admissions addressing racial equity on college campuses?
A. It files lawsuits across the United States alleging discrimination against Asian students.
B. It contacts Asian-American community organizations and solicits their participation in the
lawsuits against these various schools.
C. It highlights a number of the current issues surrounding voting rights and then switches over to affirmative action.
D. It blankets the country with lawsuits against white students.
Question 12: For each of the sentences below, use the word given in parentheses to make a new
sentence that is as close in meaning to the original as possible. This word must not be changed in any
way. You must use between 3 and 10 words, including the word given.
1. The personnel manager suggested that no new staff members be appointed. (freeze)
The personnel manager ________________________________________ staff.
2. My brother would appreciate it if his teacher could have a look at his assignment. (cast)
My brother would be __________________________________________ his assignment.
3. A review cannot adequately convey the movie's excellent quality. (justice)
A _________________________________________________________ movie.
4. My son does not bother keeping the floor clean; thus it is a disaster. (trouble)
The reason the floor is messy ____________________________________ clean it.
5. Ann was unsure whether employing such a young girl was a wise idea. (misgivings)
Ann ________________________________________________________ girl.
6. Tiki is the only e-commerce platform that supplies this item. (exclusive)
This ________________________________________________________ Tiki.
7. My friend will do everything possible to assist them using her conventional medical knowledge. (utmost)
My friend will ___________________________________________ of her traditional medical skills.
8. The event coordinators opted to take a break that year and look to a future regrouping in 2022. (hiatus)
The event's organizers agreed ____________________________________ reconvene in 2022.
9. It became the theme song for the same-named political campaign film. (signature)
It became the _________________________________________________ name.
10. I'd also like to thank everyone who supports me. (word)
May I also ___________________________________________________ who support me.
Question 13: The bolded sentence contains ONE WORD that needs correcting. Locate and CORRECT
it by writing your REVISED WORD in the provided space. The first one has been done for you as an example.
THINGS THEY NEVER TAUGHT YOU
Greetings to all. (0) My name is Herb Sokolowski, but like you, I am a college graduate. (1) You may
have heard from me because I was a former host of the television show Weird Science. I'm currently
working on a book about scientific inventions, and when I was invited to speak to you, I thought I'd
discuss it. However, I considered, "What purpose does that serve? It's likely that only a few of them will
be interested." (2) Rather than that, I'm going to share with you some life rules that I read about 15
years ago in a book written by a man namely Charles Sykes. I believe the title of the book was
Dumbing Down Our Kids. Prior to that, I believed as you probably do now that I was an entitled
individual. However, it altered my perspective, and who knows, perhaps it will change yours as well.
(3) I've reduced a number of rules slightly and rephrased them. Therefore, are you prepared? We'll begin.
RULE 1: Accept that life is not fair.
RULE 2: You will not earn $80,000 next year. (4) You will not be able to drive a fancy car as the vice
president until you earn the right.
RULE 3: If you believe your teacher is difficult, just wait until you have a boss.
RULE 4: It is not beneath your dignity to flip burgers. (5) Many years ago, your grandparents referred
to burger flip as opportunity.
RULE 5: If you make a mistake, it is almost always your fault. (6) As a result, do not bemoan your
errors; rather, learn from it.
RULE 6: As a child, you probably thought your parents were fairly dull. (7) However, they were that
way because they are paying your bills, cleaning your clothes, and listening to you brag about how
cool you are at the time. (8) Therefore, before you embark in a mission to save the world, clean up your own room.
RULE 7: (9) Schools have eliminated the concept of winners and losers over the last two decades
but life does not. In school, you are allowed as much time as you wish to obtain the correct answer. That
is extremely rare in real life.
RULE 8: Be respectful of nerds. (10) You will eventually find yourself working for another. Example:
(0) Your revised word: and (1) Your revised word: (2) Your revised word: (3) Your revised word: (4) Your revised word: (5) Your revised word: (6) Your revised word: (7) Your revised word: (8) Your revised word: (9) Your revised word: (10) Your revised word:
Question 14: Listen to a talk about Hertha Marks Ayrton and complete the following summary
about her. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the recording for each blank.
Hertha Marks Ayrton was a (1) __________ pioneer in the field of electricity. She was a bright spark who
was constantly (2) __________. Born in 1854 into a (3) __________ in Portsmouth, she studied for
Cambridge University entrance exam and passed with honours in (4) __________. In 1888, she gave a
series of well-attended public lectures on the subject of (5) __________. She was an astonishingly
diligent worker who created her first recorded invention - a (6) __________ that displayed a person's
pulse graph. Marks Ayrton desired to make (7) __________, which she accomplished. The (8)
__________ aided in the development of a new after-dark world of work, play, shopping, and
exploration. She ultimately gave birth to (9) __________, 3D printing, and perhaps one day rocket
launchers for space travel. Hertha Marks Ayrton tamed lightning - the ark that blazed between the (10)
__________ of those early street lights was uncontrollable.
Question 15: Listen to the interview. Choose T if the statement is true, F if it is false, and NG if the
information is not mentioned in the recording.
1. The issue with landscape painting is that the majority of people believe it is an antiquated genre.
2. David Hockney's big exhibition of landscapes at the Royal Academy contains some bizarre moments.
3. The challenge for Hockney was to maintain the conventional style of landscape painting.
4. Hockney's strengths are mostly graphic and illustrational.
5. Videos of the landscape from various vantage points are also available. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Question 16: Read the passage and do the tasks that follow. Moon base
When the Eagle lunar module touched down in the Sea of Tranquility on July 16, 1969, two American
astronauts, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin, made history by becoming the first humans to set foot on
the Moon. Armstrong was the first to walk on the lunar surface. There was a period when it was
practically inconceivable that humanity would not colonize the Moon within a reasonable time frame, but
the cost of sending people to live on the Moon was simply too high. Instead of sending humans into
space, individual national space agencies have sent robots known as orbiters and rovers in their place.
These are capable of returning and transmitting massive amounts of data, which will aid us in better
understanding the Moon and eventually colonizing it.
It is not impossible to transport people back to the Moon, despite the fact that it is complicated. We have
the ability to transport people, but the logistical problem of keeping them there is something entirely
other. The good news is that we already have two of the components required to make this work: solar
energy from the Sun and minerals found on the Moon itself. Scientists and researchers on Earth are
already hard at work in laboratories and simulation facilities, putting their theories about a lunar outpost to the test.
One of the most important requirements for sustaining life on the Moon is oxygen, which is a component
of the air that we breathe on Earth. Fortunately, the Moon's surface is covered with rocks and lunar soil,
known as regolith, which contains 42-45 percent oxygen. Harvesting oxygen from the regolith will be a
time-consuming and energy-intensive endeavor, but the American space agency NASA has developed
and tested robots that are capable of performing this task successfully. Oxygen, of course, is one of the
components required for the production of water, which is the second most important essential for
maintaining life. Due to the fact that hydrogen is not naturally occurring on the Moon as a free molecule,
there are two alternatives for obtaining hydrogen from other sources. Either we transport it to the Moon in
liquid form or we extract it from water on the surface of the planet. NASA confirmed in 2018 that water
is present on the Moon in the form of ice at the lunar poles, confirming previous speculation. A total of 10
billion tons of water is thought to be contained within the area. Only a portion of the water would be used
to sustain life, but the vast majority of it would be transformed into fuel by electrolyzing it into its
component parts: oxygen and hydrogen. Although electrolysis is a simple process, it takes a significant
amount of energy, which must be obtained from the Sun.
Rjukan, a town in Norway, has provided scientists with a lead on how to accomplish this. Before large
solar mirrors were installed on high elevations above the town in order to reflect sunlight down into it,
Rjukan would go for lengthy periods of time without receiving any sunshine at all. On the Moon, water
may be acquired by reflecting sunlight onto ice within craters using large reflectors positioned at high
peaks or mountains near the craters, which would then melt the ice. A solar-powered separation plant
could then transport the melted water to a storage facility where it could be divided into hydrogen and
oxygen. It is possible that the hydrogen would be utilized to fuel vehicles or that it would be fed to fuel
cells to provide energy to the lunar base, and that the oxygen would be used in the air supply. In addition
to being used to acquire water, the Sun's energy may also be used to give electricity to the base's
infrastructure. Lunar soil has nearly all of the minerals required for the construction of solar panels, and
the potential for harvesting solar energy is virtually limitless in theory. However, due to the fact that the
lunar night lasts 354 hours, it is critical to locate solar panels in regions of the Moon that get the greatest
amount of solar radiation. Fortunately, the Moon's poles receive sunlight for 75-80% of the year, and this
is also where ice can be found, making the poles ideal locations for the base station to be built on the surface of the Moon.
What materials will be used in the construction of the Moon base? The Moon's surface is constantly
blasted by cosmic radiation and tiny asteroids since it lacks an atmosphere or magnetic field to shield it
from these harmful factors. As a result, it is a dangerous area to dwell, and shelter is essential. There are
three alternatives. For example, one option would be to construct a Moon base on Earth and transport it to
the Moon via a spaceship in lunar orbit, but the costs of doing so would be prohibitive. A better solution
would be to use lunar soil to build bricks. Building walls and domes using such bricks has been
demonstrated by architects in Vienna, and it is anticipated that they would be sturdy enough to withstand
moonquakes. The usage of caves and geographical features such as crater walls as shelters would be a
third alternative to consider. Researchers in the Canary Islands are currently experimenting with driving
rovers into caves and tubes generated by volcanic lava in order to learn how to explore lunar caves.
Humans have not set foot on the Moon in decades, but preparations for establishing a base there are well
underway, and the lessons acquired from a future Moon base will assist us to explore far further,
including Mars, Europa, and other planets in the solar system. Questions 1-5
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1
In boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet, write TRUE
if the statement agrees with the information FALSE
if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN
if there is no information on this
1. In the late 1960s it seemed plausible that humanity will create a metropolis on the Moon.
2. Machines are capable of transmitting vast amounts of data about the Moon to Earth.
3. Taking humans to the Moon and safely returning them is a daunting task.
4. Solar power and lunar minerals make it possible to establish a base on the Moon.
5. On the Moon, tests are being conducted to determine the feasibility of establishing a lunar outpost. Questions 6-9
Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-G, below.
Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 6-9 on your answer sheet.
6. No supplies from Earth will be required to construct and sustain a Moon base because
7. We are aware that oxygen can be extracted from lunar rocks because
8. Hydrogen will have to be extracted from ice on the Moon because
9. We are confident that several of the techniques required to establish a Moon base will succeed because
A they could be manufactured on the Moon at a lower cost.
B this has been accomplished successfully with robots previously.
C it is relatively straightforward to replicate on the Moon.
D resources found on the Moon could be used instead.
E they have previously been subjected to testing on Earth.
F it is composed of oxygen and hydrogen.
G it will be needed to fuel vehicles and power a Moon base. Questions 10-13 Complete the summary below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from paragraph 4 for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet.
New techniques, for example, the use of mirrors to light the town of Rjukan in Norway, can be applied on
the Moon. Sunlight could be (10) __________ onto the Moon's ice to melt it. The water could then be
split into hydrogen and oxygen, and the hydrogen could be used as (11) __________. Lunar soil contains
the minerals needed to make (12) __________ to generate electricity. In order to collect sunlight during
the lunar night, these would be located at the (13) __________.
Question 17: Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE WORD for each space.
On the (1) __________ of it, studying full-time gives you the best opportunity to (2)_________ yourself
to your studies. Getting a place at a college or university is ideal because there is ready access to expert
advice from people who are (3) __________ on their subject, and an environment designed for learning
(especially if you live on (4) __________
Evening classes could be a solution. There is no shortage of scholarly or practical courses (5) _________,
which will enable you to study your choice of subject (6) __________, while still fulfilling your family or
work obligations. You may be required to (7) __________ a minimum number of lectures, (8)
_________ coursework and take exams, but these courses are often designed with much greater emphasis on home study.
When selecting an appropriate course, just make sure that the (9) __________ contains the things you are
keen to study and that the qualification you receive at the end will be in (10) __________ with what you
need. Other than that, there should be nothing standing in the way of you getting the education you want.
Question 18: Complete the sentences with appropriate forms of the words given in the box.
ILLUSTRATE MORTAL MANIPULATE CHARISMA PART HYPOCRITE FALSE CHAOS COMPLIMENT FRAUD
1. The ___________ presented in the article were clearly an attempt to provide misinformation to the public.
2. Shakespeare's remarkable and timeless poetry has served to ___________ his place in literary history.
3. The ___________ leader was treated to an extravagant celebration where the event planners pulled out all the stops.
4. Once the doors were opened, the scene unfolded ___________ as shoppers trampled on one another to get inside.
5. I'm afraid I can't be ___________ in this case; the accused is my brother-in-law.
6. An example of ___________ activity online is the use of software to automatically generate clicks,
thereby attracting advertising revenue.
7. Some critics feel it is ___________ of fast food companies to produce commercials featuring healthy
people when their product is so unhealthy.
8. Good-looking and ___________ people are known to be persuasive sellers of products.
9. Because our company sponsored the event, we were all given ___________ tickets to attend the opening night.
10. Salespeople can be very ___________, convincing you that you do, indeed, want or need something KEY Q1 1D 2A 3H 4G 5B 6F 7E Q2 1 elevated 2 properly digest 3 abdominal pain 4 severe and 5 avoiding triglycerides food debilitating triggers Q3 1B 2C 3C 4A 5D 6A 7A 8A 9C 10D Q4 1B 2C 3B 4D 5A 6B 7D 8A 9C 10D Q5 1C 2D 3D 4D 5C 6D 7A 8D 9D 10A Q6 1C 2D 3D 4C 5A 6C 7D 8C 9C 10A Q7 1D 2D 3A 4A 5B 6B 7C 8D 9C 10A Q8 1C 2D 3B 4D 5D 6B 7A 8B 9D 10D Q9 1B 2C 3D 4D 5A 6D 7C 8B 9B 10B Q10 1 waterlogged 2 mind-boggling/mind-blowing 3 untrammeled 4 claustrophobia 5 impecunious 6 pandemonium 7 disproportionately 8 objectionable 9 corollary 10 thunderstruck/dumbstruck Q11 1C 2B 3C 4B 5A Q12
1 suggested a freeze on the appointment of new
2 grateful if his teacher could cast an eye ove
3 review cannot do justice to the (excellent quality of the)
4 is that my son does not take the trouble to
5 had misgivings about employing such a young
6 product/item is exclusive to
7 try her utmost to help them by means
8 to take a hiatus that year and
9 signature song of a political campaign film of the same
10 say a word of thanks to all the people Q13 1 from > of
2 namely > named 3 a > the 4 the > a 5 flip > flipping 6 it > them 7 are > were 8 in > on 9 does > has 10 another > one Q14 1 Victorian 2 inventive
3 Jewish family 4 mathematics and 5 electricity English
6 sphygmomanometer 7 street lights safer 8 arc light 9 detonators 10 electrodes Q15 1T 2NG 3F 4NG 5T Q16 1 Not given 2 True 3 Not given 4 True 5 False 6D 7B 8G 9E 10 reflected 11 fuel 12 solar panels 13 (Moon's) poles Q17 1 face 2 apply 3 authorities 4 campus 5 available 6 matter 7 attend 8 submit/do 9 syllabus/curriculum 10 line Q18 1 falsehoods 2 immortalise 3 illustrious 4 chaotically 5 impartial 6 fraudulent 7 hypocritical 8 charismatic 9 complimentary 10 manipulative