Reading 3 ( grammar) - Reading level 2 | Trường Đại Học Duy Tân
The structure:S+ be/V + Adj/Adv-er + than…… (short)S+ be/V + more +Adj/Adv + than……(long)-The adverbs much, even, still, far, a lot ( nhấn mạnh)-The + comparative + of the two Tài liệu giúp bạn tham khảo, ôn tập và đạt kết quả cao. Mời bạn đọc đón xem!
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TO – INFINITIVE
1. Common verbs followed by a to-infinitive:
want to V refuse to V wish to V manage to V
hope to V propose to V offer to V ask to V
plan to V expect to V need to V decide to V
fail to V afford to V agree to V promise to V
prefer to V seem to V attempt to V choose to V
learn to V permit to V arrange to V intend to V
care to V demand to V mean to V struggle to V
volunteer to V appear to V claim to V deserve to V
prepare to V swear to V wait to V beg to V
consent to V hesitate to V pretend to V threaten to V
2. Common nouns followed by a to-infiniti ve: ability to V plan to V
time to V chance/opportunity to V right to V effort to V way to V decision to V
3. Common adjectives followed by a t o-infinitive: be able to V be willing to V
be pleased to V be easy/difficult to V be eager to V be likely to V be about to V be ready to V be happy to V be glad to V be kind to V be anxious to V V – ING 1. V erbs Followed by a Gerund: Enjoy deny practice postpone Mind avoid suggest recommend Consider risk admit give up Finish keep miss put off
2. Common Expressions Followed by a Gerund:
have difficulty V-ing can’t help V-ing
be busy V-ing look forward to V-ing
spend (time/money) V-ing be good/bad at V-ing
there is no use V-ing be devoted to V-ing
be worth V-ing be used to V-ing
feel like V-ing be accustomed to V-ing 3. V
erbs Followed by either a Gerund or a To-infinitive: Like hate start can’t stand
Love begin continue can’t bear Remember: -
V-ing: nhớ đã làm cái gì rồi -
To V: nhớ phải / sẽ làm gì Stop: -
V-ing: dừng việc đã đang làm -
To V: dừng một hành động để làm cái khác Quit: - V-ing: nghỉ làm -
To V: nghỉ nơi khác để làm ở đây Forget: -
V-ing: không nhớ đã làm gì - To V: quên làm gì Regret: -
V-ing: tiếc về việc đã làm -
To V: xin lỗi trước khi thông báo tin xấu Try: -
V-ing: làm gì để đi đến kết quả ( thử) -
To V: nỗ lực làm việc gì COMPARISON 1. COMP ARISON OF EQUALITY -
The structure is as + adjective / adverbs + as
(+) S + Be + as + Adj + as….. (-) S + Be + not+ as/so + Adj + as…..
S + Verb + as + Adv + as….. S + Verb + not + as/so + Adv + as….. -
the structure: as + many/ much / few / little + noun + as. -
S + Be/V + as + many/few + Noun (plural) + as…..
S + Be/V + as + much/little + Noun (uncount) + as….. -
the structure: the same (+noun) + as
adverbs in the comparison of equality 2. COMP ARATIVES: - Irregular comparatives
good / well – better many / much – more
bad / ill – worse little – less far – farther / further - The structure:
S+ be/V + Adj/Adv-er + than…… (short)
S+ be/V + more +Adj/Adv + than……(long) - The adverbs ( nhấn mạnh) - The + comparative + of the two -
The + comparative, the + comparative
The Adj/Adv-er/ more +Adj/Adv+ S + V.., The Adj/Adv-er/ more +Adj/Adv+ S + V -
–er / more … than expected / thought / scheduled / anticipated -
ex: The components arrived earlier than scheduled 3. SUPERLA TIVES: - Irregular superlatives
good / well – better – the best far – farther / further – the farthest / the furthest
little – less – the least bad / ill – worse – the worst
many / much – more – the most little- less – the least - The structure:
S+ V/ be+ the + Adj/Adv-est+ …. in/of +Noun
S+ V/ be+ the + most +Adj/Adv+ …. in/of +Noun -
The adverbs by far and quite -
One of the + superlative + plural noun, at least, at most, at best, and at the latest 4. OTHER STRUCTURES OF COMP ARISON: -
Other comparative structures:
More than + N less than + N No later than no longer No sooner…than other than
Rather than would rather… than -
The comparison of equality and the comparative may also be used to
replace the superlative form:
Comparative + than any other ….
Have + never / hardly / rarely + been + comparative
No other …. / nothing + as + adjective + as
No other … / nothing + comparative + than