lOMoAR cPSD| 40799667
Reported Speech VS IF 2 - Summary Advanced Grammar
Advanced Grammar (Đại học Khoa học Xã hội và Nhân văn, Đại học Quốc gia Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh) lOMoAR cPSD| 40799667 REPORTED SPEECH
2. Quy tắc chuyển đổi câu trực tiếp sang câu tường thuật
Trong Tiếng Anh, khi bạn muốn viết lại câu tường thuật thành
câu gián tiếp, bạn cần thực hiện những bước như sau:
2.1. Đổi những đại từ (pronouns) và tính từ sở hữu
(possessive adjectives) trong Reported Speech lOMoAR cPSD| 40799667 Ví dụ:
I could swim when I was four → She said she could swim when she was four.
I must study at the weekend → She said she had to study at the weekend
Our team won the championship → They said that their team
had won the championship
2.2. Thay đổi Thì (Tense) cho động từ trong Reported Speech
Đôi khi, sự việc được trình bày trong câu gián tiếp (Reported Speech)
thường không xảy ra ở thời điểm nói. Vì thế, khi muốn tường thuật hoặc lOMoAR cPSD| 40799667
diễn đạt lại thông tin đó, động từ chính trong câu cần được lùi 1 thì
về quá khứ so với thì được dùng trong câu.
2.3. Thay đổi trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn trong Reported Speech
Đối với cấu trúc câu tường thuật, sự việc sẽ hiếm khi xảy ra vào thời
điểm người nói tường thuật lại. Vì thế, bạn cần phải có sự thay đổi vì
trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn cụ thể. lOMoAR cPSD| 40799667
3. Các dạng câu tường thuật (Reported speech) phổ biến
3.1. Reported Speech dạng câu trần thuật, câu kể
S + say(s) / said + (that) + S + V
Lưu ý: says /say/said to cần được chuyển thành tells/tell/told Ví dụ:
He said to me, “I ate a pizza last night”. → He told me he had eaten a
pizza the previous night.
3.2. Reported Speech dạng câu hỏi Yes/No Question
S + asked / wanted to know / wondered + if / whether + S + V lOMoAR cPSD| 40799667 Ví dụ:
John asked, “Do you remember?” → John asked me if I remembered.
3.3. Reported Speech dạng câu hỏi Wh-question
S + asked (+O) / wanted to know / wondered + Wh-words + S + V Ví dụ:
“What is Andy doing?” Jim asked → Jim wanted to know what Andy was doing.
3.4. Reported Speech dạng mệnh lệnh S + told + O + to_V Ví dụ:
“Close the door” Tom said to me → Tom told me to close the door.
4. Bài tập Tiếng Anh Reported Speech
Bài tập 1: Viết lại câu Reported Speech theo đề bài cho sẵn
1. “If the weather is fine, I will go to the beach with my friends,” she said.
........................................................................................................................
2. “What would you do if you had one day off ?” I asked her.
........................................................................................................................
3. “I would have come to see you if I had known your address, Harry,” Tom said.
........................................................................................................................
4. “I’m sure he will help you if you ask him.” she told me.
........................................................................................................................
5. “If today were Monday, we would go to school,” my friend said to me.
........................................................................................................................ lOMoAR cPSD| 40799667
6. She said to me, “If I were you, I wouldn’t tell her my address.”
........................................................................................................................
7. “There would not be enough seats if a lot of guests came,” they said.
........................................................................................................................
8. “You will be surprised if you meet her,” Ann said to Clara.
........................................................................................................................
Bài tập 2: Chuyển các câu sau về các cấu trúc câu tường thuật trong Tiếng Anh
1. "If I have time, I will visit you tomorrow," she said.
2. "Would you like to join us for dinner?" they asked.
3. "Be careful! The road is slippery," the sign said.
4. "Please, lend me some money," he said.
5. "You did a great job on the presentation," the manager praised.
6. "Let me help you with your luggage," he offered.
7. "I broke the vase," she admitted.
8. "Let's go to the movies tonight," he suggested.
9. "You broke the window," she accused.
10. "Don't forget to call me later," he reminded me.
Bài tập 3: Chọn đáp án đúng
1. Julia said, “I may leave tomorrow.”
A. Julia said that she might leave the next day.
B. Julia said that she might leave tomorrow.
C. Julia asked if she should leave the next day.
D. Julia informed me to leave tomorrow.
2. He said, “Katherine is busy right now.” lOMoAR cPSD| 40799667
A. He said Katherine was busy.
B. He informed that Katherine was busy then.
C. He said Katherine had been busy.
D. He informed me that Katherine is busy.
3. My teacher told me, “You are suspended!.”
A. My teacher exclaimed that I am suspended.
B. My teacher exclaimed to me to suspend.
C. My teacher informed me that I was suspended.
D. My teacher exclaimed that I was suspended.
4. He said, “I have been a great tutor.”
A. He said that he had been a great tutor.
B. He said that he was a great tutor.
C. He exclaimed that he was a great tutor.
D. He said that he has been a great tutor.
5. Mr. Smith said, “We went for a trip to Japan.”
A. Mr. Smith said that they went for a trip to Japan.
B. Mr. Smith said that they were on a trip to Japan.
C. Mr. Smith said that they had gone for a trip to Japan.
D. Mr. Smith said they went for a trip to Japan.
6. Anthony said, “I will take care of this matter.”
A. Anthony said that he would take care of that matter.
B. Anthony said that he will take care of that matter.
C. Anthony said that he would take care of that matter. lOMoAR cPSD| 40799667
D. Anthony said that he will take care of that matter.
7. “I am going out tonight.” My sister said.
A. My sister said that she was going out tonight.
B. My sister said that she was going out that night.
C. My sister said she was going out that night.
D. My sister said that she will be going out that night.
8. The guard asked the man, “Who are you?”
A. The guard asked the man who he was.
B. The guard asked me who was I.
C. The guard asks me who he was.
D. The guard asked the man who I was.
9. My friend said, “The concert ended yesterday.”
A. My friend said that the concert had ended yesterday.
B. My friend said that the concert ended the day before.
C. My friend said that the concert had ended the previous day.
D. My friend said that the concert ended already. 10.
My mom said, “Bring me a glass of water, please.”
A. My mom command me to bring her a glass of water.
B. My mom me to bring her a glass of water.
C. My mom asked me to brought her a glass of water.
D. My mom ordered me to bring her a glass of water.
11. He said, “Let us have dinner here.”
A. He proposed that we had dinner there. lOMoAR cPSD| 40799667
B. He asked if we wished to have dinner there.
C. He said that we should have dinner there.
D. He said that we had dinner there. 12.
The salesman said, “Are you interested in the scheme?”
A. The salesman said that if I was interested in the scheme.
B. The salesman said that if I were interested in the scheme.
C. The salesman asks if I am interested in the scheme.
D. The salesman asked me if I was interested in the scheme. 13.
She said, “Shut the door!”
A. She asked me whether I would shut the door.
B. She ordered me to shut the door.
C. She said that I should shut the door.
D. She shouted and said to shut the door. 14.
She said, “The train will be leaving soon.”
A. She said that the train would leave soon.
B. She said that the train is leaving.
C. She said that the train would be leaving soon.
D. She said that the train will leave soon. 15.
“Alas! It can’t be this bad.” Andy said.
A. Andy exclaimed with sorrow that that couldn’t be that bad.
B. Andy grieved that it couldn’t be that bad.
C. Andy said that it was really that bad.
D. Andy said with sorrow that that was bad. lOMoAR cPSD| 40799667 16.
My teacher said, “The sun is a renewable energy source.”
A. My teacher said that the sun was a renewable energy source.
B. My teacher said that the sun is a renewable energy source.
C. My teacher told that the sun is a renewable energy source.
D. My teacher tells that the sun was a renewable energy source. 17.
The secretary said, “Is Mr. Brown in his office?”
A. The secretary said that if Mr. Brown was in his office.
B. The secretary enquired if Mr. Brown was in his office.
C. The secretary enquired that if Mr. Brown was in his office.
D. The secretary asked if Mr. Brown had been in his office. 18.
The policeman said, “Don’t cross the speed limit.”
A. The policeman said not to cross the speed limit.
B. The policeman asked if I would cross the speed limit.
C. The policeman forbade me to cross the speed limit.
D. The policeman asks if I had crossed the speed limit. 19.
Mr. Lee said, “I must attend the meeting.”
A. Mr. Lee said that he had to attend the meeting.
B. Mr. Lee said that it was must that he attend the meeting.
C. Mr. Lee said if he must attend the meeting.
D. Mr. Lee said that he would attend the meeting. 20.
She said, “What an astonishing view!”
A. She said that the view was astonishing.
B. She exclaimed that the view is astonishing. lOMoAR cPSD| 40799667
C. She exclaimed with joy and said that the view was astonishing.
D. She exclaimed that the view was astonishing. 21.
My boss said that she ________ there at noon.
A. is going to be B. was going to be C. will be D. can be 22.
They asked me when _________.
A. did I arrive B. will I arrive C. I had arrived D. I can arrive 23.
The man said, “ I didn’t see her.” => The man said ____ her.
A. he had seen B. I hadn’t seen C. she didn’t see D. he hadn’t seen 24.
My dad said, “I watched TV last night.” => My dad said that he
_______ TV the night before.
A. was watching B. watched C. had watched D. has watched 25.
The teacher told us that Columbus ________ America in 1492.
A. discovered B. had discovered C. was discovering D. would discover 26.
She said, “ I want to give up my job.” => She said that ______________.
A. she wants to give up her job
B. she wanted to give up my job
C. I wanted to give up her job
D. she wanted to give up her job 27.
Anna said: ”I have not seen Donald since last month .”
A. Mary said she has not seen Peter since the previous month.
B. Mary said she had not seen Peter since the previous month.
C. Mary said she was not seen Peter since the previous month.
D. Mary said she doesn’t see Peter since the previous month lOMoAR cPSD| 40799667
28. “ I want to go on holiday but I don’t know where to go.” – said Thomas.
=> Thomas said that _________________________________________.
A. he wanted to go on holiday but he doesn’t know where to go.
B. he wants to go on holiday but he didn’t know where to go.
C. he wanted to go on holiday but he didn’t know where to go.
D. I wanted to go on holiday but I didn’t know where to go. 29.
“What will you do this evening, John?” Mark asked.
A. Mark asked John what he would do that evening.
B. Mark asked John what John did that evening.
C. Mark wanted to know what she and John would do that evening.
D. Mark wanted to know what John would do that evening. 30.
He said to them, “Don’t tell me such nonsense!”
A. He told them not to tell him such nonsense.
B. He told them to tell him such nonsense.
C. He told them not to tell them such nonsense.
D. He told them to tell them such a nonsense. 31.
“I don’t know what mom is doing,” said my sister.
A. My sister said that she didn’t know what mom was doing.
B. My sister said she doesn’t know what mom is doing.
C. My sister said that I don’t know what mom is doing.
D. My sister said that she hasn’t known what mom was doing 32.
“I’ve been playing tennis a lot lately,” Kai said.
A. Kai said that I have been playing tennis a lot lately. lOMoAR cPSD| 40799667
B. Kai said that he has been playing tennis a lot lately.
C. Kai said that he had been playing tennis a lot lately.
D. Kai said that she had been playing tennis a lot lately. 33.
The mother asked her son _______.
A. where he has been B. where he had been
C. where has he been D. where had he been 34.
The maid said, “I gave them the address.”
A. The maid asked whether she should have given the address to them.
B. The maid informed me that she had given the address to them.
C. The maid said that she would give them the address.
D. The maid said to give the address to them. 35.
“Don’t make noise in the library.” The librarian said to us.
A. The librarian told us not to make noise in the library.
B. The librarian ordered us not to make noise in the library.
C. The librarian said to be quiet while in the library.
D. The librarian asks me to not make any noise. 36.
Jen says: “I like drawing sketches.”
A. Jen says that she liked drawing sketches.
B. Jen said that she has liked drawing sketches.
C. Jen says that she likes to draw sketches.
D. Jen said that she likes drawing sketches. 37.
The man said, “You can not park
here!” A. The man said that I may not park here. lOMoAR cPSD| 40799667
B. The man said to me that I was unable to park here.
C. The man told me that I couldn’t park there.
D. The man forbade me to park here. 38.
She said she _______ collect the documents for me after
work. A. would B. did C. must D. had 39.
They said that they had been driving through the desert__________. A. the previous day B. yesterday C. the last day D. Sunday previously 40.
Liam told me that he _______ his best in the exam the _______ day. A. had done / following B. will do / previous C. would do/ following D. was going / previous lOMoAR cPSD| 40799667 SECOND CONDITIONALS
1. Khái niệm về câu điều kiện loại 2
Câu điều kiện loại 2 là mẫu câu dùng để diễn tả tình huống, hành
động không có thật ở hiện tại. Ví dụ:
If I were Janet, I would never forgive John for what he has
done. (Nếu tôi là Janet thì tôi sẽ không bao giờ tha thứ John
cho những gì anh ta đã làm).
Về thực tế, tôi không thể trở thành Janet được → đây là điều kiện
không có thật ở hiện tại.
2. Công thức của câu điều kiện loại 2 Lưu ý:
● Mệnh đề điều kiện (If) có thể đứng ở vế đầu hoặc vế sau của câu.
● Ở mệnh đề If (If clause) của câu điều kiện loại 2, nếu động từ ở
dạng to be, ta dùng WERE cho tất cả các ngôi.
● Trong mệnh đề chính (main clause) của câu điều kiện loại 2, ngoài
sử dụng trợ động từ would, ta có thể dùng could, might, … Ví dụ:
If I won a lot of money, I'd buy a big house in the country.
If I were you, I would look for another job.
He would travel all over the world if he were rich.
3. Công thức đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện loại 2 lOMoAR cPSD| 40799667
Were + S1 + (not) + O, S2 + would/might/could + V-inf Lưu ý:
● Nếu trong câu có chứa động từ “were” thì bạn đảo “were” lên đầu.
● Nếu trong câu không chứa động từ “were” thì bạn mượn
“were’ và sử dụng “ to V”. Ví dụ:
Should you need more information, contact me.
Were the Sun to disappear, Earth would no longer be able to support life.
Were I you, I would choose a different path
4. Cách dùng câu điều kiện loại 2 Cách dùng Ví dụ
Diễn tả một tình huống không có thật ở If I were a police, I would arrest all criminals. hiện tại.
If I were you, I wouldn't go out with that man.
Dùng để đưa ra lời khuyên hoặc khi bạn What would you do if you had to do this
cần xin người khác lời khuyên. exam?
What would you do if you were me?
Exercise 1: Chọn đáp án đúng
1. If I (were/was/would be) .......................
rich, I (will try/would try/tried) to help the poor. .......................
2. What (would you do/will you do/did you do) ....................... if you
(see/would see/saw) ....................... a huge spider in your shoe? lOMoAR cPSD| 40799667
3. If I (was/would be/were) .......................
you, I (asked/would ask/will ask) for their help. .......................
4. If he (finded/would find/found) .......................
a wallet in the street, he
(would take/took/taken) ....................... it to the police.
5. If she (were/was/would be) ....................... a color, she (is/would
be/were) ....................... red.
6. They (were/would be/will be) ....................... terrified if they
(saw/see/would see) ....................... aliens in their garden.
Exercise 2: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc, sử
dụng câu điều kiện loại 2.
1. If I (have) ....................... a lot of money, I (buy) ....................... a yacht.
2. If I (be) ....................... a baby, I (cry) ....................... all of the time.
3. If she (eat) .......................
lots of chocolate, she (have) ....................... bad teeth.
4. If I (not have) ....................... a pencil, I (borrow) ....................... one.
5. If he (not have to) .......................
go to school, he (watch) ....................... television all day.
6. If she (have) ....................... good grades, she (be) ....................... happy.
7. My boss (be) .......................
very pleased if I (finish) ....................... the job.
8. I (not go) ....................... to school if I (have) ....................... a bad cold.
9. If she (earn) ....................... some money, she (buy) ....................... a new dress.
10. If I (invite) ....................... fifty friends to my birthday party, my parents
(be) ....................... mad. lOMoAR cPSD| 40799667
Exercise 3: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc, sử
dụng câu điều kiện loại 2.
1. If we (have) ....................... a yacht, we (sail) ....................... the seven seas.
2. If he (have) ....................... more time, he (learn) ....................... karate.
3. If they (tell) ....................... their father, he (be) ....................... very angry.
4. She (spend) .......................
a year in the USA if it (be) .......................
easier to get a green card.
5. If their son (be) ....................... taller, he (be) ....................... a model.
6. We (help) ....................... you if we (know) ....................... how.
7. My brother (buy) .......................
a sport car if he (have) ....................... enough money.
8. If I (feel) ....................... better, I (go) ....................... to the cinema with you.
9. If you (go) ....................... by bike more often, you (not be) ....................... so flabby.
10. She (not talk) ....................... to you if she (be) ....................... mad at you.
Exercise 4: Chọn câu trả lời đúng:
1. I ______(visit) Philip’s friend if I ______(have) her
address. A. visited – had B. would visit – had
C. would visit – have
2. If Sany ______(have) free time, he ______(come) to Linda’s party. lOMoAR cPSD| 40799667 A. had – would come B. had – will come C. had – came
3. They ______(save) more money if they ______(not buy) those
goods. A. would save – didn’t buy B. would save – don’t
buy C. saved – don’t buy
4. If they ______(decide) to stay here, they ______(spend) more time for
each other. A. decided – spent
B. decided – will spend C.
decided – would spend
5. If we ______(talk) about this topic, Ahn ______(be) very happy. A. talked – will be B. talked – would be C. talked – was
6. If I were you, I ______(not drink) red
wine. A. wouldn’t drink B. won’t drink lOMoAR cPSD| 40799667 C. didn’t drink
7. If Lanny ______(live) in Vietnam, she ______(speak) Vietnamese
fluently. A. lived – could speak B. lived – spoke C. lived – will speak
8. They ______(get) the trophy if they ______(win) the match. A. got – won B. will get – won C. would get – won
9. If Lam ______(shave) his head, her parents
______(be) mad. A. shaved – would be B. shaved – will be C. shaved – were
10. If I ______(catch) that bus, I ______(go) to school on
time. A. caught – went B. caught – will go C. caught – would go
11. What ______(Chi/do) if she ______(fail) the entrance exam? lOMoAR cPSD| 40799667
A. did Chi do – failed
B. will Chi do – failed
C. would Chi do – failed
12. If you ______(do) exercise regularly, you ______(not
get) ill. A. did – won’t get B. did – wouldn’t get C. did – don’t get
13. Where ______(you/choose) if you ______(travel) around the
world? A. would you choose – traveled
B. do you choose – traveled
C. will you choose – traveled
14. If they ______(live) in America for 2 years, their English
______(improve). A. lived – will improve
B. lived – would improve C. lived – improved
15. If David ______(act) more friendlily, more people ______(like) to talk
to him. A. acted – liked B. acted – will like lOMoAR cPSD| 40799667
C. acted – would like