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lOMoARcPSD|46191829 [ECO2] Vocabulary - tttt
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Downloaded by NHI VÕ LÂM PH??NG (nhivo.31241020370@st.ueh.edu.vn) lOMoARcPSD|46191829 Word Form IPA Bargaining room (n) /ˈbɑː.ɡɪn.ɪŋ/ Bond yield (n) /bɒnd jiːld/ Break down (v) /breɪk daʊn/ Component (n) /kəmˈpəʊ.nənt/ Concise (adj) /kənˈsaɪs/ Consumer loan (n) /kənˈsjuː.mər ləʊn/ Cost of goods (n) /kɒst əv ɡʊdz/ Credit rating (n) /ˈkrɛd.ɪt ˈreɪ.tɪŋ/ Credit score (n) /ˈkrɛd.ɪt skɔːr/ Currency trading (n) /ˈkʌr.ən.si ˈtreɪ.dɪŋ/ Debt-to-income ratio (n) /dɛt tuː ˈɪn.kʌm Bad debt (n) /bæd dɛt/ Good debt (n) /ɡʊd dɛt/ Deplete (v) /dɪˈpliːt/ Depreciation (n) /dɪˌpriː.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/ Dip into savings (n) /dɪp ˈɪntuː ˈseɪ.vɪ Dispel (v) /dɪˈspel/ Emergency purchase (n) /ɪˈmɜː.dʒən.si ˈpɜː.t Evaluation (n) /ɪˌvæl.juˈeɪ.ʃən/ Expository (adj) /ɪkˈspɒz.ɪ.tər.i/ Financing options (n) /ˈfaɪ.nænsɪŋ ˈɒp.ʃə Give up the ghost (v) Interest earning (n) Interest stratergy (n) Interest rate (n) Leverage (n) /ˈlɛv.ərɪdʒ/ Liquidity (n) /lɪˈkwɪd.ɪ.ti/ Long-term savings (n) /lɒŋ tɜːm ˈseɪ.vɪŋz/ Low interest (n) /ləʊ ˈɪn.trəst/ Mitigate (v) /ˈmɪt.ɪ.ɡeɪt/ Money supply (n) Monitor (v) /ˈmɒn.ɪ.tər/ Negotiate (v) /nɪˈɡəʊ.ʃi.eɪt/ Net worth (n) /nɛt wɜːθ/ Obsolescence (n) /ˌɒb.səˈles.əns/ Pil (n) /pɪl/ Rebates (n) /ˈriː.beɪts/ Rebound (v) /rɪˈbaʊn.dɪŋ/ Regulatory chal enges (n) /ˈreɡ.jə.lə.tər.i ˈtʃ Returns (n) /rɪˈtɜːnz/ Risk assessment (n) /rɪsk əˈses.mənt/
Downloaded by NHI VÕ LÂM PH??NG (nhivo.31241020370@st.ueh.edu.vn) lOMoARcPSD|46191829 Robust (adj) /rəʊˈbʌst/ Shrink (v) /ʃrɪŋk/ Special deals (n) /ˈspeʃ.əl diːlz/ Stock-market index (n) /stɒk ˈmɑː.kɪt ˈɪ Strong market (n) /strɒŋ ˈmɑː.kɪt ˈkɒ Swal ow (v) /ˈswɒl.əʊ/ Unbiased (adj) /ʌnˈbaɪ.əst/
Downloaded by NHI VÕ LÂM PH??NG (nhivo.31241020370@st.ueh.edu.vn) lOMoARcPSD|46191829 Meaning Vietnamese
The ability to negotiate and secure more Thương lượng
A measure of returns on bonds issued by Lợi suất trái phiếu Phân tích; hỏng hóc Thành phần Ngắn gọn, súc tích
A type of loan granted to individuals for Khoản vay tiêu dùng
The total amount of money spent on Giá vốn hàng bán
A score that indicates the creditworthiness of Xếp hạng tín dụng
A numerical representation of an individual's Điểm tín dụng
The exchange of currencies to facilitate Thị trường ngoại hối
Ratio comparing one's debt load to their
Tỷ lệ nợ trên thu nhập
Debt involving borrowing money for purchases Nợ xấu
Debt that has the potential to increase yout Nợ tốt Cạn kiệt
The decrease in the value of an asset over Khấu hao, giảm giá
Withdrawing money from savings to cover Rút tiền ra từ tài Xua tan
An unplanned and essential acquisition made Mua sắm khẩn cấp Đánh giá Giải thích, mang tính
Various methods or sources available for Các phương án tài Stop working
The amount of money earned as profit on
A plan for al ocating assets and resources to
The cost of borrowing money, expressed as a
The use of various financial instrument or Đòn bẩy
The ability to quickly convert assets into cash Tính thanh khoản
Funds set aside for future needs, typical y with Tiết kiệm dài hạn
Favorable borrowing rates, indicating a lower Lãi suất thấp
Make something less harmful, serious, etc Giảm nhẹ
The overal avaiability of money within the
To watch and check something over a period Giám sát Đàm phán
The total value of assets owned by an Giá trị ròng
The state of becoming old-fashioned and no Sự lỗi thời Viên thuốc
Partial refunds or discounts given after a Khoản hoàn lại
Recovering or bouncing back, as in letting Phục hồi Thách thức pháp lý Lợi nhuận
The evaluation of potential risks involved in an Đánh giá rủi ro
Downloaded by NHI VÕ LÂM PH??NG (nhivo.31241020370@st.ueh.edu.vn) lOMoARcPSD|46191829 Mạnh mẽ Thu nhỏ
Exclusive or unique offers that provide Ưu đãi đặc biệt
An indicator of the overal performance of Chỉ số thị trường Niềm tin thị trường Nuốt Không thiên vị
Downloaded by NHI VÕ LÂM PH??NG (nhivo.31241020370@st.ueh.edu.vn) lOMoARcPSD|46191829 Example Synonym Anonym
Buyers have little bargaining room Negotiation
Bond yields often rise with increasing Bond return Bond loss
Economists often break down data to Analyze, separate Combine,
A financial portfolio has several Part, element Whole, entirety
A concise summary of financial data Brief, succinct Lengthy, verbose
Consumer loans often have lower Personal loan Business loan
The cost of goods directly affects Production cost Revenue
A high credit rating indicates financial Credit score Credit risk
A good credit score helps secure Credit rating Low credit rating Forex trading
Banks use the debt-to-income ratio
Bad debts occur when borrowers fail Unrecoverable Good debt
Investing in education is often Productive debt Bad debt
Overuse of resources can deplete Exhaust, drain Replenish,
Depreciation reduces the book value Devaluation, Appreciation
Many people had to dip into their Withdraw savings Save more
Effective communication helps dispel Eliminate, banish Retain, reinforce
Emergency purchases during crises Urgent buy Planned purchase
A proper evaluation of the project's Assessment, Misjudgment
An expository report on market Explanatory, Vague, ambiguous
Businesses explore various financing Funding solutions Lack of funding
Long-term savings accounts offer Interest income Interest expense
Companies use financial leverage to Advantage, Disadvantage
High liquidity ensures that a business Cash flow Il iquidity
Long-term savings plans provide Retirement fund Short-term Low interest rates encourage Minimal interest High interest
Diversification helps mitigate Reduce, al eviate Exacerbate,
Investors need to monitor currency Observe, track Neglect, ignore Businesses negotiate trade
Bargain, discuss Ignore, refuse
A person's net worth is calculated by Wealth, equity Debt
products with built-in/planned Outdatedness, Modernization,
A strong economic recovery can be a Tablet, medicine Customers receive rebates on Discounts, refunds Overcharges
The stock market is rebounding after Recovering, Declining Companies face regulatory Compliance Regulatory ease
The investment offers substantial Profits, earnings Losses
Risk assessment is crucial before Risk evaluation Risk ignorance
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A robust economy attracts foreign Strong, resilient Weak, fragile UUnit Contract, reduce Expand, grow
Many banks offer special deals on
Promotions, offers Standard deals
The stock-market index reflects the Benchmark,
Strong market confidence often leads Market optimism Market skepticism
Companies often have to swal ow
Ingest, consume Spit out, reject
Unbiased evaluations are essential Neutral, impartial Biased, prejudiced
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Downloaded by NHI VÕ LÂM PH??NG (nhivo.31241020370@st.ueh.edu.vn) lOMoARcPSD|46191829 Word Form IPA Addictive product (n) /əˈdɪk.tɪv ˈprɒd.ʌkt/ Biofuels (n) /ˈbaɪ.əʊ.fjuːlz/ Boost (v) /buːst/ Buffer stocks (n) /ˈbʌf.ə stɒks/ Commodity (n) /kəˈmɒd.ɪ.ti/ Complex (adj) /ˈkɒm.pleks/ Constitute (n) /ˈkɒn.stɪ.tjuːt/ Decay (n) /dɪˈkeɪ/ Derive from (n) /dɪˈraɪv/
Discretionary purchase (n) /dɪˈskreʃ.ən.ər.i ˈpɜ Dominant (adj) /ˈdɒm.ɪ.nənt/ Drastic (adj) /ˈdræs.tɪk/ Elastic demand (n) /ɪˈlæs.tɪk d Grains (n) /ɡreɪnz/ Inelastic demand (n) Intervention (n) /ˈmek.ə.nɪ.zəmz/ Landscape (n) /ˈlænd.skeɪp/ Navigate (v) /ˈnæv.ɪ.ɡeɪt/ Perishability (n) /ˌper.ɪ.ʃəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ Portion (n) /ˈpɔː.ʃən/ Post-harvest (n) /ˌpəʊstˈhɑː.vɪst/ Promote (v) /prəˈməʊt/ Price elasticity of (n) Price elasticity of (n) Quantity demanded (n) /ˈkwɒn.tɪ.ti dɪˈmɑ Quantity supplied (n) /ˈkwɒn.tɪ.ti səˈplaɪ Remain (v) /rɪˈmeɪn/ Reserve (n) /rɪˈzɜːv/ Routinely (adv) /ruːˈtiːn.li/ Seasonal price (n) Staple foods (n) /ˈsteɪ.pl fʊdz/ Subsistence farming (n) /səbˈsɪs.təns ˈfɑ Substantial (adj) /səbˈstæn.ʃəl/ Sustainable (n) /ɔːlˈtɜː.nə.tɪvz/ Substitutes (n) /ˈsʌb.stɪ.tʃuːt/ Tariffs (+on) (n) /ˈtær.ɪfs/ Underway (v) /ˌʌn.dəˈweɪ/ Utilize (v) /ˈjuː.tɪ.laɪz/
Downloaded by NHI VÕ LÂM PH??NG (nhivo.31241020370@st.ueh.edu.vn) lOMoARcPSD|46191829 Meaning Vietnamese
Products that are difficult to give up or replace Sản phẩm gây nghiện
Fuels derived from organic mater (biomass), Nhiên liệu sinh học Tăng cường
Reserves of a commodity held to stabilize Hàng dự trữ Hàng hóa Phức tạp Cấu thành Hư hỏng Bắt nguồn từ
Demand that shows a smal change in Mua sắm tùy ý
More important, strong, or noticeable than Ảnh hưởng lớn, chiếm Mạnh mẽ, quyết liệt
Demand that changes greatly in response to Cầu co dãn
A seed or seeds from a plant, especial y a Ngũ cốc
Demand that shows a smal change in
Government actions to stabilize or influence Cơ chế can thiệp Bối cảnh Điều hướng
The quality of being perishable or subject to Dễ hư hỏng Phần Sau thu hoạch Thúc đẩy
The measure of the change in consumption of Co dãn cầu theo giá
The relationship between change in supply Co dãn cung theo giá
The amount of a product that consumers are Lượng cầu
The amount of a product that producers are Lượng cung cấp Giữ nguyên Dự trữ Định kỳ
Fluctuations in price that occur during specific Biến động giá theo
A food that is eaten routinely and in such Thực phẩm thiết yếu
Farming in which the farmers focus on Canh tác tự cung tự Đáng kể Giải pháp thay thế
Products that can be easily substituted for one Hàng hóa thay thế
Taxes imposed on imported goods and Thuế quan (đánh vào) Đang diễn ra Sử dụng hiệu quả
Downloaded by NHI VÕ LÂM PH??NG (nhivo.31241020370@st.ueh.edu.vn) lOMoARcPSD|46191829 Example Synonym Anonym
Cigarettes are an example of an Habit-forming Non-addictive
The shift to biofuels has impacted the Renewable fuels Fossil fuels
Subsidies can boost agricultural
Enhance, promote Reduce, diminish
Buffer stocks are used to reduce Stockpiles, Shortages
Grains are one of the most traded Product, Non-commodity
The complex dynamics of supply and Complicated, Simple,
Grains constitute a significant portion Form, comprise Exclude, eliminate
Improper storage can lead to decay Decompose, Preserve, maintain
Many biofuels are derived from
Obtain, originate Lose, separate
Luxury goods are often considered Optional purchase Necessary
Rice is the dominant staple food in
Leading, prevalent Secondary, minor
Drastic price fluctuations often lead Severe, extreme Mild, moderate
Grains are a major commodity in Cereals Non-food items
Governments often use intervention Policies, Ineffectiveness
The economic landscape has shifted Setting, Unrelated area Farmers must navigate complex Steer, manage Misguide, ignore
The perishability of fruits and Fragility Durability
A large portion of household income Part, segment Whole, entirety
Post-harvest losses reduce farmers' After harvest Pre-harvest Governments often promote Encourage, Hinder, discourage
Quantity demanded decreases with Demand volume Supply volume
The quantity supplied increases Supply volume Demand volume
Even with intervention, prices
Persist, continue Change, disappear Governments maintain grain Stockpile, hoard Shortfal ,
Farmers routinely assess soil quality Regularly, Sporadical y, rarely
Seasonal price fluctuation affects Price variation Price stability
Staple foods like rice and wheat are Basic foods Luxury foods
Subsistence farming dominates in Self-sufficient Commercial
A substantial increase in tariffs can Significant, Minor, insignificant
Sustainable alternatives can reduce Green solutions Unsustainable
Tariffs on agricultural imports can Duties, taxes Subsidies
A study on price elasticity is currently Ongoing, in Completed, halted Farmers can utilize advanced Use, employ Neglect, waste
Downloaded by NHI VÕ LÂM PH??NG (nhivo.31241020370@st.ueh.edu.vn) lOMoARcPSD|46191829 Word Form IPA a declining share of (n) /ə dɪˈklaɪnɪŋ ʃɛə(r) adequate (adj) /ˈædɪkwət/ affording (adj) /əˈfɔːdɪŋ/ al ocating resources (n)
/ˈæləkeɪtɪŋ rɪˈzɔːsɪ appreciation of the (n)
/əˌpriːʃiˈeɪʃən əv ðə arguably (adv) /ˈɑːɡjuəbli/ assess (v) /əˈsɛs/ (n) /ˈækses/ associate (n) /əˈsəʊʃieɪt/, /əˈsoʊ asymmetric (n) /ˌæsɪˈmɛtrɪk/ benchmark (n) /ˈbɛntʃmɑːrk/ bil ing (n) /ˈbɪlɪŋ/ bystander (n) /ˈbaɪˌstændər/ characteristics (n) /ˌkærɪktəˈrɪstɪks/ circumstance (n) /ˈsɜːkəmstəns/ commodity (n) /kəˈmɒdəti/ complicate (v) /ˈkɒmplɪkeɪt/ comprehensive (n) /ˌkɒmprɪˈhɛnsɪv ə conventional (adj) /kənˈvɛnʃənl/ coordinate (n) /kəʊˈɔːdɪneɪt/ dentist’s dril (n) /ˈdɛntɪsts drɪl/ departs (v) /dɪˈpɑːts/ deviating /ˈdiːvieɪtɪŋ/ disparity (n) /dɪˈspærɪti/ efficiency criteria (n)
/ɪˈfɪʃənsi kraɪˈtɪərɪə endure (v) /ɪnˈdjʊə/ entity (n) /ˈɛntɪti/ evaluate (v) /ɪˈvæljʊeɪt/ excuse (n) /ɪkˈskjuːs/ exemption category (n) /ɪɡˈzɛmpʃən ˈkætɪɡ foregoing (adj) /fɔːˈɡəʊɪŋ/ fundamental (n) /ˌfʌndəˈmɛntl ɪnˈtaɪ
fundamental principle (n) /ˌfʌndəˈmɛntl ˈprɪ given the choice /ˈɡɪvn ðə tʃɔɪs/
government regulation (n) /ˈɡʌvənmənt ˌrɛɡjʊ health economics (n) /hɛlθ ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/ healthcare planning (n) /ˈhɛlθˌkɛə ˈplænɪŋ/ hinder (n) /ˈhɪndə/ horizontal equity (n) /ˌhɒrɪˈzɒntəl ˈɛkwɪ in light of /ɪn laɪt ʌv/ injustice (n) /ɪnˈdʒʌstɪs/
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insurance contribution (n) /ɪnˈʃʊərəns ˌkɒntrɪ insurance subsidies (n) /ɪnˈʃʊərəns ˈsʌbdɪ intervention (n) /ˌɪntəˈvɛnʃən/ intricacies (n) /ˈɪntrɪkəsiz/ invisible hand (n) /ɪnˈvɪzɪbl hænd/ lament (v) /ləˈmɛnt/ manner (n) /ˈmænə/ market forces (n) /ˈmɑːkɪt ˈfɔːsɪz/ market interactions (n) /ˈmɑːkɪt ˌɪntərˈækʃ medical research (n)
/ˈmɛdɪkl ˈriːsɜːtʃ ˈsa needy groups (n) /ˈniːdi ɡruːps/ notable features (n) /ˈnəʊtəbl ˈfiːtʃərz/ nurse’s needle (n) /nɜːsɪz ˈniːdl/ optimal (adj) /ˈɒptɪməl/ perception (n) /pəˈsɛpʃən/ perspective (n) /pəˈspɛktɪv/
pharmaceutical drugs (n) /ˌfɑːməˈsuːtɪkəl drʌ policy decision (n) /ˈpɒlɪsi dɪˈsɪʒən/ political philosopher (n)
/pəˈlɪtɪkəl fɪˈlɑːsəfə prescribe (v) /prɪˈskraɪb/ prescription charge (n) /prɪˈskrɪpʃən ˈʧɑːʤ/ price mechanism (n) /praɪs ˈmɛkənɪzə private sector (n) /ˈpraɪvɪt ˈsɛktə/ propose (v) /prəˈpəʊz/ public health (n) /ˈpʌblɪk hɛlθ/ radical y (adv) /ˈrædɪkli/ recal (v) /rɪˈkɔːl/ reflect (v) /rɪˈflɛkt/ reform (v) /rɪˈfɔːm/ reform (v) /rɪˈfɔːm/ regulate (v) /ˈrɛɡjʊleɪt/
rights-based healthcare (n) /raɪts-beɪst ˈhɛlθke scarce resources (n) /skɛəs rɪˈzɔːsɪz/ scope (n) /skoʊp/ service delivery (v) /ˈsɜːvɪs dɪˈlɪvəri/ sickness benefit (n) /ˈsɪknəs ˈbɛnɪfɪt/ single payer (n) /ˈsɪŋɡl ˈpeɪər/ social norms (n) /ˈsəʊʃəl nɔːmz/
socio-economic status (n) /ˌsəʊsɪəʊ ˌiːkəˈnɒ sole payer (n) /soʊl ˈpeɪər/
special consideration (n) /ˈspɛʃəl kənˌsɪdə state-of-the-art (n) /ˌsteɪt əv ðiˈɑːt ˈhɛ
Downloaded by NHI VÕ LÂM PH??NG (nhivo.31241020370@st.ueh.edu.vn) lOMoARcPSD|46191829 strategic planning (n) /strəˈtiːʤɪk ˈplænɪ substantial (adj) /səbˈstænʃəl/ surgeon’s scalpel (n) /ˈsɜːdʒənz ˈskælpl/ take up (v) /ˈteɪk ʌp/ third parties (n) /θɜːd ˈpɑːtiz/ unwitting (adj) /ʌnˈwɪtɪŋ/ vertical equity (n) /ˈvɜːtɪkəl ˈɛkwɪti/ vexing (adj) /ˈvɛksɪŋ/ welfare (n) /ˈwɛlfɛə/ welfare economics (n) /ˈwɛlfɛə ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪ
Downloaded by NHI VÕ LÂM PH??NG (nhivo.31241020370@st.ueh.edu.vn) lOMoARcPSD|46191829 Meaning Vietnamese Một phần giảm sút Đầy đủ, tương xứng Có khả năng chi trả
Distributing available resources effectively to Phân bổ nguồn lực
Sự hiểu biết về kinh tế Có thể nói rằng, có Đánh giá Quyền truy cập, sự Liên kết, liên tưởng; Bất đối xứng, không Tiêu chuẩn, chuẩn Hóa đơn, việc lập hóa Người đứng ngoài Đặc điểm, đặc trưng Hoàn cảnh, tình Hàng hóa, sản phẩm Làm phức tạp Phương pháp toàn Theo cách thông Phối hợp Máy khoan của nha sĩ Khác biệt, lệch khỏi Lệch lạc, sai lệch Sự chênh lệch, bất
Standards used to judge the optimal al ocation Tiêu chí hiệu quả Chịu đựng, cam chịu Thực thể, tổ chức Đánh giá Lý do, bào chữa
Groups of people who are excused from Hạng mục miễn trừ Đã nói ở trên, trước Quyền cơ bản Nguyên tắc cơ bản Nếu có sự lựa chọn
Policies and rules established by the Quy định của chính
The study of how resources are used and Kinh tế học y tế
The process of organizing and managing Lập kế hoạch y tế Cản trở, gây khó khăn
The principle that individuals with similar Công bằng theo chiều Xem xét, xét đến Bất công, sự bất công
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