GIỚI TỪ (PREPOSITIONS) – Ms. LANA
1. Giới từ đi với cụm trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn (Prepositions of Time and Place):
2. Giới từ chỉ vị trí: * LƯU Ý:
GIỚI TỪ + DANH TỪ/ V-ING GIỚI NGHĨA Ví dụ ABOUT Khoảng + about 5 meters Về (chủ đề…) + Tell be about it. ABOVE Ở trên (ko chạm vật
+ The plane flies above the building bên dưới)
+ above sea level/ above 30 degrees Trên mức
+ above 100 people => over 100 people ACROSS Băng qua
+ We took a boat across the river. AMID/ AMIDST Ở giữa (thường đi
+ He finished his speech amid/ amidst với điều gì gây hào tremendous applause. hứng hay lo sợ) AFTER Sau + We should meet after lunch. AGAINST Chống lại, ngược lại
+ I was running against the wind.
+ She leaned against the wall. AHEAD (OF) Ở phía trước + Two boys were ahead of us. + ahead of schedule ALONG Dọc theo, trên (đôi
+ There are many shops along the main road. khi = on)
+ along the river, along the corridor, along the path ALONG WITH Cùng với
+ I took an umbrella, along with my coat.
+ I go to the market along with my brother. ALONGSIDE
Sát cạnh, kế bên, dọc + I worked alongside him for many weeks. theo AMONG Ở giữa (từ 3 đối + I lost him among the crowd. tượng trở lên)
+ She was among the top students. Một trong số AROUND Bao quanh
+ She had a scarf around her neck. Đó đây khắp nơi
+ I am wandering around the showroom. Loanh quanh, gần
+ Will you be around next week? đây
+ Smartphones have been around for a while. Xuất hiện, có sẵn + around two months ago 1 Khoảng
+ The meeting was around safety issues. Liên quan đến AS Như, như là (+ vai + I used to work as a waiter. trò, công việc) + As usual, I’ am hungry AS FOR Về phần + As for Jim, he’s failed. AS OF Kể từ
+ You can check-in as of 3 p.m. AS WELL AS Cũng như, và
+ Running is healthy as well as making you feel good. ASIDE
Để dành, cất một bên + I’ll put the book aside for you. Sang một bên
+ Stand aside, please, and let these people pass. ASIDE FROM Ngoại trừ, ngoài
+ We didn’t get any money aside from travel expenses. AT Vào lúc + at five o’clock
Ở tại (địa điểm cụ + We have arrived at the pier. thể) BACK Về phía sau
+ He promises to never look back on the Trở lại, trở về past. + come back home BACKWARD Về phía sau + His work is going backward. Đi lùi + walk backward BEFORE Trước + before noon, before Monday BEHIND Phía sau + behind the door
+ You should leave the darkness of your past behind. BELOW Bên dưới, ở phía
+ It hurt here just below the knee. dưới
+ Read the sentences below carefullu. BENEATH Ở dưới + beneath the branches Kém xa, không xứng
+ As a musician, he is far beneath his brother. + beneath notice BESIDE Bên cạnh
+ I sat beside Lucy at the party. BETWEEN
Ở giữa (2 đối tượng) + She weighs between 50 and 60 kilograms. (+and)
+ You shouldn’t eat between meals. BEYOND Phía bên kia
+ Our house is just beyond the bridge.
Vượt quá, vượt ngoài + Few people live beyond the age of 100. BY Bởi
+ The book was translated by a famous author. Bằng cách
+ He learn English by listening to the radio Bên cạnh + I prefer to sit by window. Trước (+deadline)
+ Can you submit the report by Tuesday? DOWN Xuống + Is this lift going down? DOWNWARD(S Hướng xuống + The arrow pointed downward. ) DURING
Trong suốt + khoảng + during summer, during the month, during thời gian five years EXCEPT (FOR) Ngoại trừ
+ I can eat any food except beans. FAR FROM Xa
+ The park isn’t too far from my house. Chưa, còn lâu mới
+ Her novel is far from complete. 2 FOLLOWING Theo sau = after
+ Following the ballgame, there will be a firework display. FOR Cho ai, vì ai
+ There is a phone message for you. Để mục đích
+ Sorry, this book is not for sale.
Trong (khoảng cách, + We walked for miles. thời gian..) So với
+ She is very mature for her age. FORWARD Về phía trước
+ I always look forward, not back. FROM Từ (vị trí, thời gian,
+ The wind is coming from the north. nguồn gốc…) + from seven o’clock + This desk is made from pine.
FROM NOW ON Từ giờ trở đi
+ From now on, we’ll stick to the rules. IN Trong
+ They live in a charming old house. Trong (tình huống,
+ Can you finish the job in 30 minutes?
điều kiện, hoàn cảnh) + He’s living in luxury in France. Trong trang phục
+ The girl in jeans is my friend. IN BETWEEN Ở giữa (2 mốc thời
+ Classes are 40 minutes long with a 10- gian) minute break in between. INCLUDING Bao gồm
+ The camera sells for $500, not including the tripod. INTO Đi vào bên trong + Let’s go into the garden. Chuyển sang, thành
+ Peel the cucumber and chop it into small cubes. IN FRONT OF Ở phía trước
+ There’s a parking space in front of the hotel. INSIDE Ở bên trong
+ She grabbed the bag and looked inside. LIKE Giống như (so sánh) + He seems like a nice man.
+ Like your father, I’ll hep you as much as I can. NEAR Gần
+ She’s sitting near the fire. (nearby the fire) NEXT TO Kế bên, bên cạnh + Can I sit next to you?
+ Next to English, my best language is Spanish. OF Của
+ Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam. OFF Ra khỏi + He fell off his bike.
+ We’re still a long way off our target of $1000.
+ I’m off alcohol for a week. ON Trên (bề mặt thứ + The book is on the desk.
khác, phương tiện…) + on foot, on the ferry Vào lúc (+ ngày)
+ What were you doing on Monday? Liên quan, về chủ đề
+ books on science/ workshop on AI ONTO Đi lên phía trên + We got onto the train. OPPOSITE Đối diện + He sat opposite me. OUT Bên ngoài + Get out! Vắng mặt tạm thời
+ Someone called while you’re out. OUTSIDE Ở ngoài trời + It was a sunny day outside. OUT OF Ra khỏi (cái gì đó)
+ I jumped out of bed and ran downstairs. OVER Hơn, quá + I get over 60 emails a day. 3 Lên, lên trên + They put a blanket over her. Qua, trải qua
+ Over the years, she has worked really hard. Trên khắp + all over the world Băng qua, ngang qua
+ There is a bridge over the river. Qua, bằng cách thức + I heard it over the radio. Về (nói về)
+ We should talk over the matter. Hết, chấm dứt + We’re over! PAST Vượt quá + It’s past your bedtime! Đi quá, đi qua + I walk past the post office. PLUS Thêm vào, cộng
+ There will be two adults travelling, plus thêm two children. ROUND Bao quanh
+ The moon goes around the Earth. SINCE Kể từ khi (+ mốc
+ He has missed her since she left. thời gian trong quá
+ since 1990, since yesterday… khứ) THROUGH Xuyên qua
+ They walked slowly through the woods. Cho đến
+ Passing grades are from A through E. THROUGHOUT Xuyên suốt, trong
+ Mistakes have been made throughout suốt, trên khắp history.
+ He is well-known throughout the world. TILL Cho đến khi
+ She did not publish her first novel till 1915. TO Đến + We went to Japan last year.
+ It’s only two weeks to Christmas. TOGETHER Cùng với, thêm vào
+ I gave him steak together with a good WITH bottle of wine. TOWARD(S) Về phía + Go towards the bridge. UNDER Ở dưới (chạm hoặc He hid under the bed. ko) All items cost under a pound. Thấp hơn
The work was completed under very difficult conditions. Dưới (hoàn cảnh, áp
The situation is still not under control. lực, tình huống, sự
The restaurant is now under new quản lý, thời kỳ…) management UNDERNEATH
Ở bên dưới = below, + The tunnel goes right underneath the city. under UNTIL Cho đến khi
+ She did not publish her first novel until1915. UP Lên (vị trí cao hơn)
+ Put those books up on the top shelf. + Oil prices went up. UPON Ở trên = on
+ Upon her head she wore a black velvet hat. Ngay khi, khi
+ Upon your arrival, report to the reception desk. UP TO Đủ khả năng
+ He wants to compete at international level,
but honestly I don't think he's up to it. Lên đến
+ Up to two hundred people were on board the ship.
Cho tới = Until = Till + Up to yesterday, we had no idea where the child was. 4 Tuỳ thuộc vào
+ It's up to the manager to make the final decision. VIA Qua, đi qua, thông
+ The London to Cairo flight goes via Rome. qua WITH Với + I was angry with him. Cùng với
+ I was with Sylvia at the time. WITHIN Trong vòng (thời
+ The tickets should reach you within a gian, khoảng cách) week.
+ The convenience store is within walking Trong giới hạn, distance. không vượt quá
+ She managed to complete her last film well within budget. + I was acting within the law. WITHOUT Mà không, không có + I left without my umbrella.
+ You look nice without make-up.
+ You shouldn’t drive for more than three hours without taking a break.
Exercise 1: Hoàn thành các câu sau bằng 3 giới từ in, on, at
1. Lucy is arriving _________ February the 13th _________ eight o'clock _________ the morning.
2. He is _________ the park with his children now.
3. The weather is often terrible in London _________ January.
4. It's better to get taxi if you are out alone _________ night
5. She got married _________ September.
6. Did you hear the news _________ television or read it _________ the newspaper?
7. They usually go to the south of France _________ the summer.
8. Columbus sailed to the Americas _________ the 16th century.
9. The Beatles were popular _________ the world.
10. I graduated from university _________ September 2001.
11. I usually go to my parents' house _________ Christmas. We eat turkey together _________ Christmas Day.
12. The fans coming with red lightsticks are waiting _________ the airport.
13. Smartphones are not practical _________ present, but they may be _________ the near future.
14. If I’m not wrong, the post office is _________ Lotus Street.
15. The members of the government will be chosen _________ 22nd July.
Exercise 2: Hoàn thành các câu sau bằng 3 giới từ in, on, at
1. Mark lived ____________ Manchester for 3 years.
2. There are always lots of activities ___________ Times Square.
3. The books were _______________the shelf.
4. The diagram is ____________page 12.
5. The eggs are ________________the box.
6. The food is ____________the table.
7. The keys were not ____________his pocket.
8. The taxi will be waiting _____________the hotel.
9. There is a beautiful garden _________the back of the house.
10. She was standing all by herself________ the bus stop.
11. He was sitting_________the top of the stairs. 5
12. There is such a mess ___________the kitchen!
13. There were many beautiful flowers_________ the garden.
14. We had dinner ____________a very nice restaurant.
15. They are dancing _____________the street!
16. We used to live ___________the third floor.
17. They live ___________France.
18. Times Square is ___________New York.
19. We agreed to meet ____________the airport.
20. There is a lot to see ______________Africa.
Exercise 3: Chọn giới từ thích hợp
1. Anna has returned ______ her home town.
2. The dog jumped ______ the lake.
3. Are the boys still swimming ______ the pool?
4. Thomas fell ______ the floor.
5. The plane landed ______ the runway.
6. We drove _____ the river for an hour but turned north before we reached it.
7. The kids climbed ______ the monkey bars.
8. Joanna got ______ Fred's car.
9. The baby spilled his cereal ______ the floor.
10. We cried to the man on the ladder, "Hang ______!" 11. I went ______ the gym.
12. Matthew and Michelle moved the table ______ the dining room.
13. Allan left your keys ______ the table.
14. Dr. Karper apologized for interrupting us and told us to carry ______ with our discussion.
15. I walk ______ the amusement park.
16. Pat drove Mike ______ the airport.
17. Glenn almost fell ______ the river.
18. The waitress noticed that there was no more Diet Pepsi ______ Marty's glass.
19. Lee and Sarah took the bus that was heading ______ the university.
30. Mary Sue jumped ______ the stage and danced. HOMEWORK
Exercise 1: Hoàn thành các câu sau bằng 3 giới từ in, on, at
1. Did you learn something ___________school?
2. Don't put all your eggs_____________ one basket.
3. Eric is studying____________the university.
4. I live _______________12 Columbus Street.
5. Is John still______________bed?
6. I've read it____________a book.
7. James met us___________the door.
8. Janet is _____________home right now.
9. I was stuck_________that traffic jam for hours!
10. She fell asleep __________the armchair.
11. Let's take the bus____________ Columbus Street.
12. There were no clouds ____________the sky.
13. Matthew was______________ work when I called.
14. Megan will be_____________the office from nine to four.
15. Mirror, mirror ___________the wall, ...
16. Rachel is ___________her desk. 6
17. The paper is ___________ his desk.
18. There will be many new people ___________ the party.
19. Kelly took us for a ride _______________her new car.
20. She looked _____________herself in the mirror.
Exercise 2: Hoàn thành các câu sau với giới từ thích hợp.
1. Henry Ford was born _________ the 30th _________ July 1863.
2. He made his first car, the Quadricycle, _________ June 1896.
3. _________ 1903, he founded the Ford Motor Company.
4. Modern mass production _________ cars was developed _________ him.
5. Ford's Model T could then be assembled _________ just 93 minutes.
6. _________ 1927, 15 million Model T cars had been manufactured _________ the Ford Motor Company.
7. Henry Ford became one _________ the richest and best-known people _________ the world.
Exercise 3: Chọn đáp án đúng
1. Be careful when you walk _____ the street. A. through B. above C. across D. up
2. Please, go ___________ the stairs carefully. A. below B. down C. through D. at
3. Put the toys _______ the basket, please. A. on B. in C. up D. through
4. I saw them. They were walking __________ the town. A. into B. under C. towards D. above
5. The dog is ___________ the bed. A. through B. between C. into D. under
6. He fell ___________ the bridge but he was OK. A. over B. under C. up D. off
7. I like skiing ___________ big mountains. A. up B. down C. over D. across
8. I have photographs of my family _______ the wall of my office. A. on B. next to C. at D. in
9. Mr. Smith's jacket is _______ the closet. A. under B. in C. at D. from
10. Where's John? He's over there. He's standing________ Ellen. A. on B. under C. next to D. between
11. It arrives_________ Chicago at ten o'clock. A. at B. in C. near D. from 7
12. The teacher stands ________the class. A. from B. at C. in front of D. by
Exercise 4: Chọn câu trả lời đúng
2. Randy Waters will be doing a product demonstration ------- the electronics convention in Atlanta. (A) out (B) at (C) into (D) across
2. ------- graduating from Laccord University, Jing Xiong worked for Osiris Financial Service. (A) During (B) After (C) Next (D) Above
3. The Estes Museum explores the life and work of artist Mariella Estes and is located just ------- of Valparaiso, Chile. (A) outside (B) through (C) next (D) beyond
4. Ms. Amari has scanned the grant applications, and they will be submitted ------- the deadline (A) along (B) over (C) during (D) by
5. Please make a note ------- your customer and receipt numbers in case you need to contact us about your order. (A) for (B) from (C) of (D) off
6. Choosing ------- two very qualified candidates was not easy, but the board has asked Mr.
Diego to be the international school's next director. (A) between (B) within (C) about (D) along
7. This sewing workshop is ideal for beginner tailors ------- professionals who would like to refresh their knowledge. (A) but (B) either (C) as well as (D) additionally
8. The cost of round-trip air transportation is included ------- the nine-day cruise package. (A) by (B) in 8 (C) at (D) to
9. Patrons who arrive at the theater ------- the show has begun will not be seated until the intermission. (A) wherever (B) into (C) along (D) after
10. The Milltown Cinema's outdoor cafe will be closed ------- the winter months. (A) about (B) out of (C) next to (D) during 9