lOMoARcPSD|25518217 Pakaging Concepts I. Definition: 
The Packaging refers to all those activities related to
designing, evaluating and producing the container for product. 
The wrapping material around a consumer item that serve to
contain, identify, describe, protect, display, promote and
otherwise make the product marketable and keep it clean. II.
History of Food Pakaging: 
Packaging has begun with natural materials such as leaves.
Serial production was later done with products such as
weaved materials and pots. It is estimated that glass and
wood packaging are being used for around 5000 years. In
1823 Englishman Peter Durand obtained the patent for the
first metal packaging made from sheet metal "canister”.
Double stitched three peace can begin to be used in 1900.
Paper and cardboard have become important packaging
materials in 1900s. With the invention of plastic, it started
replacing paper as a packaging material. 
General use of plastics in packaging applications has started
after World War 2. Glass packaging first begun to be used in
1500 B.C in Egypt. Glass, first seen used as a pot, was being
mixed with melted limestone, soda, sand, silicate and
shaped into glass packaging. Since ancient times metal
packaging seen in forms of gold and silver boxes as well as
strong alloys and coverings is today being used to protect
Downloaded by Van Le (mrl3v4n@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|25518217
many products. In the beginning of 14th century tinned food cans have started to be used. III. The begin of Food Pakaging:
From metal tins and glass bottles, to plastic bags and foil-lined
packets, food packaging has come a long way in its relatively short
history. We now have tens, if not hundreds, of packaging materials
and designs at our finger tips, but it wasn’t always this way. 1. Paper Packaging:
Paper is the oldest re-shapeable packaging material. Mulberry tree barks were used in China in the 1st and 2nd centuries B.C to wrap food, and paper making techniques have improved during the following 1500 years and transported to the Middle East. Paper making techniques have reached Europe and from Europe they reached England in 1310 and America in 1609. The first commercial cardboard box was produced in England in 1817, 200 years after China and corrugated
cardboard was invented in 1850s, replacing wooden boxes
in trade. The 20th century was the brightest era for paper
Downloaded by Van Le (mrl3v4n@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|25518217
and cardboard. Paper and paper bored packaging increase
its popularity well into 20th Century. 2. Metal Packaging: Ancient boxes and cups, made from silver and gold, were much too valuable for common use. Other metals, stronger alloys, thinner gauges and coatings were
eventually developed. The process of tin plating was
discovered in Bohemia in A.D. 1200 and cans of iron,
coated with tin, were known in Bavaria as early as the
14th century. However, the plating process was a closely
guarded secret until the 1600s. Thanks to the Duke of
Saxony, who stole the technique, it progressed across
Europe to France and the United Kingdom by the early
19th century. After William Underwood transferred the
process to the United States via Boston, steel replaced
iron, which improved both output and quality.
In 1764, London tobacconists began selling snuff in metal
canisters, another type of today's “rigid packaging.” But no
one was willing to use metal for food since it was
considered poisonous. The safe preservation of foods in
metal containers was finally realized in France in the early 1800s
In 1809, General Napoleon Bonaparte offered 12,000
francs to anyone who could preserve food for his army.
Nicholas Appert, a Parisian chef and confectioner, found
Downloaded by Van Le (mrl3v4n@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|25518217
that food sealed in tin containers and sterilized by boiling
could be preserved for long periods. A year later (1810),
Peter Durand of Britain received a patent for tinplate after
devising the sealed cylindrical can. 3. Plastic Pakaging: The first manmade plastic was unveiled by Alexander Parkes at the Great International Exhibition in London. This material – dubbed Parke sine – was derived from cellulose.
Yes – the first plastic was bio-based! It could be molded
when heated and retained its shape when cooled. In the
mid-1950s, Swanson TV Dinners capitalized on two post-
war trends: the popularity of time-saving devices and
fascination with the television Robert W. Vergobbi
patented zipper storage bags. Minigrip licensed them,
intending to use them as pencil bags.
The Society of the Plastics Industry introduced voluntary
resin identification coding system that provides a
consistent system for identifying plastics resins used in
packaging containers. Flexible plastic tubes for yogurt
became available, making it possible to enjoy a tasty,
calcium-rich snack on the go. Polylactic acid (PLA) made
from corn is introduced to the packaging market, bringing
back bio-based plastic to packaging. Metallyte films were
introduced to help keep sharp contents (coffee beans,
Downloaded by Van Le (mrl3v4n@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|25518217
grains, noodles, croutons) fresher by reducing packaging
tears Heinz Dip & Squeeze, the first ketchup packaging
innovation in 42 years, is a dual function package offering
two ways to enjoy ketchup: peel back the lid for easy
dipping, or tear off the tip to squeeze onto food 4. Glass Pakaging: In an article published on May 30, 2019, news provider Food Dive reported on the rebounding interest in glass as a food packaging material
following decades of focus on the development of plastics.
Correspondent Jessi Devenyns recounts the reappearance
of glass in the mid-2000s into the mainstream market.
Murray Bain from the packaging company Stanpac
attributed this “to two main factors: the environment and
new interest in small-batch, high-quality products.” Joe
Cattaneo from the trade association Glass Packaging
Institute commented that “plastic is the abomination right
now in recycling” and pointed to “glass [being] the only
packaging that the FDA [U.S. Food and Drug
Administration] has the approval of [as] GRAS (Generally
Recognized as Safe). No other product line has that category.”
Downloaded by Van Le (mrl3v4n@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|25518217 IV.
The Advantages Of Food Pakaging Nowadays: 
Keeping products fresh longer: Many food products — from
bread to cookies — stay fresher when sealed in packaging.
For example, bread becomes stale in mere minutes outside
of its packaging. Foods that are canned or vacuum-sealed
can stay fresh on a shelf for months or even years, while
they'd last only days in the refrigerator before spoiling. 
Preventing breakage and wear-and-tear: Packaging keeps
fluids like ink and perfume from evaporating. Paper becomes
discolored and glue unusable when exposed to the air, but
keeps for years in its packaging. Items that could be sold
without packaging — like stuffed animals and other toys —
are shielded from the dings and dirt they encounter during
shipping or sitting on store shelves. 
Making shipping easier: There are distinct advantages of
packaging in logistics. Items that are boxed can be stacked
and transported more easily than those that are loose. 
Variety of materials: Manufacturers can choose from paper,
cardboard, metal and many types of plastics. Metal and hard
plastics offer the most protection, but paper/cardboard can
provide additional protection inside the package and plastics
can be molded to encase products as needed.
Downloaded by Van Le (mrl3v4n@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|25518217 V.
The Disadvantage Of Food Pakaging: 
Cost increases product pricing: The more it costs to package
a product, the higher the consumer price will be, since
manufacturers must pass the cost along to the consumer or make less profit. 
Durability of some materials: Generally, the cheapest
materials are also the least durable, like paper and plastic.
One of the disadvantages of flexible packaging such as paper,
cardboard and thin plastic — like those that allow
"windows" to see the product — is that they can be crushed,
dented or torn during shipping or when handled in the store.
Hard plastics and metal will hold their shape and protect the product. 
Difficulty of recycling: Recycling is a dilemma for all
packaging. Some communities don't provide recycling; those
that do require households to follow rules such as collapsing
boxes, making sure items are clean of food debris and
leaving lids on or removing them, etc. When people don't
follow these rules, it requires manual handling of materials
which is costly and slows down the process. 
Packaging requires extra room in shipping: While square-
and rectangular-shaped boxes stack neatly and efficiently,
they do take up more room. Packaging increases the size and
weight of the product overall, so when shipping large
quantities of product, packaging raises the cost of shipping.
Downloaded by Van Le (mrl3v4n@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|25518217 
Reducing packaging affects perceptions: The push to use less
packaging — which saves cost and raw materials — also
makes consumers think they're getting less product, even
when the amounts are the same, but larger packaging was
previously used to give the appearance of greater value. VI.
The Optimistic Of Food Packaging In Future:
Now, consumers who are largely driving CPG packaging choices.
Many factors have contributed, such as increased concern for
sustainability and the explosion of e-commerce. As the retail
landscape continues to shift, food and beverage packaging will
have to accommodate changes to protect brand integrity.
Here are some of the top food and beverage packaging trends to watch in 2020:
 Sustainable Food and Beverage Packaging:
Brands are taking the concept of “Reduce, Reuse, Recycle” to
heart. Not only does it make sense in terms of their own
expenses and sustainability initiatives, but it also resonates
with consumers. Americans want to make responsible
choices in the products they buy every day, and food and
beverage packaging designed with sustainability in mind
makes an impression. While there is no single solution to
sustainability issues, packaging designers, processors,
recycling equipment owners, and communities are
approaching these issues from multiple angles.
 Post-Consumer Resins (PCRs): Post-consumer resins (PCRs)
come from consumer product packages (like water bottles
and shampoo bottles) that have been recycled. More brands
are using PCRs in their packaging, though there are
Downloaded by Van Le (mrl3v4n@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|25518217
challenges. PCR material generally has a grayish or yellowish
tint that can make it difficult for brands to match their brand
colors, but new technologies are being invented to address
this. Research has demonstrated that the use of PCR can
significantly reduce carbon footprint compared to the
creation of virgin plastics. Furthermore, the use of PCRs can
help keep microplastics out of the ecosystem. E-commerce
Packaging: A 2019 Coresight Research survey reported that
nearly 37 percent of U.S. consumers bought groceries online
in the preceding 12 months, up from 23.1 percent the year
before. When the point of sale occurs on a digital device, the
packaging and delivery processes become more complex. A
package on the retail shelf may have been handled a dozen
times before someone takes it home. By contrast, up to 30
touches may happen before an e-commerce item reaches
the consumer. Therefore, food and beverage packaging must
increasingly meet the demands of e-commerce in terms of
product protection while still attending to aesthetics,
convenience, and consumer demands for sustainability.
 Interactive Packaging: Interactive packaging has been around
for a while, but new technological refinements are being
added frequently. For example, augmented reality has
entered the picture, with packaging that offers games and
other experiences that appeal to consumers. While Baby
Boomers and members of Generation X have been lukewarm
toward interactive packaging, Millennials and their younger
cohorts are expected to embrace it more enthusiastically.
From 2016 to 2019, year-over-year growth in interactive
packaging has been an astonishing 120 percent according to
Downloaded by Van Le (mrl3v4n@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|25518217
a study by mass serialization company Kezzler. Food and
beverage packaging design will never be simple. Recent
technological advances, combined with consumer demand
for sustainability, have only added to the complexity of
developing packaging that meets consumer needs and
wants. The good news is that packaging manufacturing is
becoming increasingly advanced, making it easier for food
and beverage brands to find packaging options that work for
them while maintaining consumer loyalty. PKG Brand Design
is always on the forefront of new CPG branding and
packaging initiatives; please subscribe to our blog for the
latest package design industry news!
Downloaded by Van Le (mrl3v4n@gmail.com)