Tiếng Anh B1 CUỐI KỲ: Từ Vựng và Bài Tập về Môi Trường | Trường Đại học Khoa Học Xã Hội và Nhân Văn, Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội

1. ANIMALS Từ vựng Nghĩa Collocations Từ đồng nghĩa Từ trái nghĩa (Synonyms) (Antonyms) domestic động vật keep/raise domestic pet, domesticated wild animal animal nuôi animals creature trong nhà endangered loài có protect/conserve vulnerable common species nguy cơ endangered species, species, species, tuyệt critically endangered threatened abundant chủng species species forest / jungle Rừng / tropical/dense forest, woods, desert, barren Rừng exploring the jungle wilderness, land rậm rainforest predator động vật top/apex predator, hunter, carnivore prey, herbivore săn mồi avoid predators prey con mồi fall victim to prey, quarry, victim predator, hunt for prey hunter habitat môi natural/marine environment, (Không có trực trường habitat, destroy a dwelling, territory tiếp) sống habitat zoo sở thú go to/visit the zoo, wildlife park, wild urban zoo sanctuary (nếu có tính bảo tồn) pet thú cưng have/adopt a pet, companion (Không có trực exotic pet animal, tiếp) domesticated animal animal trại cứu volunteer at an rescue center (Không có trực shelter hộ động animal shelter, run a tiếp) vật shelter adopt (a pet) nhận adopt a dog/cat from take in, foster abandon, nuôi (thú a shelter purchase cưng) (mua) hunt săn bắn go hunting, illegal chase, pursue, protect, hunting, hunt for food track conserve protect bảo vệ protect wildlife/the conserve, harm, destroy, environment, strictly safeguard, endanger protect preserve feed cho ăn feed the animals, nourish, provide starve, deprive regularly feed food for of food train (an huấn train a dog, teach, instruct, (Không có trực animal) luyện well-trained animal discipline tiếp) động vật wild hoang dã go/run wild, wild untamed, savage, domestic, animals/nature natural tame, civilized friendly thân a friendly dog, act amiable, hostile, thiện friendly amicable, unfriendly, welcoming aggressive loyal trung fiercely loyal, loyal faithful, devoted, disloyal, thành companion trusty treacherous extinction sự tuyệt face/prevent disappearance, existence, chủng extinction, mass demise survival extinction biodiversity đa dạng rich/maintain
biological diversity uniformity sinh học biodiversity, loss of biodiversity ecosystem hệ sinh marine/fragile
biological system, (Không có trực thái ecosystem, preserve environment tiếp) the ecosystem poaching săn bắn stop/prevent illegal hunting conservation trái phép poaching, rampant poaching conservation bảo tồn wildlife conservation, preservation, destruction, conservation efforts
protection, upkeep exploitation wildlife khu bảo establish a wildlife sanctuary, nature (Không có trực reserve
tồn động reserve, visit a reserve tiếp) vật reserve hoang dã natural môi return to their natural indigenous artificial habitat habitat trường habitat, restore a environment sống tự habitat nhiên endangered có nguy highly endangered,
threatened, at risk safe, abundant cơ tuyệt become endangered chủng illegal trade
buôn bán crack down on illegal illicit commerce, legal trade, bất hợp trade, banned trade black market authorized sale pháp species loài new species, kind, type, variety (Không có trực protecting a species tiếp) migration sự di cư seasonal migration, movement, settlement, animal migration journey, relocation remaining nocturnal hoạt nocturnal animal, night-active diurnal (hoạt động về become nocturnal động ban đêm ngày) camouflage ngụy use camouflage, disguise, visibility, trang effective camouflage concealment exposure 2. CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS Từ vựng Nghĩa Collocations (Kết hợp Từ đồng nghĩa Từ trái nghĩa (Tiếng từ) (Synonyms) (Antonyms) Việt) custom phong local custom, follow a practice, anomaly, tục custom, break with convention, deviation custom tradition tradition truyền ancient/long-standing heritage, custom, modernity, thống tradition, pass down a lore innovation tradition ceremony nghi lễ wedding/opening
ritual, rite, service (Không có trực ceremony, hold a tiếp) ceremony ancestor tổ tiên worship/respect forefather, descendant ancestors, common predecessor ancestor funeral đám attend a funeral, state burial service, (Không có trực tang funeral interment tiếp) worship thờ cúng ancestor worship, adore, venerate, despise, freedom of worship idolize disregard identity bản sắc cultural/national self, character, uniformity identity, sense of individuality identity ritual nghi perform/daily ritual, ceremony, spontaneity thức religious ritual routine, custom integration sự hòa social/cultural assimilation, segregation, nhập integration, promote merging, blending separation integration festival lễ hội traditional/annual celebration, (Không có trực festival, celebrate a carnival, gala tiếp) festival holiday kì nghỉ public/bank holiday, go vacation, break, workday on holiday recess greeting lời chào exchange greetings, salutation, farewell, formal greeting welcome goodbye generation thế hệ next/younger
age group, cohort (Không có trực generation, a whole tiếp) generation superstition mê tín common superstition, myth, irrational fact, logic believe in superstition belief lunar new Tết âm celebrate Lunar New Tet, Spring Solar New year lịch Year, Vietnamese Lunar Festival Year New Year pray cầu pray for peace, kneel to supplicate, command, nguyện pray implore demand symbol biểu national symbol, a emblem, (Không có trực tượng symbol of peace representation, tiếp) token cultural di sản preserve cultural legacy, cultural (Không có trực heritage văn hóa heritage, rich heritage inheritance tiếp) religious tôn giáo religious spiritual, devout, secular, (thuộc belief/freedom/rite sacred non-religious về) generational khoảng bridge the generational age difference, generational gap cách thế gap, wide generational communication harmony hệ gap gap 3. HISTORY Từ vựng Nghĩa Collocations (Kết hợp Từ đồng Từ trái nghĩa (Tiếng từ) nghĩa (Antonyms) Việt) (Synonyms) ancient cổ đại ancient antique, modern, civilization/history/ruins archaic, contemporary prehistoric soldier người brave/retired soldier, trooper, civilian lính train soldiers serviceman, combatant flag lá cờ
national flag, raise a flag, banner, (Không có trực half-mast flag standard, tiếp) colors country quốc developing/home nation, state, (Không có trực gia country, independent land tiếp) country famous nổi world-famous, become well-known, unknown, tiếng famous for renowned, obscure celebrated historical
sự kiện major historical event, milestone, current event event lịch sử recount an event historical moment revolution cuộc industrial/political upheaval, stability, status cách revolution, start a rebellion, quo mạng revolution uprising independence nền độc gain/declare autonomy, dependence, lập independence, fight for sovereignty, subjugation independence freedom battle trận
major/fierce battle, win a fight, conflict, truce, peace đánh battle engagement war hero anh
national war hero, honor military hero traitor, coward hùng a war hero chiến tranh historical nhân prominent historical historical contemporary figure vật lịch figure, study figures personage figure sử empire đế chế great/powerful empire,
realm, domain, republic, nation collapse of an empire kingdom victory chiến achieve/claim victory, triumph, defeat, failure thắng decisive victory success, win defeat sự thất suffer a defeat, military failure, loss, victory, bại defeat setback success declare tuyên formally declare proclaim surrender, independence bố độc independence sovereignty yield lập historical site di tích
preserve/visit a historical monument, modern lịch sử site, ancient site landmark building museum bảo national/art museum, gallery, (Không có trực tàng curator of a museum exhibition hall tiếp) preserve
bảo tồn duty to preserve history conserve erase history history lịch sử history, safeguard the past monument tượng build/erect a monument, statue, (Không có trực đài war monument memorial, tiếp) landmark century thế kỷ 21st century, turn of the period of 100 (Không có trực century years, age, era tiếp) decade thập kỷ last decade, the roaring period of 10 (Không có trực twenties years tiếp) movement phong social/political campaign, stillness, trào movement, start a crusade, drive inertia movement 4. TRANSPORT Từ vựng Nghĩa
Collocations (Kết hợp Từ đồng nghĩa Từ trái nghĩa (Tiếng từ) (Synonyms) (Antonyms) Việt) public phương
rely on public transport, mass transit, private transport tiện giao efficient transport public transport thông transportation công cộng private phương use private transport, personal vehicle public transport tiện cá owning private transport nhân transport means of phương common means of mode of (Không có transport tiện di transport, preferred transport, trực tiếp) chuyển means conveyance traffic jam tắc stuck in a traffic jam, gridlock, clear road, đường avoid traffic jams congestion, free-flowing bottleneck traffic rush hour giờ cao during/avoid rush peak time off-peak hour điểm hour, morning rush hour fare tiền vé pay bus/train a fare, ticket price, (Không có fare, reduced fare charge, cost trực tiếp) ticket vé buy/check a ticket, voucher, pass, (Không có round-trip ticket coupon trực tiếp) route tuyến
main/direct route, plan path, way, (Không có đường a route course trực tiếp) speed limit giới hạn obey the speed limit, maximum speed unlimited tốc độ increase the speed speed limit seatbelt dây an
fasten/wear a seatbelt, safety harness (Không có toàn safety belt trực tiếp) pedestrian người đi crosswalk for walker, driver, cyclist bộ pedestrians, hit a foot-traveller pedestrian passenger hành carry passengers, traveller, driver, crew khách air/train passenger commuter, rider driver tài xế experienced/careful chauffeur, passenger driver, professional motorist, driver operator commute đi làm daily commute, travel to work, (Không có (thường long/short commute regular journey trực tiếp) xuyên) arrive / depart
đến / khởi arrive at/depart from arrive: reach; arrive: depart; hành the station, estimated depart: leave, depart: arrive arrival time set off delay trì hoãn flight/train delay, hold-up, promptness, cause a delay postponement, speed backlog congestion sự tắc
traffic congestion, ease overcrowding, flow, nghẽn congestion blockage, jam openness infrastructure cơ sở hạ transport/improve foundation, (Không có tầng infrastructure, poor framework, trực tiếp) infrastructure system traffic signal tín hiệu obey a traffic signal, traffic light, (Không có giao red signal stoplight trực tiếp) thông environmental tác động assess environmental
ecological effect, (Không có impact đến môi impact, minimize footprint trực tiếp) trường impact traffic violation vi phạm commit a traffic breaking traffic obeying traffic giao violation, minor laws, moving laws thông violation violation road điều kiện poor/hazardous road state of the road (Không có conditions
đường xá conditions, check trực tiếp) conditions emission khí thải carbon emission, discharge, intake, reduce emissions pollutants, absorption fumes 5. ENVIRONMENT Từ vựng Nghĩa Collocations (Kết Từ đồng nghĩa Từ trái nghĩa (Tiếng hợp từ) (Synonyms) (Antonyms) Việt) environment môi natural/urban surroundings, (Không có trực trường environment, protect setting, tiếp) the environment ecosystem pollution ô nhiễm air/water pollution, contamination, purity, combat pollution taint, fouling cleanliness climate biến đổi tackle/address global warming, climate stability change khí hậu climate change, climatic shift adverse change global hiện
slow global warming, climate change, global cooling warming tượng effects of global rising nóng lên warming temperatures toàn cầu greenhouse hiệu ứng intensify the atmospheric (Không có trực effect nhà kính greenhouse effect, warming tiếp) gases effect endangered loài có
(Lặp lại - Xem mục 1) (Lặp lại - Xem (Lặp lại - Xem species nguy cơ mục 1) mục 1) tuyệt chủng deforestation nạn phá mass deforestation, logging, forest reforestation, rừng halt deforestation clearance afforestation natural tài exploit/conserve raw materials, man-made resources nguyên natural resources, reserves resources thiên finite resources nhiên renewable năng invest in renewable sustainable non-renewable energy
lượng tái energy, wind/solar energy, clean energy tạo energy energy recycling việc tái
encourage recycling, reprocessing, disposal, chế paper/plastic reclamation dumping recycling environment-f thân environment-friendl eco-friendly, environmentally riendly thiện với y products/practices green, harmful môi sustainable trường ecosystem hệ sinh
(Lặp lại - Xem mục 1) (Lặp lại - Xem (Lặp lại - Xem thái mục 1) mục 1) biodiversity đa dạng
(Lặp lại - Xem mục 1) (Lặp lại - Xem (Lặp lại - Xem sinh học mục 1) mục 1) fossil fuels
nhiên liệu burn fossil fuels, coal, oil, natural renewable hóa dependence on gas energy thạch fossil fuels sustainable
phát triển achieve sustainable eco-developmen unsustainable development bền vững development, t, long-term growth promote growth development conservation sự bảo
(Lặp lại - Xem mục 1) (Lặp lại - Xem (Lặp lại - Xem tồn mục 1) mục 1) emission khí thải
(Lặp lại - Xem mục 4) (Lặp lại - Xem (Lặp lại - Xem mục 4) mục 4) 6. HEALTH AND FITNESS Từ vựng Nghĩa Collocations (Kết hợp Từ đồng nghĩa Từ trái nghĩa (Tiếng từ) (Synonyms) (Antonyms) Việt) nutrition dinh good/poor nutrition, diet, starvation, dưỡng proper nutrition nourishment, malnutrition sustenance obesity béo phì childhood obesity, fight corpulence, thinness, obesity overweight slimness recovery hồi phục full/speedy recovery, recuperation, deterioration, make a recovery healing, revival relapse immunity hệ miễn boost/strong immunity, resistance, vulnerability dịch develop immunity defense system chronic bệnh
treat/suffer from chronic long-term illness acute disease disease mãn tính disease, prevent disease disease bệnh
infectious/rare disease, illness, sickness, health, wellness (danh từ) catch a disease ailment food chất phụ artificial food additives, preservatives, natural additives gia avoid additives coloring agents ingredients rest
nghỉ ngơi get enough rest, take a relaxation, activity, exertion rest repose, break injury chấn serious/minor injury, wound, harm, healing, thương recover from an injury trauma recovery headache đau đầu splitting/severe
migraine, pain in (Không có trực headache, have a the head tiếp) headache fever sốt high fever, run a fever, high (Không có trực break a fever temperature, tiếp) pyrexia lose
giảm cân try to lose weight, slim down, shed gain weight, put weight successfully lose pounds on weight weight stay in giữ dáng effort to stay in shape,
keep fit, maintain let oneself go, shape keep in shape condition get out of shape lifestyle lối sống healthy/sedentary
way of life, habit, (Không có trực lifestyle, change one's conduct tiếp) lifestyle routine
thói quen daily/fitness routine, habit, drill, spontaneity, (tập stick to a routine regimen irregularity luyện) portion phần, large/small portion,
serving, helping, whole, entirety khẩu control portions amount phần digestion sự tiêu
good/poor digestion, aid assimilation, indigestion hóa digestion breakdown of food balanced
cân bằng balanced diet/lifestyle, even, unbalanced, keep things balanced harmonious, uneven, erratic steady Luyện tập 1. Environment Protecting Our Green Planet
The Earth is our home, and its environment sustains all life. However, our
planet is currently facing numerous threats, primarily due to human
activities.Understanding these challenges is the first step toward creating a sustainable future.
One of the most pressing issues is climate change, largely driven by the
emission of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide (CO2). These gases trap heat
in the atmosphere, leading to global warming. The consequences are
far-reaching, including rising sea levels, more frequent and intense extreme
weather events such as hurricanes and droughts, and disruptions to ecosystems.
For instance, polar ice caps are melting at an alarming rate, threatening the
habitat of species like polar bears.
Another significant concern is plastic pollution. Millions of tons of plastic waste
end up in our oceans every year, harming marine life. Sea turtles often mistake
plastic bags for jellyfish, and fish ingest tiny plastic fragments, which then enter
the food chain. This invisible threat affects not only ocean ecosystems but
potentially human health as well.
Deforestation – the clearing of forests – is equally damaging. Forests are often
called the "lungs of the Earth" because they absorb CO2 and produce oxygen.
When they are cut down, the stored carbon is released back into the atmosphere,
worsening climate change. Furthermore, deforestation destroys the natural
habitats of countless plant and animal species, leading to a loss of biodiversity.
Fortunately, the tide is turning. Sustainable practices and renewable energy
sources are gaining momentum. Switching from fossil fuels to solar and wind
power significantly reduces carbon emissions. On an individual level, students
and young people can make a difference by reducing, reusing, and recycling
(the 3 R's), conserving water, choosing public transport, or opting for bicycles.
Advocacy and educating others about environmental issues are also powerful tools.
Protecting our green planet requires global cooperation and individual
responsibility. Every small action contributes to the bigger picture.
Choose the best answer (A, B, C, or D) for each question.
1. What is the primary cause of the threats currently facing the Earth's
environment, according to the passage? A. Natural disasters
B. B. Changes in the sun's temperature C. C. Human activities D. D. Volcanic eruptions
2. Which gas is mentioned as the main driver of global warming and climate change? A. Oxygen (O2 ) B. Nitrogen (N2 ) C. C. Methane (CH 4 ) D. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 )
3. What is a consequence of rising sea levels, as mentioned in the text? A. Less frequent droughts
B. Threat to the habitat of polar bears C. The growth of new forests D. Increased biodiversity
4. The passage mentions that sea turtles often confuse plastic bags with what?
A. Small fish B. Plant fragments C. Jellyfish D. Seaweed
5. Why are forests referred to as the "lungs of the Earth"? A. They regulate ocean tides.
B. They are home to many birds.
C. They absorb CO2 and produce oxygen.
D. They prevent extreme weather.
6. What is the environmental problem that leads to a loss of biodiversity?
A. Ocean currents B. Deforestation C. Air travel D. Urban expansion
7. According to the passage, what type of energy source is helping to reduce carbon emissions? A. Nuclear power B. Fossil fuels
C. Renewable energy (solar and wind power) D. Coal power
8.What does the "3 R's" (reduce, reuse, recycle) specifically relate to in the context of individual action? A. Transportation choices B. Water conservation C. Waste management D. Food consumption
9. What is required, alongside individual responsibility, to protect the planet effectively? A. Advanced technology B. Global cooperation C. Increased tax on fuel
D. Better education in science
10. What is the main purpose of this reading passage?
A. To criticize governments for lack of action.
B. To advertise new eco-friendly products.
C. To describe environmental threats and suggest solutions.
D. To compare different types of animals. Answer Key
1.C "primarily due to human activities" (Đoạn 1)
2.D "like carbon dioxide (CO2 )" (Đoạn 2)
3.B "polar ice caps are melting... threatening the habitat of species like polar bears." (Đoạn 2)
4.C "Sea turtles often mistake plastic bags for jellyfish..." (Đoạn 3)
5.C "...they absorb CO2 and produce oxygen." (Đoạn 4)
6.B "Furthermore, deforestation destroys the natural habitats... leading to a
loss of biodiversity." (Đoạn 4)
7.C "Renewable energy sources are gaining momentum. Switching from
fossil fuels to solar and wind power significantly reduces carbon emissions." (Đoạn 5)
8.C "by reducing, reusing, and recycling (the 3 R's)" - Đây là các hành động
liên quan đến việc xử lý rác thải. (Đoạn 5)
9.B "Protecting our green planet requires global cooperation and individual responsibility." (Đoạn 6)