PRACTICE TEST FOR THE ADVANCED ENGLISH-MAJORED STUDENTS – No. 3 (2020-2021)
I. LISTENING (50 points)
Part 1: For questions 1-5, listen to a part of a conversation between a librarian and a student and answer the
questions. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER taken from the recording in the
corresponding numbered boxes provided (10 pts)
1. What is the student’s full name?
_________________________________________________
2. Which course is the student on?
_________________________________________________
3. How many other UK universities open 24 hours?
_________________________________________________
4. What size photocopies are available at the library?
_________________________________________________
5. How many entries are there on the library database?
_________________________________________________
Part 2: For questions 6- 10, listen to a news report and match each number (6-10) in A with one
corresponding letter (A- H) in B. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (10 pts) A B 6. The U.S. Supreme Court
A. expected the similarity between small and large-scale businesses.
B. guaranteed workers’ civil rights in social activities. 7. Ron Chapman
C. supposed that the present decisions would be applicable to all class actions. 8. Ruth Bader Ginsburg
D. made a mistake by getting the public’s attention.
E. believed that the current decisions would negatively affect civil rights 9. Labor law experts
F. issued a victory and defeat to American businesses as well as workers
G. required workers to advocate the employment conditions. 10. Judith Resnik
H. expected to include non-disclosure provisions Your answers: 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Part 3: You will hear an interview with Maria Stefanovich, co-founder of a creativity group which organises
workshops for executives. For questions 11-15, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to
what you hear. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (10 pts)
11. Corporations appreciate mask-making workshops because ________
A. no one wants negative faces at the office.
B. unhappy employees won’t come to work.
C. they realise how their employees see them. Page 1 of 14 pages
D. their employees change their approach.
12. Companies are turning to creative workshops because they have acknowledged that ________
A. unproductive employees are a financial burden.
B. the traditional work environment has its limitations.
C. there is an increase in absenteeism.
D. employees are working too hard without enjoying it.
13. The employees at the firm ‘Play’ __________
A. change positions frequently to lessen boredom.
B. have business cards indicating their jobs.
C. dress up like comic book characters.
D. do not have stereotyped ideas about their jobs.
14. The companies that show most interest in creative workshops are surprising because________
A. they usually have creative employees to begin with.
B. their employees are the ones who have to present regularly.
C. there are many other exciting workshops they would prefer.
D. their employees should be used to being funny.
15. Maria mentions the traditional companies that have held workshops in order to ________
A. boast about the clients her company has helped.
B. show that they have a narrow list of clients.
C. downplay the serious reputations of the firms.
D. point out the diversity of those trying different approaches. Your answers: 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
Part 4: For questions 16-25, you will hear a piece of news about Hurricane Florence ready to hit Mid-Atlantic
as a Category 4 hurricane. Fill in each blank with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the
recording. You will hear the audio twice. Write your answers in the space provided. (20 pts)
16. It is advised to get away from the coast as _____________________________, Hurricane Florence, brews in the Atlantic Ocean.
17. _____________________________for more than 1 million people in the states of North Carolina, South
Carolina and Virginia have already been triggered.
18. The wind speeds hovered around 140 miles per hour Tuesday, which makes Florence a _____________________________.
19. The area it hits could be _____________________________ for months.
20. Its catastrophic storm surge is the _____________________________ in sea levels as a hurricane blows water ashore.
21. Anything more than a 12-foot storm surge is life threatening according to the
_____________________________.
22. It is predicted to slow down after making _____________________________ by scientists tracking the storm.
23. This hurricane’s wind speeds _____________________________ Tuesday.
24. There is that outside shot of this _____________________________ further up as it approaches land.
25. That’s what really becomes a danger in scenario here with potential rainfall amounts as much as 20 or more
inches on some of these _____________________________.
II. LEXICO-GRAMMAR (20 points)
Part 1: For questions 26-40, choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to each of the following questions and
write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (15 pts) Page 2 of 14 pages
26. I really admire the hero of the film. He’s so ________. A. reckless B. adventurous C. foolhardy D. instinctive
27. I threw some biscuits ________ on the ground and a whole load of pigeons swooped down and started eating them. A. grains B. specks C. flakes D. crumbs
28. “But so,” I told him, “you’re my own ________.” A. heart to heart B. body and soul C. flesh and blood D. skin and bone
29. It ________ during our conversation that Anita was extremely unhappy. A. emanated B. revealed C. divulged D. emerged
30. She was carrying such an enormous________ suitcase that she could barely get it up the two steps to the hotel entrance. A. unworthy B. unwieldy C. unwisely D. unworldly
31. I don’t object to people being vegetarians, but it gets on my nerves when they’re ________ about it. A. self-centred B. self-righteous C. self-deprecating D. self-sufficient
32. People were ________ moved by the photographs in the newspapers. A. genuinely B. totally C. earnestly D. lovingly
33. Nothing you say will make a ________ of difference to my decision. A. fragment B. scrap C. gram D. grain
34. What is your attitude to the ________ of performance-enhancing drugs for athletes? A. legalizing B. legality C. permission D. allowance
35. His happy-go-lucky attitude means that on the field he exhibits a ________ disregard for the rules. A. required B. glaring C. permissible D. flagrant
36. I suppose he could ________ have reached the summit on his own, but I doubt it. A. credibly B. conceivably C. imaginatively D. believably
37. The celebrations were somewhat ________ by the announcement of her resignation. A. outshone B. overshadowed C. overcast D. outweighed
38. I wrote to them a fortnight ago but ________ I haven’t had a reply. A. as yet B. these days C. so long D. just now
39. The weekend is over, so tomorrow morning it’s back to the ________. A. grind B. labour C. drudgery D. toil
40. The experimental play was only a ________ success, which disappointed the playwright. A. local B. qualified C. reserved D. cautious Your answers: 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39 40.
Part 2: For questions 41-45, write the correct form of each bracketed word in the numbered space provided in
the column on the right. (0) has been done as an example. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered
boxes provided. (5 pts)
Calendar 2018 was an (0. EVENT) ________ year and numerous moving variables led to (41.
HEIGHT) ________ volatility in the stock market. Markets across the globe came under pressure as growth
worries intensified following trade war tensions and now a US government shutdown.
Concerns over the same have been voiced by the many central bankers across the globe and we hope
these may lead to lower pace of tightening or a pause by the central banks to support growth in their respective
economies. This, in turn, will support stock markets. On the (42. FLIP) ________, the Fed has already planned
two more rate hikes instead of three, and those would dry up some liquidity in the emerging markets like India.
Back home, the silver lining is that the macro (43. METER) ________ such as oil prices, bond yields
and liquidity, which ruined market sentiments in the 2018, now appear to have turned favorable. From the peak of
$80 a barrel hit in early October, oil prices are now hovering at around $50. A drop in Iran’s oil
production/exports from May 2019, when US will remove its exemptions for eight countries still importing oil
from Iran, may restrict supplies and push up crude oil prices.
The Indian stock market saw a net (44. FLOW) ________ of $4.58 billion in 2018, the steepest selloff in
a decade. Yet, India did well compare with other emerging markets, and the reason behind it was the large flows
coming through domestic institutions. As India grows, we will continue to see the clout of domestic investors
grow, as that of foreign players. Page 3 of 14 pages
Strong consumer loan growth and rising real income will boost consumer (45. DISCRETION) ________
spends, whereas a likely turn in private capex (capital expenditure) cycle and strong public capex should will
continue to boost the overall economy and corporate earnings.
Your answers: E.g. (0.)  eventful 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. III. READING (50 points)
Part 1: For questions 46-55, fill each of the following numbered blanks with ONE suitable word and write
your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (10 pts)
In most art museums, the paintings on the wall just look flat, but sometimes visitors come across an image
that appears to be three-dimensional. The artist has cleverly used colors, lines, and shading to give the painting
some depth, making it more (46) ________. The artistic technique of creating three-dimensional images of
something on a flat surface is called trompe l'oeil, a French phrase (47) ________ trick the eye. Today, some
artists are adapting the idea of tricking the eye to make things become invisible. A new ( 48) ________ for this is
camouflage art. In nature, there are major benefits to using camouflage to blend (49) ________ with the
surroundings. Becoming invisible, or at (50) ________ being harder to see on the ground or in a tree, allows
insects and animals to hide from things that might eat them. It also allows them to get close ( 51) ________ to
surprise other insects or smaller animals that they want to catch and eat. Artists are not hiding or preparing to
attack. (52) ________, they are using the idea of camouflage to make urban spaces look nicer or to make
statements with their art. Sometimes they just do it for fun. Artists can make these things more interesting and in
some cases make them (53) ________ visible. In many urban areas, large buildings have been painted with
amazing murals that trick our eyes. Thus, ordinary brick walls are transformed into interesting (54) ________ of
art. Temporary walls put up to keep people out of a (55) ________ site can be painted like the finished building to camouflage the site. Your answers: 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55.
Part 2: For questions 56-67, read the following passage and do the task that follow (12 pts)
A little-known island community comes in from the cold
Back in early 1961, few outside the corridors of dwindling British power had heard of the archipelago
centred on the main island of Tristan da Cunha, from which the scattered islands that make up the group took their name.
It would take a dramatic volcanic eruption, and an emergency evacuation that would grab the attention of
the media, to bring attention to this mysterious outpost of the British Empire. It seemed that the islands, no more
than pin-pricks in the Southern Atlantic Ocean, almost equidistant between Buenos Aires in South America and
Cape Town in South Africa, preferred not to be found.
The same can be said of the 290 or so residents of Tristan da Cunha at that time. They lived on the
remotest island on the entire planet. There was no airport, nor was there space to build one on this mountainous
carbuncle projecting from the ocean. The only harbour, impenetrable during rough weather, was 1,500 miles
distant from the nearest mainland port. Cape Town. Communications with the outside world relied predominantly
on signals to passing fishing boats and the annual visit of the vessel that supplied the islanders with the goods
they could not produce themselves. Page 4 of 14 pages
For this was a self-reliant community, proud of their ability to survive and help each other in times of
adversity. Colonised early in the 19th century, until December 1942, money had not been exchanged on the island.
However, war-time conditions and new development, in particular a new fishing industry, saw the beginnings of
links which meant that the islanders had to accept they were now part of the modern world, however much the
older members of the community might resist such change.
The lives of the islanders ticked quietly along, largely ignored as the government of Britain struggled
with larger events on the world stage, until the beginning of August 1961. Earth tremors and rock falls began on
the 6th, but by October the situation had got so bad that the island had to be evacuated. The entire population
eventually found themselves in England, where they were met with unwanted and unexpected attention from the
media. They were housed at a military camp just outside the port of Southampton.
Coming from a sub-tropical island and having had little exposure to the illnesses and chill endured by the
natives of the British Isles during winter, several of the elder islanders succumbed. The government did not seem
to know what to offer the islanders, there was no news about what was happening to their homeland, and the
future looked very bleak. These were people who had built up their own way of life for over one hundred and
fifty years. They were a compact community who shared only seven family names between them, and now it
seemed that their way of life was to be destroyed.
Fortunately, and despite the islanders’ reluctance to have any dealings with the media, who they
suspected looked on them as historical curiosities, the attention helped keep their plight in the public eye.
Eventually, word came through that the island was again habitable and, despite strong resistance from the British
Government, the vast majority of the islanders voted to return, turning their backs on the temptations of the
brighter lights of their temporary home in favour of their own.
The last of the returning islanders arrived in November 1963 and, with the rebuilding of the crawfish
canning industry and a growing demand for the island’s stamps amongst dedicated collectors following the
publicity caused by the volcanic eruption, the local economy soon recovered, although communications remained
as difficult as they had ever been. Michael Parsons, a young British teacher who was employed on the island,
recalls that there was no television and mail from the outside world arrived just eight times a year. ‘I was allowed
to send a 100-word telegram home once a month, ‘he recalls, ‘and getting news from home brought a lump to my throat’
Things have changed with developments in technology, but at the beginning of the present century the
island was again cut off from the rest of the world when, on May 23rd2001, a hurricane tore through the area. It
caused extensive damage, knocking out the radio station and satellite telephone link as well as leaving the
islanders without electricity. It would be a week before news of the disaster reached London and several more
weeks before a rescue package could be agreed to help the islanders rebuild.
Today the island boasts its own internet café. For the first time people can see what the items they wish to
obtain from abroad actually look like before they purchase them – a big bonus in a place where you have to wait
many months to receive an order which might prove to be unsuitable for the purpose you had in mind. At last, it
seems, Tristan da Cunha has joined the world.
For questions 56–61, decide whether the following statements are True (T), False (F) or Not Given (NG).
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.
56. People living on Tristan da Cunha are totally self-sufficient.
57. The islanders often get ill.
58. Some islanders were reluctant to return after the volcanic eruption.
59. The selling of postage stamps has generated revenue for the islanders.
60. There is no television service on Tristan da Cunha.
61. Communications with the island are often interrupted. Your answers: 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. Page 5 of 14 pages
For questions 62- 67, complete the summary, choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS taken from the passage
for each answer. Write your answers in corresponding numbered boxes.
First colonised in the early part of the 19th century, Tristan da Cunha remained unknown to many people
in the rest of the world until a (62) _________ forced the small population of this remote island to evacuate their
homes and brought their existence to the attention of (63) _________ after spending two years as refugees in (64)
_________, the British Government reluctantly allowed them to return to the island once it had been established
that the danger had passed. The (65) _________ of the island improved when rebuilding work had been
completed, partly because of a new interest in the (66) _________ disaster was to strike the island again nearly
forty years later when a (67) _________ destroyed many buildings on the island. Your answers: 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67.
Part 3: For questions 68-74, read the following passage and choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which
fits each gap. There is ONE extra paragraph which you do not need to use. Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes provided. (7 pts) Disposable Buildings?
Look at a building, any building. What can it tell you? Few would dispute that architecture reflects the taste
and style of the period that gave rise to it. 68
Today’s architectural landmarks tend to be secular rather than religious. For the present purpose,
however, it is less important to acknowledge a building’s patronage than it is to carefully scrutinize its
form. So, observe a contemporary building. What stands out? Discord? A hodgepodge of odd shapes
and garish colours that jar? What about the next? The same? Seeing one modem building does little to
prepare the viewer for the next one; uniformity is negligible. 69
In the larger scheme of things, these differences are minor and it is safe to say that uniformity of
appearance is a major factor that differentiates between the buildings of the past and those of the
present. Another important distinction and one so obvious that it may seem to go without saying, is that
modern buildings do not look like old buildings, (unless they are built in imitation, like neoclassical architecture, for example). 70
This is more than a comment on the quality of the respective building materials. The pyramids were
built to last; the Millennium Dome most assuredly was not. This is not to say that the intention for
modern structures is that they should last a certain amount of time and then fall down - as a kind of
disposable building. Nevertheless, they are undeniably designed and built with only the most immediate future in mind. 71
The people of the past, on the other hand, looked ahead. It is clear that they intended a building to be there for
future generations. This is corroborated by the fact that, in countries where the climate allows it, they planted
trees. Consider this: planting a tree, especially one that will someday grow to be very big, is the ultimate in
altruistic behaviour. When a man plants an oak sapling, he knows very well that he will not see the tree that it will become. 72
There is a third element particularly relevant to contemporary architecture - the 'aesthetic element. "Aesthetics
pose a challenge because they are inherently subjective. Beauty is, indeed, in the eye of the beholder; we
all have likes and dislikes, and they are not the same. Even allowing for this, however, most would
probably agree that ‘beautiful’ is not the most apt way to describe the majority of modem buildings. 73
With most modern buildings, we certainly are. Without interventions, these words inevitably take on a negative
connotation, yet it can be constructive to be confronted with something completely different, something a bit
shocking. A reaction is provoked. We think. All art evolves with time, and architecture, in all its varied
manifestations, is, after all, a form of art. 74 Page 6 of 14 pages
As a result, we have been left with much material for study from past eras. What will we leave behind us, in turn?
If our culture still places a value on the past and its lessons or a belief that we carry our history with us in
continuity, to the future, then this view has not been reflected in our architecture. The generations of the future
may not be able to benefit from us as we have benefited from the generations of the past.
A. The fact remains, though, that until the present day, art forms have been made to last. Countless paintings and
sculptures, as well as buildings, bear witness to this. The artists and architects of the past strove to impart their
creations with attributes that would stand the test of time. It was part and parcel of the successful execution. It
was an expression of pride; a boast. It was the drive to send something of themselves to live on into the future, for
reasons selfless and selfish both.
B. For architecture, patronage has always been important. While this method of financing a work of art is as old
as the idea of art itself it gathered huge momentum during the Renaissance. During this period, wealthy and
powerful families vied with each other in a competition for the creation of the breathtakingly beautiful and the
surprisingly different. It was a way of buying into their own immortality, and that of the artist or the architect to boot.
C. Indeed, it is rare to see a modern building that has worn well, that is free from leaks or rising damp, that is
without bits of its outer structure falling off. It is hard to call to mind an edifice built in the last fifty years which
is not like this or will not soon be. These days we are not interested in posterity: if a building serves our purpose
and that of our children, that seems to be enough.
D. However, neither of these distinctions reveal much about the builders, apart from their aesthetic and their
fondness for visual conformity. Now, take a look at some old buildings. The fact that you can see them at all, that
they are intact and relevant is what opens up the chasm between the present and the past. We do not know how
long today’s architectural heritage will last but the chances are that it will not stand the test of time.
E. Why is this? Do we not require our buildings to be beautiful any longer? Perhaps beauty has become
architecturally superfluous or just plain old-fashioned. It could be that the idea of beauty is too sentimental and
sugary for the contemporary taste. Maybe the modern psyche demands something more stimulating and less easy
than beauty. Perhaps we yearn to be challenged.
F. Historic buildings from a common era, on the other hand, resemble each other. Take the example of the Gothic
cathedral. To the non-specialist, one Gothic cathedral looks much like the next; if you've seen one, you’ve seen
them all. This view, while extreme, is correct in the sense that there is a uniformity of style in every Gothic
cathedral ever built. Anyone can see it. It takes an enthusiast, however to spot and appreciate the myriad subtleties and differences.
G. In contrast, any tree-planting that takes place today is largely commercial, motivated by the quest for
immediate gain. Trees are planted that will grow quickly and can be cut down in a relatively short space of time.
The analogy between tree planting and the construction of buildings is a good one; both activities today show
thinking that is essentially short-term and goal driven; we want an instantaneous result and, on top of that, we want it to be profitable.
H. Buildings, however, can reveal considerably more than that. They give us a unique insight into the collective
mind and culture of those responsible for their construction. Every building was conceived with an objective in
mind, to serve some purpose or assuage some deficiency, and someone was responsible for commissioning them.
Throughout the course of history, buildings have generally been constructed at the instigation of the rich and
powerful - products of politics, religion or both. This is what makes them so revealing.
Part 4: For questions 75-84, read the text and choose the answer A, B, C or D. Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes provided. (10 pts)
The craft of perfumery has an ancient and global heritage. The art flourished in Ancient Rome, where the
emperors were said to bathe in scent. After the fall of Rome, much of the knowledge was lost, but survived in
Islamic civilizations in the Middle Ages. Arab and Persian pharmacists developed essential oils from the aromatic
plants of the Indian peninsula. They developed the processes of distillation and suspension in alcohol, which
allowed for smaller amounts of raw materials to be used than in the ancient process, by which flower petals were
soaked in warm oil. This knowledge was carried back to European monasteries during the Crusades.
At first, the use of fragrances was primarily associated with healing. Aromatic alcoholic waters were
ingested as well as used externally. Fragrances were used to purify the air, both for spiritual and health purposes. Page 7 of 14 pages
During the Black Death, the bubonic plague was thought to have resulted from a bad odour which could be
averted by inhaling pleasant fragrances such as cinnamon. The Black Death led to an aversion to using water
for washing, and so perfume was commonly used as a cleaning agent.
Later on, the craft of perfume re-entered Europe, and was centred in Venice, chiefly because it was an
important trade route and a centre for glass-making. Having such materials at hand was essential for the
distillation process. In the late seventeenth century, trade soared in France, when Louis XIV brought in policies of
protectionism and patronage which stimulated the purchase of luxury goods. Here, perfumery was the preserve of
glove-makers. The link arose since the tanning of leather required p
utrid substances. Consequently, the gloves
were scented before they were sold and worn. A glove and perfume makers’ guild had existed here since 1190.
Entering it required 7 years of formal training under a master perfumer.
The trade in perfume flourished during the reign of Louis XV, as the master glove-and-perfume makers,
particularly those trading in Paris, received patronage from the royal court, where it is said that a different
perfume was used each week. The perfumers diversified into other cosmetics including soaps, powders, white
face paints and hair dyes. They were not the sole sellers of beauty products. Mercers, spicers, vinegar-makers and
wig-makers were all cashing in on the popularity of perfumed products. Even simple shopkeepers were coming
up with their own concoctions to sell.
During the eighteenth century, more modern, capitalist perfume industry began to emerge, particularly in
Britain where there was a flourishing consumer society. In France, the revolution initially disrupted the perfume
trade due to its association with aristocracy, however, it regained momentum later as a wider range of markets
were sought both in the domestic and overseas markets. The guild system was abolished in 1791, allowing new
high-end perfumery shops to open in Paris.
Perfume became less associated with health in 1810 with a Napoleonic ordinance which required perfumers
to declare the ingredients of all products for internal consumption. Unwilling to divulge their secrets, traders
concentrated on products for external use. Napoléon affected the industry in other ways too. With French ports
blockaded by the British during the Napoleonic wars, the London perfumers were able to dominate the markets for some time.
One of the significant changes in the nineteenth century was the idea of branding. Until then, trademarks
had had little significance in the perfumery where goods were consumed locally, although
they had a long history in other industries. One of the pioneers in this field was Rimmel who was nationalized as
a British citizen in 1857. He took advantage of the spread of railroads to reach customers in wider markets. To do
this, he built a brand which conveyed prestige and quality, and were worth paying a premium for. He recognised
the role of design in enhancing the value of his products, hiring a French lithographer to create the labels for his perfume bottles.
Luxury fragrances were strongly associated with the affluent and prestigious cities of London and Paris.
Perfumers elsewhere tended to supply cheaper products and knock-offs of the London and Paris brands. The
United States perfume industry, which developed around the docks in New York where French oils were being
imported, began in this way. Many American firms were founded by immigrants, such as William Colgate, who
arrived in 1806. At this time, Colgate was chiefly known as a perfumery. Its Cashmere Bouquet brand had 625
perfume varieties in the early 20th century.
75. The purpose of the text is to ________
A. compare the perfumes from different countries.
B. describe the history of perfume making.
C. describe the problems faced by perfumers.
D. explain the different uses of perfume over time.
76. Which of the following is NOT true about perfume making in Islamic countries?
A. They created perfume by soaking flower petals in oil.
B. They dominated perfume making after the fall of the Roman Empire.
C. They took raw materials for their perfumes from India.
D. They created a technique which required fewer plant materials.
77. Why does the writer include this sentence in paragraph 2?
“During the Black Death, the bubonic plague was thought to have resulted from a bad odour which could
be averted by inhaling pleasant fragrances such as cinnamon.”
A. To explain why washing was not popular during the Black Death.
B. To show how improper use of perfume caused widespread disease.
C. To illustrate how perfumes used to be ingested to treat disease.
D. To give an example of how fragrances were used for health purposes.
78. Why did the perfume industry develop in Paris?
A. Because it was an important trade route.
B. Because of the rise in the glove-making industry.
C. Because of the introduction of new trade laws. Page 8 of 14 pages
D. Because of a new fashion in scented gloves.
79. What does the word “putrid” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Bad-smelling B. Rare C. Prestigious D. Numerous
80. Which of the following people most influenced the decline of perfumes as medicine? A. Louis XIV B. Louis XV C. Rimmel D. Napoléon
81. In paragraph 4, it is implied that ________.
A. master glove and perfume makers created a new perfume each week.
B. the Royal Court only bought perfume from masters.
C. mercers, spicers and other traders began to call themselves masters.
D. cosmetics were still only popular within the Royal Courts.
82. How did the French Revolution affect the Parisian perfume industry?
A. The industry declined then rose again.
B. The industry collapsed and took a long time to recover.
C. The industry was greatly boosted.
D. The industry lost most of its overseas customers.
83. Which of the following is NOT true of Rimmel?
A. He was one of the first people to utilise trademarks.
B. He created attractive packaging for his products.
C. His products were more expensive than other brands.
D. He transported his goods to potential customers by train.
84. What is implied about the New York perfume industry?
A. It was the fastest-growing perfume industry in the world at that time.
B. It was primarily developed by immigrants arriving from France.
C. It copied luxury fragrances and sold them cheaply.
D. There was a wider range of fragrances available here than elsewhere. Your answers: 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84.
Part 5: For questions 85-95, read the texts A-E about British immigrants in America in the 1800s and answer
the questions by writing the correct letter A-E in the numbered blanks. (11 pts) Prairie Fever
A new book chronicles the efforts of 19th century British
aristocrats to create a corner of England in the American west.
A. How the British aristocracy was drawn to the frontier lands of 19th-century America is perhaps the most
bizarre episode in the country’s epic immigration story, and is revealed in a remarkable new book, Prairie Fever,
by veteran BBC documentary maker Peter Pagnamenta. Lured by romantic tales of the American outdoors by
writers such as James Fennimore Cooper, and the real- life gun-slinging escapades of Wild Bill Hickock, these
eccentric newcomers wanted the U.S. on their own terms. In settlements with reassuringly British names, such as
Runnymede and Victoria, the British aristocracy set about ensuring that there was one corner of America that was forever England.
B. The pioneers started arriving in the 1830s. Some were sportsmen drawn by the promise of unlimited buffalo to
hunt, others true adventurers. They were led by Scotsman Sir William Stewart, a Waterloo veteran who spent
seven years trekking through the Rockies, rubbing shoulders with mountain men, and fending off marauding
bears and Indians. His companion, Charles Murray, son of the Earl of Dunmore, lived for a spell with the Pawnee
Indians. The Old Etonian had to swallow his pride when his hosts ate his dog, but he impressed with rock-
throwing contests in which he used skills honed in the Highland Games. Sadly, few of the lords that followed
were nearly so adaptable. They often treated the locals and their customs with utter contempt. Sir George Gore - a
classic example of the breed - went on a $100,000, three-year hunting expedition beginning in 1854 in Missouri.
American officials later accused him of slaughtering 6000 buffalo, single-handedly endangering the Plains
Indians’ food supply. Later, the English settlers wound up the Americans even more because of their air of superiority.
C. By the 1870s, however, their American hosts had more to complain about than aristocratic rudeness - the
British wanted to settle permanently. The British ruling classes had realised that the American West wasn’t just a
good place to hunt and carouse, but also the perfect dumping ground for younger sons with few prospects at
home. America, desperate for new settlers to farm prairie states like Kansas and Iowa, welcomed them with open
arms. Back in Britain, the Press followed the settlers closely. ‘It was hot but everyone looked happy ... how much Page 9 of 14 pages
more sensible and useful lives they live there than they would live here at home!’ the Times reported. Yet more
astute observers noted that the British settlers never grasped the American work ethic. For them, running their
farms came a poor second to hunting and enjoying themselves.
D. The prairie states were already dotted with ‘colonies’ each made up exclusively of workers from one part of
America or one group of immigrants such as Danes or Russians. In 1873, an enterprising Scottish gentleman
farmer named George Grant had a brainwave - a colony in western Kansas populated entirely by the British upper
classes. By stipulating that they had to have at least £2,000 in funds and would each get no less than a square mile
of land, he kept out the rabble. Victoria, as Grant patriotically called his settlement, was talked of back home as a
‘Second Eden’, but the new arrivals - many of whom had never farmed in their lives - soon discovered it was a
hard place to play the country gentleman. No rain would fall for months and the temperature could soar to 105F
in the shade. Worst of all, nobody had mentioned the dense clouds of grasshoppers that would suddenly arrive
and eat everything. Despite their neighbours’ derision at these ‘remittance men’ (so named because they relied on
allowances from their parents), the two hundred or so colonists gamely battled on.
E. In general, the colonists’ dreams came to nothing, and many headed home. But there was one event that
definitively ended the British aristocracy’s love affair with the West. Encouraged by the vast sums to be made
from cattle ranching, some wealthy British investors bought huge tracts of land. One investor alone amassed 1.75
million acres and 100,000 cattle. Enough was enough. Tolerant when the British were buffoonish adventurers,
Americans felt threatened once they became too rich U.S politicians stoked anti-foreigner resentment, aided by
stories about ruthless British landlords turfing penniless widows out of their homes and rumours that some were
so snobby they referred to their cowboys as ‘cow-servants’. Congress passed the Alien Land Act limiting foreign
companies to buying no more than 5,000 acres in future.
In which section are the following mentioned? Your answers:
the opinion that the settlers never got their priorities right 85.
the fact the settlers wanted nothing less than a home away from home 86.
the wish to maintain exclusivity in the British colonies 87.
the inability of the settlers to become truly independent of Britain 88.
the view that the English were naive in their expectations of the USA 89.
a difference in the locals’ and settlers’ cultural taboos 90.
the view that the British settlers were victims of their own success 91.
the fact that America offered a solution to a problem 92.
a newspaper showing lack of perception 93.
the disregard of the settlers for the locals’ way of life 94.
the disclosure of a weird period 95. IV. WRITING (60 points)
Part 1. Read the following extract and use your own words to summarize it. Your summary should be between
140 and 160 words long. (15 pts)
Aerosols have a strong influence on the present climate, but this influence will likely be reduced over the
coming decades as air pollution measures are implemented around the world. At a global level, aerosols have
helped to reduce the warming effect from greenhouse gas emissions, and necessary reductions in air pollution
may thus make it harder to achieve ambitious global climate and environmental aims, such as the Paris
Agreement's 2°c target. Furthermore, the local nature of air pollution means that the impacts of changes to aerosol
emissions on temperature, precipitation, extreme events, and health are likely to differ widely from one place to
another. Model and observational studies are beginning to assess these impacts, particularly the link between
aerosols and precipitation, to elucidate the climate effects of cleaning up our air.
Human influence on the climate is a tug-of-war, with greenhouse gas-induced warming being held partly
in check by cooling from aerosol emissions. In a Faustian bargain, humans have effectively dampened global
climate change through air pollution. Increased greenhouse gas concentrations from fossil fuel use are heating the
planet by trapping heat radiation. At the same time, emissions of aerosols particles that make up a substantial
fraction of air pollution have an overall cooling effect by reflecting incoming sunlight.
Many climate effects from aerosols are, however, regional rather than global. Whereas the major
greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide and methane, get distributed globally, aerosols are removed from the
atmosphere in a matter of days, leading to quite different patterns of impact. A reduction in aerosol emissions as
has already occurred in the United States and Europe and is assumed to continue in most climate scenarios can be
expected to have disproportionately strong impacts near emission regions, where most of the world's population
lives. The effects of global warming on society are therefore different if the warming is due to loss of aerosol Page 10 of 14 pages
cooling, rather than from greenhouse gas-induced warming. Simply put, it matters not only that we limit global
warming to 2°c, but also how we do it.
(Adapted from https://www.aaas.org)
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Part 2. Graph writing (15 pts)
The pie graphs below show the result of a survey of children's activities. The first graph shows the
cultural and leisure activities that boys participate in, whereas the second graph shows the activities in
which the girls participate.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant. Your writing should be at least 150 words. Page 11 of 14 pages
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Part 3. Essay writing (30 pts)
Topic: Some educational system, make students study specialized subjects from the age of 15
while others require students to study a wide range of them.
Discuss both sides and give your own opinion. Give specific reasons and relevant examples to support your answer.
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