TR NG NGO ƯỜ I NG Ạ - XÃ H Ữ I V
Ộ À NHÂN VĂN – Đ I H Ạ C DUY T Ọ ÂN KHOA TIẾẾNG ANH B MÔN: READING 3 Ộ
---------------------------------------------- BÀI T P VẾỀ NHÀ Ậ Question 4:
4.1. What is the difference between Adjective and Adverd ?
4.2. Functions and position of Adjective and Adverd ?
Giảng viên hướng dẫn : Nguyễn Đào Bích Ty Lớp : ENG 216
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4.1. What is the difference between Adjective and Adverd ?..............................................................3
4.2. Functions and position of Adjective and Adverd ?..........................................................................4
4.2.1. What is Adjective ?............................................................................................................................... 4
4.2.2. Functions and position of Adjective.............................................................................................. 4
A. Functions of Adjective........................................................................................................................... 4
B. Position of Adjective............................................................................................................................... 4
4.2.3. What is Adverb ?................................................................................................................................... 6
4.2.4. Functions and position of Adverb.................................................................................................. 6
A. Functions of Adverb............................................................................................................................... 6
B. Position of Adverb................................................................................................................................... 7
Adverbs with verbs...................................................................................................................................... 7
Adverbs with adjectives/adverbs.......................................................................................................8
Kind of adverb can influence position.............................................................................................8
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4.1. What is the difference between Adjective and Adverd ?
Adjectives and adverbs are often confused in grammar because they’re both words
that describe other words. The difference between adjectives and adverbs is which types of words they describe.
Adjectives describe only nouns, including pronouns. So if you have a noun like dog,
you can give more details about it by adding adjectives. •
the smelly, wet, brown dog
Sometimes multiple words work together to describe a noun. This is called an
adjective phrase, and you can treat these groups of words the same as individual adjectives. •
Quantum physics is too complicated to understand.
Adverbs commonly describe verbs. They add details to show how an action is done, as
with the adverbs quickly or slowly, or the frequency of the action, as with the adverbs often or sometimes. •
She worked quietly all afternoon. •
He always showers after the gym.
Additionally, special adverbs like really or very can also describe other adverbs. When
adverbs are used like this, they usually describe the degree of intensity or frequency. •
She worked very quietly all afternoon. •
He almost always showers after the gym.
Likewise, adverbs can also describe adjectives, again typically specifying the degree of
intensity or frequency. •
The often rude manager eats lunch alone. •
The very large man sat in a really small chair.
In the last example, the adjective large describes the noun man, and the adverb very
describes the adjective large. Similarly, the adverb really describes the adjective small,
which describes the noun chair.
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The best way to tell the difference between an adjective and an adverb is to identify
the word it describes. If the word being described is a noun, then it’s an adjective; if the
word being described is a verb, adjective, or another adverb, then it’s an adverb.
Sometimes you can use a shortcut to tell the difference between adjectives and
adverbs. If you see a word with –ly at the end, it’s usually an adverb.
Be careful, though, because this isn’t always true. For example, words like curly,
elderly, friendly, and lovely are all adjectives that end in –ly. However, most words ending
in –ly are adverbs, and remembering this can help you distinguish between adjectives and
adverbs that have the same root word. adjective: calm The calm morning passed. adverb: calmly
The morning calmly passed.
4.2. Functions and position of Adjective and Adverd ?
4.2.1. What is Adjective ?
Adjective (noun) /ad·jec·tive/ also / a-j ˈ -tiv/ ə
A word belonging to one of the major form classes in any of numerous languages and
typically serving as a modifier of a noun to denote a quality of the thing named, to
indicate its quantity or extent, or to specify a thing as distinct from something else
The word red in "the red car" is an adjective.
4.2.2. Functions and position of Adjective A. Functions of Adjective
An adjective is a word that modifies or describes a noun or pronoun. Adjectives
can be used to describe the qualities of someone or something independently or in
comparison to something else.
Examples: I like old houses.
B. Position of Adjective
An adjective usually comes right before a noun: "a red dress," "fifteen people." When
an adjective follows a linking verb such as be or seem, it is called a predicate adjective:
"That building is huge," "The workers seem happy." Most adjectives can be used as
predicate adjectives, although some are always used before a noun. Similarly, a few
adjectives can only be used as predicate adjectives and are never used before a noun.
Some adjectives describe qualities that can exist in different amounts or degrees. To
do this, the adjective will either change in form (usually by adding -er or -est) or will be
used with words like more, most, very, slightly, etc.: "the older girls," "the longest day of
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the year," "a very strong feeling," "more expensive than that one." Other adjectives
describe qualities that do not vary—"nuclear energy," "a medical doctor"—and do not change form.
The four demonstrative adjectives—this, that, these, and those—are identical to the
demonstrative pronouns. They are used to distinguish the person or thing being described
from others of the same category or class. This and these describe people or things that
are nearby, or in the present. That and those are used to describe people or things that
are not here, not nearby, or in the past or future. These adjectives, like the definite and
indefinite articles (a, an, and the), always come before any other adjectives that modify a noun.
An indefinite adjective describes a whole group or class of people or things, or a
person or thing that is not identified or familiar. The most common indefinite adjectives
are: all, another, any, both, each, either, enough, every, few, half, least, less, little, many,
more, most, much, neither, one (and two, three, etc.), other, several, some, such, whole.
The interrogative adjectives—primarily which, what, and whose—are used to begin
questions. They can also be used as interrogative pronouns.
Which horse did you bet on? = Which did you bet on?
What songs did they sing? = What did they sing?
Whose coat is this? = Whose is this?
The possessive adjectives—my, your, his, her, its, our, their—tell you who has, owns, or
has experienced something, as in "I admired her candor, "Our cat is 14 years old," and
"They said their trip was wonderful."
Nouns often function like adjectives. When they do, they are called attributive nouns.
When two or more adjectives are used before a noun, they should be put in proper
order. Any article (a, an, the), demonstrative adjective (that, these, etc.), indefinite
adjective (another, both, etc.), or possessive adjective (her, our, etc.) always comes first. If
there is a number, it comes first or second. True adjectives always come before attributive
nouns. The ordering of true adjectives will vary, but the following order is the most common: opinion word size → age → → shape c → olor nationality → material. →
Participles are often used like ordinary adjectives. They may come before a noun or
after a linking verb. A present participle (an -ing word) describes the person or thing that
causes something; for example, a boring conversation is one that bores you. A past
participle (usually an -ed word) describes the person or thing who has been affected by
something; for example, a bored person is one who has been affected by boredom.
They had just watched an exciting soccer game.
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The instructions were confusing.
She's excited about the trip to North Africa.
Several confused students were asking questions about the test. 4.2.3. What is Adverb ?
A word belonging to one of the major form classes in any of numerous languages,
typically serving as a modifier of a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a preposition, a
phrase, a clause, or a sentence, expressing some relation of manner or quality, place, time,
degree, number, cause, opposition, affirmation, or denial, and in English also serving to
connect and to express comment on clause content
4.2.4. Functions and position of Adverb A. Functions of Adverb
Adverbs are words that usually modify—that is, they limit or restrict the meaning of
—verbs. They may also modify adjectives, other adverbs, phrases, or even entire sentences.
An adverb answers the question when?, where?, how?, how much?, how long?, or how often?:
The elections are coming soon.
They only shopped locally.
They are happily married.
The roads are very steep.
He stopped by briefly to say hello.
My daughter calls me regularly.
Most adverbs are formed by adding -ly to an adjective. If the adjective already ends in
-y, the -y usually changes to -i. bold / boldly solid / solidly
interesting / interestingly heavy / heavily
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unnecessary / unnecessarily
There are, however, many common adverbs that do not end in -ly, such as again, also,
just, never, often, soon, today, too, very, and well.
There are a few different kinds of adverbs. The words when, where, why, and how are
called interrogative adverbs when they begin a question.
When did the event occur? Where is the proof? Why was he so late? How did they get here?
The relative adverbs—where, when, and why (how is sometimes included as well)—
introduce subordinate clauses (also called dependent clauses), which are clauses that do
not form simple sentences by themselves.
This is the house where I grew up.
They go to bed when they want to.
She wondered why the door was open.
When an adverb modifies a whole sentence or clause, it is called a sentence adverb.
Words such as fortunately, frankly, hopefully, and luckily are generally used as sentence
adverbs and usually express the speaker's feelings about the content of the sentence. Such
adverbs normally come at the beginning of a sentence, but may also come in the middle or at the end.
Unfortunately, Friday will be cloudy.
Friday, unfortunately, will be cloudy.
Friday will be cloudy, unfortunately. B. Position of Adverb Adverbs with verbs
When an adverb modifies a verb, there are usually 3 possible positions within the sentence or clause:
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1. FRONT - before subject Now I will read a book.
2. MID - between subject + verb I often read books.
3. END - after verb/object
I read book carefully s .
Adverbs with adjectives/adverbs
When an adverb modifies an adjective or another adverb, it usually goes in front of
the word that it modifies, for example: adverb adjective She gave him a really dirty look. adverb adverb We quite often study English.
Kind of adverb can influence position
The position of an adverb often depends on the kind of adverb (manner, place, time,
degree). The following table gives you some guidelines for placement based on the kind of adverb. kind
of mainly modifies sentence usual adverb position adverb manner verbs
She spok gently. END e
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of mainly modifies sentence usual adverb position adverb place verbs He lived here. END tim definite verbs I'll do it today. END e frequenc We often go to Paris MID y . degree verbs, adj. and I nearly died. MID adv. It was terribl funny. before adj. y He works really fast. before adv.
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