2 CAE Practice tests Use of English and Reading with answers (14 pages)

I

For

questions 1

-

8,

read

the

text

below

and

decide

which

answer

(A,

B, c

or D)

best

fits

each

gap.

There

iS

an

examPle

at

the

beginning

(O).

ln

the

exam,

you

mark

your answers

on

a separate

answer

sheet'

Example:

0

A

affecting

B

occurring

C

imPinging

D

relating

ExPedition

health

Sprainsandmusclestrainsarecommoniniuries(0),....'...'.peoplewhogotrekkinginwildernessareas'Ankles,

knees,

the

larger

leg

muscles

and

the

back

are

most

at

(1)

...........

especially

il

you're carrying

a

heavy

backpack'

onewayofavoidingtheseproblemsistowalkwithtrekkingpolesWhichhelp(2).........''balanceaswellas

redistributing

the

shock

load

produced

by

constant

walking'

Back

strain

can

be

triggered

by

the

(3)

...........

of

trekking

and climbing,

particularly

when

hamstrings

are

overused.

To keep

such

strains

at

bay,

take

a

few

minutes

at

the

end

of each

day

to

(4)

"""""'

these

muscles'

Lie

on

your

back

and

hold

your knees

up against

your

chest.

Then,

keeping

your

knees

together'

roll

your

legs

from

side

to side.

(5)

...........

treatment

is

concerned,

you

should

(6)

""

'

the temptation

to reach

straight

for

the

drugs'

Sprains

and

strains

(7)

.,.........

from

rest,

ice compression

and

etevation.

This

combination

of

measures

(8)

"""""'

the

effect

of

reducing

swelling

and

bruising'

A chance

A supply

A rigours

A

spread

A

As

far as

A

resist

A

improve

A

gives

B

danger

B

maintain

B

hardships

B extend

B As

soon

as

B

defy

B

recover

B

makes

G

risk

C

conserve

C

sufferings

C

stretch

C

As

well as

C

restrain

C

respond

C

has

D

hazard

D

defend

D ordeals

D expand

D As

long

as

D

oppose

D

benefit

D

gets

TEST

7 READING

AND

USE

OF

ENGL1SH

READING

AND

USE

OF ENGLISH TEST 7

0

For

questions

9

-

16,

read the texl below and

think

of

the word which best

fits each

gap.

Use only one

word

in each

gap.

There is an example at

the beginning

(0).

ln the

exam,

you

write

your

answers

lN CAPITAL LETTERS on a separate

answer

sheet.

Example:

The written word and the camera

Film isn't

just

about

moving images

and

spoken language

-

the written word can also

have a strong impact

(O)

........... the big screen. ln the first silent comedies

and dramas,

words emblazoned on a black screen helped audiences to understand

(9)

........... they

were seeing. Words spelled

(10)

........... what the characters

were saying, and connected

the different scenes. For example,

in

between a scene

showing our hero rushing to save

his beloved and

(11)

........ of her being tied to the train

tracks, the word'Meanwhile'

(12)

...........

invariably

appear on

the screen.

(13)

........... the

introduction

of

sound made most of this

wording redundant, the written

word

did

not disappear from film,

(14)

... .....

. with

the music, the design of the written

title

and

opening credits helped

to

set

the

scene and

establish the mood of

the

film.

Film

posters picked (15)

........... on this design feature, and

became

just

as important as the

artwork

in attracting the right

kind of audience to the film. A simple sheet of

paper

was

turned

(16)

........... an

emotional experience equal to

lhe film itself, with the lettering also

playing

a key role.

it

,ti1

,ii

:1

i

\

{i

rii

&

i;'.::illli

ll9

^la

B c

D

u

lr

:

t-

1

2

4

5

6

7

8

For

questions

17

-

24,

read

lhe text

below'

Use

the

word

given

in

capilals

at

the end

oi

some

oi

tne

lines

to

form

a word

that

fits in

the

gap

in the

same

line'

There

is an

example

at

the

beginning

(0)'

ln

the

exam,

you

write

your answers

lN

CAPITAL

LETTERS

on

a separate

answer

sheet.

Example:

Hidden

dePths

Archaeologists

have

used

aerial

photography

for

many

decades

to

(O)

..-

.....

patterns of

ancient

human

activity

on

the

ground'

Certain

features

of an

area,

such

as

ancient

field

boundaries

or

the outline

of

(r4 ...........

and

fortifications,

which

can

no longer

be

seen

on

the

ground, become

(18)

........-..

when

viewed

from

above'

The

use of

such

photography

has

(19) .......

... archaeologists

to

produce

maps

of

how

the

land

has

been

used

over

the

centuries'

But these

maps

have

always

had

gaps where

the

land

is wooded

because

traditional

cameras

can't

see

through

trees.

(20)

...........

,

a

solution

to

this

problem has

now been

found'

lt's

called

Lidar,

and

it's

a laser-based

aerial

(21)

"""

'

system

that

can

'see

through'

trees,

thus

revealing

archaeological

features

concealed

below'

Lidar

bounces

low-energy

laser

pulses off

the

ground

and

measures

how

long

it

takes

light

to

travel

back

to

the instrumenl

Most

of

the

pulses are

from

the

trees,

but

some

have

reached

the

ground'

A computer

selects

and

l22l

....."."'

these

and

produces an

image

of

the bare

earth.

Pioneering

work

with

the

technology

led

to

the discovery

oI

hundreds

of

previously

(23) ...""""

ancient

leatures

which

tend

to

be

l24l

...........

to the

naked

eye.

IDENTITY

SETTLE

APPEAR

ABLE

HAPPY

DETECT

ANALYSIS

KNOW

VISIBLE

I

D E

T

I

F

Y

TEST

7 READING

AND

USE

OF

ENGLISH

READING

AND USE

OF ENGLISH

TEST

7

For

questions

25

-

30,

complete

the

second sentence

so

that it

has a similar

meaning to

the first sentence, using the

word

given.

Do not

change

the

word

given.

You

must use

between three

and six words, including the word

given.

Here is

an example

(O).

Example:

0 Trevor

persuaded

his sister to enter

the competition.

TALKED

Trevor..........-.....

entering

the

competition.

The

gap

can be filled with the words 'talked

his sister into', so

you

write:

TALKED HI,

qI)TERINTO

ln the exam,

you

write only the missing words tN CAPITAL LETTERS

on a

separate

answer sheet.

One of the footballers was too

ill

to

play

that afternoon.

PREVENTEO

l'd

prefer

you

not to eat in the car, if

you

don't

mind.

WHILE

l'd rather

you

..... in

the

car

27 I find il amazing thal the

young

singer

performs

so confidently.

25

26

HOW

What amazes ........

.....

the

young

singer

performs.

28 The

price

of

laptop

computers

has

gone

down a lot in recent

years.

FALL

There has

price

of

laptop computers

in

recent

years.

The band's

pianist

finds it fairly easy to learn new songs.

COMES

Learning new songs the band's

pianist.

Applicants

for

the

post

need to demonstrate that they are both flexible

and

patient.

COMBINATION

Applicants

for the

post

need to demonstrale

patience.

29

30

ffi

Example:

You

are

going

to read

an

article

about

a

famous

designer'

For

questions 31

-

36'

choose

the

answer

O,

A, C

"ot

Di

which

you think

fits

best

according

to

the

text'

ln

the

exam,

you

mark

your

answers

on

a §eparate

answer

sheet'

The

Egg

Chair

TheEggChaìr'oneofthemostenduringsymbolsofthemodernistmovementindesign,WaScreatedinaDanish

garage over

60

yeur"

ugo_

roori,

il

qJirrv iuù*ti"

"rmchair

is more

extraordinarily

popular than

ever

before'

For decades,

the unmistakable

l*iràr-""ut"

trur"

brightened

up

fashionable

interiors

all

over

the

world'

starred

inHollywoodblockbusterssucnastvlenirBlack,andiazzed-upcountlesslrendyhotels,offices,barsandclubs'

cenuine

Egg

Chairs,

slill

m"o"

u!-tn-Jrni"n

"orpuny

Fritz

Hansen

and

priced at

a

hefty

t5'000,

sell

by

the

thousand

all over

the

world.

cheaper

reproductions,

at

anything

from

tsob

to t2,000,

have

been

snapped

up

by

the

million.

Right

now,

they,ve

n"*rT*n

,oi"

populaiand

originàl

examples

from

the

1950s

have

sold at

auction

in

New

York

for uP

to

$70'000.

For

all

this,

we

must

thank

one

man:

Arne

Jacobsen,

a

reclusive

architect

who

rarely

left his

copenhagen

studio'

HedesignedtheEggChairaSpartofacommissiontocreateanewlandmarkhotelinthecentreofthecityinthe

1950s.

The

sAS

Royal

Hotel,

*t,ì"nià"o*n"o

by

the

airline

of

the same

name,

was

to be

the

largest

hotel

in

Denmark,

and

the first

sr<v-scraper

ii'Àe

"orntry'"

history.

compared

unkindly

by

critics

to

a

glass cigarbox"

the

rectangular

steel

structure

|,erJin"

a

"ort

ot

ronument

to the

modernist

movemènt,

and Jacobsen,

who

is arguably

themostimportantSCandinaviandesignerofthe2othcentury,pioneeredthemodernistmovementinWhich

architects

began

to

design

botn

tne

inieriors'

and

the

actual

day-to-day

contents

of

lheìr

buildìngs'

,At

the

sAS

hotel,

this

meant

he

created

eveMhing

from

the

door

handles

and

cutlery

to

the

carpets

and

colour

Scheme,,,saysGemmaCurtin,acuratorattheDesignMuseum...HisphilosophyWasdescribedas.fromspoonto

city,,

and

the chair

*as

part

ot

Àài

iÀ"

rgg

chair

h,-as

soft

sides.

lt's

really

organic,

and stems

from

nature:

it looks

like

a

broken

shell that

a

little

chick

has

just

run

out

of.

lt's sophisticated

and

minimalist'

but

still

has a

sense

of

fun'

You can't

imagine

a

child

walfing

pasiwitnout

wanting

to

jump

in lt's

just

incredibly

warm

and

relaxing'"

Jacobsenbuilttheprototypeo{lheChairinhisgarageinCopenhageninlg5T.AfterSevelalminoradjustments'

ir

was unveited

to the

public

"t

rìoJ

o""ign

stiow.-wnen

tne hoteì

opened,

Egg

chairs

tilled

the

lobbv

and bar

area,

and

were

found

in every

oedroom.

Fritz

Hansen,

then an

up-market,

family-owned

furniture

manufacturer,

was

handed

a contract

to oririr"pri".a

to,

tashion-conscious

homeowners.

ln

keeping

with

the

tradition

that

true

classics

develop

gradually,

the

E-gg.

ònaiitoor

a

wnite

to catch

on, and

initial

sales

were

disappointing'

But

by

the

mid

1960s,

buyeri

had

grown to

love

its revolutionary

desìgn'

ThedesignexpertStephenBayleyincludestheEggChairinD,esign:lntelligenceMadeVisible,hisnewgUideto

modern

design

ct"""i""

"o-"rinoi"àLf

Si,

f"r"néà

conran.

He

b-elieves

tÀat "chair

design

ended"

in

the

late

1950s

,,This

was

when

cnarres

eames

iraiuJ"o

ni" ntu.inium

Group

classics,

and

Arne

Jacobsen

his

Egg,"

he says'

,,since

then,

there

have

o""n

À"aÀ"ng""

in human

physiology,

nor the

discovery

of any

relevant

new

materials'

and no

genuine impror"rn"n,"

in *nat"a

modern

chair

might

be. Jacobsen's

achievement

was

to

turn

the austerity

of functionalism

into

sometning

elegàni"no

.pur",

yet

luiurious

as

well.

He thought

of

architecture

and

lurniture

design as

two expressions

oI

tlh"

"àÀ"

o""ir.

to

ac-hieve

both

physical and

psychological

comfort."

AntiqueEggChairscannowcommandaStaggeringsum...|'VeWatchedthisgrowandgrowsincethebirthol

themoderndesignauction,,,saysJameszematis,thedirectorof2othcenturydesignatSotheby'sinNewYork.

.There,s

a

surging o"r"no

toàrr

post-war

oanisn

furniture."

The sky-high

prices have

ted-to

a burgeoning

market

in Egg chair

thefts,

which

Fritz

ialsàn

are

attempting

to combat

by

holding

a database

of

serial

numbers

which

all

genuine

Eggs have

"ar"o

ìnto

tn"

toot.

"And

you

ian

always

tell

a

fake,;

says

the company's

spokesman'

Jan

Helleskov.

,,1

look at

things

like

the siitching

and

the

dimensions,

and

the

basic

shape

and.the

fabric

we've

never

come

across

an imitation

purpoding to

be-an

Egg

Chair

that

we

couldn't

spot

at

a

glance

"

TEST

7 READING

AND

USE

OF ENGLISH

31

32

33

34

35

36

Which

adiective, used

later

in the first

paragraph,

reinforces the idea

that the Egg

Chair was

'quirky' (line

2)?

A

B

D

unmistakable

trendy

hefty

sought-after

What do we learn

about

the

SAS

Royal

Hotel in the second

paragraph?

A Only

parts

of it

were

designed by Arne Jacobsen.

B Not everybody appreciated its

design at the

time.

C

lt was made

of

materials not

previously

used

in Denmark.

D Part of it has

since

been turned

into a museum

of

architecture.

According

to

Gemma Curtin, the Egg Chair

A was inspired

by aspects

of the

natural

world.

B has not always been

taken

seriously

by designers.

C

is more

practical

than many

people

imagine it will

be.

D reflects a

philosophy

no longer important in modern

design.

ln the fourth

paragraph,

we learn that when the Egg

Chair

first went

on show,

A

it

had

design faults that were

later

rectified.

B it was already being mass-produced by

a company.

C

it did not immediately become

a commercial

success.

D

it

was recognised

as

a design that would become highly influential.

According

to Stephen Bayley, the Egg

Chair

A has adapted well

to

the use of new materials.

B

remains the

best design

for its

intended

purpose.

C has lended to

prevent

new chair designs being appreciated.

D continues to achieve only

one

of

its

creator's

two

main aims.

The

writer

quotes

Jan

Helleskov in order to show how

A worried the

original makers

are

about

fakes.

B the original

makers help

chair

owners

to avoid theft.

C

well made

an original chair

from

the

1960s actually

is.

D easy it is for

the

company to identify a fake reproduction.

IìEAD1NG AND USE OF ENGLISH

TEST 7

t43

T-

YouaregoingtoreadfourreviewsofacollectionofshortStories.Forquestions3T-40,choosefromthe

critics

A--

D.

The

critics

may

be

chosen

more

than

once'

ln

the

exam,

you

mark

your

answers

on

a

separate

answer

sheet'

Gritic

A

Nancy

Belmont,s

latest

collection

of

short

stories

marks

an

interesting

departure

from

her

Already

a

successful

fiction

stylist,

Belmont

has

a

parallel career

as

an acclaimed

food

writer'

These

ten

short

stories

are

a

hybrid

of

ìhe two

activtties.

Éach

is set

in

a

different

city

and

is

framed

around

solving

a

family

difficulty

over

a

hearty

meat_

lt sounoslntli"g,

urt

combining

the..ingredients

proves

rathertricky.

The

various

cities

are

confidenly

evoked

in bri"f;;;;

;;;its

and

the-family

iheme

is

handled

with

the

sensitivitv

and

insight

we,ve

come

to

expect

from

g"iro;t.

sadly,

however,

the main

players in each

of

the

dinner-table

dramas

which

unfold

are

curiously

lacking

in empathy,

making

it

hard

for

thereàder

to turn

to

each

successive

episode

with

enthusiasm.Reproducingtheactualrecipesisabravemove-butinreality,Whowouldturntoabookofshort

stories

for

tiPs on

lasagne

making?

Critic

B

TheConceitthatfamilydifferencescanandoftenareresolvedoverasharedmealiSattheheartofNancy

Belmont,S

new

book

of

short

storl.s.

uer

protagonists

and

their

human

weaknesses

are

deftly

drawn

and

Subtly

appealing,

and

the

thread

tnat

runs

through

ùese

stories

of

effectively

sorting

out

problems

over

a

lengthy

dinner

at

home

never

palls.

you,d

think

it

wauld

be

hard

to

sustain

the

momentum,

but

Belmont

manages

to

pull

it off.

Each

meal

takes

pta". in u

Jitt.runt

capital

and

Belmont's

sparkling

prose brings

each

location

vividly

to

lire

in a

few

brief

sentences

-

often

invoking

iconic

architectural

features

to

make

them

instantly

recognisable'

choosing

to feature

st.p-oy-stlf

instructiois

for

making

the

dishes

consumed

is

a novel

and

highly

entertaining

t*i"t

-

t lun

personally

vouch

for

the

apple

pie

on

page 1 22'

Critic

C

AcollectionofStorieseachbasedinadifferentcity,focusingonthepreparationandconsumptionoffood,

sounds

like

something

that

would

keep

even

the

most

world-wàry

traveller

entertained

and

attentive'

The

actual

treatment

of

cosmopolitan

fiuing

iniun"V

Belmont's

new

vdumé

is

patch, however.

Allhough

she

manages

to

conjure

up

Beijing

so

that

the

rÉader

can

almost

smell

the

cloying

summer

heat, her

characters

tucking

in

to a

family

meal

in

paris,

could

tr"nr.rv

À"

"nv*nere.

That's

not

to sa!

that

the

Parisian

family.aren't iust

as

likable

and

engaging

as

those

in

the

other

stories

-

who

are

almost

withòut

fail

amusing

and

sensitively

drawn'

Listing

ingredients

and

providing

det;iled

instructions

for

preparing

the

dishes

themselves

is

an

unexpected

and

neat

device,

which

works

well

in

,"intoi$g

Belmont,s

underlying

message

-

that

making

and

sharing

food

is

the

key

to family

relationships

the

world

over'

Gritic

D

It,s

a rare book

of

short

stories

that

has

me

checking

the

contents

of

kitchen

cupboards,

but

readers

of

Nancy

Belmont,s

latest

collection

benefit

from

tips

on

how

to

cook

the many

fine

meals

her

protagonists

argue

and

make

peace

over. Just

as

the

rJp*

,"ry,

so

do

thè

locations

as she

takes

us

on

a

whistle-stop

tour

of

major

citiès.

The urban

settings

,r"

ini"rn"tionui,

and

so

too

is

the

food,

to the

point

where

this

reader

sometimes

found

it hard

to recall

in

whtch

metropolis

the

current

story

was

set.

Food

is

prepared,

the

family

gathers,

food

is consumed.

lt,s a simple

formula,

and

one

rich

with

potential,

but it's

a

challenge

to

sustain

interest

over

ten

stories,

even

for a

writer

as

skilled

as

Belmont,

who

seems

more

comfortable

supplying

deft

and

amusing

descriptions

of

her diners

than

in

pointing

us

to

universal

truths

about

the

curative

powers

of sharing

food'

TEST

7 READING

AND

USE

OF

ENGLISH

Whach

critic

shares A's view

about the

descriptions of

the

places

featured

in the stories?

has

a different opinion

to the other three about the

inclusion of

a cookery

section in the book?

shares

B's

opinion

of how

successfully the main theme is

handled?

has

a different opinion to

C

regarding the

appeal

of

the main

characters

in the stories?

rrTl

tos-T-

l

t*T-l

f..oT- l

145

RFADING AND USE OF

ENGLISH

TEST 7

You

are

going

to

read

an

extract

from

a

wildlife magazine'

Six

paragraphs

have

been

,"rnor"itroÀ

tne article.

Choose

from

the

paragraphs A

-

G the

one

which

fits

each

gap

(41

-

46).

There

is one

extra

paragraph which

you

do

not

need

to use'

ln

the exam,

you

mark

your

answers

on

a separate

answer

sheet'

Don't

fear

the beaver

Cursedwithareputationfordestruction,thebeaverisnowcomingtobeseenaseco-friendly.

It took

years of

research

and

planning,

but

finally

everything

was

ready

After

an absence

of at

least

200

years, beavers

looked

set

to

return

to

mainland

Britain,

one

of

the

final

Jronliers

in their

reintroduction

across

Europe'

The

plan

was

to release

them

into

a secluded

valley

in

a

foresl

in the

west

of Scotland

and

see

how

they

got

on.

Popular

support

was

strong

but

last-minute

lobbying

from

powerful

local

landowners

resulted

in the

Scottish

Executive

relusing

permission.

Once

again,

it

seemed,

thèse

shy

herbivores

had

fallen

foul

of

their

reputation

for

eco-destruction'

The

beaver's

love

of

hydrological

engineering

has

in

fact

brought

it

into

conllict

with

people across

Europe

and

North

America

lor

centuries,

so

il's

no

small

irony

that experts

are

now

realising

that

this

is exactly

why we

need

beavers

in

the

countryside.

"They

are

the

quintessential

ecosystem

engineers,"

says

ecologist

James

Byers

at

the

University

of

New

Hampshire.

'And

they'll

do

this

work

for free."

Pursued

for centuries

by

hunters

keen

to

transform

their

fur

into

luxury

waterproof

hats,

beavers

were

probably saved

from

extinction

only

by

a change

oi

fashion

in

the

1840s

By

the

beginning

of

the

20th

century,

tiny

populations of

the

European

beaver,

Castor

fiber,

suruived

in

just

a

few

rivers

in Bussia,

Norway,

France

and

Germany

Meanwhile,

across

the Atiantic,

the closely

American

species

Castor

canadensis

clung

on

only in Canada's

remote

boreal

foresls.

"The

reinlroduction

oithe

beaver

in Europe

has

been

an outstanding

success,"

says

Andrew

Kitchener,

principal curator

of

mammals

and birds

at National

Museums

Scotland

in

Edinburgh.

"lmmensely

adaptable,

they feed

on

a

wide

range

of

herbaceous

planls and

can

set up

home

in almost

any

freshwater

environment."

ln North

America

this

is even

more

the

case

than

in Europe.

But

'proactive

management'

is

encouraging

people to learn

to live

with

them

there

too. One

useful

tool

is

the

'beaver

deceiver',

a

perforated

plastic

pipe

that

beavers

find

impossible

to

plug

up

lnseded

into

an

inconvenient

dam'

beaver

deceivers

create

permanent leaks

which

keep

water

tevels

at

a

chosen

maximum.

Accepting

beavers

as

neighbours

is

one

thing,

but

many

experts

now

believe

we should

be

actively

promoting

their

spread

into

their

former

ranges.

For a

start,

they say,

beavers

bring

ecological

benefits

by

creating

ponds

upstream

of their

dams

-

instant

wetlands

recreating

those

destroyed

throtlgh

centuries

of

drainage

camPaigns.

It could

be

a similar

story

ìn

those

places

where

beavers

remain

unwelcome.

"Beavers

would

create habitats

suitable

for up

to 32 species

in

need

of urgent

conservation

action,"

says

Rob

Slrachan

of the

UK's

Environment

Agency'

Critics

ask

why

money

should

be

put

into

bringing

back

one species?

Bui

when lots of

other

animals

and

plants benefii

too

-

it

makes

for extremely

cost-effective

conservation'

M

41

45

42

46

43

TEST

7

READING

AND USE

OI

ENGLISH

READING

AND USE

OF ENGLISH TEST 7

A When they choose large

rivers

for

thìs, they burrow

into the banks

and build

underwater entrances

to

their'lodges',

whìch

are

invisible

to humans.

ln small waterways,

however, they construct

dams

of

mud and

timber to raise

water levels

and create

ponds

in

which they can

then recreate

the

same

kind of

safe

shelter.

lt

is

these structures

that are

perceived

as a nuisance.

B Today, both

species are steadily

re-colonising

their original

ranges,

through

a combination of

planned

releases and

natural spread. Now

re-

established

in 26 European countries,

beavers are

missing from

only a

handful

including mainland

Britain

(there

is no evidence

that beavers

have ever

lived in lreland).

C

These beaver'ghost

towns' are

another

familiar

feature in

the

wetlands because

beavers

move

along

when

their

preferred

food

plants

are

depleted,

allowing vegetation

to

regenerate.

ln the

process

they

become agents

for renewal,

helping

to

create dynamic,

biodiverse

landscapes.

D

ln the Adirondack

mountains

of

New

York, for instance,

the habitats

created

by beavers

along river

banks

are

rich in

plants

found

nowhere

else.

ln Canada, ecologists

have

discovered

that monitoring

the

still

waters behind

beaver dams

is

the best way

to study amphibian

populations

-

the

frogs and toads

can

barely

survive anywhere

else.

E Beaver-built

waterworks not

only

create

habitats

for wildlife, he

explains,

they also boost water

quality

and reduce the

twin threats

of

drought and

flooding. ln fact, the

beaver

could even be

an invaluable

ally

in battling

the effects of

climate

change.

F Beavers

are no strangers to

such

opposition.

ln

this

case,

people

feared

they would damage

valuable

salmon

stocks

in local rivers. Beavers

don't eat

fish

-

though

plenty

of

people

think they do

-

but the local

groups

mislakenly

imagined

their

dams

would cause

problems.

lt's an

old, misbegotten

story.

G Another

device,

essentially a sturdy

wire-mesh cage,

prevents

beavers

blocking

culveds and

flooding

roads.

Trees can

be

protected

by

wrapping

them in

wire mesh, or by coating

tree

trunks

with a sand-rich

paint.

ln

the

f uture,

chemical

repellents containing

extracts

from unpalatable

plants

may

do

the

job.

147

YoUaregoingtoreadanarticleaboutfourbusinesswomen.Forquestions4T-56,

choose

from

the sections

(A

-

D).

The

sections

may be chosen

more

than

once'

ln the exam,

you

mark

your

answers

on a separate

answer

§heet'

New directions

Four businesswomen who risked everything to make their foftune

A Annie Westmorland: recruitment consultancy

I'd worked lor

years

in

marketing, and

had an MBA degree,

yet

never seemed to be in the running

for

a

more

senior

position,

which was frust€ting.

One

day, a work contact

asked

iI I knew

anyone

suitable for a

post

he was trying to

fill.

I

put

some names

fomard, and

one

of those

people

was

recruited. That

got

me

thinking about becoming a recruitment consultant. I did a bit of discreet

networking,

asking some business contacts

if they'd use me iI I set myself up as one. The response

was

good,

but it still

took me

a

year

to summon

up

the courage to

quit

my

job

and

go

for it. My first

job

was

to

,ind

six

salespeople for

a communicalions

company. I

placed

an

advert

in

a

local

business

paper

and

waited. Gradually

the

CVs came

in. I did dozens of interviews

and

filled all

the

places.

After

that, the

work rolled in and l'm now

well

ahead

of my

projected

lurnover for the

year.

B Zoe Wong: clothing company

I was lying on a beach trying to

think

of something to

wear one

evening

that I didn't have to iron. Thal

sparked an idea:

how

fantastic

if

all my

dresses

could

be wrinkle-free and ready-to-wear. I

got

very

excited

and

couldn't wait to

gel

home

and start researching.

I was a complete novice in the fashion

world. I was working as a sports-marketing

and

publicity

consultant but my heart wasn't in it. Starting

my own

business

seemed to be the answer to a lot of

problems.

Using

my savings, I

got

on a

plane

to

Thailand and spent

a

couple

of weeks researching fabrics

lhat looked silky

and

expensive,

yet

were

almost crease-free.

lt was scary, but I had

faith

that

the dresses would sell. My lucky break came

when

a

friend managed to

get

me a cheap advert in an

upmarket

glossy

magaine. She helped me

arrange a

photo

shoot with

glamorous

models wearing

the

dresses.

ll cost

a

lot, but after lhat the

orders

flooded in. You have to be a risk-taker to make a business

work, but

if

you're

successful, the

rewards

are

huqe.

C

Melanie Hardisty: event-planning business

The idea came

when

I

was asked to arrange a socìal event for members of

the

gym

I went to. lt

occuned lo me

that this was a seruice that

you

could sell

to

companies, and

something I could do

without huge amounls of experience.

I had no idea if it would work.

My first

event

was

a

golt

day

with a

gourmet

meal

in

the evening. I

went for a date six weeks ahead and booked

everythìng up, but

set aside

part

of my life savings to cover my costs if it was a disaster.

I made up some flyers on my

computer,

then spent

a

weekend in town handing them out

and texting everyone I knew. lnilially there

wasn't much

interest and I thought l'd made a terrible

mistake. But then the

phone

started ringing

and

the

event

was soon

fully-booked.

The

day

was a

great

success and I made a

profit.

D Fiorella Lucchesi:

web-design business

I started up

through necessity

-

I

was

made redundant from my accountancy

job,

and couldn't

get

another.

I thought I'd brush up on my

computer skills and did a course. But

I wasted

my

money

because

it wasn't up to much. Not

to be discouraged, I bought lots oI books and

taught myselt.

I'd always

been interested in websale design

and thought it was an area where

I could make $me

money.

A friend saw some designs

I'd done and mentioned my name

to

someone

who wanted

a

website for

his hypnotherapy

business.

l'd no idea what

to

charge,

so I said the

first number

that

came

into my

head, which was e700, and he agrèed. lt only took

me a couple ol

days and

he was

delighted with

the results. Word spread among the alternative

therapy community

and I

got

more

work than I could

cope with. I only needed to design two

websites

a

wek

to

make

the salary

I'd

bm

earning before.

ln my first month I

designed

four websites and

in the second

month

I did six.

Which of

the

businesswomen

realises

how

fortunate

she

was

to find

an effective

way of

promoting

her

products?

did

some

informal

market

research

before starting

her business?

was at

first

disappointed

by

the

response

to

her

publicity?

had no

choice

but

to

find a

new

career

path?

felt that her

lacked

promotion

prospects?

admits

to having

no

experience

whatsoever

in the field

she

entered?

produced her own

publicity

material?

says she

didn't

feel committed

to

a

got

business

as a result

of

word-of-mouth

recommendations?

waited

until

she

felt confident

enough

to leave a

fez-n

rcT-l

f*-n

f'T-l

f'_l-

-l

f*T-']

f*T

l

f*T

-l

f*T

-l

f*-n

TEST

7 READING

AND USE OF

ENGLISH

READING

AND

USE

OF ENGLISH

TEST

7

t49

For

questions

1

-

8, read

the

text

below

and

decide

which

answer

(A,

B,

C or

D)

best

fits

each

gap'

There

is

an

example at

the

beginning

(0).

ln the exam,

you

mark

your

answers

on

a separate

answer

sheet'

Example:

O

Aamount

Bquantity

C

volume

D extent

A

question of safety

Life

involves

a certain

{o)

.

.. .. of

risk,

or

at

least

it did.

These

days,

however,

governments

seem

to

have

become

(1)

...........

with

the

idea of

protecting us

from

it.

As a

result,

what

we actually

rlsk

most

is not being

allowed

to

live at all.

one

edict,

which

emerged

from

the

British

government's

health-and-safety

department,

would

be

amusing

if

it

wasn,t

so

serious.

Circus

artistes

performing on

tightropes

or the

flying

trapeze

are

being

(2) ..... . .

1o wear

the

type

of

hard

hats more

usually

(3)

...........

with

the constructìon

industry.

Under

the

'Temporary

work

at

Heights

Directive,,

such a hat

must

be worn

for

any

working

activity

taking

(4)

.....

above

the

height

of

an 'average

stepladder,.

Now

you

might

think

that

sounds

(5)

...........

reasonable,

but

the absurd

thing

is that

the

rule

is being

(6)

.. ,...

to circus

performers

aS

well.

Used

to flying

through

the air without

even

the

(7)

'....,.,,..

of

a safety

net,

performers

point

out

that

trapeze

artistes

often

break

arms

and legs,

but

(8)

""

"

heads'

'l

Aprone

Bobsessed

Caddicted

Ddevoted

A

proposed

A regarded

A

place

A fairly

A

presided

A

profit

A merely

B

challenged

B

associated

B forth

B duly

B enJorced

B benefit

B unlikely

C

required

C

recognised

C

part

C

widely

C

directed

C

remedy

C

rarely

D demanded

D concerned

D

ahead

D

closely

D applied

D welfare

D unusually

I

ABCD

-ÉE-

0

TEST

6

READING

AND USE

OF ENGLISH

READING AND USE OF

ENGLìSH

TEST

6

0

For

questions

I

-

16,

read the

text below and think

of the word which

best

fits each

gap.

Use

only one word in

each

gap.

There is an

example at the beginning (0).

ln the exam,

you

write

your

answers lN

CAPITAL

LETTERS

on a

separate answer

sheet.

Example:

The

hamster's

body clock

Hamsters

have

(0)

........-..

need for alarm clocks.

ln the strange world

of circadian

rhythms

-

the 24-hour

cycle

(9)

...........

governs

almost every

biological

process

in

every living

thing,

(10)

........... body temperature

to digestion to sleeplng

and waking

-

the

hamster is

(11)

...........

equivalent of the

Swiss watch.

(121

........... to Professor

Michael Antle

from

the University

of

Calgary's

Department

of

Psychology,

you

can

predict

to

wilhin a minute

(13)

.......-..a hamster is

going

to

wake

up.

(14)

........... turning

on

their

light for 15 minutes in the

middle of the night, however,

he

can

make his hamsters wake

up

an

hour earlier the next day. They

still need their

usual

fourteen hours' sleep,

but their biological clocks

appear to be set

back.

When he

saw the

effect

inilially in his laboratory, Antle was shocked

at

(15)

...........

big

it was.

An eight-hour

adjustment is

something

useful

-

it

could mean

travelling from Canada to London

without

suffering from

jetlag.

(16)

........... the same thing

worked for humans, Antle

really would be

on to

something.

m

For

questions 17

-

24,

read the text below.

Use

the word

given

in capitals

at the end

ot

some

of

the lines to form

a

word

that lits in

the

gap

in the same line.

There is an

example

at

the

beginning

(0).

ln the

exam,

you

write

your

answers

lN CAPITAL

LETTERS on

a separate

answer

sheet.

Example:

lntrepid travel

lntrepid

Travel is

(0)

........... a

tour operator

which

aims to

provide

its clients

with holidays

that take them ofi the

(17)

........... track in small

groups,

whilst

at

the same

time allowing them the

(18)

........... and

freedom

to really

gain

first-hand

experience

of

local cultures.

The company

divides trips into

two categories. The Active Range

aims

to combine

physical

challenge

with

cultural

(19)

........

,

whereas

the Comfort

Range

puts

the emphasis more on a

(20)

....."

..

of travel

to

unusual

destinations and

some

of lìfe's

small

(2'l)

........... .

ln other

words,

you

have a

l22l

... ..... of intrepid adventures to suit

both

your

budget and

your preferred

level of comfort.

For example,

you

might

find

a

trek in

Peru

more to

your

taste than,

say, a

feast in

Morocco;

or maybe

an African

safari

is more likely

to meet

your (231

..

lntrepid clients

get

the chance to see

some of

the world's most amazing

places,

engage

with fascinating

cultures

and have some

l24l

...........

real-life

experiences along

the way

ESSENCE

BEAT

FLEXIBLE

INTERACT

COMBINE

PLEASE

CHOOSE

REOUIRE

FORGET

E

5 5 E

T I A

L L Y

TEST 6

READING

AND

USE OF ENGLISH

READING

AND USE

OF

ENGLISH

TEST

6

25

For

questions

25

-

30, complete the second sentence so that it has a

similar

meaning to

the first sentence, using the

word

given.

Do not change the word

given.

You must

use

between

three

and six

words, including the word

given.

Here is an example

(0).

Example:

0 Chloe would

only

eat a

pizza

if she could have a mushroom topping.

ON

Chloe .............................

......

a mushroom

topping when

she ate a

pizza.

The

gap

can

be

filled with the words'insisted

on

having', so

you

write

Example;

INSISTED

ON

HAVINO

ln the exam,

you

write

only

the missing

words

lN CAPITAL

LETTERS

on a separate

answer

sheet.

26

Leo

is so skilful

at

basketball

that he

makes

it look

easy.

IS

Such .................

... basketball

player

that he

makes

it look

easy.

Brian couldn't explain how

the

stolen computer

got

into

the

boot of his car.

LOSS

Brian ................. ... how

the

stolen

computer

got

into the

boot of

his

car,

The footballer

injured

his

knee, so that was the

end

of his hopes of a first team

place.

PAID

The footballer's knee ................ his

hopes

of a

first team

place.

29

This film stands

a very

good

chance

of

winning

an

award.

HIGHLY

It is .................... win an award.

Davina can't even boil an egg and she certainly couldn't cook a whole

meal.

ALONE

Davina can't even boil an

egg

27

a

whole

meal

30

Kelvin

should

call in

a

builder to repair those broken roof tiles

GET

Kevin should by a buìlder.

2A

121

You are

going

to read four extracts

from reports

written by

people

who

attended a conference

on

the

subiect

of innovation in

business.

For

questions

37

-

40,

choose

from the extracts

A

-

D. The extracts

may

be

chosen

more than

once.

ln the exam,

you

mark

your

answers

on a

separate

answer sheet,

A Alec

Royle

I

spent a stimulating three days at

the conference

entitled

'Managing

Successful

innovation'.

This brought together

under

one roof

almost

500 managers

who,

as one

presentèr

aptly

put

it:

"recognise the need

to encourage

innovalion,

but

don't always know how

to achieve

it". lnnovation

is indeed a hot topic

just

now, and at

ihis event

it was thoroughly

dissected from a variety of

angles

by some accomplished

speakers. Given

that we

were at a

hotel

with state-oflhe-art,

purpose-built

conference

facilities

including

comforlable

lecture theatres

and spacious

public

areas,

it's

a shame more

time

wasn't built in

for informal

mingling with

the other attendees

-

always

such a valuable

part

of these

events. You

couldn't fault

the refreshments,

however. Short

as the breaks were, there

was

a

ready supply of

intriguing

snacks

on

otfer.

lt was as if the hotel kìtchen

had been

asked to

pick

up

on

the theme of

the

conference itself.

B Benwong

As a seasoned conference-goer,

I find myself

paying

less attention to who's been

paid

to speak

than to

who's

being

paid

to

go

and listen. That, for me,

is the real benefit of

events like last month's conference on innovation

in business, and

I

did

come

away

with a

pocketful

of calling

cards. I've already

started

chasing up

the most

promising

ones. lt was also

heartening to see so many other managers

sharing my

views on the

significance

of ìnnovation, and

the need to

promote

it to survive in our fast-changing commercial

environment.

Of the formal sessions, none came

close to

matching

the

energy and originality of some ol

those ai last

year's

event, when the locus was on disruptive

technology. A

thème

unintentionally revisited this

year

when a hitch

in the kitchen meant half the ilems on the

lunch menu never materialised.

C Chris Shakeston

l'd been told that this conference

centre was

the hot ticket in terms of what the hospitality

industry has

to

offer

-

so it

was a bit of a let-down to find

the catering was a

bit run-of-the-mill. lnnovation is certainly a

buzzword

in the

business

community, so Managing

Successful lnnovation

seemed

a

promising

conference

to sign up

for. But I came away

thinking that the

current

'era of innovation' as

I heard

it

described is a bit of an exaggeration.

ln reality,

developing new

concepts and

inventions is what humans have always

done. Admiltedly,

there

were

some very

polished

talks by world-

renowned management

gurus,

but

the main

thrust of the

programme

ssemed a bit

hackneyed to me. Conferences are

about building relationships as well

as

provoking

thought,

however,

and

strengthening such bonds

and extending our

reach is the real reason many of us

were there.

D Dancomez

l've

been to lots of conferences

in my lime

-

some

excellent and some less so.

The recent one I attended

on the

subject of Managing Successful lnnovation

wasn't

the worst,

but

neither was it the best l've known.

There were some

famous

names on the

programme

and

the sessions

were certainly slick in terms ol delivery. The

issue for me, however,

was that

so much has been said on

the subject in

recent

years

that

even

these well-known

practitioners

in the

fiBld

of innovation

had little to add. Judging

by the chat over

the rather

uninspiring

lunch, I wasn't

alone in feeling lhat

innovation

was

precisely

what seemed

to be in short supply!

To my

mind,

there was also a bit

too much input on the

packed

programme-

l'd have appreciated

more time for

interacting with the other

participants

and

getting

to know a

few

people.

lsn't

that why we

go

to

conferences?

TEST 6 READING

AND

USE OF ENGLISH

READING

AND USE OF ENGLISH

TEST

6

r25

Which

attendee

shares Ben

Wong's

opinion about the

relevance

of

the

overall

theme of the

conferencè?

has

a

different

view

to

the

other three regarding

the

performance

of the

presenters

at the conference?

shares

Alec Royle's view

of the

opportunities

for networking

at the

conference?

has

a different

opinion to

Chris Shakeston

about the

catering

arrangements

at the conference?

F?-i--l

FBI--l

t*-rl

r*-n

You are

going

to

read an extract

from

a

magazine.

Six

paragraphs

have been removed

from the article. Choose from

the

paragraphs

A

-

G the one which fits each

gap (41

-

46).

There is

one

extra

paragraph

which

you

do not

need

to

use.

ln the exam,

you

mark

your

answers

on

a separate

answer sheet.

Life choices

Would

you give

up a dull

but secure

job

to fulfil

your

ream

ambition? Susannah

Bates did.

We last interviewed

Susannah

Bates

five

years

ago,

just

after the

publication

of her

second novel

in

little

more than 12 months.

And

then it went a bit

quiet.

Her third tale is

now out

-

so why

the long

gap?

Well, we

need to rewind to January six

years

ago. ln

that month,

Susannah

rekindled a romance

with

a

former

boy{riend

from her days

at

university.

Her first book,

Charmed

Lives,

was

out not

long

afier

-

and

pretty quickly,

it

seems

life was imitating art.

The

sequel, also

featuring

a city

lawyer, was

by

this

time

pretty

much done and

dusted

and would appear on

the

bookshelves

the

following spring.

"l'd already done

a bit of work on

the next

one,

but not

a

huge

amount. But when

I

did

get

down

to

working

on it,

it

didn't come as easily as

the

others. They came out

quite quickly,

and

then there's been this

gap."

The successful

publication

of

three

novels,

with one to come as

part

of her current

publishing

deal, certainly vindicates her

decision

to

turn her back on

the law

after

two

years

at law school, and a

year

working

in London. Wisdom is about realising what

works for

you,

and she hasn't looked back.

you

can

put your

head

down and do hard

work. But I

eventually decided

liust wasn't

temperamentally

suited

to it. I

came to

specialise in banking law. They

didn't

ever

say

you

had to be that

good

with

numbers,

but lthink it would've helpedl" she laughs.

"Those who

stay

in the industry do it

because they love that side of it. They

get

a real buzz and think 'This deal's worth

eight million' or 'The deal

we're

working

on is

going

to be on the

front

pages

of the

business section.' For me,

it

could have

been eight dollars. Eight million? lt wasn't

that big

an

issue. lt didn't

give

me the same

thrill."

"l've never thought writing was

a

realistic

option, especially

my

sort of writing,

because so many

people

fail at it. Maybe

it's my upbringing, but I

really felt

it was

important,

leaving university,

to earn money,

and I didn't

see

how

I

could ever do that

by

writing.

I

think

that

was the real explanation,

and

I

wanted

to

be

independent. I

also

thought that whatever I did, l'd

put

my head

down and

come to enjoy

it;

I didn't realise

I'd find the

law

quite

so dry!"

"What's more, when

I

was

trying to

get

published

and

taken

on by an agent, I

was

treated

more seriously

because

I

was

a

lawyer;

I suspect because

it

shows

But that's all in

the

past.

Thoughts

for the

future

centre

on a fourth

novel.

There's no

title as

yet,

but there are many thoughts

swirling and

settling

in Susannah's mind.

44

41

45

42

46

43

TEST

6

READING

AND

USE

OF ENGTISH

READING

AND

USE OF ENGLISH TEST 6 t)7

A "l was ìncredibly naìVe to think that

initìal

feeling

would change, and I

took a while to

realise I

was hitting

my head

against

a brick wall. Maybe

it was because

there's

part

of me

that likes ticking boxes and

jumping

through hoops

and

getting

approval,

and there's a loi of that in the law."

It features a successful high{lying

young

lawyer who has everything

except a life outside the office, until

she meets

her

beau. Susannah was a

lawyer

who

gave

up the law in

order

to write, and who then met hers. They

got

engaged as spring turned into

summer,

and

before the

end of

the

year,

were

manied.

"lt's as

if

I suddenly saw the light,"

she

says. "l've

got

a

friend from

that time and I hate to think what

he's earning compared to what I'm

earning! But I don't really regret

giving

it

up.

I don't regret

having

done it, either; I think it's really

great

grounding,

knowing what

it

is to

be a

professional,

and I've used aspects of

that in my writing."

"My

mother's

quite

realistic

about

decisions and

I

remember

her

saying

when I was

wondering

whether to

go

through with it:

'Write

a short story,

send it to a magazine, see

how it

gets

on."'

To an outsider,

therefore,

it seems

a

bit

surprising that

Susannah

joìned

the

profession

in the first

place.

As

an English

student

at university,

she co-wrote a

couple

of

plays,

performed

at a national festival;

one

was nominated for an award.

So

why

didn't she follow a literary

star?

That department

appealed

because

she liked the amusing

people

there.

"You

could

have fun flicking

elastic

bands at everyone or sending a fake

email from someone else's computer,

but at

the

end of

the day

you

had

to

go

back to

your

desk and look at

those rows of

figures,"

she smiles.

"When

I'm working on

a novel,

I

need

to shut myself away. lt's

quite

a

sad,

lonely activity," she

laughs.

"But

when

life's looking up and

you're

busy and

have someone around,

you're

very

easily distracted. lt took a long time to

find

my rhythm

again."

B

G

c

D

You

are

going

to read an article about

the

sport called canyoning.

For

questions

47

-

56,

choose from

the designers

(A

-

D). The sections

may be chosen more

than once.

ln the

exam,

you

mark

your

answers on a

separate answer sheet.

Which section mentions

a variant of the sport

that is less challenging?

a

way

of mastering the

basic skills required

by

the

sport?

an example of why the

sport demands

both courage and determination?

artificial aids

thal

have

been introduced for the

benefit of

participants?

a

growing

awareness

of the sport in certain

places?

how some of the best locations

for lhe

sport were

discovered?

a specially adapted

piece

of

gear

that

is available to

participants?

the type

of

people

who

pioneered

the

sport?

the aim

of

each

canyoning

expedition?

professional guidance

in obtaining

the

most appropriate

equipment?

tE t-_l

t*[-l

f*

T--l

ft"]---,

Fì.1--l

[5r][-l

['qr-l

rqn

r5nrt--l

[il

TEST 6 READING

AND

USE

OF

ENGLISH

RI:ADING

AND USE OF ENGLISH

TEST

6

t29

Gorge

yourself

A

After

a long, hard

week

crunclring nunrbers,

writing

up

reports,

doing assignments

or whatever

it

is

you

do, don't

you

sonrelirnes frel

like

chucking

yourself

oll a cliff? Well, you,re

not

alone.

There'.s

even

a narne lor

people

with such

impulses:

they're called

canyoneers.

Canyoning,

which

was

established

as a sport

rìround l5

years

ago

by a lèw fearless

thrill-seekcrs

in France

and

spain, is

being

adopted as

the

larest

way

flor stressed-out

high

achievers

to

purge

themselves

of

the

pressures

of

work or

study lor the

sinrple reason

that nothing

clears

the mind

better

than

the

prospect

ol'leaping

off

the side ol

a

gorge

into

a

pool

of linrpid,

mountain-fresh

water

which

can

be as much

as 20 metres

beneath

your

fee1.

Thcre is, however,

more

to canyoning

than

that:

it's

a true

adventure sport

that regularly

embraces

the disciplines

of hiking,

climbing, abseiling

and

swimming,

and it's certainly

not for

the faint

of heart or weak

of limb.

B

A typical canyoneers

outfit

cosls around

f,1,250

and comprises

zr high-quality

wetsuit,

neoprene

socks

and

gloves,

a

salety

helmet fitted

with

a waterproof headlight

and

a

perforated

canyoning

backpack

designed

to let

out all the weighty

water

that accumulates

on the way

down.

you,ll

also need a

decent first-aid

kit

(just

in

case) and

top-notch climbing

equipmcnt

including

ropes

and

a

harness

and last

but not least,

a lew

equally

adventurous fr.iends.

Because il'therc,s

one

thing

oanyoning isn't,

it's

a sport for the lone

wolf.

Although it's difficult

to define

precisely,

canyoning

basically

involves

making

your

way

to the

top of an

extremely long

and high

gorge

and

then traversing your

way

down to

the bottom

by the best

means

possible

which

usually

involves

a combination

of abseiling,

clirnbing,

jumping,

sliding

and swimnring.

One

thing it

always requires,

howeveq is

commitment

-

because

once

you're

halfway

rlown

a creek it,s

olìen

lar more

dimcult

to turn back

and try

to reach the

salety of flat

terrain than it

is to keep

on

going.

Even though going

on nright involve

an abseil

down a

sheer rock face

or a seemingly

internrinable

creep

around

a ledge barely

I 5 centimetres

wide.

C

In

the

early

days

it was very

much a voyage

of discovery,

with

pioneering

canyonrers

seeking

out inlerestinglooking

gorges

and sirnply

going

for it

to

see

if there was

a navigable route

from

top

to bottom.

Since then,

however, many

of those

gorges

have been

opened up

by

professional

guidcs

who have

established

safer, but

still exciting, routes

and have

also equipped

the rocks with

climbing bolts,

hooks and

rings to which visiting

canyoneers can rope

up. Typical

of the

type ol'

peopie

who

are becoming

hooked on

the sport is

Christine Pasquieq

who works

in the

luxury

goods

industry.

"When

I started about

l5

years

ago it ditln't have

a name and

it wasn,t regarded

as a sport," she

says.

"It

just

involved

people

walking

through lairly

shallow

canyons, usually

without

any

protective

clothirrg.

About

eight

years

ago,

however,

it really

began

to develop,

particularly

in lr-rance

and

Spain, where

everyone now

recognises

the

word.canyoning,".

D

If the thought

of sperrding

an entire day

getting

exhausted and

soaking wet

and

frightening

yoursell-

silly appeals,

the first

step

into

canyoning

is to

get

some

expert training.

Firms

such as

Espace

Evasion

will not only

guide you

through

some of Europe's

most breathlakingly

beautirul

canyons,

they'll

also

provide

you

with all thc

gear

and teach

you

all the essentiàl

roping,

abseiling

antl

descent techniques

to

get you

started. If you're

UK-bared,

however,

there are

various

organisations

that olfer the

opportunity to have

a

go

at

canyoning

and a similar activity

callcd

gorgc

walking, which

is a

drier version ol

canyoning. In neither

case

will

the

experience be

as

dramatic

or thrilling

as

you

will

lìnd

at a location

such

as

Sierra

de Guara in

spain, but at least

you'll

have a chance

to discover

that canyoning

is not for

you

-

or, more likely,

that

you

think

it's

sinrply

gorgeous.

Contenl You must include:

.

brief

information about cunent facilitìes with

reasons

why they should be extended.

.

recommendations for ways

of

extending and

improving

them, with reasons why these would

be

beneficial for all students.

.

a

conclusron supporting

your

mdin

recommendations.

I

B

but at the time

I was

just

thinking that thìs wasn't

the way my

career was meant to be

going,

2 A No,though I

nill

get

a bit

pigeonholed

as the

pretty

soap

sta6 and nine times out often when I get sent

scnpts

I can

guess

which

palt

they want me to

play

-

so I go for

that tenth one every time!

3 B

Woman: So sometimes you put

back a few

of the

'ums'

and'ers' and pauses.

Man:That's right,

4 C Woman:When

I started out,

people

had really

fìxed ideas about

what made a

good

radio voice

-

and

I

didn't have

one

-

or so

I

was told

-

and that

ld never mak--

a

radio pedormenThat's

why

I

went

into

editing.

Man:

Just

goes

to show how things have moved on,

doesn't it?

I need your

500 words by the 3fth.

but I didn't go looking for

development or

prgects

-

that wasn't my

briet

Part 2: Clumsiness

7

intelligence

8 biography

9 rivers and lakes/lakes

and

rivers.

l0 agility

I I frustrated.

l2 little

accidents

l3

(shoe/trainer)

lace

l4 motor

skills

Part 3

l5 D intuitjon

is

the essential

quaiity forthe

job

I 6 B if you

have

a

comedian, you have

to cast a

particular

type of

person

against them. And it's also about

energy:

if

one

person has quite

a low-energy

(yle,

then you

need

someone opposite them to

ge

them up

a

bit.

l7 C

lf I like

an

acton I'll meet

them, or

go

to see them

in

a

play.Then

they go

to meet the director who

makes

the

final

seleci on from

my short list.

18 C

met

someone

there who

thought ld be good

at it

l9 A We

are

all

able to

do somethrng

successlully,

and

I

think

it's

a

shame if

you

don't achieve

that

ANSWER KFY

20 C The

worst aspect ofthe

job

is that the casting stage

isastrcss{ul

tme

P*t4

2

I B

I was stuck in

a tralfìc

jam,

running late for

an

appointment

with

a

patient.

22 D But thanks

to the runaway success ofthe band l'm

rn,l've

been able

to

rndu.ge my

passion

23 H

I started after I got

fed up with

being squashed like

a

sardine

in

the tram.

24 A

My

present

car was hand-built by craftsmen. No

two were

ever exactly the same.

25 C I got into

it when I was

a starving

law student and a

car was beyond my means,

26 G but I couldn't fit

in as many home visits

without it,

27 E lYyfathers

vlewwasthat

partolthefun

of

running

old cars was

getting

them working. lt's

nice

to think

hed be

proud

of me

28 D This type

ofcycling's very invigorating.

lt's healthy

and really sets me up for dealing wìth diftìcult

situations

29

H

lwish l'd lived in

the early 20th

century

30 C ln my

job,

punctuality's

important,The

morc weight

and

power you

have, the easier

it is

to

gel free

of

the lrafiìc

Part l:

A

question

of safety

I

B

Only the answer

can be followed

by with.

2 C Only the

answer

makes full

sense

in the context.

3

B

Only the

answer can be followed by

wrth.

4 A A fixed

expression with

p/oce.

5 A The

other words dont collocate with

reosonoble

6 D The

other words

cannot be

followed by to.

7

B

Only lhe

answer completes the fixed

phrase,

8 C Only the

answer makes sense in the context.

Part 2: The hamster's

body clock

9

which/that

(relative pronoun,

intrcduces a

clause)

l0

from

(preposition,from,.,.to)

I I the (dennite

article. fixed expression)

l2 According

(linker: collocates

with

'to')

l3 when

(time

word, introduces

a clause)

l4

By (preposition,

introduces

a clause)

I 5

how

(determiner gives

the idea of degree)

I 6

lf (linker;

introduces

a conditional clause)

Part 3: lntrepid

travel

17 beaten

(verb

to adlective)

l8 flexibllity (adjective

1o noun)

I 9 nteraction (verb

to noun)

20 combination

(veò

to noun)

2 I

pleasures

(verb

1o

noun)

22 choice (verb

to noun)

23 requrrements (verò

to plural

noun)

24 unforgettable

(vert

to adjeaive)

Part 4

25 is

Leo's skill as a (inversion

with such)

26

was

at a oss

to e,p'a n tfr,ed erp,ession mean,ng

couldn't)

27 injury put paìd

to (phrasal

ved:)

28 highly likely

that the/this film will

(fìxed

expression hlgh/y

498

like/y replacing

stonds o

good

chonce)

29 let alone cook

30

get

those broken rooftiles

repalred (passive)

50 C

Part 5: All the world's

her stage

3 I B Given the limitless

opportunities available in our

5 I C

complex society,

the notion of

pursuing

one career

seems a bit

pedestrian.

52 C

32

D Antonia is

the consummate

Renaissance woman

... The key distinction

between the Renaissance

woman and the

slasher is devotion to one's

pursuits.

53 B

33 C All my collections

were always about crcating a

mood

and an atmosphere and a chamcter

34

B

She

moved

to Dublin in her mid-teens

but didn't

54

A

find the

school syllabus

particularly

absod:ing.

55

B

35

D

I very much fell rnto television, into

comedy,

36

A

charmingly childlike . .. She's happy

to

play

up this

image .. . affecting

a

girlish

blitheness

Part 6

37

A lnnovation

is indeed a hottopic

just

nowand atthis

event

it

was

thoroughly

dissected from a vanety

of

angles by some accomplished speakers.

38

B

Of

the formal

sessions, none came close to

matching the energy and originality of some of

those I heard at last years evenl, when the focus

was on disruptive technology.

39 D To my mind,there was also a bittoo much input on

the

packed programme.

l'd have apprec

ated

more

time for interacting wth the other

participants

and

Betting

to know a few people.

40 A You couldn't fault

the

refleshments,

howeven

Part 7:

Life

choices

4 I B /t refers back to Her

frst

book

42 G it didn't come os eosiiy os

the

others refers

to

you're

very eosily distrocted. lt took a long time to

frnd

my

rhythm og1in.

43 C Wisdom is about realising

what

works for you, and

she hasn't looked back. lt's as if I suddenly

saw

the

light

44 F came to specialise in banking lawThat

department

appealed because

she llked the amusing

people

there ... at the end oflhe

day

you had to go back

to

your

desk and look at those rows oI lìgures

45

E The rietorical question

leads

in

to the next

paragraph.

56D

46 A

I didn't realise

l'd lnd the law so dryl I was

incredibly

nave

to think that initial feeling would

change

Part 8:

Gorge

yourself

47

D ln neither

case will

the experience be as dramatic

orthrilÌing,..

48 D

and teach you all

the essential

rcping,

abseiling and

descent techniques

to get you started

Even though going

on mighi involve

an abseil

down

a sheer rock face

or a seemingly

interminable creep

around a ledge

barely l5 centimetres wide.

and have also equipped

the rocks with climbing

bolts, hooks

and

rings

to which vrsiting can/oneers

can

roPe uP.

particularly in Fmnce

and

Spain,

where everyone

now recognises

the word'canyoning'.

pioneering

canyoneers seeking out interesting-

looking gorges

and simply

going

for it to see if there

was

a navigable route fionì top to

bottom.

a

perforated

canyonrng backpack

designed to

let

out all the weighty water

that

accumulates

on the

way down.

a few fearless thrill-seekers in France and

Spain

canyoning basically involves

making

your

way to the

top of an

extrcmely

long

and high

gorge

and then

traversing your way

down to the bottom by the

best means possible .,,

they'll also

provide

you

with all the

gear

Part I

Question

I

(essay)

Styier

Use an essay

format

and formal language.

Paragraphs

should

be

clearly divided and

there

should be a clear introduction, and conclusion

which

gives

your

opinion.

ldeas and

points

should

be linked with connectors and linking

words and

your

argument

should

be clear

throughout,

Use the

opinions

given

to help

formulate

your

ideas.

Contenl You must discuss two

ofthe role

models

and

explain which

kind

ol

role model

is most

imPoftant

to

young people.You should

include

examples

and

evidence to

support

your ideas

Part 2

Question

2

(report)

Style:

Be formal,

using

suitable

headings for a rePort.You

can

use bullet

points

for the recommendations

section,

but

remember to use

a

range

of

language

so

don't

make them too simple, and

use connectors

to link

them to

your

reasons. lnclude

a rounding-off

5A

6A

ANSWER

KEY

203

il

sentence

which

supports

your

recommendations

and gives

evidence

for

why

your

rccommendations

should

be

adopted.

Contenti

You

cou

d

include

lnformation

on:

.

rcasons

for

the lack of

success:

the openìng

hours/noise/comfort,

etc,

.

rccommendations

-

longer

hours,

food, morc

books,

teachers

there

to

give

help,

etc.

Question

3

(review)

Style:

Be

semiformal

to informal.The

purpose

of

the

review

is to give your

opinion

and also useful

information

about the

game.You

need

to use

the

language

ol description,

explanation

and evaluation.

Use

clear paragmphs

with

an rntroduction,

description/nanative,

evaluation

and conclusion

Rememberthat

you

need to

be ciear

about how

useful you

think

it is for people

ofdiflerent

ages.

Contenr

You

must tnclude:

.

a

short

description

ofthe game.

.

an evaluation

ofhow easy

it is to

play.

.

reasons

why you

would

or would

not

recommend

it for

players

of all ages.

Question

4 (proposal)

Style:

Be formal,

as

this is a proposal.

Use a

proposal

format,

with

headings.

Divide

the

points

clearly

into paragraphs,

and ifyou

use bullet points

or

numbering,

remember

to

use a range

of language.

Baiance your

proposal

carefully

and spend more

time

on

the recommendations

and reasons

than

on

the information

about the

current situation.

Content

You

must

include:

.

brief

information

about

current

situation.

.

recommendations

for

activities

the club

could

provide

with reasons

why

these would attract

new

members

.

suggestions

for any

other

ways of

attracting

new

members,

e.g,

discount

membership.

.

a

conclusion

supporling

your

marn

recommendations.

Part

I

A

Woman:

lt's

atmospheric

music,

kind

of nostalgjc in

places,

which rs

odd

glven

that they're

really young

this

band

-

it

rcminds

me of

sort of 1970's

film noìr

-

r[

you

know what

I

mear.

Man:

I

do know

what you

mean,

but

whilst I agr.ee

that

it

creates

a certain

atmosphere

. . .

2

C

that

sort

of sultry

late

night sound

on

stage it,s

the

sort

ofthing

that

might

not

sound

the same in

broad

daylight.

ANSWER

KEY

3 B

But

striking

the balance

between functionality

and

domesticity

is

still

the key to creating

the pedect

home

oflìce

space,

4

A

The functional

trestle, whether

in wood

or

steel, is

therefore

a

must. lt prcvides

simple

support

and

allows you

to move

freely around

5 B

An

excellent

feature

ofthe city, though,

is

that

it's

not

that

good

for

shopping.

6

C you

do have

to

be carefult the

streets

are a maze

Part

2: Antarctica

7

501flfty

8

expensìve

9

l'1ac

City

l0

support

staff

I I

huts

I 2 glaciers/islands

I 3

airstrip

l4 (properly)

regulated

Part

3

l5 D

I feel

energised

by

drawing a living,

breathing

thing.

When

l'm

drawrng

down by the river I

much

preler

rt

when

there's something

going

on, a ship's

docking

or the cranes

are

moving. lt's

easier to feel

involved,

part

ofthe action.

lYy paintings

are all

about lile

and

movement

l6

A

I'm

actuallyquite

resistanttothe

ideaofmoving

into

abstract

art

17

C I

then takethem

home and work

on them

and

play

about with

them

until I

get

an

ldea

ofhow

a

finished

drawing

might

look.The

drawings

often

take

the form

of

composite

images actuaily.

C But it

was beginning

to

get

me down

because

although

it wasn't

lhat

far

away in

terms

of miles, it

was

a stressful

journey

to

get

oveT

there.

B I noticed

an easel in

an upstairs

window

in

one of

the

houses

on the

other

side of the road

where

I

ve . . . there

was

one of

those eurcka

moments,

you

know

20

C Working

there

has had

a real impact

on

my work,

I

think its got

a lot

to do with the

fact that

I can

come

in and

work in

short

bursts

-

one

ofthe

eflects

ofthat

has

been that the

work has been

developing

more quickly

and

lÌhink

the images

are

sharper

as a result.

Part

4

2l

E ln

the end,

because

l'd brought

my board

with me,

I

decided ld

better use it.

22

C I

booked

a weekend

course at the equestrian

centre because

ld

heard

that the staff there

were

really

patient

with beginners, and l'd

never ridden

before.

234

Once you're

offthe beaten track , ,.

gu des have

got

the

routes really

well worked out.

the

people

in charge got

quite

angry with them.

I think it was meant

to

be

encouraging,

but I felt

sorry for one

woman

I was amazed

to fìnd

that I was charged for dr nks

with the meal,

wher€as

my new fi^iend wasn't.

748

2sG

26 H

As it

turned out, because ofthe

way the

options

worked,

you

had to choose either activlties on

the

lake or something

on

dry land

-

you

couldn't mix

and match.

27

F Sadly. I didn't make friends with the others on the

course

-

I tried, but they didn't

seem interested,

28 E the only downside was the singing round the

campfirc before turninS in at

night

-

I

could've

done

w,Lhout that to be

horesL

29 H

I managed

to

get

to the

top ofthe cliffthat was

my

challenge without too much dilllculty.

30 B

another angler lt's

a

solltary sport, so a bit of

like-

minded company in the evening's welcome after a

day

sltting by the lake.

Part l: Expedition

health

I C Only the answer can

follow the

prepositìon

ot.

2 B Orrly the answer collocates

with

bolonce.

3

A Only the answer

fìts

the contexl

4 C Only the

answer fits the contexl.

5 A

The

answer

is the

correct

linking

phrase in

this

sentence.

6 A

The Òther

words

don't collocate with the

temptotion.

7 D ln this

context, only the answer can be followed by

from.

8 C

Ihe arswer complete.

lhe

comaon

e.p'essioò

with the ef&ct o[

Part 2:

The written word and the

camera

9

what

(determiner introduces

a

clause)

I 0

out

(preposition, part

of a

phrasal verb)

I I

one/anolher

(prcnoun)

l2 would

(modal

auxiliary, used to

express habit

in the

past)

l3

(Al)Though (linke6 sets up a contrast)

l4 Together/Along

(adverb,

part

ofa

Iìxed expression)

I 5 up

(preposition, part

ofthe

phrasal verb)

l6 into (preposition,

part

ofthe

phrasal

verb)

Part 3: Hidden

depths

I7

settlements

(verb

to

plural noun)

I 8

apparcnt

(verb

to adjective)

19

enabled

(adjective

to veò)

20 Happ

ly

(adjective

to adverb)

2 I detection

(veò

to noun)

22 analyses (noun to verb)

23

unknown (ved)

10

negative

adjective)

24

nvis

ble

(adjeciive

to negative adlective)

Part

4

25 was

prevented from playlng (active

to

passive

form)

26 did not eat while

you

are

(l'd rother

+

past

tense)

27 me rs how confidently

(cleft

sentence

+

adverbial

phrase)

28

been

a big fall

in the (verb phrase

to

noun phrase)

29

comes fairly

easily to

(adjedtival

phrase to

adverbial

phrase)

30 a combìnation of

flexbility

and

(fìxed phrase

+

abstract

noun)

Part 5: The Egg Chair

I

I A For decades,

the

unmistakable swivel-seats

have

brightened up fashionable

interiors all over

the

world

32

B Compared unl<indly by critics to a'glass

cigarbox'

33 A lt's really organic, and stems

fiom nature: it looks like

a broken shell that a little chick

has

just

run out o[

34

C the EggChairtookawhiletocatch on,and

initial

sales

were disappoinlrng.

35 B Srnce thel,

ll^e'e

h.ve

bee'

ro ...

genuire

improvements ìn what a

modern chaìr might be.

36

D We've never come across an

imitation

purporting

to be an Egg Charrthat we couldn't spot

at a

glance.

Part 6

37 B Each

meal

takes

place in a different capital and

Belmont's sparkling

prose brings each location

vividly to

ife

in a

few

brief

sentences

38 A Reproducing the actual

recipes is a brave

move

-

but

in

reality, who would

turn

to

a book of short

stories

for tips on lasagne making?

39 C which

works well in reinforcing Belmont's

underlying

message that makrng and sharing

food rs the

key

to

family relationships the world over

40 A Sadly howeve[ the main

players ìn each

ofthe

dinner-table dramas which

unfold are

curiousiy

lack ng in empathy, making

it hard for the

reader

to

turn to each successive

episode with

enthusiasm.

Part 7: Dont fear the

beaver

4l

F

Link between

their

reputotion

for

eco'destruction

and

such opposition,

and belween

doms

and

hydrologicol

eng/neering

l

42 E Link between]omes

Eyers and

he exploins

43

B Lnkbetween

castor

ftber

and

Costor

Conadensis

and

both species

and between

re-estob/ished

and

reintraduction

44 A Link

between

set uP home

and

when

they choose

large

rivers

flor

this

and between

these structures

and

learn to

live wilh

them

t8

t9

T

ANSWER KEY

+l

52

53

54

55

45 G Lrnk

between lhe

permonent

/eoks

and onother

device

46 D Link between the best

woy

to

study omphibion

populotions

and it could

be o similor

story

Part

8:

New directions

47

B My luc§

break came when a friend

managed to

get

me a cheap

advert

in

an upmarket

glossy

magazine.

48 A I

did a

bit

of discreet

networking,

asking some

business contacts if they'd

use me if I set myself up

a5

one.

49 C spent a weekend in town handing

them

(flyers)

out

and texting everyone I knew. lnitially

there wasn't

much interest

50 D

I

started up

through

necessity

-

I

was made

redundant

from my accountancy

job,

and couldn't

get

another:

5r

A I'd worked for years in marketing,

and had an MBA

degree, yet never

seemed to be in

the

running

for

a

more senior position,

which was frustrating.

I

was a complete novice in the fashion world,

I

made up some flyers on my computer:

consultant but my heart wasn't in it.

Word

spread

among

the

alternative therapy

community and I got more work

than

I

could cope

with.

It

still took me

a

year to summon

up

the

courage

to

quit

my

job

and

go for it,

description, explanation

and

evaluation. Use clear

paragraphs

with

an i ntroduction,

descri

ption,

evaluation

and conclusion.

Content

You must

include:

.

a

short description

of cinema complex.

.

an

evaluation

of

how good

or bad

it

is,

.

whether

anything needs to be done to

improve

it,

e.g, cheaper parking.

.

whether you

would recommend seerng films

there.

Question

3

(email)

Style: Be informal,

because

this

is

to a

friend.You

can

include

informal or idiomatic

language, but

rememberto

use good grammar and a range

of struclures,You

should include

appropriate

conventrons of

emails such as

greeting,

and separate

your points

into

paragraphs.

Content You

should answer

all the

questions your friend has

asked, and give

extra

detail

to

support

your ideas.

You

should include:

.

rnformation

on

the situation in

your

own town.

.

disadvantages

of huge centres, e.g. effect on

small

town centre shops.

.

comparison

with

online shopping.

Question

4

(report)

Sty/e: Be formal,

with suitable headings for

a

report.

You

can

use bullet

points

for the

problems

or

recommendations,

but use

connectors

to link them

to

your

reasons.

Remember you

should

try to use

a

range

of language.

Content You could include information on:

.

what you did

during the work experience.

.

any problems,

e.g.

not

being

given

enough

responsib;lity,

.

recommendations

for the future, e.g. shadowing

a

particular

person.

Part I

I A Man: h didn't

seem to have much

plot

really.

Woman: Not reall;z

2

A

I reckon a lot was

lost in translation, as they say

3 C He was considerate

enough to wait until the end

of

their

trip

to tell

her

4 B I was ahead

of

my

time; the market wasn't

ready

for the filtered,apple-juice products

l'd developed

and everything is

timing

in

business.

l'd completely

misread

the speed at which

the

market

for

such

drink

was growing,

5 C And it

struck a chord with me because

what

it was

saying is that, and it's

probably

obvious

but

it really

got

me

thinking

B

C

B

D

564

Part I

Questions

I

(essay)

Sty/e;

Use

an

essay format and formal

language.

Paragraphs

should be clearly divided and there

should be a clear introduqtion, and

conclusion

which gives your

opinion. ldeas and

poìnG

should

be

linked with

connectors

and linking

words and

your

argument

should

be easy to follow

throughout.

Use

the

opinions given

to

help formulate your ideas,

and make

your

own

opinion clear in the conclusion.

Content

You

must discuss two of the

ìdeas

about

the

importance

of the ar1s, and explain which one

is most important in modern society.You

should

include

examples and evidence to

supporl

your

ideas.

Parc2

Question

2 (review)

Sty/e;

Be

semi-formal

to

informal.The purpose

of the

review

is

to give your

opinion and

also

useful

information

for resìdents

about the

cinema

complex.You

need to use

the language

of

ANSWER

KEY

2 CAE Practice tests Use of English and Reading with answers (14 pages)

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2 CAE Practice tests Use of English and Reading with answers (14 pages)