Present Perfect Tense - Tiếng anh | Trường Đại học Thủ đô Hà Nội

THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE ( THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH ) I, Định nghĩa:
- Diễn tả một hành động đã hoàn thành cho tới thời điểm hiện tại mà không đề cập tới nó xảy ra khi nào
Eg: I have done all my homework.
+ Hành động “đã hoàn thành xong hết bài tập” đã xảy ra trong quá khứ. Trong câu
đã cho không nhắc đến khoảng thời gian cụ thể nào mà chỉ nhấn mạnh vào kết quả
là “đã hoàn thành xong hết bài tập” → Động từ chia ở thì Hiện tại hoàn thành
- Diễn tả một hành động bắt đầu ở quá khứ và đang tiếp tục ở hiện tại, có khả năng tiếp tục ở tương lai
Eg: You have studied English for five years
- Diễn tả một sự việc vừa mới xảy ra
Eg: My mom has just bought me a new pen.
- Diễn tả một hành động, sự việc đã xảy ra nhiều lần trong quá khứ.
Eg: David has written five books and is working on another one. (David đã viết
được năm cuốn sách và đang tiếp tục với cuốn tiếp theo.)
+ Our family have seen this film three times. (Gia đình tôi đã xem bộ phim này ba lần.)
→ sự việc “viết sách” và “xem phim” đã từng diễn ra nhiều lần trong quá khứ
(“năm cuốn sách” và “ba lần”)
- Diễn tả một kinh nghiệm cho tới thời điểm hiện tại ( thường có dùng “ever” hoặc “never” )
Eg: My last birthday was the best day I have ever had. (Ngày sinh nhật vừa rồi là
ngày tuyệt vời nhất tôi từng có.)
+ I have never been to America. (Tôi chưa bao giờ tới nước Mỹ.)
- Dùng để nói về sự việc vừa mới xảy ra và hậu quả của nó vẫn còn tác động đến hiện tại
Eg: I’ve broken my watch so I don’t know what time it is. (Tôi đã làm vỡ đồng
hồ vậy nên tôi không biết bây giờ là mấy giờ.) II, Công thức 1, Câu khẳng định
Ký hiệu: V3 (Hay Past Participle – Dạng quá khứ phân từ của động từ)
Ví dụ: động từ “go” có quá khứ phân từ hay V3 là “gone” Công thức S + have/ has + V3
He/ She/ It/ Danh từ số ít / Danh từ không đếm được + has + V3
I/ We/ You/ They/ Danh từ số nhiều + have + V3
- It has been 2 months since I first met him. (Đã 2 tháng rồi kể từ lần đầu tiên tôi gặp anh ấy.)
- I have watched TV for two hours. (Tôi xem TV được 2 tiếng rồi).
- She has prepared for dinner since 6:30 p.m. (Cô ấy chuẩn bị bữa tối từ 6 rưỡi.) Ví dụ
- He has eaten this kind of food several times before. (Anh ấy đã ăn loại thức ăn
này một vài lần trước rồi.)
- Have you been to that place before? (Bạn đến nơi này bao giờ chưa?)
- They have worked for this company for 5 years. (Họ làm việc cho công ty này 5 năm rồi.)
Exercise 1: Chia những động từ trong câu dưới đây ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành
1. Jane __has driven___ (drive) to work today.
2. They __have worked___ (work) all day and night.
3. We __have seen___ (see) the new bridge.
4. He __has had__ (have) breakfast this morning.
5. Ann and Don have washed__ (wash) the car.
6. Kathy _has wanted___ (want) to go to Queensland for a long time.
7. Mel __has given__ (give) up smoking. ( give up: từ bỏ )
8. I __have forgotten__ (forget) that man’s name.
9. They __have lost__ (lose) their keys.
10.Jack __has been__ (be) to England.
Exercise 2: Viết lại các câu sau dựa trên các từ cho sẵn có sử dụng thì hiện tại hoàn thành 1. We/play/tennis/2 years.
We have played tennis for 2 years 2. Mai/go/the library/today.
Mai has gone to the library today
3. My sister/move/a new house/near/her boyfriend’s flat.
My sister has moved to a new house near …..
4. His teacher/not/explain/this lesson/yet.
His teacher has not explained this lesson yet
5. This/best/film/I/ever/watch.
This is best film I have ever watched
6. Minh/just/leave/office/2 hours.
Minh has just left office for 2 hours
7. They/write/a report/since/last Monday?
Have they written a report since last Monday? Keys Exercise 1: 1. has driven 2. have worked 3. have seen 4. has had 5. have washed 6. has wanted 7. has given 8. have forgotten 9. have lost 10.has been Exercise 2:
1. We have played tennis for 2 years.
2. Mai has gone to the library today.
3. My sister has moved to a new house near her boyfriend’s flat.
4. His teacher hasn’t explained this lesson yet.
5. This is the best film I have ever watched.
6. Minh has just left the office for 2 hours.
7. Have they written a report since last Monday? 2, Câu phủ định
Công thức S + have/ has + V3
He/ She/ It/ Danh từ số ít / Danh từ không đếm được + has + not + V3
I/ We/ You/ They/ Danh từ số nhiều + have + not + V3 has not = hasn’t Lưu ý have not = haven’t Ví dụ
- She has not prepared for dinner since 6:30 p.m. (Cô ấy vẫn chưa chuẩn bị cho bữa
tối từ lúc 6 giờ 30 tối.)
- He has not eaten this kind of food before. (Anh ấy chưa bao giờ ăn loại thức ăn này cả.)
- We haven’t met each other for a long time. (Chúng tôi không gặp nhau trong một thời gian dài rồi.)
- He hasn’t come back to his hometown since 2000. (Anh ấy không quay trở lại quê
hương của mình từ năm 2000.) 3. Câu nghi vấn
a, Câu nghi vấn sử dụng trợ động từ (Câu hỏi Yes/ No) Q: Have/ has + S + V3?
Công thức A: Yes, S + have/has + V3.
No, S + haven’t/hasn’t + V3.
- Q: Have you ever travelled to America? (Bạn đã từng du lịch tới Mỹ bao giờ chưa?) Ví dụ
A: Yes, I have/ No, I haven’t.
- Q: Has she arrived in London yet? (Cô ấy đã tới London chưa?)
A: Yes, she has./ No, she hasn’t.
b, Câu nghi vấn sử dụng từ hỏi bắt đầu bằng Wh-
Công thức Wh- + have/ has + S + V3?
- What have you done with these ingredients? (Bạn đã làm gì với những thành phần này vậy?) Ví dụ
- How have you solved this difficult Math question? (Bạn đã giải câu hỏi Toán khó này như thế nào?)
III, Dấu hiệu nhận biết
* Thì hiện tại hoàn thành có các dấu hiệu nhận biết như sau:
- just= recently = lately: gần đây, vừa mới - already: đã, rồi - before:trước đây - ever: đã từng
- never:chưa từng, không bao giờ
- for+ quãng thời gian: trong khoảng (for a year, for a long time, …)
- since+ mốc thời gian: từ khi (since 1992, since june,...)
- yet:chưa (dùng trong câu phủ định và câu hỏi)
- so far = until now = up to now = up to the present:cho đến bây giờ
IV. Vị trí của các trạng từ
- already, never, ever, just: sau “have/ has” và đứng trước động từ phân từ II.
- already: cũng có thể đứng cuối câu.
Example: I have just come back home. (Tôi vừa mới về nhà.)
- Yet: đứng cuối câu, và thường được sử dụng trong câu phủ định và nghi vấn.
Example: She hasn’t told me about you yet. (Cô ấy vẫn chưa kể với tôi về bạn.)
- so far, recently, lately, up to present, up to this moment, in/ for/ during/ over + the
past/ last + thời gian: Có thể đứng đầu hoặc cuối câu.
Example: I have seen this film recently. (Tôi xem bộ phim này gần đây. V, Practice
Bài 1. Cho dạng đúng của các động từ trong ngoặc
1. She (be)…has been………. at her computer for eight hours.
2. Hannah (not/have) ……hasn’t had……any fun a long time.
3. My grandfather (not/ play)…hasn’t played…….. any sport since last year.
4. You’d better have a shower. You (not/have) have not had since Monday.
- Had better do something: tốt nhất, nên làm gì
5. I don’t live with my family now and we (not/see)…haven’t seen ………. each other for ten years.
6. I…have… just (realize)…realized………… that there are only three weeks to the end of the semester.
7. Anna (finish: hoàn thành) has finished… reading three books this month.
8. How long…have you….. (you/know)…known……. each other?
9. ……Have you….(You/ take) taken…… many photographs?
10.Has Jack (eat)……eaten…………. at the Sheraton Hotel yet? Keys 1. has been 2. hasn’t had 3. hasn’t played 4. haven’t had 5. haven’t seen 6. have…realized 7. has finished 8. have…known 9. Have you taken 10.Has Jack eaten
Bài 2. Hoàn thành các câu sau dựa theo từ đã cho sẵn
1. Our family/ not eat / out / since / dad’s birthday.
=> Our family have not eaten since s….
2. How/ long / Chris / live / there?
3. => How long has Chris lived there? 4. You / ever / been / Korea?
=> Have you ever been in Korea
5. Laura / not / meet / children / last summer.
=> Laura has not met children since last summer
6. Your uncle / repair / lamps / yet?
=> Has your uncle repaired lamps yet ? Keys
1. Our family haven’t eaten out since dad’s birthday.
2. How long has Chris lived there?
3. Have you ever been to China?
4. Laura hasn’t met her children since last summer.
5. Has your uncle repaired the lamps yet?
Bài 3. Chia các động từ sau ở thì phù hợp. (Sử dụng thì hiện tại tiếp diễn và hiện tại hoàn thành)
1. My father (not/ play) has not played……….. any sport since last year.
2. Some people (attend) are atteding …….the meeting right now.
3. I’d better have a shower. I (not/have)………have not had ……………one since Thursday.
4. I don’t live with my family now and we (not/see)……have not seen
………………each other for five years.
5. Where is your mother? She……is having (have) dinner in the kitchen.
6. Why are all these people here? What (happen)……is happening ……………………..?
7. I ……have …………….just (realize)……realized……… that there are
only four weeks to the end of term.
8. She (finish) has finished … reading two books this week.
9. At present, he (compose) …is composing …………………a piece of music.
10.We (have)……are having ………………dinner in a restaurant right now 11. Keys 1. hasn’t played 2. are attending 3. haven’t had 4. haven’t seen 5. is having 6. is happening 7. have just realized 8. has finished 9. is composing 10.are having
Bài tập 4. Đọc các tình huống, sử dụng các động từ dưới đây và viết lại câu với
thì hiện tại hoàn thành
arrive – break – fall – go – up – grow – improve – lose Mẫu:
Tom is looking for his key. He can’t find it. = Tom has lost his key.
1. Lisa can’t walk and her leg is in plaster. ( dán, băng bó )
Lisa has broken her leg ( break the leg: gãy chân )
2. Last week the bus fare was £1 .80. Now it is £2.
The bus fare has gone up ( go up: tăng lên )
3. Maria’s English wasn’t very good. Now it is better. Her English has improved
4. Dan didn’t have a beard before. Now he has a beard.
Dan has grown a beard ( grow a beard: mọc râu )
5. This morning I was expecting a letter. Now I have it.
The letter has arrvived ( arvive: đến, xuất hiện )
6. The temperature ( nhiệt độ ) was 20 degrees ( độ ). Now it is only 12. The temperature has fallen Keys 1. Lisa has broken her leg. 2. The bus fare has gone up. 3. Her English has improved. 4. Dan has grown a beard. 5. The letter has arrived. 6. The temperature has fallen.
Bài 5. Mỗi câu sau chứa một lỗi sai. Tìm và sửa chúng
1. I haven’t cutted my hair since last June
.…………………………………………..
2. She has not working as a teacher for almost 5 years.
…………………………………………..
3. The lesson haven’t started yet.
………………………………………….. 4. Has the cat eat yet?
…………………………………………..
5. I am worried that I still hasn’t finished my homework yet.
…………………………………………..
6. I have just decided to start working next week.
…………………………………………..
7. He has been at his computer since seven hours.
…………………………………………..
8. She hasn’t received any good news since a long time.
…………………………………………..
9. My father hasn’t played any sport for last year.
…………………………………………..
10.I’d better have a shower. I hasn’t hadone since Thursday.
………………………………………….. Keys 1. cutted => cut 2. working => worked 3. haven’t => hasn’t 4. eat => eaten 5. hasn’t => haven’t 6. Không sai 7. since => for 8. since => for 9. for => since 10.hasn’t => haven’t
Bài tập 6. Chia thì hiện tại hoàn thành và quá khứ đơn
Bài tập nâng cao này sẽ giúp bạn nhận biết rõ về thì hiện tại hoàn thành và quá
khứ đơn – đây là 2 thì nhiều bạn dễ bị nhầm lẫn nhất
1. When………you………this wonderful skirt? (to design)
2. My mother………into the van. (not/ to crash)
3. The boys………the mudguards of their bicycles. (to take off)
4. .………you………your aunt last week? (to phone)
5. He………milk at school. (not/ to drink)
6. The police………two people early this morning. (to arrest)
7. She………to Japan but now she………back. (to go – to come)
8. Dan………two tablets this year. (already/ to buy)
9. How many games………so far this season? (your team/ to win) Keys
1. When did you design this wonderful skirt?
2. My mother did not crash into the van.
3. The boys took off the mudguards of their bicycles.
4. Did you phone your aunt last week?
5. He did not drink milk at school.
6. The police arrested two people early this morning.
7. She went to Japan but now she has come back.
8. Dan has already bought two tablets this year.
9. How many games has your team won so far this season?
Bài 7. Bài tập chuyển đổi thì hiện tại hoàn thành sang quá khứ đơn
1. She hasn’t written to me since March. -> The last time …
2. Mrs.Linh has taught the children in that remote village for two years -> Mrs.Linh started …
3. Nhi and Bin have been married for seven years. -> It’s seven years …
4. He hasn’t written to me for years. -> It’s years …
5. He hasn’t had a swim for four years. -> He last … Keys
1. The last time she wrote to me was in March.
2. Mrs.Linh started to teach the children in that remote village two years ago.
3. It’s seven years since Nhi and Bin were married.
4. It’s years since he wrote to me.
5. He last had a swim was four years ago.
VIẾT LẠI CÂU CỦA THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH I, Lí thuyết VI, Homework
Exercise 1. Chia động từ ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành.
1. Although the local authorities (take) ………………………………… some
methods to solve the pollution issue, there seems to be little improvement in the air quality.
2. Xuan Bac, a well-known comedian, (start) …………………………………
acting since he was a student in the University of Stage and Cinematography.
3. I (be) ………………………………… to some places in the world. However,
Singapore is the most beautiful country that I (ever/ visit)
………………………………….
4. I (collect) ………………………………… a lot of relevant information for the final evaluation essay.
5. The person that I admire the most in my life is my lecturer, Ms. Linh, who (do)
………………………………… a lot of research that is related to foreign affairs. Keys 1. have taken 4. have collected 2. has started 5. has done
3. have been; have ever visited
Exercise 2. Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi.
1. The last time she came back to her hometown was 4 years ago. → She
hasn't............................................................................................................................ ......
2. He started working as a bank clerk 3 months ago. → He
has................................................................................................................................ ......
3. It has been 5 years since we first flew to Singapore. → We
have.............................................................................................................................. .....
4. I last had my hair cut in November. → I
haven't.......................................................................................................................... .........
5. The last time we called each other was 5 months ago. → We
haven't.......................................................................................................................... .....
6. It has been a long time since we last met. → We
haven't.......................................................................................................................... ..... 7. When did you have it? → How
long.............................................................................................................................. ..?
8. This is the first time I had such a delicious meal. → I have
never............................................................................................................................ .
9. I haven't seen him for 8 days. → The
last................................................................................................................................ ....
10.Today is Saturday. I haven't taken a bath since Wednesday. →
It................................................................................................................................... .......
6. We haven't met each other for a long
1. She hasn't come back to her hometown for 4 years. time.
2. He has worked as a bank clerk for 3 months. 7. How long have you had it?
3. We have not flown to Singapore for 5 years.
8. I have never had such a delicious meal.
4. I haven't had my hair cut since November.
9. The last time I saw him was 8 days ago
5. We haven't called each other for 5 months.
10. It has been three days since I last took bath. ....
Exercise 3. Chia các động từ sau ở thì Hiện tại tiếp diễn hoặc Hiện tại hoàn thành.
1. My father (not/ play) ................................... any sport since last year.
2. Some people (attend) ................................... the meeting right now.
3. I’d better have a shower. I (not/have) ................................... one since Thursday.
4. I don’t live with my family now and we (not/see) ................................ each other for 5 years.
5. Where is your mother? - She (have) ................................... dinner in the kitchen.
6. Why are all these people here? What (happen) ...................................?
7. I (just/ realize) ................................... that there are only four weeks to the end of term.
8. The train drivers (go) ................................... on strike and they stopped working at twelve o’clock.
9. At the present, he (compose) ................................... a piece of music. Keys 1. hasn’t played 6. is happening 2. are attending 7. have just realized 3. haven’t had 8. are going 4. haven’t seen 9. is composing 5. is having 10. are having
Exercise 4: Chia các động từ sau ở thì phù hợp. (Sử dụng thì hiện tại tiếp diễn và hiện tại hoàn thành)
1. My father (not/ play)……….. any sport since last year.
2. Some people (attend).............the meeting right now.
3. I’d better have a shower. I (not/have)……………………one since Thursday.
4. I don’t live with my family now and we (not/see)……………………each other for five years.
5. Where is your mother? She...........................(have) dinner in the kitchen.
6. Why are all these people here? What (happen)................................?
7. I………………….just (realize)…………... that there are only four weeks to the end of term.
8. She (finish) ... reading two books this week.
9. At present, he (compose)........................a piece of music.
10. We (have)........................dinner in a restaurant right now. Keys 1. hasn’t played 2. are attending 3. haven’t had 4. haven’t seen 5. is having 6. is happening 7. have just realized 8. has finished 9. is composing 10. are having
Exercise 5: Viết lại những câu sau sao cho nghĩa không đổi.
1. She started to live in Hanoi 2 years ago. (for)
-> …………………………………………………
2. He began to study English when he was young. (since)
-> …………………………………………………
3. I have never eaten this kind of food before. (This is)
-> …………………………………………
4. I have never seen such a beautiful girl before. (She is)
-> …………………………………………
5. This is the best novel I have ever read. (before)
-> ………………………………………… Keys
1. She has lived in Hanoi for 2 years.
2. He has studied English since he was a young man.
3. This is the first time that I have ever eaten this kind of food.
4. She is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.
5. I have never read such a good novel before.
Exercise 6: Viết lại các câu sau dựa trên các từ cho sẵn có sử dụng thì hiện tại hoàn thành.
1. We/ not eat/ out/ since/ mom’s birthday.
………………………………………….. 2. How/ long/ you/ live/ here?
………………………………………….. 3. You/ ever/ been/ Russia?
…………………………………………..
4. She/ not/ meet/ kids/ since Christmas.
………………………………………….. 5. They/ repair/ lamps/ yet?
………………………………………….. Keys
1. We haven’t eaten out since mom’s birthday.
2. How long have you lived here?
3. Have you ever been to Russia?
4. She hasn’t met her kids since Christmas.
5. Have they repaired the lamps yet?