1
NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key UNIT 1
4. Other people probably assume that Daniel’s
relationship to numbers is strange.
5. Other people might expect Daniel to be able VOCABULARY to follow a schedule. 2, page 5 1. estimate 7. predictable COMPREHENSION, page 14
2. compensate 8. interaction
1. According to Gladwell, achievement is talent 3. retain 9. sum
plus preparation. Preparation seems to play a 4. anxious 10. savant bigger role. 5. flexible 11. benefit
2. The Beatles were different from most other 6. disabled 12. image
bands because they worked harder and had more preparation.
3. Daniel Levitin says about success that 10,000 MAIN IDEAS
hours of practice is required to achieve the level
of mastery associated with being a world-class 2, page 9 expert in anything. 1. b 4. c
4. Levitin believes success takes so long to 2. c 5. b
achieve because it seems it takes the brain this 3. a 6. b
long to assimilate all that it needs to know to achieve true mastery. DETAILS, page 10 MATH 1. ability READING SKILL 2. ability 3. disability 2, pages 15-16 4. disability
1. “I memorised pi to 22,514 decimal places, and
I am technically disabled. I just wanted to show LANGUAGE
people that disability needn’t get in the way.” 1. ability
2. “There’s too much mental stimulus. I have to 2. ability
look at every shape and texture. Every price, 3. ability
and every arrangement of fruit and vegetables.
So instead of thinking,’What cheese do I want MEMORY
this week?’, I’m just really uncomfortable.” 1. ability
3. “We shared so much - our love of key dates 2. ability
from history, for instance. And our love of books.
As a child, I regularly took over a room in the SOCIAL INTERACTION
house and started my own lending library. I 1. disability
would separate out fiction and non-fiction, and 2. disability
then alphabetise them all. I even introduced a 3. disability
ticketing system. I love books so much. I’ve read
more books than anyone else I know. So I was NEED FOR ORDER
delighted when Kim wanted to meet in a library.” 1. disability
“He is such a lovely man,” “Kim says, ‘You don’t 2. disability
have to be handicapped to be different -
everybody’s different’. And he’s right.”
4. “When I looked at the numbers I ‘saw’
MAKE INFERENCES, page 11
images. It felt like a place I could go where I
Answers may vary. Suggested answers: really belonged.”
1. Others didn’t think that Daniel was a normal
person. They viewed him as some sort of oddity.
2. Others think that only people who are
handicapped or have disabilities are different.
3. Other people probably think that numbers
cannot be your friends since they are not alive.
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NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key
STEP 1: ORGANIZE, page 16
5. Social interaction is difficult for many people
R1: 1 (paragraph 4), 7 (paragraphs 7-8), 2 with ASD. (paragraph 1)
6. Scans of the brains of autistic savants
Both: 5 (R1, paragraph 4; R2, paragraph 4)
suggest the right hemisphere might compensate
R2: 3 (paragraph 3), 4 (paragraph 9), 6 for damage to the left. (paragraphs 5 & 13)
7. Autistic savants can usually retain large
amounts of information without a problem.
8. Daniel Tamett memorized pi to 22,514 REVIEW, page 17
decimal places to show people that, although he 1. interaction 7. benefit
technically has a disability, it doesn’t stop him 2. assimilate 8. emerging from being successful. 3. savant 9. anxious 4. transform 10. compensate 5. predictable 11. disabled GRAMMAR 6. expertise Bonus Word: persistence 1, page 21 1. likelihood 1, page 18 2. speculation NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB 3. necessity prediction predict predictable predictably estimate estimate estimated X 2, page 23 sum sum X X anxiety X anxious 1. b 5. d 9. e savant X X X 2. e 6. b 10. a flexibility flex flexible flexibly 3. a 7. c interaction interact interactive interactively 4. c 8. d transformation transform transformable X transformative transformed 3, page 24 retainment retain retainable X 1. benefit benefit beneficial X 1. has got to 5. should disability disable disabled X 2. must not 6. is able to 1. expertise X expert expertly 3. must 7. ought to 2. expert assimilation assimilate assimilated X 4. might 8. should not emergence emerge emerging X persistence persist persistent persistently 2. compensation compensate X 1. ought to 2. have to 3. can’t 4. must 2, pages 18-19 1. transformative 6. anxiety 2. flexibility 7. estimate WRITE 3. predictable 8. compensation / 4. persist interaction 1, page 27 5. expertise 9. emerge 1. Autistic savants
2. Autistic savants have specific abilities or skills
and they have certain limitations in other areas CREATE, pages 19-20 of life. Suggested answers:
3. All sentences relate to the ideas in the topic
1. Because I know Daniel Tammet well, how he sentence.
will react in certain situations is very predictable.
2. Many people who suffer from ASD are not 2, pages 28-29 flexible. 1. b
3. According to Gladwell it requires at least 2. a
10,000 hours to transform talent into expertise. 3. c
4. A lack of structure can make Daniel Tamett anxious.
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NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key 3, pages 29-30 4. defeated 10. hopelessness
Suggested answers. Answers will vary:
5. yearned for 11. dilapidated
1. Mozart was considered a genius because of 6. tormented
his many musical talents and abilities.
2. Scientists are interested in the roles that
nature and nurture each play in development. PREVIEW, page 38
3. Malcolm Gladwell has written another non- 1. He is in New York.
fiction bestseller, Outliers.
2. Suggested answer: Even though he was the
teacher, his students taught him a lot about the world—and himself. REVISE
3. Suggested answer: He had a successful teaching career. 1, page 31 1. F 5. F 2. F 6. F MAIN IDEAS 3. F 7. F 4. C 8. C 2, page 41
1970: Frank McCourt begins teaching at Seward 2, page 31 Park High School.
Suggested answers. Answers will vary:
1981: Frank McCourt’s mother dies.
1. Autistic savants have many extraordinary
1994: Frank McCourt begins to write his book. skills and abilities.
1996: Angela’s Ashes hits the bookstores.
2. Gladwell has written an interesting book,
1997: Angela’s Ashes receives the Pulitzer
which emphasizes the importance of hard work Prize. in achieving success.
3. Before Daniel received his counting book
when he was 4 years old, he had shown no DETAILS, page 42 interest in mathematics.
Answers will vary. Suggested answers:
5. Because Dr. Levitin says that at least 10,000 Event: Frank The McCourt’s wanted
hours of practice are needed to achieve McCourt’s family a better life, so they
success, many people never reach success. returned to Ireland. returned to Ireland.
6. The book that Kim Peek was reading the day Their life was still very
before he met Daniel Tammet at the Library in hard. Three children
Salt Lake City was about autistic savants died. The family throughout history. remained very poor
7. Many competitors prepare by practicing as and very hungry.
much as ten hours a day before the math 1949 Event: Frank Frank McCourt was 19 competition. McCourt returned to years old. He wanted the United States. to start a new life. 1970 Event: Frank He began teaching UNIT 2 McCourt began and using his past to teaching at Seward connect with his Park High School. students. His students VOCABULARY loved his stories, and as he told his stories 2, page 37 he realized how his
1. His parents had no money. His father past affected him.
abandoned the family. There was not enough 1981 Event: Frank After his mother died,
food. They had a small, old house. McCourt’s mother he realized he had no 2. He enjoyed reading. dies. excuses not to write
3. He was ashamed of his past. his memoirs. While his mother was alive, 3, page 37 McCourt chose not to 1. misery 7. sordid write about his 2. meager 8. poverty childhood out of 3. shame 9. abandonment respect for his mother.
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NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key 1994 Event: Frank He struggled to write MARLA RUNYAN (R2) McCourt began to his memoirs. It was
1. blindness, doing schoolwork write his book. very difficult at first. He 2. mother had to dig deep into
3. self-reliance, pride, feeling accountable for his past.
her success, not asking for special treatment
1996 Event: Angela’s Frank McCourt finally
4. teaching, public speaking, coaching, writing,
Ashes hit the finished his memoirs becoming an athlete bookstores. and named it Angela’s Ashes. Within weeks, it became a bestseller. REVIEW, page 50
1997 Event: Angela’s Because the book was Suggested answers:
Ashes received the so good, it won a FACING AN DEALING OVERCOMING Pulitzer Prize. major award, the OBSTACLE WITH AN AN Pulitzer Prize. Frank OBSTACLE OBSTACLE McCourt became confused expectations defeated famous. darkest inquisitiveness exalted defeated laborious free disability self-reliance paradise
MAKE INFERENCES, pages 43-44 give up struggle pride
1. confront him with criticism hopelessness yearning for 2. make a connection misery accountable
3. produced a large amount [of pages] without mortified much thought suffer
4. turned pages, but only looked at them briefly and not carefully 5. went crazy EXPAND, pages 50-51 6. obtaining the reward 1. synonym / c 6. synonym / c
7. became aware of slowly 2. antonym / a 7. antonym / b
8. work hard and not take the easy way 3. antonym / b 8. antonym / a
9. don’t copy other people’s ideas 4. antonym / b 9. synonym / c 10. equal 5. synonym / a COMPREHENSION, page 47 GRAMMAR Cross out: 1. c 4. a 1, page 52 2. b 5. c 1. teaching 3. c
2. writing about his childhood 3. reading
4. the base form of the verb + ing READING SKILL 5. to give up
6. New York University, to enroll 2, pages 48-19 7. to write 1. indistinct shapes 5. mercy 8. to inspire 2. given 6. extremely difficult
9. to + the base form of the verb 3. complete
7. someone else’s fault 4. felt free 2, page 53 a. Doing, 1 f. to be defined, 4a b. to run 6 g. to write, 5
STEP 1: ORGANIZE, page 49 c. not going, 2 h. Recounting, 1 FRANK MCCOURT (R1) d. to compete, 5 i. writing,3
1. poverty, abandonment, having to move from e. to describe, 4c j. to write, 4b
country to country, lack of education, shame 2. mother, students
3. humor, reading, writing 4. writing, teaching
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NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key 3, page 54 REVISE Suggested answers:
1. After his mother died, McCourt felt free to 1, page 58 write his memoirs. 1. c
2. Marla needs to train many months for a 2. c marathon. 3. b
3. McCourt persuades New York University to 4. b allow him to go there.
4. Marla enjoys inspiring others. 2, pages 58-59
5. McCourt worried about telling his students
1. Cross out: Her mother could her and speak.
that he hadn’t gone to high school.
Explanation: The sentence forces on her
6. The boy’s mother decided to let him
mother’s abilities, not Helen’s frustrations. skateboard.
2. Cross out: In addition, Marla has become a
7. McCourt urged his students to write. bestselling author.
8. It is hard for Marla to see the words on a
Explanation: This sentence does not focus on computer screen. how sports liberated them.
9. McCourt recalled living in Limerick.
3. Cross out: Furthermore, he lives in England.
10. Marla was able to graduate from the
Explanation: The sentence focuses on where
University of San Diego with a Master’s degree.
Steven Hawking lives, not on overcoming obstacles. WRITE UNIT 3 1, pages 56-57 Suggested answers
1. Overcoming obstacles is the topic. It is in the VOCABULARY first and third sentences.
2. The world is full of people who have 2, page 65
overcome obstacles and benefited from 1. risk factor 7. consensus overcoming them. 2. impact 8. advocate
3. Underline: For example, Greg Barton, the 3. potential 9. interpreting
1984, 1988, and 1992 U.S. Olympic medalist in
4. environment 10. reliable
kayaking, was born with a serious disability. He 5. interaction 11. linked
had club feet, his toes pointed inward, and as a 6. aspects 12. revolutionized
result, he could not walk easily. Even after a
series of operations, he still had limited mobility.
Even so, Greg was never defeated. First, he MAIN IDEAS
taught himself to walk, and even to run. Then,
he competed on his high school running team. 2, page 70
He knew, though, he would never become an
Answers will vary. Suggested answers:
Olympic runner, so he looked for other sports POSITIVE NEGATIVE
that he could play. Happily, he discovered I. Can revolutionize I. Emotional and
kayaking, a perfect sport for him because it Medicine Physical Impact
required minimal leg and foot muscles. Using his a. can prevent a. Positive result
upper body strength, he was able to master the diseases rather than can be shattering for
sport. Finally, after many years of training and just treat them patient and family.
perseverance, Greg made the 1984 Olympic b. quality of life is b. Positive result team. better can lead to risky,
These sentences tell how Greg Barton unhealthy decisions.
overcame his obstacles and benefited by II. Information is II. Invasion of Privacy overcoming them.
empowering for patient a. may threaten
4. The concluding sentence is: In short, even a. can change employment and
though that road was paved with obstacles, he lifestyle insurance
was able to overcome them and achieve the b. can choose impossible. appropriate treatment It summarizes the paragraph. plan
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NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key III. Results are not
A few months later: Cousins was able to walk always reliable using a brace IV. Professional
Soon after that: Cousins was able to return to interpretation is not work required
A few years later: Cousins reached full a.Patient may recovery interpret test results 1990: Cousins died incorrectly. b. There are other
STEP 1: ORGANIZE, page 76 risk factors in addition
Genetic Testing (R1): expensive, used in a to genes.
response to potential or existing illness, based
on a cutting edge science, used to prevent and
treat, provides information about the body, DETAILS, pages 70-71
results are difficult to interpret and can be easily 1. h 5. b 9. g
misinterpreted, results may involve family 2. k 6. j 10. i members 3. e 7. d 11. f
Both new technique, medical choice, does not 4. a 8. c
have to involve a doctor, is becoming part of standard medical care
Laughter Therapy (R2): little cost, used in
MAKE INFERENCES, pages 71-72
response to existing illness, based on Cousins’
Answers will vary. Suggested answers:
reading about mind-body interaction, used as
Nate, Kristen’s brother: Neutral
treatment only, changes body chemistry, results
Kristen’s father: Very Strong
are easy to interpret, results involve the patient
Brenda Finucane: Neutral only Robert Green: Strong Betsy Bank Saul: Weak Ardis Dee Hoven: Strong REVIEW, pages 77-78 David Agus: Very Strong 1. revolutionize 8. consult 2. advocates 9. linked 3. potential 10. environment COMPREHENSION, page 74 4. risk factors 11. interaction
Answers will vary. Suggested answers: 5. impact 12. consensus
1. He was diagnosed with a very serious form of 6. skeptical 13. alternative
arthritis. He decided to fight the disease. 7. reliable 14. conventional
2. If negative emotions bring negative changes
to the body, positive emotions should bring
positive changes. Laughter has a positive EXPAND therapeutic value.
3. Watching funny movies and reading funny 1, page 78
books are examples of laugh therapy. 1. S 6. S 11. S
4. He was able to overcome his disease. 2. D 7. D 12. D 3. D 8. S 13. S READING SKILL 4. D 9. S 14. S 5. S 10. D 15. S 2, page 75
Sometime before the summer of 1964: 2, pages 78-79
Cousins read the work of organic chemist Hans 1. impact 5. alternative
Selye, The Stress of Life 2. interpret 6. elicit
Summer 1964: Cousins becomes ill 3. treatment 7. diagnosis
Later in the summer of 1964: Cousins was 4. disagreement
diagnosed with a severe form of arthritis and
started his Laughter Therapy program
8 days later: Cousins’ pain decreased, he was
able to sleep better, and his body chemistry improved.
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NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key GRAMMAR 2, page 86
Answers may vary. Suggested answers: 1, pages 79-80 THREE PARTS OF NOTES 1. T / F AN ESSAY 2. T / T 3. F / T I. Introduction I. Background Information: 2, pages 81-82 Thesis Statement: Grandparents suffering 1. F / F 5. T / T From this personal from Huntington’s 2. F / F 6. F / T perspective, I disease 3. F / T 7. T / T believe that home 4. T / F 8. F / F genetic testing Well educated with should be much Master’s degree in 3, page 82 more strictly biology
1. If she hadn’t chosen the correct treatment regulated, if not
plan, she might not have felt better. prohibited all
2. If Kristen Powers hadn’t always wanted all the together.
information available, she wouldn’t have chosen II. Body Paragraph II. Body Paragraph 1 to be genetically tested. 1
3. If Norman Cousins hadn’t read The Stress of Support/Evidence:
Life by Hans Seyle, he wouldn’t have had some Topic: Devastating Co-workers experience
ideas about the mind-body connection when he effects of home -Without professional
was diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis. genetic testing interpretation led to
4. If Norman Cousins hadn’t been sick, He feelings of impending
wouldn’t have tried to cure himself by using tragedy
Laughter Therapy. OR If Norman Cousins hadn’t -Retesting by doctor led
tried to cure himself by using Laughter Therapy, to correct medication
he wouldn’t have made a complete recovery. and lifestyle changes
5. If David Agus hadn’t had a genetic test, he Body Paragraph 2 Body Paragraph 2
wouldn’t have found out that he was at risk for
cardiovascular disease. OR If David Agus hadn’t Topic: Genetic test Support/Evidence:
had a genetic test and found out that he was at results are not -Genetic testing is in its
risk for cardiovascular disease, his children infallible nor infancy and even
wouldn’t have made him change his diet. definitive professionals don’t
6. If Kristen’s mom hadn’t contacted her understand interaction
biological father, she might not have learned that between genes
Huntington’s disease ran in their family. -False positives
7. If Norman Cousins had been satisfied with his -False negatives
doctor’s treatment plan, he wouldn’t have -Environmental factors
developed his own Laughter Therapy treatment are not taken into account
PREPARE TO WRITE, page 83 III. Conclusion KNOWLEDGE IS POWER
Restate the Thesis: If we, as a society, truly Change lifestyle
believe that genetic testing has more benefits Consider different treatments
than negative effects, it is our responsibility to
regulate it, so all testing includes counseling and PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS
interpretation by professionals.
Positive test results may cause feelings of doom
Final Thought/Wrap Up: Remember, the key is
MISINTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
that to truly be able to make the best medical
Without consultation with doctor, patient may
choices, medical professionals need to be make incorrect decisions involved in any decision.
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NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key REVISE READING SKILL 2, page 87 2, page 104 Check: 1, 3, 6, 7
1. (Paragraph 4) The problem is that we often
look for human traits when we study animal
behaviour. But what may be clever for us UNIT 4
needn’t be a viable attribute in other members of the animal kingdom.
2. (Paragraphs 16 and 17) The British scientists VOCABULARY, pages 92-93
point out that the bees beat the babies in a 1. controversy 7. apparently
learning test because the lab tested 2. category 8. perception
characteristics that bees have been perfecting 3. behavior 9. unique
during aeons of evolutionary development. 4. obvious 10. approach
In comparisons of intelligence among species 5. unconscious 11. acquired
it’s hard to avoid dealing trump cards to one 6. cognition 12. achieve species or another.
3. (Paragraph 20) With more emphasis on a
bottom-up method, they would study the MAIN IDEAS
species’ neural networks in attempts to perceive
what uses these networks can have. 2, page 97
4. (Paragraph 23) This [investigations of their Main Ideas: 2, 5, 8
brains’ neural circuitry] has contributed toward
answering questions about whether some of our
human qualities can also exist in other species DETAILS, page 98
and help lay the groundwork for better 1. f 5. a comparisons. 2. c 6. g 3. d 7. e 4. b
STEP 1: ORGANIZE, page 105 R1 R2 WHAT IS Using Diverse
MAKE INFERENCES, pages 98-99 INTELLIGENCE? extreme meanings
Answers may vary. Suggested answers: perception to for different
1. “apparently,” “most” / The predictions are not invent jobs. species
proven. It is only what Ms. Standley reports. It is (Recognizing
also not clear whether these dogs were trained something
as seizure alert dogs. The use of “most” is and then
vague. Again, there is no documentation. deciding to
2. “thought” / It is based on von Osten’s belief, act.) not on proof.
3. “wasn’t really” / Hans was counting but not in PROBLEMS Using human Looking for
the way people thought he was counting. WITH standards human
4. “believe,” “obvious,” “as far as I’m concerned,” ASSESSING (Clever Hans traits and
“think” / This is the author’s opinion and it may ANIMAL can count qualities not be shared by everyone. INTELLIGENCE he is smart; (the use of
5. “to my knowledge,” (not) “hugely,” “some,” He is not tools)
“think” / This is the author’s opinion and she really Brain
admits that it may be based on incomplete counting weight of knowledge. he is a dumb mammals animal) For humans,
COMPREHENSION, pages 102-103 intelligence 1. a 4. a is linked to 2. c 5. a language, 3. b 6. c but we can’t
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NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key understand
assessing animal intelligence. Because for animal
humans, intelligence is so linked to language, language
the fact that we don’t understand animal (dolphins)
language makes it very hard to accurately assess their intelligence. OTHER Forensic Bees:
R: Are all of these apparently amazing things ABILITIES VS. dogs: Instinct
that animals are capable of doing really a sign of INTELLIGENCE Extreme
intelligence or are there other explanations for perception their actions? Clever Hans:
TG: Sometimes there is. For example, forensic Learned
dogs that work at airports looking for explosives reflexes
or illegal drugs aren’t really showing intelligence.
They are just using extreme perception to signal
items they have been trained to point out. They
STEP 2: SYNTHESIZE, pages 106-107
don’t have any idea that these things are bad or
Answers will vary. Suggested answers:
dangerous, just that they are rewarded to find
Reporter: Today we lucky to have with us two them.
animal experts, Temple Grandin and Gita
GS: Yes, similarly a recent test of intelligence
Simonsen. They are both especially interested in
across species (including humans) found bees
the question of animal intelligence. Ms. Grandin,
to be smarter than all other species including
how would you define animal intelligence?
humans. However, the explanation might not be
Temple Grandin: Let me start by saying that
intelligence, but rather it was their instinct that
many people confuse extreme perception with
allowed them to outscore everyone on the test.
intelligence. Many animals have extreme
R: Thank you both very much. I am afraid we
perception at least compared to humans, but
have run out of time. I know I have learned a lot
that alone doesn’t make them intelligent. I think
and I am sure our viewers have, too. Thanks
seizure alert dogs are a good example of animal again.
intelligence because they use their extreme
perception to figure out when someone is going
to have a seizure. This is not something they REVIEW, page 108
need to do or have been taught to do, but R1
something that they choose to do. This is what 1. achieve assess accomplish attain shows intelligence. 2. acquire obtain need gain 3. apparently seemingly allegedly visually
Gita Simonsen: I definitely agree that seizure 4. approach method attempt procedure
alert dogs are showing intelligence, but, in my 5. behavior ability action conduct
opinion, intelligence in animals differs from 6. category section group aspect species to species. 7. cognition understanding instinct intelligence 8. consensus disagreement debate
R: How can animal intelligence be assessed? controversy
TG: One problem that we have in assessing 9. obvious clear evident possible
animal intelligence is that we too often use 10. thought awareness observation perception human standards. 11. cautious involuntary unintentional
GS: Yes, I agree. For example, those animals unconscious
that are able to imitate human behavior and 12. unique singular normal solitary
show human-like traits are thought to be R2 intelligent. 13. confront remind challenge present 14. discern differentiate figure out dislike
TG: In the case of the “counting” horse, Clever 15. sensory auditory visual habitual
Hans, many people judged him to be intelligent 16. trait characteristic path feature
when they thought he was able to correctly solve 17. viable usable applicable achievable
mathematical problems. However, as soon as
they realized that he was getting unconscious
cues from the audience, he was considered a
“dumb” animal. I don’t agree with them. I think
Clever Hans was showing intelligence because
he was able invent a job for himself.
GS: That’s a good point. However, let me say
one more thing about the problems with
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NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key EXPAND, pages 108-109 1 2 3 4 5 6 ROOT MEANING READING WORD MEANING OTHER and WORDS PARAGRAPH WITH THE SAME ROOT 1. Mind R1-6 psychologist Someone Psychic psych- who is trained to study the mind 2.
know/learn R1-2, 10 cognition understanding; cognizant cogni- R2- 3, 13 recognizing/ identifying/ recognize identify; cognitive relating to thought 3. dict- say/tell R1-2 predict to say dictation something will happen 4. act- do R1-10 actions something actor R2-25 active done; busy, doing something 5. taken R1-2 perceptual relating to misconception cept- R2-14 concepts perception; idea 6. number R2-23 numerous many numeral numer- 7. nov- new R1-2 novel new novice 8. feeling R1-4 sense feeling about sens- R2-3 sensory something; relating to sensation 9. one R1-3 percent an amount century cent- hundred equal to a particular number of parts in every 100 parts 10. know R1-6 unconscious unintentional; scientist sci- R2-7 sciences study of physical world 11. nerve R2-20 neural of nerves neuron neur- 2, pages 110-111 GRAMMAR
1. incorrect / corrections: in which
2. correct / alternative: in which 1, PAGE 110
3. incorrect / corrections: which/that 1. that humans lack
4. incorrect / correction: whose
2. a person about to have a seizure
5. correct / alternative: that
3. the afternoon he was able to figure out how
6. correct / alternative: which
Clever Hans was able to answer the questions
7. incorrect / corrections: who/that
4. that, who, when / nouns
8. incorrect / corrections: in which/where
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NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key 3, pages 112-113
Answers will vary. Suggested answers:
Answers will vary. Suggested answers:
5. Clever Hans really was intelligent, even if he
1. Cleve Hans was trained by a retired school
couldn’t count, because he was able to train
teacher who had taught science for many years. himself to appear to count.
2. The afternoon when Cleve Hans was ready to
6. Animals that recognize things and choose to
perform in front of an audience was cold and
act on them are showing true intelligence. rainy.
3. Binti the gorilla is best known for an amazing
incident which / that occurred on August 16, REVISE 1996.
4. I spoke with a man who / that had trained 1, pages 119-120 dolphins and killer whales.
Answers will vary. Suggested answers:
5. Psychologists study many animals which /
1. We shouldn’t just look for human traits when that live in zoos.
studying animal intelligence because they are
6. I saw my friend whose dog could predict
not a good indicator of true animal intelligence. seizures before they started.
2. Bøckman feels that until we can understand
7. We saw the dolphin which / that performed
animal language we cannot assess their some spectacular feats.
intelligence because of the connection for us
8. The psychologist who developed a new test
between intelligence and language.
for animal intelligence had studied at the
3. Many studies focusing on the neural circuitry
University of Berlin. OR The psychologist who
in the brain are helping scientists to better
had studied at the University of Berlin developed
compare traits across species including “human
a new test for animal intelligence. like” traits in animals.
9. The morning when the dogs saved Mrs. Standley was sunny ands hot.
10. The contraband which / that was discovered UNIT 5
by the forensic dog was in an old brown suitcase. VOCABULARY, pages 124-125 1. b 5. c 9. b WRITE 2. a 6. b 10. a 3. b 7. c 11. b 1, pages 115-116 4. c 8. a 12. c
1. Gita Simonsen is the author of the article How Smart are Animals?
2. Scientists are facing problems in assessing MAIN IDEAS animal intelligence.
3. Tests are based on the animals ability to 2, page 130
imitate human behavior, on proportional brain
Answers will vary. Suggested answers:
weight, tests are assumed to be flawed if
Marriage: Marriage is not seen as a lifelong
humans do not come out on top, and the small
commitment. People assume they will have
size of some animal brains makes it hard to
many marriages to a wide variety of people who study neural pathways.. will enhance their lives.
4. Simonsen concludes that scientists need to
Family structure / Relationships: Because
develop better tools, methods and theories for
people live for hundreds of years there can be
comparing the brain skills in different species,
10 or 20 generations of the family living at the but we are well on our way. same time.
Careers: People will change their careers many 2, pages 116-117
times and their careers will be vastly different. 1. a
Longevity: No one seems to know how long the 2. b
human lifespan can be with the Process, but so 3. b
far, no one has died in the 400 years since the 4. a Process was invented.
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NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key DETAILS, page 131 3. c
Answers will vary. Suggested answers:
Evidence: He says he wants the marriage to go TOPIC MARILISA LEO on forever. MARRIAGE First marriage Has been 4. c married
Evidence: She thinks from time to time of the Assumes she’ll seven times.
men she will marry after she and Leo have gone be married
their separate ways. Perhaps she’ll stay with again to a
Leo for ten years, perhaps for fifty. No one stays variety of men.
married forever. Fifteen, twenty years, that’s the FAMILY Has to deal Has great
usual. Sixty or seventy tops. She even has STRUCTURE/ with multiple relationships
thought about the jobs of her future husbands. RELATIONSH stepchildren, with all of 5. a IPS much older his ex-wives
Evidence: Marilisa is disturbed by the idea of than her, and and
having the same husband for hundreds of years, ex wives. children.
but, at the same time, is disturbed by the idea of CAREERS Has not yet Has had at
having many different husbands. She also chosen a least fifteen
worries about the “vast amount of time” that is in career, but or twenty front of her. knows she has careers, all lots of time to of them very decide and that different. READING SKILL she will have the opportunity Does this so 2, page 137 to have many he always
Answers will vary. Suggested answers: careers. has a
1. Will a doubled lifespan cause overpopulation? challenge—
What benefits will come from a doubled doesn’t get lifespan? bored.
2. How will marriage and family be affected by a LONGEVITY Has had her Faithfully longer lifespan? first Prep, but does his
Will people stay married to the same person has not yet Process and
their whole lives or have multiple marriages? undergone the has been
3. At what age will people retire? Process. alive for
Will there be enough jobs for young people? almost four Sees an hundred unlimited future years. STEP 1: ORGANIZE, page 138
Answers will vary. Suggested answers: Still vigorous EFFECT and Marriage Positive Marriage Negative youthful. Effect Effect R1 you will be able to R1 extremely large have many different age difference
MAKE INFERENCES, pages 131-133 and interesting between spouses
Answers will vary. Suggested answers: spouses 1. c
Evidence: She didn’t look a day over thirty and
R2 you won’t feel you R2 multiple brief
was constantly around. In addition, Leo still was have to stay in a marriages
fond of her. He thought Katrin and Marilisa could loveless marriage out
become friends, but Marilisa thought that would of inertia be very difficult. 2. b Careers Positive Careers Negative
Evidence: He winks and laughs at her and Effect Effect
jokes about being able to play with her when
R1 you can “reinvent” R1 no negative effects Leo is done with her. yourself by changing careers and finding a fresh challenge
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use. 13
NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key R2 economic R2 fewer job openings; productivity will go up; corporations and Toward Immortality you can try different universities will Suffixes Example Definition Example careers stagnate without from Text or of a New youthful talent and Synonym Adjective ideas with the Family Structure Family Structure Same Positive Effect Negative Effect Suffix R1 No positive effects R1 have to deal with Paragraphs 1– multiple ex-wives / 2 husbands and -al personal individual minimal stepchildren Paragraphs 3– R2 more quality time R2 large age 4
with loved ones; watch difference in siblings -ic emphatic forceful narcotic future generations would create different -ical practical sensible tropical grow up set of social Paragraphs 5– relationships 7 -less loveless without love homeless -ing remaining still left smoking REVIEW, page 139 Paragraphs
Answers may vary. Suggested answers: 10–13 Positive Negative Neutral -ly inevitably Without happily awesome chilly disparate doubt fond impetuous immeasurably -ed limited restricted skilled punctually insufferable inevitably -some worrisome troublesome awesome vigorous loveless tolerable -ant constant steady elegant emphatic presumptuous ultimately -ful youthful young hopeful worrisome utterly radically GRAMMAR EXPAND, pages 139-141 1, page 142
Answers in the last column may vary. Suggested
1. Yes, it happened three years ago. answers:
2. No, he has been an architect . . . not he is. Death Do Us Part
3. Yes, they are still searching because the verb Death Do us Part
is in the continuous form, searching, and the Suffixes Example Definition Example of from Text or a New
sentence states since the beginning of recorded Synonym Adjective
history, which is when they started searching. with the
4. simple past in a, present perfect in b, and Same Suffix
present perfect continuous in c. Paragraphs 1-2 -ing shimmering sparkling speeding 2, pages 144-145 -ive impulsive impetuous active
1. have been searching 8. discussed Paragraphs 2. has been 9. has been doing 3-5 3. have not been 10. have had -able insufferable intolerable comfortable -al ideal perfect Traditional 4. took 11. have enjoyed Paragraphs 5. attended 12. completed 6-15
6. didn’t actually start 13. has been working -ent Ancient very old different 7. have gone -ous serious sincere curious Paragraphs 26-33 -ible permissible allowable invisible -ic romantic passionate emphatic Paragraphs 34-38 -y misty foggy dirty
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NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key 3, page 146 UNIT 6 1. has met 6. have been studying 2. visited 7. have figured 3. has had 8. attended VOCABULARY 4. has been talking 9. has been doing 5. met 10. has written 1, page 156 1. decision 7. sell 2. modestly 8. boring WRITE 3. pride 9. appreciate
4. amusement 10. saddened 1, pages 148-149 5. uncertain 11. respond
1. Circle: My life has been an endless roller 6. order 12. scared
coaster ride filled with immeasurable happiness and sadness. 2, pages 156-158
2. The next paragraphs will probably be about
1. donate / challenge / manage this happiness and sadness.
Reasons: personal; medical research
3. TOUCH: shakes awake
2. passion / thrilled / inspired
SMELL: bitter coffee, burnt toast
Reasons: environmental and personal
SIGHT: alarm robot, meteor shower
3. passion / satisfaction / inspired
TASTE: sour milk, bitter coffee
Reasons: religious and personal SOUND: loud crack 4. proposal / devoting
Reasons: mandatory and personal
5. admiring / determined REVISE
Reasons: political and personal 1, page 150
His home is being compared to a lonely cloud MAIN IDEAS because it floats in the sky. 2, page 162
His punctuality is being compared to a Swiss
Answers will vary. Suggested answers:
watch because a Swiss watch is precise and 2, 3, 5 dependable. 2, page 150 DETAILS
Paragraph 1: Waterfalls are being compared to
Answers will vary. Suggested answers:
cascades of diamonds because they shimmer. THE BENEFITS OF EXAMPLE OF JUSTIN
Paragraph 2: Leo is being compared to a boy COMMUNITY LEBO because he looks so young. SERVICE
Paragraph 34: Unknown husbands are being Encourages people to Justin spent his free
compared to swords that fall between Marilisa use their free time time in the summer
and Leo because they will destroy her marriage. constructively. making bicycles for the children at the 3, page 151 Kilbarchan Home for
The metaphor is They are vague chilly Boys.
phantoms. She uses this metaphor because Opens volunteers’ Justin built bikes for all
both her unknown future husbands and eyes to the great kinds of people in need:
phantoms are not real and they are scary like variety of people in women in a women’s ghosts. need by providing shelter, people with opportunities to meet AIDS, and people in a 4, page 151 new and different housing project.
An example of personification is: The words types of people.
skewer her. She uses this personification One successful Justin continued to
because hearing the words hurts, as it would community service build bikes after the
hurt if something sharp were pressed into a experience leads to Kilbarchin project. person. performing other services.
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NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key Volunteers learn they Justin learned that his READING SKILL can help solve real bikes helped fulfill the social problems and needs of the boys at 2, page 168 needs. Kilbarchin and the other
Some Take the Time Gladly people who received Paragraph and Persuasive words that them. number of words or evoke negative Helps people to find Justin found out he phrases emotions
out who they are, what could take on a big 1 (2) grumble
their interests are, and project and complete it. indignation what they are good at. He found out he was 2 (1) resistant good at rebuilding 7 (1) frustrating bikes. 9 (2) ridiculous opposing
MAKE INFERENCES, page 163
Problems with Mandatory Volunteering 1. a 4. b Paragraph and Persuasive words that 2. b 5. c number of words evoke negative 3. c emotions COMPREHENSION, page 167 1 (1) terrible
Answers will vary. Suggested answers: 3 (5) not a good FOR AGAINST worse MANDATORY MANDATORY resentful VOLUNTEERING VOLUNTEERING not want negative 1. Constructive 1. Volunteering is way to spend time. a personal 5 (2) oxymoron choice. opposed 2. It’s an extracurricular
STEP 1: ORGANIZE, page 169 activity (personal
JUSTIN LEBO (R1) choice). Paragraph Issue 2. Gets kids 3. Many students 22 Dedication to work involved in the already 23 Time commitment community. volunteer. 24 Personal enrichment 3. Some people 4. Students may would not know become resentful
SOME TAKE THE TIME GLADLY (R2) how great an and never Paragraph Issue experience volunteer again. 2 Time commitment volunteering is 5 Personal enrichment unless it were
PROBLEMS WITH MANDATORY required.
VOLUNTEERING (R2) 5. Many students Paragraph Issue don’t have time. 2 Personal choice, 6. The quality of Dedication to work work can suffer. 3 Personal choice, Time commitment 4 Time commitment
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NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key REVIEW
5. supports / Supporters believe mandatory
volunteering can benefit the community despite 2, page 171
the fact that critics feel that mandatory 1. donations 7. opposition
volunteers may do a bad job and therefore 2. inspired 8. pride cause more harm than good. 3. passionate 9. admired 4. challenge 10. fulfilling 5. proposed 11. indignant WRITE 6. resentful 1, pages 180-181
1. He / She is against cutting school sports. EXPAND, pages 172-173
2. Arguments to Cut School Sports: low team 1. a 5. c 9. c
participation, low audience participation, high 2. b 6. c 10. b cost 3. c 7. c
3. Counter Arguments: many teams have high 4. b 8. b
participation numbers so cut back on number of
teams, audience participation numbers are not
the only way to measure student support and GRAMMAR
interest there is a devoted fan base; sports help
spread school spirit, cost is worth the long term 1, page 176 benefits
1. He chose to work on bikes and donate them.
4. Answers will vary.
They learn to love it and continue after the
5. Answers will vary.
school requirements are fulfilled.
It is a good idea to get students to go out into the community. REVISE
2. The concessions introduce a negative opinion. 1, page 184
3. No. If the sentence starts with a concession, Introduction 1
there is a comma. If the concession is in the
Thesis: It is important to support the proposal
middle of the sentence, there is no comma.
for a mandatory community service program so
4. The other clauses express the writer’s main
that young people will learn the value of giving to idea.
others. / Technique 1 2, pages 177-178 Introduction 2
1. supports / Supporters of mandatory
Thesis: This is why I support a program of
volunteering say it is a good way for students to
mandatory community service in our university. /
get valuable experience even though they are Technique 3 not paid.
2. supports / Critics of mandatory volunteering Introduction 3
maintain that a school should not require a
Thesis: A mandatory community service
student to do anything after school except
program in our school will give students a
homework, though they say that volunteering is
valuable experience and also help solve
better than just sitting around watching TV or
important problems in our community. / playing video games. Technique 2
3. supports / Although opponents argue that
volunteering is a personal choice, and so it 3, pages 185-186
shouldn’t be mandatory, supporters note that Conclusion 1
schools have many required classes that may
Restatement of thesis: I believe that if students
not be a student’s personal choice.
try volunteering, many of them will discover that
4. opposes / Critics worry that a bad
community service can be an enjoyable and
volunteering experience will stop people from
rewarding experience. / Technique 3
volunteering again in the future in spite of the
fact that supporters maintain that most student Conclusion 2
volunteers have successful experiences and
Restatement of thesis: Isn’t this called a win-
many continue to volunteer later in life.
win situation? / Technique 2
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NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key
software allowed him to take note of those that Conclusion 3 generated the most discussion.
Restatement of thesis: Last year I started 5. F/ paragraph 7
tutoring an elementary school student whose
Rewrite: The participants were six to eight
parents don’t speak English. At first, he was
students from around the world including some
resentful that he had to stay after school and do from Princeton.
more schoolwork. Truthfully, it was also hard for 6. F/ paragraph 9
me knowing he did not want to be there. But as
Rewrite: His audience became as visible to him
the year progressed, I got to know him and the
as the students in a traditional lecture hall as he
kind of books he liked to read. He began to look
got to know them by sampling their comments
forward to our weekly sessions and was eager
on the forums and in the live, seminar-style
to see what books I had brought for him. Now discussions.
we are not just reading friends but we are real
7. T/ paragraph 11
friends. I know I have made a difference in his
8. F/ paragraph 13
life and he has certainly made a difference in
Rewrite: Professor Duneier’s next online course
mine. / Technique 1 will be in February. UNIT 7
MAKE INFERENCES, pages 196-197 1. Concerned 2. Very concerned VOCABULARY 3. Very concerned 4. Very concerned 2, page 191 5. Somewhat concerned
1. anticipation 7. collaboration 6. Not very concerned 2. diversity 8. analyze 7. Not very concerned 3. crucial 9. significantly 8. Somewhat concerned 4. issue 10. via 9. Concerned 5. virtual 11. subsequent
6. assumption 12. enhance COMPREHENSION, page 201
1. Tommy discovers a book, which is important
because they no longer existed at that time; all MAIN IDEAS
reading is done from a computer screen.
2. Margie is excited about the discovery. 2, PAGES 194-195
3. Margie thinks they had fun in the “old days.” 1. b
4. Answer will vary. Possible answer: He may 2. c
fear that books would disappear. 3. a READING SKILL DETAILS, PAGE 195 2, page 202 1. T / paragraph 2 15 Margie 29 Margie 2. F/ paragraph 5 16 Tommy 30 Tommy
Rewrite: Within a few hours of the first class 17 Margie 31 Margie
having ended, it was obvious from the number of 18 Tommy 32 Margie’s mother
comments and questions that students were 19 Margie 33 Margie interested. 20 Tommy
34 Margie’s mother (Mrs. Jones) 3. F/ paragraph 4 21 Margie 35 Margie
Rewrite: The fact that professor Duneier 22 Tommy 36 Tommy
recorded his lectures in an empty classroom 23 Margie 37 Narrator
made it difficult because there was no audience 24 Tommy
38 The mechanical teacher
to provide crucial interpersonal cues. 25 Margie 39 Narrator 4. F/ paragraph 6 26 Tommy 40 Narrator
Rewrite: Although it was impossible to answer 27 Margie
41 The mechanical teacher
all the student comments and questions, the 28 Tommy 42 Narrator
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NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key
STEP 1: ORGANIZE, page 202 5. adjust 13. analyze READING READING
6. collaboration 14. dispute ONE TWO 7. virtual 15. disappointed 1. Is Yes. A human Yes. A 8. diversity 16. overall there a teacher who mechanical teacher? If teaches via the teacher. yes, describe Internet. EXPAND, page 205 the teacher. NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB 2. Where Anywhere In a special adjustment adjust (well) X does the there is an room in the adjustability adjusted “school” take internet house. adjustable place? connection. analysis analyze analyzable X 3. When Whenever the At the same anticipation anticipate anticipated X anticipative does “class” student has time every assumption assume assumed X take place? free time. day except assumable Once a week Saturday and collaboration collaborate collaborative collaboratively there are live Sunday. X X crucial crucially on-line chats. disappointme disappoint disappointing disappointingl nt disappointed y 4. Are Yes. The No. dispute dispute disputed X students teacher and diversity diversify diverse diversely exposed to a classmates. enhancement enhance enhancing X variety of enhanced academic issue issue X X sector X X X opinions? significance signify significant significantly 5. What They can meet The county X X subsequent subsequently options are in face-to-face inspector can X X virtual virtually there for study groups adjust the students who or post mechanical don’t questions in teacher. GRAMMAR understand or forums. who need 1, page 207 more support?
1. Direct speech has commas and quotation 6. When They can With marks. and where do socialize via neighbors,
2. The verb tenses used in direct speech will students forums after school
change in indirect speech. For example, simple socialize with whenever they time and
present in direct speech will change to simple friends or are on-line or during
past in indirect speech. In addition, pronouns classmates? in face-to-face breaks.
and possessives change to keep speaker’s study groups.
original meaning. The word that may also be 7. What It was an They don’t added in indirect speech. do the incredible like it. students experience 2, pages 209-210 and/or teacher and created an 1. c 5. b think about the indescribable 2. a 6. a learning emotional 3. b 7. c experience? relationship 4. c with classmates 3, page 210
1. Tommy said that his father knew as much as his teacher. REVIEW, pages 203-204
2. The inspector told Margie’s mother that he
1. anticipation 9. enhanced
thought the geography sector had been a little
2. assumption 10. significantly too difficult. 3. crucial 11 sector
3. He added that he’d slowed it up to a ten-year 4. via 12. issue level.
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NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key
4. Tommy said that was the old kind of school 3, pages 219-220
that they had had hundreds and hundreds of
Answers may vary. Suggested answers: years before. 1.
I am taking five courses this semester. I
5. Margie told Tommy that her mother said a
am happy with all my teachers. However, my
teacher had to be adjusted to fit the mind of
English and history teachers are definitely my each boy and girl it taught.
favorites. They are both extremely enthusiastic
6. Tommy told Margie that she could read the
and knowledgeable about their subjects. For
book with him again the next day.
example, my English teacher, Mr. Dadio, has
recently received an award for his teaching.
Similarly, my history teacher, Ms. Mantell, also WRITE
clearly knows her subject. In fact, she has
written history textbooks that are being used by 2, pages 214-215
many school systems. They both have good 1. Point by Point
senses of humor. Mr. Dadio likes to joke with the 2. Block
students, which helps us relax. In the same way, 3. Point by Point
Ms. Mantell’s witty comments also help reduce
the stress many students feel because of our
school’s demanding curriculum. Both teachers REVISE
insist that we work hard, and we do. However,
the type of work that they give is different. Mr. 1, page 216
Dadio expects us to read complete novels in
1. similar: while, in the same way
only a couple of days, and he grades us on our
different: in contrast, whereas
essays comparing the characters or plots. In
2. the amount of time spent in class, teachers,
contrast, Ms. Mantell expects us to read a
availability of teachers, expectations about
chapter every two classes, and, instead of homework
grading us on papers, she gives us tests are that
are usually short answer or multiple-choice 2, pages 217-218
questions. Despite their differences, they are
1. MOOC students are taught and submit papers both excellent teachers.
via the internet; Likewise, Tommy and Margie 2.
Each new level of education brings new
also are taught via the computer.
challenges and demands to students. Moving
2. Professor Duneier liked the MOOC’s course
from high school into college can be especially
delivery method in the same way the MOOC
difficult because of the freedom students
students were excited about the new use of
experience in college along with a new set of educational technology. expectations.
3. Professor Duneier wasn’t sure he could
In high school students usually live at
effectively teach his students. Similarly, Margie
home and their parents take care of all their
doubted a man could teach effectively.
physical needs such as food and housing.
4. Margie wanted to go to a traditional school; on
Students do not usually have to shop for their
the other hand, students today are tired of
food, take time to pay bills, or even do their own
traditional school and want to incorporate
laundry. Parents are also there to help with and
distance learning in their education.
make sure that the student’s homework is done.
5. Many of Professor Duneier’s MOOC students
During the school day, students rarely have free
chose his course instead of a traditional
time. They go directly from one class to the
sociology course. In contrast, for other students,
other. Teachers are always around to tell the
the choice was his MOOC or no sociology
students what to do. Finally, the work itself is not course at all.
so challenging. Students can often complete
6. While The Fun They Had describes the future
their homework and reading in a short time.
as it was imagined in 1951, “Teaching the World
On the other hand, in college, Students
from Central New Jersey” describes a present
often live away from home in dorms or
that may seem futuristic to some people.
apartments. They may be responsible for
shopping, paying bills and laundry. They also
may have to cook their own meals. Their parents
are not around to help with homework or even to
check that it has been done. In contrast to
students in high school, students in college may
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NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key
have a lot of free time between classes, but
as anything that disrupts your work or family life.
must discipline themselves to use this time
In this case smartphone use could be seen as
productively for homework and other
an addiction. Still others say it is a dysfunction
assignments. Most importantly, college requires not an addiction.
a higher level of thinking and a lot more work
Part III: Because smartphones provide an than high school.
almost continuous stream of messages and 3.
My old school in Lima was very small.
alerts as well as easy access to compelling
On the other hand, my school In New York is
information sources. They create an
gigantic. There were only about 75 students in
environment of almost constant interruptions
my Lima school, and we all knew each other
and distractions. Because of this, we are not
well. The teachers knew every student by name.
able to maintain our attention, to engage in
In contrast, in New York there are over 1400
contemplation and reflection, or even to be
students, and the immense halls are filled with alone with our thoughts.
unfamiliar faces, male and female. However, My
Part IV: You can be conscious, strong, and
school in Lima was only for boys; girls went to
disciplined. You should also take “predictable
another school. In Lima, we spoke only Spanish
time off”. Another solution is to slowly wean
at school while here we mostly speak English
yourself off email, web browsing, and social
but sometimes Spanish. The teachers in Lima media.
were very good and always were able to answer
any question that we had. Likewise, in New York
the teachers are also excellent. Use of DETAILS, pages 231-233
technology is another difference between the 1. c 5. a 9. a
two schools. We had very little technology in 2. a 6. b 10. b
Lima. There were only a couple of computers in 3. b 7. c
the whole school, and students rarely got to use 4. c 8. b
them. In contrast, in New York, every student is
given a laptop at the beginning of ninth grade,
and assignments are posted on class websites.
MAKE INFERENCES, pages 233-235
In fact, I often email my homework and
Answers will vary. Suggested answers:
questions to teachers. I like school in New York,
1. Smartphones can cause people to be rude.
but sometimes I miss the intimacy of my old
This shows that according to his definition, school.
smartphones are not truly addictive because
they only satisfy one part of his definition, the
harmful impact on your life. He does not talk UNIT 8 about any physical withdrawal.
2. Smartphones create bad habits.
This is not just the author’s opinion, but is
VOCABULARY, pages 226-227 substansciated by research. 1. b 5. b 9. a
3. Smartphones make our thinking more 2. c 6. b 10. c superficial. 3. b 7. b 11. b
The author’s idea is supported by an expert in 4. a 8. a 12. a the field.
4. There is a solution to smartphone obsession.
Statistics compiled over a four-year period MAIN IDEAS
support the author’s conclusion. 2, page 231
Answers may vary. Suggested answers: COMPREHENSION, page 238
Part I: Some signs of compulsive use of
Answers may vary. Suggested answers:
smartphones are continuously using the
1. The only thing he could think about was his
smartphone to check email, read blogs, check
iPhone and he was oblivious to the beauty
twitter etc. even on weekends or when you are around him. on vacation.
2. the family decided they were going to be
Part II: It is unclear. According to some experts, electronics-free for a week.
we are not seeing smartphone addiction now,
but the potential is there. Others define addiction
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