12 thì cơ bản Môn English | Đại học Kinh Tế Quốc Dân

lOMoAR cPSD| 61200861
A - 12 THÌ CƠ BẢN TRONG TIẾNG ANH Thì Động từ chia
Hiện tại đơn (every, sometimes, always,
I go to school every day.
usually, never, often, ……)
She brushes her teeth every morning.
Hiện tại tiếp diễn (now, at present, at the
They are cleaning the table now. moment, currently…)
James is preparing for his performance at the Be + Ving moment.
Hiện tại hoàn thành (recently, just, yet, ever, We have just moved to another city. He
never, already, for, since, ) Have/has
hasn’t made up his mind yet. + P2
Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn ( for, since,….)
I have been waiting for the letter for 3 hours. Have/has been + Ving
She has been watching the film “Bố Già” since 4 A.M.
Quá khứ đơn ( ago, yesterday, last
I have been waiting for the letter for 3 hours. (night/summer),…)
She has been watching the film “Bố Già” since 4 A.M.
Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn (before, after, I had been working on my essays the night …) before. Had been + P2
Quá khứ tiếp diễn ( while, when at 8.00 last
Linda was cooking in the kitchen at 7 P.M last night,…)
night. They were having dinner when she Was/were + Ving came back.
Tương lai đơn ( tomorrow, in the future,
I will give you a call at about 6 o’clock.
next month,…) Will + V
Tương lai tiếp diễn ( this time next
They will be taking the exam this time next week/month…) month. Will be + Ving
Tương lai hoàn thành ( at the end of this
Next month my parents will have been
month… for one year, next week…for five together for thirty years. month,…) Will have + P2
Tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn (at the end
I will have been studying English for three
of this month… for one year, next week…for
years by the end of this course.
five month…) Will have been + P2
Một số động từ không chia tiếp diễn lOMoAR cPSD| 61200861 •
Động từ chỉ sự suy nghĩ: believe, see, recognize, imagine, remember, forget,
understand, realize, know, suppose… •
Động từ chỉ cảm xúc: like, love, dislike, prefer, hate, want… •
Động từ chỉ nhận thức: see, taste, hear, smell, feel… •
Các động từ khác: to be, need, seem, belong to, include, have (khi mang nghĩa có)…
B- MỘT SỐ VẤN ĐỀ LƯU Ý
1. Tương lai gần và tương lai trong quá khứ Tương lai gần
Tương lai đơn trong quá khứ
Tương lai gần trong (be going to V) (would V) quá khứ (was/were going to V)
- Dự định: I am going
- Thói quen quá khứ: I I told you he was going to look for a new had a friend from to come to the party. place to live next Albany, and we would month. meet every Thursday
- Dự đoán ( có căn cứ morning. ): Look at those
- Tương lai trong quá blacks clouds. It is khứ: When I broke my going to rain again leg, I thought I would soon. never dance again
2. Động từ khuyết thiếu/modal verb Can/could
We can take the train to London. Be able to
We could have lunch early. May/might We may miss the train
He might get the good results. should
He should go to the doctor Ought to
I ought to phone my parents. Must
We must obey the rules. Have to/ had to
They have to finish it before midnight
I had to go to see him.
Must have PII ( chắc hẳn đã làm gì trong
He must have gone out last night.
quá khứ ( có căn cứ chắc chắn)
Should have PII/shouldn’t have PII (không
I should have told you the truth.
nên làm gì trong quá khứ)
She shouldn’t have criticized him. lOMoAR cPSD| 61200861
Can’t have PII ( chắc hẳn đã không làm gì
Nam can’t have stolen your bag. trong quá khứ )
Could/might have done (có thể đã làm gì
She could have left the door open.
trong quá khứ làm gì trong quá khứ )
Needn’t have PII (không cần phải đã làm gì) You needn’t have prepared so much bread.
3. Hiện tại hoàn thành và cấu trúc
This/It is the first time + S + have/has +PII
This is the first time i have been to
= S +has/have +not/never +PII + before Japan
= I have never been to japan before
S + started/began + Ving/toV + ktg + ago
I started learning E 4 years ago. + when + S + V
= I have learnt E for 4 years. + in/on/at + mốc tg
= S + have/has + PII + for + ktg + since + mốc tg + since + S + Ved
S + last + Ved + ktg + ago
I last saw QA 2 years ago + in/on/at + mốc tg
= I haven’t seen QA for 2 years + when + S + Ved
= The last time i saw QA was 2 years
= S + haven’t/hasn’t + PII + for/since ago
= The last time S + Ved + was + ktg +ago + in/on/at + mốc tg
It is/has been + ktg since + S + last + Ved
= It is has been 2 years since i last saw
= S +haven’t/hasn’t + PII + for + ktg QA When did + S + V
When did you started learning E ?
= How long have/has + S + PII
=How long have you learnt E ?
Choose the correct answer for the following questions
Question 1. Tim ___________in three movies already. I think he’ll be a star some day.
A. had appeared B. has appeared C. was appearing D. is appearing
Question 2. She was overjoyed because her article______.
A. has been published B. has published C. had been published D. had published
Question 3. The existence of many stars in the sky ________ us to suspect that there may be life onanother planet.
A. have led B. leads C. lead D. leading lOMoAR cPSD| 61200861
Question 4. Her academic performance has greatly improved since she _______ study methods.
A. changed B. will change C. would change D. was changing
Question 5. Recently, a gang of enterprising New Zealanders ___________ an
incredible scheme to raise awareness of depression and mental health issues.
A. has introduced B. had introduced C. introduced D. was introduced
Question 6. I can’t believe that you ___ all the three exercises! You just started five
minutes ago.A. have finished B. have been finishing C. finished D. are finishing
Question 7. Don’t worry! We ___________for you at 6 o’clock tomorrow.
A. will wait B. will be waiting C. wait D. are waiting
Question 8. Jack __________ chess before so I showed him what to do. A.
wasn’t playing B. hadn’t been playing C. didn’t play D. hadn’t played
Question 9. By this time next year, my father __________ here for 25 years.
A. are going to work B. will be working C. will have been working D. will work
Question 10. I __________for my sunglasses since noon, but I can’t find them. A. am looking B. looked
C. have looked D. have been looking
Question 11. When the children __________home, it was obvious that they had been playing in mud. A. arrived B. were arriving
C. had arrived D. had been arriving
Question 12. As time goes by, he ___________more and more eccentric. A. becomes B. is becoming
C. has become D. has been becoming
Question 13. Kathy can’t go shopping with me next Saturday morning. She _________a French lesson.
A. has B. is going to have C. will have D. will be having
Question 14. It’s the coldest winter we ___________in Greece.
A. ever experience B. ever experienced
C. were ever experiencing D. have ever experienced
Question 15. As part of my job, I _________ abroad a lot, so I ________to improve my English.
A. travel/ need B. am travelling/ need
C. am travelling/ am needing D. travel/ am needing
Question 16. Mary ___________the country by the time this letter reaches her.
A. is going to leave B. will leave C. is leaving D. will have left
Question 17. I __________ you should buy him a tie. He _________ to dress formally.
A. am thinking/ likes B. think/likes
C. think/ is liking D. am thinking/ has liked lOMoAR cPSD| 61200861
Question 18. Mary has been financially independent since she _______ to work.
A. was going out B. went out C. would go out D.will go out
Question 19. He won't understand what the responsibilities of a father are ________ .
A. as soon as he had his first child B. once he had his first child
C. after he had had his first child D. until he has his first child
Question 20. Homestead High School’s football team _________a championship
until last season, when the new coach led them to take first place in their league.
A. has never won B. is never winning C. had never been winning D. had never won
TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN – TƯƠNG LAI GẦN
Complete the following sentences, using the correct verbs in brackets.
1.I'm afraid I (not/be) ______ able to come to the party tomorrow. 2. - Go and tidy your room. -Ok. I (do)______ it.
3. If it rains, we (not/ go)_______ to the beach.
4. They (be)______ fifteen years old next year.
5. Lionel Messi (play)_____ for real Madrid this season.
6. Are you hungry? I (make)_______ you a sandwich.
7. You needn't wear your cap. It (not/ be) _______ cold today.
8. I think Linda (win)_________ the next game.
9. I promise, I ( not disappoint) ____________ you ever again.
10. Do you think we (make)________ it on time for the flight?
ĐỘNG TỪ KHUYẾT THIẾU
1. Young people ______ obey their parents.
A. must B. may C. will D. ought to
2. Laura, you and the kids just have dinner without waiting for me. I ______ work late today.
A. can B. have to C. could D. would
3. I ______ be delighted to show you round the factory.
A. ought to B. would C. might D. can 4.
Leave early so that you ______ miss the bus.
A. didn’t B. won’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
5. Jenny’s engagement ring is enormous! It ______ have cost a fortune.
A. must B. might C. will D. should
6. You ______ to write them today.
A. should B. must C. had D. ought
7. Unless he runs, he______ catch the train.
A. will B. mustn’t C. wouldn’t D. won’t lOMoAR cPSD| 61200861
8. When _____you come back home?
A. will B. may C. might D. maybe
9. Tim ______ share his pizza with you if you ask him nicely.
A. might B. must C. will D. could.
10. The children _______ wake up earlier than 7:30 am. They have to at camp at 8:00 am. A. must B. can C. have D. may TỔNG HỢP
1. When I last saw him, he _____ in London.
A. has lived B. is living C. was living D. has been living
2. We _______ Dorothy since last Saturday.
A. don’t see B. haven’t seen C. didn’t see D. hadn’t seen
3. The train ______ half an hour ago.
A. has been leaving B. left C. has left D. had left 4. Jack ______ the door.
A. has just painted B. paint C. will have painted D. painting
5. My sister ________ for you since yesterday.
A. is looking B. was looking C. has been looking D. looked
6. I ______ Texas State University now.
A. am attending B. attend C. was attending D. attended
7. He has been selling motorbikes ________.
A. ten years ago B. since ten years C. for ten years ago D. for ten years 8.
Christopher Columbus _______ American more than 500 years ago.
A. discovered B. has discovered C. had discovered D. had been discovering
9. He fell down when he ______ towards the church.
A. run B. runs C. was running D. had run
10. We _______ there when our father died.
A. still lived B. lived still C. was still lived D. was still living
11. When my father was young, he _____ work in the garden for long hours.
A. can B. could C. will D. should
12. He_____ have committed the crime because he was with me that day.
A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. won't D. couldn't
13. Since we have to be there by 8.30, we_____ take a taxi.
A. had better B. may C. ought D. are able to
14. It_____ rain this evening. Why don't you take an umbrella?
A. could be B. must C. might D. had better
15. _____ you help me with the homework?
A. May B. Shall C. Should D. Will
16. She hasn't eaten anything since yesterday. She_____ be really hungry.
A. might B. will C. must D. can lOMoAR cPSD| 61200861
17. I put my keys on the table, but now it's gone. Someone_____ have taken it.
A. may B. had to C. should D. would rather
18. Daisy is reading her English test because she has a test tomorrow. She__ be
studying. A. will B. should C. must D. can
19. We _____ put the fish in the fridge before it spoils.
A. had to B. may C. can D. had better
20. Mr. Brown is very rich. He_____ work hard for a living.
A. mustn't B. shouldn't C.can't D. doesn't have to
Dạng viết lại câu với Hiện tại Hoàn thành
1. This is the first time she has eaten eel soup.
→ She has not………………………………………………………
2. She began to write 30 minutes ago.
→ She has…………………………………………………………
3. They started studying English when they were in grade 3.
→ They have………………………………………………………
4. I last saw him 3 weeks ago.
→ I haven’t…………………………………………………………
5. The last time I watched this movie was 6 months ago.
→ I haven’t…………………………………………………………
6. It is a long time since she last saw her parents.
→ She hasn’t…………………………………………………………
7. When did you begin reading this book?
→ How long have ………………………………………....?
8. This is the first time I have been abroad. lOMoAR cPSD| 61200861
→ I haven’t…………………………………………………………
9. I haven’t gone to the zoo since last year.
→ The last ……………………………………………….
10. I haven’t met my aunt since I was 10 years old.
→ I last ………………………………………………………………
11. This is the first time she has worked with foreigners.
→ She hasn’t………………………………………………………..
12. She started to cry two hours ago.
→ She has…………………………………………………………
13. We started to chat on the phone when it began to rain.
→ We have…………………………………………………………
14. We got to know each other when we were at university.
→ We have…………………………………………………………
15. The last time she phoned her parents was 3 weeks ago.
→ She hasn’t……………………………………………………
16. It is a long time since we last went to this restaurant.
→ We haven’t……………………………………………………
17. When did you have this laptop?
→ How long ….............................................................?
18. This is the first time I have joined such an exciting party.
→I haven’t ………………………………………………………… lOMoAR cPSD| 61200861
19. I haven’t heard from her for many years.
→ The last …………………………………………………………
20. The children haven’t been taken to the park since 2012. → The last time
…………………………………………………
21. This is not the first time we have visited this city.
→ This is not our………………………………………………
22. This is the second time I have seen this movie.
→ I have …………………………………………………………
23. This is the second time he has been to a tennis match.
→ He has …………………………………………………………
24. She started doing the housework as soon as she got home.
→ She has………………………………………………………
25. He started his career as a teacher 20 years ago.
→ He has …………………………………………………
26. Is this your first visit to our country?
→ Haven’t you……………………………………………………..?
27. The last time we contacted was 3 months ago.
→ We haven’t ………………………………………………………
28. It is a long time since I last wrote to her.
→ I haven’t………………………………………………………
29. When did you start to wait for the bus? lOMoAR cPSD| 61200861
→ How long have ……………………………………………………....?
30. This is the second time I have stayed in this hotel.
→ I have ………………………………………………………………
31. He last sent me postcards when he was in Paris.
→ The last time…………………………………………………………….
→ He hasn’t ………………………………………………………………
32. They haven’t visited their hometown since they were 12.
→ They last …………………………………………………………
33. This is the first time she has read such a romantic novel.
→ She hasn’t………………………………………………………
34. We began to talk two hours ago.
→ It’s two hours……………………………………………………
35. My father started to work as an engineer when he was 22.
→ My father has …………………………………………………
36. She last sent me letters last year.
→ She hasn’t……………………………………………………
→ The last time …………………………………………………
37. The last time she phoned her parents was ages ago.
→ It’s ages …..…………………………………………………
38. It is a long time since we last went to this restaurant.
→ We haven’t …………………………………………………… lOMoAR cPSD| 61200861
39. When did you move to this house?
→ How long have….............................................................?
40. She moved to this city 4 weeks ago.
→ She has …………………………………………………........
41. I haven’t seen my brother for many years.
→ The last ………………………………………………………
42. We haven’t been taken to the zoo for 5 months.
→ The last time we………………………………………………
43. This is the third time I have been to Nha Trang.
→ I have…………………………………………………………
44. Have you come here before?
→ Isn’t this ……………………………………………………
Bài tập viết lại câu thì hiện tại hoàn thành và quá khứ đơn
1. Samuel started keeping a diary in 1997.
→ Samuel has …………………………………………………
2. We started leaming English fìve years ago.
→ We have …………………………………………………
3. I began living in Ho Chi Minh City when I was 8.
→ I have …………………………………………………
4. She has taught the children in this remote village for five months.
→ She started………………………………………………… lOMoAR cPSD| 61200861
5. He has written to me since April.
→ The last time…………………………………………………
6. She hasn’t had a swim for five years.
→ She last …………………………………………………
7. They last talked to each other two months ago.
→ They haven’t…………………………………………………
8. The last time she saw her elder sister was in 1999.
→ She hasn’t …………………………………………………
9. She hasn’t written to me for years.
→ It’s years…………………………………………………
10. Robert and Catherine have been married for ten ỵears.
→ It’s ten years …………………………………………………
11. It’s two weeks since they deaned their room.
→ They…………………………………………………
12. It’s over six months since John had his hair cut.
→ John …………………………………………………
13. How long is it since you rode a bicyde?
→ When …………………………………………………
14. How long is it since he wrote to ỵou?
→ When…………………………………………………
15. When did he last talk to you? lOMoAR cPSD| 61200861
→ How long …………………………………………………
16. When did you last telephone him?
→ Hong long …………………………………………………
17. We have never eaten this kind of food before.
→ It’s the …………………………………………………
18. This is the fìrst time I have seen this fìlm.
→ I have never…………………………………………………
19. This is the first time he went abroad.
→ He hasn’t …………………………………………………
20. She started driving 1 month ago.
→ She has …………………………………………………
21. We began eating when it started to rain.
→ We have …………………………………………………
22. I last had my hair cut when I left her.
→ I haven’t …………………………………………………
23. The last time she kissed me was 5 months ago.
→ She hasn’t…………………………………………………
24. It is a long time since we last met.
→ We haven’t………………………………………………… 25. When did you have it ?
→ How long………………………………………………… lOMoAR cPSD| 61200861
26. This is the first time I had such a delicious meal .
→ I haven’t…………………………………………………
27. I haven’t seen him for 8 days.
→ The last…………………………………………………
28. I haven’t taken a bath since Monday.
→ It is…………………………………………………
29. It's 2 years since I had a punture.
→ I have …………………………………………………
30. It's 2 months since he earned any money.
→ He has …………………………………………………
31. He last shaved the day before yesterday.
→ He hasn’t …………………………………………………
32. I last drank champagne at my brother's wedding.
→ I haven’t …………………………………………………
33. It's 2 years since I was last in Rome.
→ I haven’t…………………………………………………
34. I saw Tom last on his wedding day.
→ I haven’t …………………………………………………
35. I last ate raw fish when I was in Japan.
→ I haven’t …………………………………………………
36. It's years since Mary last spoke French. lOMoAR cPSD| 61200861
→ Mary hasn’t…………………………………………………
37. It's ten weeks since since I last had a good night sleep.
→ I haven’t…………………………………………………
38. He last paid taxes in 1970.
→ He hasn’t…………………………………………………
39. I last ate meat 5 years ago.
→ I haven’t…………………………………………………
40. It's 3 months since since the windows were cleaned.
→ The windows haven’t …………………………………………………
41. It's years since I took photographs.
→ I haven’t …………………………………………………
42. I last watched TV on new years's day.
→ I haven’t …………………………………………………
43. It's 3 months since he wrote to me.
→ He hasn’t …………………………………………………
44. The last time I was aboard was in the summer of 1978.
→ I haven’t…………………………………………………
45. It's ten years since that house was lived in.
→ That house …………………………………………………
46. I haven't seen him for 2 months.
→ I last ………………………………………………… lOMoAR cPSD| 61200861
47. I haven't been to a concert for over a year.
→ The last time …………………………………………………
48. The last time I really enjoyed myself was your birthday party.
→ I haven’t …………………………………………………
49. It's nearly 20 years since my father saw his brother.
→ My father hasn’t…………………………………………………
50. When did you learn to drive?
→ How long is it …………………………………………………
51. The last time I went swimming was when we were in Spain.
→ I haven’t …………………………………………………
52. You haven't tidied this room for weeks.
→ It’s weeks …………………………………………………
53. We started looking for a flat 2 months ago and we are still looking.
→ We have …………………………………………………
54. This is the first time I've been to a night club
→ I haven’t …………………………………………………
55. They have never heard such a thing before.
→ This is the first time …………………………………………………
56. Noone has challenged his authority before.
→ This is the first time…………………………………………………
57. She left university 2 years ago lOMoAR cPSD| 61200861
→ It is …………………………………………………