Bài tập phương pháp tọa độ trong mặt phẳng – Diệp Tuân

Tài liệu gồm 207 trang, được biên soạn bởi thầy giáo Diệp Tuân, phân dạng và tuyển chọn các bài tập trắc nghiệm – tự luận chuyên đề phương pháp tọa độ trong mặt phẳng (Oxy), từ cơ bản đến nâng cao, giúp học sinh rèn luyện khi học chương trình Hình học 10 chương 3.

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Bài tập phương pháp tọa độ trong mặt phẳng – Diệp Tuân

Tài liệu gồm 207 trang, được biên soạn bởi thầy giáo Diệp Tuân, phân dạng và tuyển chọn các bài tập trắc nghiệm – tự luận chuyên đề phương pháp tọa độ trong mặt phẳng (Oxy), từ cơ bản đến nâng cao, giúp học sinh rèn luyện khi học chương trình Hình học 10 chương 3.

88 44 lượt tải Tải xuống
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1
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PHƯƠNG PHÁP TỌA ĐỘ TRONG KHÔNG GIAN
3
A . LÝ THUYT.
I. Vec pháp tuyến c tơ ch phương.
1. Véc pháp tuyến:
a. Định nghĩa : Cho đường thng
.
Vectơ
gi là
vectơ pháp tuyến
(VTPT) ca
nếu giá ca
n
vuông góc vi
.
b. Nhnt : Nếu
n
là VTPT ca
thì
0kn k
cũng là VTPT của
.
Ví d 1. Cho tam giác
có đường cao
AH
, đường trung trc
của đoạn
BC
(
I
là trung
đim ca
BC
),
,MN
lần lượt là trung điểm của đoạn
,AB AC
. Tìm véc tơ pháp tuyến của đường
thng:
a).
BC
. b).
AH
. c).
. d).
MN
.
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2. Vectơ chỉ phương.
a. Định nghĩa : Cho đường thng
.
Vectơ
gi là
vectơ chỉ phương
(VTCP) ca
nếu giá ca
u
song song hoc trùng vi
.
b. Nhn xét. Nếu
u
là VTCP ca
thì
0ku k
cũng là VTCP của
.
3. Mi quan h gia vec chỉ phương
u
vécpháp tuyến
n
:
Vì VTPT và VTCP vuông góc vi nhau nên ta có hai nhn xét sau:
Nếu
có VTCP
( ; )u a b
thì
( ; )n b a
là mt VTPT ca
.
Nếu
có VTPT
( ; )n A B
thì
( ; )u B A
là mt VTCP ca
.
Nếu
có VTCP
( ; )u a b
thì
b
k
a
là h s góc ca
.
Nếu
có h s góc
k
thì VTCP là
(1; )uk
ca
.
d 2. Trong mt phng tọa độ
,Oxy
cho hai điểm
1;3 , 2;4AB
. Tìm véc chỉ phương
của đường thng
AB
.
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n
u
u
u
n
§ BI 1. PHƯƠNG TRÌNH CA ĐƯNG THNG
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II. Phương trình của đưng thng.
1. Phương trình tổng qt
.
Cho đường thng
đi qua
00
( ; )M x y
và có VTPT
( ; )n A B
,
vi
22
0.AB
Khi đó:
00
( ; )M x y
00
( ) ( ) 0A x x B y y
00
0 ( )Ax By C C Ax By
1
1
gi là
phương trình tổng quát
của đường thng
.
Nhận xét : Nếu đường thẳng
:
0Ax By C
thì
( ; )n A B
là VTPT của
.
Ví d 3. Cho tam giác
ABC
biết
2;0 , 0;4 , (1;3)A B C
. Viết phương trình tổng quát ca
a). Đưng cao
AH
.
b). Đưng trung trc của đoạn thng
BC
.
c). Đưng thng
AB
.
d). Đưng thng qua
C
và song song với đường thng
AB
.
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Một số dạng đặc biệt của pơng trình tổng quát.
song song hoc trùng vi trc
: 0.Ox by c
song song hoc trùng vi trc
: 0.Oy ax c
đi qua gốc tọa độ
: 0.ax by
Phương trình đường thng có h s góc
k
y kx m
vi
tank
,
là góc hp bi tia
Mt
ca
phía trên trc
Ox
và tia
.Mx
(
x
o
;
y
0
)
=
(
A;B )
n
M
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Ví d 4. Cho đường thng
: 2 3 0d x y
và điểm
1;2M
.
Viết phương trình tổng quát của đường thng
biết:
a).
đi qua điểm
M
và có h s góc
3.k
b).
đi qua
M
và vuông góc với đường thng
.d
c).
đối xng với đường thng
d
qua
.M
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2. Phương trình tham số và chính tc
.
a. Phương trình tham s của đường thng:
Cho đường thng
đi qua
0 0 0
( ; )M x y
( ; )u a b
là VTCP.
Khi đó
( ; )M x y 
0
0
0
MM t
tx x a
tR
y y b
u
t


.
2
H
2
gi là
phương trình tham số
của đường thng
,
t
gi là tham s.
Nhận xét : Nếu
có phương trình tham số là
2
khi đó
00
( ; ).A A x at y bt
b. Phương trình chính tắc của đường thng.
Cho đường thng
đi qua
0 0 0
( ; )M x y
( ; )u a b
(vi
0, 0ab
) vectơ chỉ phương thì
phương trình
00
x x y y
ab

3
đưc gọi là phương trình chính tắc của đường thng
.
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Ví d 5. Cho điểm
1; 3A
2;3B
. Viết phương trình tham số của đường thng trong
mỗi trường hp sau:
a).
đi qua
A
và nhận vectơ
1;2n
làm vectơ pháp tuyến.
b).
đi qua gốc tọa độ và song song với đường thng
.AB
c).
là đường trung trc của đoạn thng
.AB
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d 6. Viết phương trình tổng quát, tham s, chính tc (nếu có) của đường thng trong
mỗi trường hp sau:
a). đi qua điểm
3;0A
1;3 .B
b). đi qua
3;4N
và vuông góc với đường thng
13
':
45
xt
d
yt


.
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3. Phương trình đoạn chn
.
đi qua hai điểm
;0 , 0; : 1
xy
A a B b
ab
vi
0ab
Ví d 7. Lập phương trình tổng quát của đường thẳng
:
a). qua
2;0A
0;3 .B
b). qua
5; 8M 
và có hệ số góc
3.k 
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Ví d 8. Một đường thẳng đi qua điểm
5; 3M
cắt trục
Ox
Oy
tại
A
B
sao cho
M
trung điểm của
AB
. Viết phương trình tổng quát của đường thẳng đó.
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Ví d 9. Trong mặt phẳng hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, viết phương trình đường thẳng
d
đi qua
4;1M
và cắt chiều dương các trục
Ox
,
Oy
lần lượt tại
A
B
sao cho
OA OB
nhỏ nhất.
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x
y
(
0;b
)
(
a;0
)
B
O
1
A
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d 10. Cho điểm
1;4M
. Viết phương trình đường thng qua M lần lượt ct hai tia
Ox
,
tia
Oy
ti A và B sao cho tam giác
OAB
có din tích nh nht .
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B. CÁC DNG TOÁN VÀ PƠNG PHÁP GIẢI.
DNG 1. Lập phương trình tổng quát của đường thng
.
1. Phương pháp.
Để viết phương trình tổng quát của đường thng
ta cần xác định hai yếu t:
Một đim
00
( ; ) .M x y 
Một vectơ pháp tuyến
22
; , 0.n A B A B
ca
.
Khi đó phương trình tổng quát ca
00
0a x x b y y
Nhn xét:
Đưng thng
có phương trình tổng quát là
22
0, 0Ax By C A B
nhn
;n A B
làm vectơ pháp tuyến.
Nếu hai đường thng song song với nhau thì VTPT đường thẳng này cũng là VTPT của
đưng thng kia.
0
xx
: nếu đường thng song song vi trc
Oy
.
0
yy
: nếu đường thng song song vi trc
Ox
.
(
x
o
;
y
0
)
=
(
A;B )
n
M
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2. Bài tp minh ha.
Bài tp 1. Cho tam giác
ABC
biết
2;1 , 1;0 , (0;3)A B C
.
a). Viết phương trình tổng quát của đường cao
AH
;
b). Viết phương trình tổng quát đường trung trực của đoạn thẳng
AB
;
c). Viết phương trình tổng quát đường thẳng
BC
;
d). Viết phương trình tổng quát đường thẳng qua
A
và song song với đường
BC
.
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Bài tp 2. Lập phương trình tổng quát của đường thẳng:
a). qua
2;0A
0;3 .B
b). qua
5; 8M 
và có hệ số góc
3.k 
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Bài tp 3. Viết phương trình tổng quát của đường thẳng
d
a). Qua
1; 4M 
và song song với đường thẳng
3 5 2 0.xy
b). Qua
1;1N
và vuông góc với đường thẳng
2 3 7 0.xy
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Bài tp 4. Cho hai điểm
4;0P
0; 2Q
. Viết phương trình tổng quát của đưởng thẳng
a). Qua điểm
S
và song song với đường thẳng
PQ
.
b). Trung trực của
PQ
.
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Bài tp 5. Viết phương trình các đường trung trực của tam giác
biết
1;1 , 1;9MN
, 9;1P
là các trung điểm của ba cạnh tam giác
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Bài tp 6. Viết phương trình đường thẳng đi qua
2;5M
và cách đều hai điểm
1;2 ,P
5;4Q
.
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Bài tp 7. Đường thẳng
:2 8 0d x y
cắt các trục
Ox
Oy
lần lượt tại các điểm
A
B
.
Gọi
M
là điểm chia đoạn
AB
theo tì số
3
. Viết phương trình đường thẳng đi qua
M
và vuông
góc với
d
Li gii
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Bài tp 8. Cho đường thẳng
12
:2 2 0; : 3 0d x y d x y
điểm
3;0M
. Viết phương
trình đường thẳng
đi qua
,M
cắt
1
d
2
d
lần lượt tại điểm
A
B
sao cho
M
trung
điểm của đoạn thẳng
AB
Li gii
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Bài tp 9. Cho đường thẳng
: 2 3 0d x y
điểm
1;2M
. Viết phương trình tổng quát
của đường thẳng
biết
đối xứng với đường thẳng
d
qua
M
Li gii
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3. Bài tp luyn tp.
Bài 1. Cho điểm
1; 3A
. Viết phương trình tổng quát của đường thng
đi qua
A
a). Vuông góc vi trc tung.
b). Song song với đường thng
: 2 3 0.d x y
Li gii
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Bài 2. Viết phương trình tổng quátcủa đường thng trong mỗi trường hp sau:
a). đi qua điểm
2;5M
và song song với đường thng
:4 7 3 0d x y
b). đi qua
2; 5P
và có h s góc
11k
.
Li gii
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Bài 3. Cho
8;6M
. Viết phương trình đường thng qua
M
ct chiều dương hai trục to độ
ti
,AB
sao cho
OA OB
đạt giá tr nh nht.
Li gii
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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4. Câu hi trc nghim.
u 1. Vectơ nào dưới đây là một vectơ chỉ phương của đường thẳng song song với trục
?Ox
A.
1
1;0u
. B.
2
0; 1 .u 
C.
3
1;1 .u 
D.
4
1;1 .u
Li gii.
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u 2. Vectơ nào dưới đây là một vectơ chỉ phương của đường thẳng song song với trục
?Oy
A.
1
1; 1 .u
B.
2
0;1 .u
C.
3
.1;0u
D.
4
.1;1u
Li gii.
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u 3. Vectơ nào dưới đây một vectơ chỉ phương của đường thẳng đi qua hai điểm
3;2A
?1;4B
A.
1
1;2 .u
B.
2
.2;1u
C.
3
2;6 .u
D.
4
1;1 .u
Li gii.
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u 4. Vectơ nào dưới đây một vectơ chỉ phương của đường thẳng đi qua gốc tọa độ
0;0O
và điểm
;?M a b
A.
1
0; .u a b
B.
2
;.u a b
C.
3
;.u a b
D.
4
;.u a b
Li gii.
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u 5. Vectơ nào dưới đây là một vectơ chỉ phương của đường thẳng đi qua
;0Aa
?0;Bb
A.
1
; bu a
. B.
2
;bu a
. C.
3
;au b
. D.
4
;au b
.
Li gii.
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u 6. Vectơ nào dưới đây là một vectơ chỉ phương của đường phân giác góc phần tư thứ nhất?
A.
1
.1;1u
B.
2
0; 1 .u
C.
3
.1;0u
D.
4
1;1 .u
Li gii.
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u 7. Vectơ nào dưới đây là một vectơ pháp tuyến của đường thẳng song song với trục
?Ox
A.
1
.0;1n
B.
2
.1;0n
C.
3
1;0 .n
D.
4
.1;1n
Li gii.
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u 8. Vectơ nào dưới đây là một vectơ pháp tuyến của đường thẳng song song với trục
?Oy
A.
1
1;1 .n
B.
2
.0;1n
C.
3
1;1 .n
D.
4
.1;0n
Li gii.
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u 9. Vectơ nào dưới đây là một vectơ pháp tuyến của đường thẳng đi qua hai điểm
2;3A
4;1 ?B
A.
1
.2; 2n 
B.
2
2; 1 .n 
C.
3
.1;1n
D.
4
1; 2 .n 
Li gii.
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u 10. Vectơ nào dưới đây là một vectơ pháp tuyến của đường thẳng đi qua gốc tọa độ và điểm
; ?A a b
A.
1
;.n ab
B.
2
.1;0n
C.
3
;.n ba
D.
4
.;n ab
Li gii.
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u 11. Vectơ nào dưới đây là một vectơ pháp tuyến của đường thẳng đi qua hai điểm phân biệt
;0Aa
0; ?Bb
A.
1
;.ban
B.
2
.;n ba
C.
3
;.n ba
D.
4
.;n ab
Li gii.
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u 12. Vectơ nào dưới đây là một vectơ pháp tuyến của đường phân giác góc phần tư thứ hai?
A.
1
.1;1n
B.
2
0;1 .n
C.
3
.1;0n
D.
4
1;1 .n
Li gii.
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u 13. Đường thẳng
d
một vectơ chỉ phương
2; 1u 
. Trong các vectơ sau, vectơ nào
là một vectơ pháp tuyến của
d
?
A.
1
.1;2n
B.
2
1; 2 .n
C.
3
.3;6n
D.
4
3;6 .n
Li gii.
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u 14. Đường thẳng
d
có một vectơ pháp tuyến
4; 2n 
. Trong các vectơ sau, vectơ nào
là một vectơ chỉ phương của
d
?
A.
1
.2; 4u
B.
2
2;4 .u
C.
3
.1;2u
D.
4
2;1 .u
Li gii.
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u 15. Đường thẳng
d
một vectơ chỉ phương
3; 4u 
. Đường thẳng
vuông góc với
d
có một vectơ pháp tuyến là:
A.
1
.4;3n
B.
2
4; 3 .n 
C.
3
.3;4n
D.
4
3; 4 .n
Li gii.
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u 16. Đường thẳng
d
một vectơ pháp tuyến là
2; 5n
. Đường thẳng
vuông góc với
d
có một vectơ chỉ phương là:
A.
1
.5; 2u
B.
2
5;2 .u
C.
3
.2;5u
D.
4
2; 5 .u
Li gii.
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u 17. Đường thẳng
d
một vectơ chỉ phương
3; 4u 
. Đường thẳng
song song với
d
có một vectơ pháp tuyến là:
A.
1
.4;3n
B.
2
4;3 .n
C.
3
.3;4n
D.
4
3; 4 .n
Li gii.
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u 18. Đường thẳng
d
một vectơ pháp tuyến
2; 5n
. Đường thẳng
song song với
d
có một vectơ chỉ phương là:
A.
1
.5; 2u
B.
2
5; 2 .u 
C.
3
.2;5u
D.
4
2; 5 .u
Li gii.
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u 19. Một đường thẳng có bao nhiêu vectơ chỉ phương?
A.
1
. B.
2
. C.
4
. D. Vô số.
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Li gii.
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u 20. Đường thẳng
d
đi qua điểm
0; 2M
và có vectơ chỉ phương
3;0u
có phương
trình tham số là:
A.
32
:
0
xt
d
y

. B.
0
:
23
x
d
yt
. C.
3
:
2
x
d
yt

. D.
3
:
2
xt
d
y

.
Li gii.
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Câu 21. Vectơ nàoới đây là một vectơ ch phương của đường thẳng
2
:
16
x
d
yt
?
A.
1
6;0u
. B.
2
6;0u 
. C.
3
2;6u
. D.
4
0;1u
.
Li gii.
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Câu 22. Vectơ o ới đây là một vectơ chphương của đường thẳng
1
5
:
2
33
xt
yt

?
A.
1
1;6 .u 
B.
2
1
;3
2
u


. C.
3
5; 3u 
. D.
4
5;3u 
.
Li gii.
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u 23. Một đường thẳng có bao nhiêu vectơ pháp tuyến?
A. 1. B. 2. C. 4. D. Vô số.
Li gii.
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u 24. Vectơ nào dưới đây là một vectơ pháp tuyến của
: 2 2017 0d x y
?
A.
1
0; 2n 
. B.
2
1; 2n 
. C.
3
2;0n 
. D.
4
2;1n
.
Li gii.
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u 25. Vectơ nào dưới đây là một vectơ pháp tuyến của
: 3 2017 0d x y
?
A.
1
3;0n 
. B.
2
3; 1n
. C.
3
6;2n
. D.
4
6; 2n 
.
Li gii.
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u 26. Vectơ nào dưới đây là một vectơ pháp tuyến của
12
:?
3
xt
d
yt

A.
1
2; 1n 
. B.
2
1;2n 
. C.
3
1; 2n 
. D.
4
1;2n
.
Li gii.
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u 27. Vectơ nào dưới đây là một vectơ chỉ phương của
:2 3 2018 0?d x y
A.
1
3; 2u
. B.
2
2;3u
. C.
3
3;2u 
. D.
4
2; 3u 
.
Li gii.
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u 28. Đường trung trực của đoạn thẳng
AB
với
3;2A 
,
3;3B 
có một vectơ pháp
tuyến là:
A.
1
6;5n
. B.
2
0;1n
. C.
3
3;5n 
. D.
4
1;0n 
.
Li gii.
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u 29. Cho đường thẳng
: 3 2 0xy
. Vectơ nào sau đây không phải là vectơ pháp tuyến
của
?
A.
1
1; –3n
. B.
2
–2;6n
. C.
3
1
;1
3
n



. D.
4
3;1n
.
Li gii.
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u 30. Đường thẳng
d
đi qua điểm
1; 2A
và có vectơ pháp tuyến
2;4n 
có phương
trình tổng quát là:
A.
: 2 4 0.d x y
B.
: 2 5 0.d x y
C.
: 2 4 0.d x y
D.
: 2 4 0.d x y
Li gii.
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u 31. Đường thẳng
d
đi qua điểm
0; 2M
và có vectơ chỉ phương
3;0u
có phương
trình tổng quát là:
A.
: 0.dx
B.
: 2 0.dy
C.
: 2 0.dy
D.
: 2 0.dx
Li gii.
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u 32. Phương trình nào sau đây là phương trình tổng quát của đường thẳng
35
:
14
xt
d
yt


?
A.
4 5 17 0xy
. B.
4 5 17 0xy
. C.
4 5 17 0xy
. D.
4 5 17 0xy
.
Li gii.
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u 33. Phương trình nào sau đây là phương trình tổng quát của đường thẳng
15
:
67
x
d
yt

?
A.
15 0x 
. B.
15 0x 
. C.
6 15 0xy
. D.
90xy
.
Li gii.
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u 34. Cho đường thẳng
:3 5 2018 0d x y
. Tìm mệnh đề sai trong các mệnh đề sau:
A.
d
có vectơ pháp tuyến
3;5n
. B.
d
có vectơ chỉ phương
5; 3u 
.
C.
d
có hệ số góc
5
3
k
. D.
d
song song với đường thẳng
:3 5 0xy
.
Li gii.
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u 35. Đường thẳng
d
đi qua điểm
1;2M
song song với đường thẳng
:2 3 12 0xy
có phương trình tổng quát là:
A.
2 3 8 0xy
. B.
2 3 8 0xy
. C.
4 6 1 0xy
. D.
4 3 8 0xy
.
Li gii.
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u 36. Phương trình tổng quát của đường thẳng
d
đi qua
O
và song song với đường thẳng
:6 4 1 0xx
là:
A.
3 2 0.xy
B.
4 6 0.xy
C.
3 12 1 0.xy
D.
6 4 1 0.xy
Li gii.
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u 37. Đường thẳng
d
đi qua điểm
1;2M
và vuông góc với đường thẳng
:2 3 0xy
có phương trình tổng quát là:
A.
20xy
. B.
2 3 0xy
. C.
10xy
. D.
2 5 0xy
.
Li gii.
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u 38. Viết phương trình đường thẳng
đi qua điểm
4; 3A
và song song với đường thẳng
32
:
13
xt
d
yt


.
A.
3 2 6 0xy
. B.
2 3 17 0xy
. C.
3 2 6 0xy
. D.
3 2 6 0xy
.
Li gii.
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u 39. Cho tam giác
2;0 , 0;3 , 3;1A B C
. Đường thẳng
d
đi qua
B
và song song
với
AC
có phương trình tổng quát là:
A.
5 3 0xy
. B.
5 3 0xy
. C.
5 15 0xy
. D.
15 15 0xy
.
Li gii.
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u 40. Viết phương trình tổng quát của đường thẳng
d
đi qua điểm
1;0M
và vuông góc với
đường thẳng
:.
2
xt
yt

A.
2 2 0xy
. B.
2 2 0xy
. C.
2 1 0xy
. D.
2 1 0xy
.
Li gii.
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u 41. Viết phương trình tổng quát của đường thẳng
d
đi qua điểm
2; 5M 
và song song
với đường phân giác góc phần tư thứ nhất.
A.
30xy
. B.
30xy
. C.
30xy
. D.
2 1 0xy
.
Li gii.
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u 42. Viết phương trình tổng quát của đường thẳng
d
đi qua điểm
3; 1M
và vuông góc với
đường phân giác góc phần tư thứ hai.
A.
40xy
. B.
40xy
. C.
40xy
. D.
40xy
.
Li gii.
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u 43. Viết phương trình tổng quát của đường thẳng
d
đi qua điểm
1;2M
và song song với
trục
Ox
.
A.
20y 
. B.
10x 
. C.
10x 
. D.
20y 
.
Li gii.
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Câu 44. Pơng trình tổng qt của đưng thẳng đi qua hai điểm
3; 1A
và
1;5B
là:
A.
3 6 0.xy
B.
3 10 0.xy
C.
3 6 0.xy
D.
3 8 0.xy
Li gii.
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u 45. Phương trình đường thẳng cắt hai trục tọa độ tại
–2;0A
0;3B
là:
A.
2 3 4 0xy
. B.
3 2 6 0xy
. C.
3 2 6 0xy
. D.
2 3 4 0xy
Li gii.
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Câu 46. Pơng trình tổng qt của đưng thẳng đi qua hai điểm
2; 1A
và
2;5B
là:
A.
1 0.xy
B.
2 7 9 0.xy
C.
2 0.x 
D.
2 0.x 
Li gii.
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u 47. Phương trình tổng quát của đường thẳng đi qua hai điểm
3; 7A
1; 7B
là:
A.
7 0.y 
B.
7 0.y 
C.
4 0.xy
D.
6 0.xy
Li gii.
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u 48. Cho tam giác
1;1 , 0; 2 , 4 .() ;2A B C
Lập phương trình đường trung tuyến
của tam giác
kẻ từ
.A
A.
2 0.xy
B.
2 3 0.xy
C.
2 3 0.xy
D.
0.xy
Li gii.
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u 49. Đường trung trực của đoạn
AB
với
1; 4A
5;2B
có phương trình là:
A.
2 3 3 0.xy
B.
3 2 1 0.xy
C.
3 4 0.xy
D.
1 0.xy
Li gii.
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u 50. Đường trung trực của đoạn
AB
với
4; 1A
1; 4B
có phương trình là:
A.
1.xy
B.
0.xy
C.
0.yx
D.
1.xy
Li gii.
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u 51. Đường trung trực của đoạn
AB
với
1; 4A
1;2B
có phương trình là:
A.
1 0.y 
B.
1 0.x 
C.
1 0.y 
D.
4 0.xy
Li gii.
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u 52. Đường trung trực của đoạn
AB
với
1; 4A
3; 4B
có phương trình là :
A.
4 0.y 
B.
2 0.xy
C.
2 0.x 
D.
4 0.y 
Li gii.
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u 53. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho tam giác
2; 1 , 4;5AB
3;2C
. Lập phương trình đường cao của tam giác
kẻ từ
.A
A.
7 3 11 0.xy
B.
3 7 13 0.xy
C.
3 7 1 0.xy
D.
7 3 13 0.xy
Li gii.
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u 54. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ
Oxy
, cho tam giác
2; 1 , 4;5AB
3;2 .C
Lập phương trình đường cao của tam giác
kẻ từ
.B
A.
3 5 13 0.xy
B.
3 5 20 0.xy
C.
3 5 37 0.xy
D.
5 3 5 0.xy
Li gii.
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u 55. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ
Oxy
, cho tam giác
2; 1 , 4;5AB
3;2 .C
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Lập phương trình đường cao của tam giác
kẻ từ
.C
A.
1 0.xy
B.
3 3 0.xy
C.
3 11 0.xy
D.
3 11 0.xy
Li gii.
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DNG 2. Lập phương trình tham số, chính tc ca đường thng
.
1. Phương pháp.
Để viết phương trình tham s, chính tc của đường thng
ta cần xác định hai yếu t:
Một đim
00
( ; ) .M x y 
Một vectơ chỉ phương
;u a b
ca
Khi đó phương trình tham số ca
0
,.
o
x x at
t
y y bt


Suy ra phương trình chính tắc của đường thng
00
x x y y
ab

Đặc bit:
Tng hp
0ab
thì đường thẳng không có phương trình chính tắc.
d
qua
,AB
thì có VTCP
;
B A B A
u x x y y
.
' : 0d d ax by c
thì VTCP
' ; 3;4u a b N
.
''/ / : 0d d ax by c
thì VTCP
'' ;u b a
hay
;ba
.
d
có hệ số góc
'k
thì VTCP
1;uk
.
2. Bài tp minh ha.
Bài tp 10.
a). Lập phương trình tham số của đường thẳng
d
đi qua điểm
2;1M
và có VTCP
3;7u
.
b). Lập phương trình tham số của đường thẳng
d
đi qua điểm và có VTPT
4; 3n 
.
Li gii
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u
(
x
o
;
y
0
)
u
A
B
M
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Bài tp 11. Lập phương trình tham số của đường thẳng
:d
a). Đi qua điểm
5;1M
và có hệ số góc
8k
.
b). Đi qua hai điểm
3;4A
4;2B
.
Li gii
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Bài tp 12. Viết phương trình tham số của đường thẳng:
a).
2 3 6 0.xy
b).
4 5.yx
Li gii
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Bài tp 13. Viết phương trình tham số của đường thẳng:
a).
: 3.dx
b).
21
:.
53
xy
d

Li gii
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Bài tp 14. Lập phương trình chính tắc của đường thẳng
a). qua
4;1A
1;4B
. b). qua
4;1A
4;2B
Li gii
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Bài tp 15. Cho điểm
5;2A
đường thẳng
23
:
12
xy
d

. Lập phương trình chính tắc
của đường thẳng
a). qua
A
và song song với
.d
b). qua
A
và vuông góc với
d
.
Li gii
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Bài tp 16. Cho tam giác
ABC
2;1 , 2;3AB
1; 5C
.
a). Viết phương trình đường thng cha cnh
BC
ca tam giác.
b). Viết phương trình đường thng chứa đường trung tuyến
AM
.
c). Viết phương trình đường thẳng đi qua hai đim
,DG
vi
D
chân đường phân giác
trong góc
A
G
là trng tâm ca
ABC
.
Li gii
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3. Bài tp luyn tp.
Bài 4. Cho điểm
2; 2A
0;1B
. Viết phương trình tham s của đường thng trong mi
trường hp sau:
a).
đi qua
A
và nhận vectơ
1;2u
làm vectơ chỉ phương.
b).
đi qua
1;2M
và nhận vectơ
4;2n
làm vectơ pháp tuyến.
c).
đi qua
1;1C
và song song với đường thng
.AB
d).
Ox
là đường trung trc của đoạn thng
.AB
Li gii
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Bài 5. Viết phương trình tổng quát, tham s, chính tc (nếu có) của đưng thng trong mi
trường hp sau:
a). đi qua điểm
3;0A
1;0 .B
b). đi qua
1;2M
và vuông góc với đường thng
: 3 1 0d x y
.
c). đi qua gốc tọa độ và song song với đường thng
13
:
2
xt
yt

.
Li gii
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Bài 6. Cho tam giác
1;0F
2; 1 , 2; 3AB
1;5C
.
a). Viết phương trình đường thng cha cnh ca tam giác.
b). Viết phương trình đường thng chứa đường trung tuyến
AM
.
c). Viết phương trình đường thẳng đi qua trung điểm
AB
và trng tâm ca tam giác
Li gii
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Bài 7. Cho tam giác
biết
1;4 , 3; 1AB
6; 2C
.
a). Viết phương trình đường thng cha các cnh
AB
.
b). Viết phương trình đường cao
AH
.
c). Viết phương trình đường trung tuyến của tam giác đó
AM
.
d). Viết phương trình đường trung trc cnh
BC
.
e). Viết phương trình đường thẳng đi qua trọng tâm ca tam giác và song song vi trc
hoành.
f). Viết phương trình đường thẳng đi qua trung điểm
BC
và vuông góc vi trc tung.
g). Viết phương trình đường thẳng đi qua
A
và to vi hai trc tọa độ một tam giác cân đỉnh
là gc tọa độ.
h). Đưng thng qua
C
và chia tam giác thành hai phn , phn chứa điểm
A
có din tích gp
đối phn chứa điểm
B
.
Li gii
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Bài 8. Viết phương trình đường thng qua
3;2M
và ct tia
Ox
ti
A
, tia
Oy
ti
B
sao cho :
a).
12OA OB
b). Din tích tam giác
OAB
bng 12
Li gii
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4. Câu hi trc nghim.
u 56. Đường thẳng
d
đi qua điểm
1; 2M
và có vectơ chỉ phương
3;5u
có phương trình
tham số là:
A.
3
:
52
xt
d
yt


. B.
13
:
25
xt
d
yt

. C.
15
:
23
xt
d
yt

. D.
32
:
5
xt
d
yt


.
Li gii.
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u 57. Đường thẳng
d
đi qua gốc tọa độ
O
và có vectơ chỉ phương
1;2u 
có phương trình
tham số là:
A.
1
:
2
x
d
y

. B.
2
:
xt
d
yt
. C.
:
2
xt
d
yt

. D.
2
:
xt
d
yt

.
Li gii.
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u 58. Đường thẳng
d
đi qua điểm
4;5A
và có vectơ pháp tuyến
3;2n
có phương trình
tham số là:
A.
42
53
xt
yt

. B.
2
13
xt
yt


. C.
12
3
xt
yt

. D.
52
43
xt
yt

.
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Li gii.
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u 59. Phương trình nào sau đây là phương trình tham số của đường thẳng
: 3 0d x y
?
A.
.
3
xt
yt

B.
.
3
xt
yt

C.
3
.
x
yt
D.
2
.
1
xt
yt


Li gii.
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u 60. Phương trình nào sau đây là phương trình tham số của đường thẳng
:3 2 6 0?d x y
A.
3
.
23
xt
yt

B.
.
3
3
2
xt
yt

C.
.
3
3
2
xt
yt
D.
2
.
3
3
2
xt
yt

Li gii.
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u 61. Viết phương trình tham số của đường thẳng đi qua hai điểm
2; 1A
2;5B
.
A.
2
.
16
x
yt
B.
2
.
6
xt
yt

C.
2
.
56
xt
yt


D.
1
.
26
x
yt

Li gii.
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u 62. Viết phương trình tham số của đường thẳng đi qua hai điểm
–1;3A
3;1B
.
A.
12
3
xt
yt

. B.
12
3
xt
yt

. C.
32
1
xt
yt

. D.
12
3
xt
yt

.
Li gii.
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u 63. Đường thẳng đi qua hai điểm
1;1A
2;2B
phương trình tham số :
A.
1
.
22
xt
yt


B.
1
.
12
xt
yt


C.
22
.
1
xt
yt


D.
.
xt
yt
Li gii.
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u 64. Đường thẳng đi qua hai điểm
3; 7A
1; 7B
phương trình tham số :
A.
7
xt
y

. B.
7
xt
yt
. C.
3
17
xt
yt


. D.
7
xt
y
.
Li gii.
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u 65. Phương trình nào dưới đây không phải là phương trình tham số của đường thẳng đi qua
hai điểm
0;0O
1; 3M
?
A.
1
3
xt
yt

. B.
1
33
xt
yt

. C.
12
36
xt
yt

. D.
3
xt
yt

.
Li gii.
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u 66. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho ba điểm
2;0A
¸
0;3B
3; 1C 
.
Đường thẳng đi qua điểm
B
và song song với
AC
có phương trình tham số là:
A.
5
.
3
xt
yt

B.
5
.
13
x
yt

C.
.
35
xt
yt

D.
35
.
xt
yt

Li gii.
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u 67. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho ba điểm
3;2A
¸
4;0P
0; 2Q
.
Đường thẳng đi qua điểm
A
và song song với
PQ
có phương trình tham số là:
A.
34
.
22
xt
yt


B.
32
.
2
xt
yt


C.
12
.
xt
yt
D.
12
.
2
xt
yt
Li gii.
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u 68. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho hình bình hành
ABCD
có đỉnh
–2;1A
phương trình đường thẳng chứa cạnh
CD
14
3
xt
yt

. Viết phương trình tham số của đường
thẳng chứa cạnh
AB
.
A.
23
22
xt
yt
. B.
24
13
xt
yt

. C.
23
14
xt
yt

. D.
23
14
xt
yt

.
Li gii.
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u 69. Viết phương trình tham số của đường thẳng
d
đi qua điểm
3;5M
và song song với
đường phân giác của góc phần tư thứ nhất.
A.
3
5
xt
yt

. B.
3
5
xt
yt

. C.
3
5
xt
yt

. D.
5
3
xt
yt

.
Li gii.
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u 70. Viết phương trình tham số của đường thẳng
d
đi qua điểm
4;0M
và vuông góc với
đường phân giác góc phần tư thứ hai.
A.
4
xt
yt
. B.
4xt
yt

. C.
4
xt
yt

. D.
4
xt
yt

.
Li gii.
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u 71. Viết phương trình tham số của đường thẳng
d
đi qua điểm
4; 7M
và song song với
trục
Ox
.
A.
14
7
xt
yt


. B.
4
7
x
yt
. C.
7
4
xt
y
. D.
7
xt
y

.
Li gii.
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u 72. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ
Oxy
, cho tam giác
1;4A
,
3;2B
7;3 .C
Viết phương trình tham số của đường trung tuyến
CM
của tam giác.
A.
7
.
35
x
yt

B.
35
.
7
xt
y


C.
7
.
3
xt
y

D.
2
.
3
x
yt

Li gii.
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u 73. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho tam giác
2;4A
,
5;0B
.2;1C
Trung tuyến
BM
của tam giác đi qua điểm
N
có hoành độ bằng
20
thì tung độ bằng:
A.
12.
B.
C.
13.
D.
27
.
2
Li gii.
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u 74. Viết phương trình tham số của đường thẳng
d
đi qua điểm
6; 10M
và vuông góc với
trục
Oy
.
A.
10
6
xt
y

. B.
2
:
10
xt
d
y


. C.
6
:
10
x
d
yt
. D.
6
:
10
x
d
yt
.
Li gii.
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u 75. Đường thẳng
d
đi qua điểm
2;1M
vuông góc với đường thẳng
13
:
25
xt
yt

phương trình tham số là:
A.
23
.
15
xt
yt

B.
25
.
13
xt
yt

C.
13
.
25
xt
yt


D.
15
.
23
xt
yt


Li gii.
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u 76. Viết phương trình tham số của đường thẳng
d
đi qua điểm
1;2A
và song song với
đường thẳng
:3 13 1 0xy
.
A.
1 13
23
xt
yt

. B.
1 13
23
xt
yt

. C.
1 13
23
xt
yt

. D.
13
2 13
xt
yt


.
Li gii.
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u 77. Viết phương trình tham số của đường thẳng
d
qua điểm
1;2A
và vuông góc với
đường thẳng
:2 4 0xy
.
A.
12
2
xt
yt

. B.
42
xt
yt

. C.
12
2
xt
yt

. D.
12
2
xt
yt


.
Li gii.
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u 78. Trong mt phng
Oxy
cho tam giác
ABC
vi
3; 2A
;
4;7B
;
1;1C
phương trình
tham s đưng trung tuyến
AM
A.
3
42
xt
yt


. B.
3
24
xt
yt

. C.
33
24
xt
yt

. D.
3
24
xt
yt

.
Li gii
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u 79. Cho tam giác
vi
2;4A
;
2;1B
;
5;0C
. Trung tuyến
CM
đi qua điểm o
ới đây?
A.
9
14;
2



. B.
5
10;
2



. C.
7; 6
. D.
1;5
.
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Li gii
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u 80. Cho hai đường thng song
1
:5 7 4 0d x y
2
:5 7 6 0.d x y
Phương trình
đưng thẳng song song và cách đều
1
d
2
d
A.
5 7 2 0xy
. B.
5 7 3 0xy
. C.
5 7 4 0xy
. D.
5 7 5 0xy
.
Li gii
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A . LÝ THUYT.
I. V ttương đối ca hai đường thng.
Cho hai đường thng
1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
: 0; : 0d a x b y c d a x b y c
Ta xét h
1 1 1
2 2 2
0
0
a x b y c
a x b y c
I
khi đó nếu:
H
I
vô nghim suy ra
12
//dd
.
H
I
vô s nghim suy ra
12
dd
H
I
có nghim duy nht suy ra
1
d
2
d
ct nhau và nghim ca h là tọa độ giao điểm.
Đặc biệt: Với trường hợp
222
. . 0a b c
khi đó:
Nếu
11
22
ab
ab
thì hai đường thẳng cắt nhau.
Nếu
1 1 1
2 2 2
a b c
a b c

thì hai đường thẳng song song nhau.
Nếu
111
222
a b c
a b c

thì hai đường thẳng trùng nhau.
Ví d 1. Xét vị trí tương đối và tìm giao điểm nếu có của 2 đường thẳng:
a).
2 5 3 0xy
5 2 3 0xy
.
b).
3 4 0xy
0,5 1,5 4 0xy
.
c).
10 2 3 0xy
5 1,5 0xy
.
Lời giải
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Ví d 2. Xét vị trí tương đối và tìm giao điểm nếu có của cặp đường thẳng:
a).
15
:
24
xt
d
yt

6 5 '
':
2 4 '
xt
d
yt

b).
14
:
22
xt
d
yt


':2 4 10 0d x y
c).
2
:
22
xt
d
yt

3
':
12
xy
d
Lời giải
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§BI 2. V TRÍ TƯƠNG CA HAI ĐƯNG THNG-KHONG CÁCH-GÓC
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d 3. Biện luận theo tham số
m
vị trí tương đối của hai đường thẳng:
20mx y
10x my m
Lời giải
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Ví d 4. Với giá trị nào của tham số
m
thì hai đường thẳng sau đây vuông góc:
1
: 8 0mx y
2
:0x y m
Lời giải
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Ví d 5. Tìm
m
để ba đường thẳng sau đây đồng quy:
1
:2 4 0d x y
,
2
:5 2 3 0d x y
3
: 3 2 0d mx y
Lời giải
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2. Khoảng cách..
a). Khoảngch của hai điểm pn biệt.
Khong cách giữa hai điểm
;
AA
A x y
;
BB
B x y
đưc tính theo công thc :
22
B A B A
AB x x y y
b). Công thức tính khoảng cách từ một điểm tới đường thẳng.
Cho đường thẳng
:0Ax By C
điểm
00
;M x y
.
Khi đó khoảng cách từ
M
đến
được tính bởi công thức
00
22
,
Ax By C
dM
AB


.
22
0AB
c). Vị trí của hai điểm đối với đường thẳng.
Cho đường thẳng
:0Ax By C
;
MM
M x y 
,
;
NN
N x y 
. Khi đó
, MN
cùng phía với
khi và chỉ khi
0
M M N N
Ax By C Ax By C
.
, MN
khác phía với
khi và chỉ khi
0
M M N N
Ax By B Ax By C
.
Ví d 6. Cho đường thẳng
:5 3 5 0xy
a). Tính khoảng cách từ điểm
1;3A
đến đường thẳng
.
b). Tính khoảng cách giữa hai đường thẳng song song
': 5 3 8 0.xy
Lời giải
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Ví d 7. Cho đường thẳng
:4 3 5 0xy
a). Tìm tọa độ điểm
A
thuộc
và cách gốc tọa độ một khoảng bằng
4
.
b). Tìm điểm
B
thuộc
và cách đều hai điểm
5;0E
,
3; 2 .F
Lời giải
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(
x
o
;
y
0
)
Ax + By + C=0
H
M
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d 8. Cho ba điểm
2;0 , 3;4AB
1;1P
. Viết phương trình đường thẳng đi qua
P
đồng thời cách đều
A
.B
Lời giải
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d 9. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, viết phương trình đường thẳng
cách điểm
1;1A
một khoảng bằng
2
và cách điểm
2;3B
một khoảng bằng
4
.
Lời giải
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d 10. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho hai điểm
2;4A
,
3;5B
. Viết phương
trình tổng quát của đường thẳng
đi qua điểm
0;1I
sao cho khoảng cách từ
A
đến đường
thẳng
gấp
2
lần khoảng cách từ
B
đến
.
Lời giải
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d 11. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, viết phương trình đường thẳng
song song
với đường thẳng
:3 4 1 0d x y
và cách
d
một khoảng bằng
1
.
Lời giải
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Ví d 12. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho đường thẳng
: 3 2 0d x y
và hai điểm
phân biệt
1; 3A
,
Bd
. Viết phương trình đường thẳng
AB
, biết rằng khoảng cách từ
B
đến
giao điểm của đường thẳng
AB
với
d
bằng hai lần khoảng cách từ điểm
B
đến
d
.
Lời giải
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3. Góc giữa hai đường thẳng.
a). Định nghĩa. Hai đường thẳng
a
b
cắt nhau tạo thành bốn góc. Số đo nhỏ nhất của các góc đó
được gọi là số đo của góc giữa hai đường thẳng
a
b
, hay đơn giản là góc giữa
a
b
.
Khi
a
song song hoặc trùng với
b
, ta quy ước góc giữa chúng bằng
0
0
.
b). Công thức xác định góc giữa hai đường thẳng.
Cho hai đường thẳng
1
2
có phương trình
1 1 1 1
:0A x B y C
2 2 2 2
:0A x B y C
Khi đó góc của nó được xác định bởi công thức
1 2 1 2
12
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2
cos ;
a a bb
a b a b

.
Đặt biệt: Phương trình đường phân giác của góc tạo bởi hai đường thẳng
1 1 1 1
:0a x b y c
2 2 2 2
:0a x b y c
có phương trình
1 1 1 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2
a x b y c a x b y c
a b a b


.
Ví d 13. Xác định góc giữa hai đường thẳng sau
1
:3 2 1 0xy
2
:
75
xt
t
yt


.
Lời giải
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d 14. Tìm
m
để góc hợp bởi hai đường thẳng
1
: 3 7 0xy
2
: 1 0mx y
một góc bằng
0
30
Lời giải
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Ví d 15. Cho đường thẳng
:3 2 1 0d x y
1;2M
. Viết phương trình đường thẳng
đi
qua
M
và tạo với
d
một góc
45
o
.
Lời giải
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Ví d 16. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ toạ độ
Oxy
, cho đường thẳng
:2 2 0d x y
và điểm
1;1I
. Viết phương trình đường thẳng
cách điểm
I
một khoảng bằng
10
và tạo với đường
thẳng
d
một góc bằng
0
45
.
Lời giải
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Ví d 17. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho điểm
0;1M
và hai đường thẳng lần lượt
1
: 7 17 0d x y
,
2
: 5 0d x y
. Viết phương trình đường thẳng
đi qua
M
tạo với
1
d
,
2
d
một tam giác cân tại giao điểm của
1
d
2
d
.
Lời giải
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B. CÁC DNG TOÁN VÀ PƠNG PHÁP GIẢI.
DNG 1. t v trí tương đi ca đưng thng
.
1. Phương pháp.
Cho hai đường thng
1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
: 0; : 0d a x b y c d a x b y c
Ta xét h
1 1 1
2 2 2
0
0
a x b y c
a x b y c
I
khi đó nếu:
H
I
vô nghim suy ra
12
//dd
.
H
I
vô s nghim suy ra
12
dd
H
I
có nghim duy nht suy ra
1
d
2
d
ct nhau và nghim ca h là tọa độ giao điểm.
Đặc bit: Với trường hp
222
. . 0a b c
khi đó:
Nếu
11
22
ab
ab
thì hai đường thng ct nhau.
Nếu
1 1 1
2 2 2
a b c
a b c

thì hai đường thng song song nhau.
Nếu
111
222
a b c
a b c

thì hai đường thng trùng nhau.
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2. Bài tp minh ha.
Bài tp 1. Xét v trí tương đối các cặp đường thng sau
a).
12
: 2 0; : 2 3 0x y x y
b).
12
: 2 5 0; :2 4 10 0x y x y
c).
12
:2 3 5 0; : 5 0x y x
d).
12
:2 3 4 0; : 4 6 0x y x y
Lời giải
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Bài tp 2. Cho hai đường thẳng:
2
12
: 1 2 1 0; : 1 0m x y m x m y m
a). Tìm tọa độ giao điểm của
1
2
.
b). Tìm điều kiện của
m
để giao điểm đó nằm trên trục
.Oy
Lời giải
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Bài tp 3. Cho hai đường thng
2
1
: 3 2 1 0m x y m
2
2
: 1 0x my m
.
a). Xác định v trí tương đối và xác định giao điểm (nếu có) ca
1
2
trong các trường
hp
0, 1.mm
b). Tìm
m
để hai đường thng song song vi nhau.
Lời giải
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Bài tp 4. Cho tam giác
ABC
có phương trình các đường thng
,,AB BC CA
: 2 2 0 ; : 3 2 1 0 ; : 3 3 0AB x y BC x y CA x y
.
Xác định v trí tương đối của đường cao k t đỉnh
A
và đường thng
:3 2 0xy
Lời giải
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Bài tp 5. Cho đường thẳng
12
:2 2 0; : 3 0d x y d x y
điểm
3;0M
. Viết phương
trình đường thẳng
đi qua
,M
cắt
1
d
2
d
lần lượt tại điểm
A
B
sao cho
M
trung
điểm của đoạn thẳng
AB
Lời giải
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3. Câu hi trc nghim.
u 1. Xét vị trí tương đối của hai đường thẳng
1
: 2 1 0d x y
2
: 3 6 10 0d x y
.
A. Trùng nhau. B. Song song.
C. Vuông góc với nhau. D. Cắt nhau nhưng không vuông góc nhau.
Li gii.
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u 2. Xét vị trí tương đối của hai đường thẳng
1
:3 2 6 0d x y
2
:6 2 8 0d x y
.
A. Trùng nhau. B. Song song.
C. Vuông góc với nhau. D. Cắt nhau nhưng không vuông góc nhau.
Li gii.
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u 3. Xét vị trí tương đối của hai đường thẳng
1
:1
34
xy
d 
2
:3 4 10 0d x y
.
A. Trùng nhau. B. Song song.
C. Vuông góc với nhau. D. Cắt nhau nhưng không vuông góc nhau.
Li gii.
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u 4. Xét vị trí tương đối của hai đường thẳng
1
1
:
22
xt
d
yt
2
22
:
84
xt
d
yt

.
A. Trùng nhau. B. Song song.
C. Vuông góc với nhau. D. Cắt nhau nhưng không vuông góc nhau.
Li gii.
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u 5. Xét vị trí tương đối của hai đường thẳng
1
34
:
26
xt
d
yt

2
22
:
84
xt
d
yt

.
A. Trùng nhau. B. Song song.
C. Vuông góc với nhau. D. Cắt nhau nhưng không vuông góc nhau.
Li gii.
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u 6. Xác định vị trí tương đối của hai đường thẳng
1
:7 2 1 0xy
2
4
:.
15
xt
yt


A. Trùng nhau. B. Song song.
C. Vuông góc với nhau. D. Cắt nhau nhưng không vuông góc nhau.
Li gii.
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u 7. Xét vị trí tương đối của hai đường thẳng
1
42
:
13
xt
d
yt


2
:3 2 14 0d x y
.
A. Trùng nhau. B. Song song.
C. Vuông góc với nhau. D. Cắt nhau nhưng không vuông góc nhau.
Li gii.
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u 8. Xác định vị trí tương đối của hai đường thẳng
1
3
3
2
:
4
1
3
xt
yt

2
9
9
2
:
1
8
3
xt
yt


.
A. Trùng nhau. B. Song song.
C. Vuông góc với nhau. D. Cắt nhau nhưng không vuông góc nhau.
Li gii.
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u 9. Xét vị trí tương đối của hai đường thẳng
1
42
:
15
xt
d
yt


2
:5 2 14 0d x y
.
A. Trùng nhau. B. Song song.
C. Vuông góc với nhau. D. Cắt nhau nhưng không vuông góc nhau.
Li gii.
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u 10. Xét vị trí tương đối của hai đường thẳng
1
23
:
2
xt
d
yt


2
2
:
23
xt
d
yt
.
A. Trùng nhau. B. Song song.
C. Vuông góc với nhau. D. Cắt nhau nhưng không vuông góc nhau.
Li gii.
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u 11. Cho hai đường thẳng
1
2
:
2
3
xt
yt
d

1
1
2
:
5
73
d
xt
yt

.
Khẳng định nào sau đây là đúng:
A.
1
d
song song
2
d
. B.
1
d
2
d
cắt nhau tại
1;–3M
.
C.
1
d
trùng với
2
d
. D.
1
d
2
d
cắt nhau tại
3;–1M
.
Li gii.
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u 12. Cho hai đường thẳng
1
1
:
53y
d
xt
t


2
: 2 1 0d x y 
.
Khẳng định nào sau đây là đúng:
A.
1
d
song song
2
d
. B.
2
d
song song với trục
Ox
.
C.
2
d
cắt trục
Oy
tại
1
0;
2
M



. D.
1
d
2
d
cắt nhau tại
13
;
88
M



.
Li gii.
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u 13. Cho bốn điểm
4; 3A
,
5;1B
,
2;3C
2; 2D
. Xác định vị trí tương đối của hai
đường thẳng
AB
CD
.
A. Trùng nhau. B. Song song.
C. Vuông góc với nhau. D. Cắt nhau nhưng không vuông góc nhau.
Li gii.
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47
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u 14. Cho bốn điểm
1;2A
,
4;0B
,
1; 3C
7; 7D
. Xác định vị trí tương đối của hai
đường thẳng
AB
CD
.
A. Trùng nhau. B. Song song.
C. Vuông góc với nhau. D. Cắt nhau nhưng không vuông góc nhau.
Li gii.
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u 15. Các cặp đường thẳng nào sau đây vuông góc với nhau?
A.
1
:
12
xt
d
yt
2
2 1 0.: xyd 
B.
1
: 2 0dx
2
.:
0
xt
d
y
C.
1
0:23d xy
2
.: 2 1 0xyd
D.
1
: 2 3 0d x y
2
2 1 0.:4d xy
Li gii.
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u 16. Đường thẳng nào sau đây song song với đường thẳng
2 3 1 0xy
?
A.
2 3 1 0xy
. B.
2 5 0xy
. C.
2 3 3 0xy
. D.
4 6 2 0xy
.
Li gii.
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Câu 17. Đường thng nào sau đây không điểm chung với đường thẳng
3 4 0xy
?
A.
1
.
23
xt
yt


B.
1
.
23
xt
yt


C.
13
.
2
xt
yt


D.
13
.
2
xt
yt


Li gii.
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u 18. Đường thẳng nào sau đây vuông góc với đường thẳng
4 3 1 0xy
?
A.
4
.
33
xt
yt
B.
4
.
33
xt
yt
C.
4
.
33
xt
yt

D.
8
.
3
xt
yt
Li gii.
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u 19. Đường thẳng nào sau đây có vô số điểm chung với đường thẳng
1
xt
y

?
A.
0
.
1 2018
x
yt
B.
1
.
0
xt
y
C.
1 2018
.
1
xt
y

D.
1
.
1
x
yt
Li gii.
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Câu 20. Đường thẳng nào sau đây có đúng một điểm chung với đường thẳng
23
57
xt
yt

?
A.
7 3 1 0.xy
B.
7 3 1 0.xy
C.
3 7 2018 0.xy
D.
7 3 2018 0.xy
Li gii.
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u 21. Với giá trị nào của tham số
m
thì hai đường thẳng
1
:3 4 10 0d x y
đường thẳng
2
2
: 2 1 10 0d m x m y
trùng nhau?
A.
2m
. B.
1m 
. C.
2m
. D.
2m 
.
Li gii.
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
49
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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u 22. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho hai đường thẳng có phương trình lần lượt là
1
: 1 2 0d mx m y m
2
: 2 1 0d x y
. Nếu
1
d
song song
2
d
thì:
A.
2.m
B.
1.m 
C.
2.m 
D.
1.m
Li gii.
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u 23. Tìm
m
để hai đường thẳng
1
: 2 3 4 0d x y
2
23
:
14
xt
d
y mt


cắt nhau.
A.
1
.
2
m 
B.
2.m
C.
1
.
2
m
D.
1
.
2
m
Li gii.
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u 24. Với giá trị nào của
a
thì hai đường thẳng
1
: 2 4 1 0d x y 
2
1
:
31
x at
d
y a t
vuông góc với nhau?
A.
2.a 
B.
2.a
C.
1.a 
D.
1a
.
Li gii.
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u 25. Với giá trị nào của
m
thì hai đường thẳng
1
22
:
3
xt
d
yt

2
2
:
6 1 2
x mt
d
y m t

trùng nhau?
A.
1
2
m
. B.
2m 
. C.
2m
. D.
2m 
.
Li gii.
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng Cách Góc
50
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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u 26. Tìm tất cả các giá trị của
m
để hai đường thẳng
1
22
:
1
xt
d
y mt


2
: 4 3 0d x y m
trùng nhau.
A.
3m 
. B.
1m
. C.
4
3
m
. D.
m
.
Li gii.
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u 27. Với giá trị nào của
m
thì hai đường thẳng
1
: 2 4 0d x y m
đường thẳng
2
: 3 2 1 0d m x y m
song song?
A.
1.m
B.
1.m 
C.
2.m
D.
3.m
Li gii.
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u 28. Tìm tất cả các giá trị của
m
để hai đường thẳng
1
: 2 3 10 0x my
đường thẳng
2
: 4 1 0mx y
cắt nhau.
A.
1 10m
. B.
1m
. C. Không có
m
. D. Với mọi
m
.
Li gii.
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u 29. Với giá trị nào của tham số
m
thì hai đường thẳng
1
: 19 0mx y
đường thẳng
2
: 1 1 20 0m x m y
vuông góc?
A. Với mọi
m
. B.
2m
. C. Không có
m
. D.
1m 
.
Li gii.
Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
51
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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u 30. Gtrị nào của
m
thì đường thẳng
1
:3 2 6 0d mx y
2
2
: 2 2 6 0d m x my
cắt
nhau?
A.
1m 
. B.
1m
. C.
m
. D.
1 và 1mm
.
Li gii.
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u 31. Với giá trị nào của
m
thì hai đường thẳng
1
: 2 3 10 0d x y
2
23
:
14
xt
d
y mt


vuông góc?
A.
1
2
m
. B.
9
8
m
. C.
9
8
m 
. D.
5
4
m 
.
Li gii.
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u 32. Với giá trị nào của
m
thì hai đường thẳng
1
: 4 3 3 0d x y m
2
12
:
4
xt
d
y mt


trùng
nhau?
A.
8
3
m 
. B.
8
3
m
. C.
4
3
m 
. D.
4
3
m
.
Li gii.
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng Cách Góc
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u 33. Với giá trị nào của tham số
m
thì đường thẳng
1
:3 2 6 0d mx y
đường thẳng
2
2
: 2 2 3 0d m x my
song song?
A.
1; 1.mm
B.
m
. C.
2m
. D.
1m 
.
Li gii.
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u 34. Với giá trị nào của
m
thì hai đường thẳng
1
81
:
10
x m t
d
yt

2
: 2 14 0d mx y
song song?
A.
1
2
m
m

. B.
1m
. C.
2m 
. D.
m
.
Li gii.
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u 35. Với giá trị nào của tham số
m
thì hai đường thẳng
2
1
: 3 2 1 0d m x y m
2
2
: 2 1 0d x my m m
cắt nhau?
A.
1m
. B.
1
2
m
m
. C.
2m
. D.
1
2
m
m
.
Li gii.
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u 36. Với giá trị nào của
m
thì hai đường thẳng
1
2
2
:
11
x m t
y m t

2
1
:
x mt
y m t


trùng nhau?
A. Không có
m
. B.
4
3
m
. C.
1m
. D.
3m 
.
Li gii.
Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
53
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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u 37. Tìm tọa độ giao điểm của đường thẳng
:5 2 10 0xy
và trục hoành.
A.
0;2 .
B.
0;5 .
C.
2;0 .
D.
2;0 .
Li gii.
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u 38. Tìm tọa độ giao điểm của đường thẳng
2
:
5 15
xt
d
yt
và trục tung.
A.
2
;0
3



. B.
0; 5
. C.
. D.
5;0
.
Li gii.
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u 39. Tìm tọa độ giao điểm của hai đường thẳng
7 3 16 0xy
10 0x 
.
A.
10; 18
. B.
10;18
. C.
10;18
. D.
10; 18
.
Li gii.
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u 40. Tìm toạ độ giao điểm của hai đường thẳng
1
34
:
25
xt
d
yt

2
14
:.
75
xt
d
yt


A.
1;7 .
B.
3;2 .
C.
2; 3 .
D.
5;1 .
Li gii.
Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng Cách Góc
54
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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u 41. Cho hai đường thẳng
1
: 2 3 19 0d x y
2
22 2
:
55 5
xt
d
yt


. Tìm toạ độ giao điểm của
hai đường thẳng đã cho.
A.
2;5 .
B.
10;25 .
C.
1;7 .
D.
5;2 .
Li gii.
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u 42. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho hai điểm
–2;0 , 1;4AB
đường thẳng
:
2
xt
d
yt


. Tìm tọa độ giao điểm của đường thẳng
AB
d
.
A.
2;0
. B.
–2;0
. C.
0;2
. D.
0; 2
.
Li gii.
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u 43. Xác định
a
để hai đường thẳng
1
: 3 4 0d ax y
2
1
:
33
xt
d
yt

cắt nhau tại một
điểm nằm trên trục hoành.
A.
1.a
B.
1.a 
C.
2.a
D.
2.a 
Li gii.
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Câu 44. Tìm tất cả các g trcủa tham s
m
đ hai đường thẳng
2
1
: 4 3 0d x my m
2
2
:
62
xt
d
yt


cắt nhau tại một điểm thuộc trục tung.
A.
0m
hoặc
6m 
. B.
0m
hoặc
2m
.
C.
0m
hoặc
2m 
. D.
0m
hoặc
6m
.
Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
55
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
Li gii.
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Câu 45. Cho ba đường thẳng
1
: 3 2 5 0d x y 
,
2
: 2 4 7 0d x y
,
3
:3 4 1 0d x y
.
Phương trình đường thẳng
d
đi qua giao điểm ca
1
d
và
2
d
, song song với
3
d
:
A.
24 32 53 0xy
. B.
24 32 53 0xy
. C.
24 32 53 0xy
.D.
24 32 53 0xy
.
Li gii.
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Câu 46. Lp pơng trình đường thẳng
đi qua giao điểm của hai đường thẳng
1
: 3 1 0d x y
,
2
: 3 5 0d x y
vuông góc với đường thẳng
3
: 2 7 0d x y
.
A.
3 6 5 0xy
. B.
6 12 5 0xy
. C.
6 12 10 0xy
. D.
2 10 0xy
Li gii.
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Câu 47. Trong mặt phẳng với htrục tọa đ
Oxy
, cho ba đường thẳng lần lượt pơng trình
1
:3 4 15 0d x y
,
2
:5 2 1 0d x y
3
: 2 1 9 13 0d mx m y m
. Tìm tất cả các giá trị
của tham số
m
để ba đường thẳng đã cho cùng đi qua một điểm.
A.
1
.
5
m
B.
5.m 
C.
1
.
5
m 
D.
5.m
Li gii.
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u 48. Nếu ba đường thẳng
1
: 2 4 0d x y
,
2
: 5 2 3 0d x y 
3
: 3 2 0d mx y
đồng
quy thì
m
nhận giá trị nào sau đây?
A.
12
.
5
B.
12
.
5
C.
12.
D.
12.
Li gii.
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Câu 49. Với giá tr nào ca tham s
m
thì ba đưng thng
1
: 3 4 15 0d x y 
,
2
: 5 2 1 0d x y
3
: 4 15 0d mx y 
đồng quy?
A.
5m 
. B.
5m
. C.
3m
. D.
3m 
.
Li gii.
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Câu 50. Vi giá tr o ca tham s
m
thì ba đưng thẳng
1
: 2 1 0d x y
,
2
: 2 1 0d x y
3
: 7 0d mx y
đồng quy?
A.
6m 
. B.
6m
. C.
5m 
. D.
5m
.
Li gii.
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u 51. Điểm nào sau đây thuộc đường thẳng
12
:?
3
xt
d
yt


A.
2;–1M
. B.
–7;0N
. C.
3;5P
. D.
3; 2Q
.
Li gii.
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u 52. Điểm nào sau đây không thuộc đường thẳng
12
?
35
xt
yt

A.
1;3M
. B.
1; 2N
. C.
3;1P
. D.
3;8Q
.
Li gii.
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DNG 2. Tìm tọa độ hình chiếu của điểm
A
, điểm đối xng
A
, phương trình đối xng của đường
thng
qua điểm
I
và qua đường thng
d
.
1. Phương pháp.
Tìm ta đ hình chiếu
H
của điểm
A
xung đưng thng
: 0;ax by c
Ta tiến hành các bước sau:
c 1: lập phương trình đường thẳng
'
qua
A
vuông góc với
.
Khi đó
'/ /n
nên
'
nhn
;n a b
làm véc tơ chỉ phương hay
;n u a b

và đi
qua
;
AA
A x y
có phương trình tham số
: , .
A
A
x x at
t
y y bt



c 2: Hình chiếu
H
giao điểm của
:
: , .
0
A
A
x x at
y y bt t
ax by c

Cách khác:
c 1: Điểm
H
thuộc
có tọa độ theo tham số
t
(hoặc
,x
hoặc
y
).
c 1: Cho điều kiện
.0AH d AH u
để tìm
.t
Tìm ta đ
A
đối xng vi đim
A
xung đưng thng
: 0;ax by c
c 1: Tìm hình chiếu
H
của điểm
A
xung đưng thng
: 0;ax by c
c 2: Điểm đối xứng
'A
của
A
qua đường thẳng

H
trung điểm để suy ra
'AA
nên áp
dùng công thức trung điểm
2
2
.
2
2
AA
H
A H A
A A A H A
H
xx
x
x x x
y y y y y
y



2. Bài tp minh ha.
'
n
(
a;b )
ax + by + c=0
(
x
A
;
y
A
)
H
A
(
x
A
;
y
A
)
ax + by + c=0
(
a;b )
n
'
A'
H
A
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Bài tp 6. Cho đường thng
:4 3 5 0.xy
Tìm tọa độ hình chiếu của điểm
1;2M
lên
đưng thng
Lời giải
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Bài tp 7. Cho đường thẳng
: 2 4 0d x y
và điểm
4;1A
a). Tìm tọa độ hình chiếu vuông góc của
A
lên
d
.
b). Tìm tọa độ điểm
'A
đối xứng với
A
qua
d
.
Lời giải
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Bài tp 8. Cho điểm
1;2A
: 7 0d x y
. Tìm tọa độ đim
A
đối xng vi
A
qua
d
.
Lời giải
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Bài tp 9. Tìm tọa độ trc tâm
H
ca tam giác
xác định tọa độ đim
K
đối xng vi
H
qua
BC
:
a).
0; 3A
;
3;0B
;
1; 1C 
. b).
2; 1A
;
2; 3B
;
5; 0C
.
Lời giải
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Tìm đường thng
đối xng vi đưng thng
:0ax by c
qua điểm
.I
1. Phương pháp.
Ta tiến hành các bước sau
c 1:
'
đối xứng với
qua
I
nên
'/ / ; .n n a b

c 2: Chn
M 
. Tìm
M


với
M
đối xứng với điểm
M
qua điểm
I
I
là trung điểm của đoạn
MM
c 3: Vậy đường thng
'
có véc tơ pháp tuyến
;n n a b


và đi qua điểm
M
dng:
0.
MM
a x x b y y

'
n
(
a;b )
ax + by + c=0
M'
I
M
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2. Bài tp minh ha.
Bài tp 10. Cho đường thẳng
:2 1 0xy
và điểm
1;2I
.
Tìm phương trình đường thẳng
'
đối xứng với
qua điểm
I
Lời giải
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Bài tp 11. Cho điểm
1;3M
và đường thng
: 2 1 0d x y
.
Lập phương trình đường thng
d
đối xng vi
d
qua điểm
M
.
Lời giải
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Tìm đường thng
đối xng vi đưng thng
:0ax by c
qua đưng thng
.d
1. Phương pháp.
Cho đường thng
:0ax by c
:0d a x b y c

Khi đó ta xét hai trường hp sau
Trường hp 1:
song song vi
d
tc là
a b c
a b c

. Khi đó
c 1:
'
đối xứng với
qua
d
nên
/ / / /d

;.n n a b

c 2: Chn
M 
. Tìm
M


với
M
đối xứng với điểm
M
qua đường thẳng
d
H
là trung điểm của đoạn
MM
2
2
.
2
2
MM
H
M H M
M M M H M
H
xx
x
x x x
y y y y y
y



c 3: Vậy đưng thng
'
có véc tơ pháp tuyến
;n n a b


và đi qua điểm
M
có dng:
0.
MM
a x x b y y

d
ax + by + c=0
(
a;b )
n
'
M'
H
M
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2. Bài tp minh ha.
Bài tp 12. Lập phương trình đường thng
d
đối xng với đường thng
d
qua đường
thng
vi:
:2 3 1 0; :2 3 1 0d x y x y
.
Lời giải
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Bài tp 13. Lập phương trình đường thng
1
d
đối xng với đường thng
d
qua đường thng
biết:
: 2 1 0; : 2 3 0d x y x y
.
Lời giải
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Trường hp 2:
ct
d
ti
N
tc là
a b c
a b c

. Khi đó
c 1:
ct
d
tại
N
nên tọa độ đim
N
là nghiệm của hệ
Phương trình:
0
0
ax by c
a x b y c

c 2: Chn
M 
. Tìm
M


với
M
đối xứng với điểm
M
qua đường thẳng
d
H
là trung điểm của đoạn
MM
2
2
.
2
2
MM
H
M H M
M M M H M
H
xx
x
x x x
y y y y y
y



c 3: Vậy đưng thng
'
đi qua điểm hai điểm
,MM
véc tơ chỉ phương
,
H
n
d
(
a';b'
)
'
d
M'
N
M
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2. Bài tp minh ha.
Bài tp 14. Cho hai đường thẳng
1
: 1 0d x y
2
: 3 3 0d x y
. Hãy lập phương trình
của đường thẳng
3
d
đối xứng với
1
d
qua
2
d
.
Lời giải
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Bài tp 15. Lập phương trình đường thng
1
d
đối xng với đường thng
d
qua đường
thng
biết:
: 2 3 0; : 0d x y x y
.
Lời giải
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Bài tp 16. Cho hai đường thng
: 2 6 0xy
1
':
xt
yt
.
a). Xác định tọa độ điểm đối xng với điểm
1;0A
qua đường thng
.
b). Viết phương trình đường thẳng đối xng vi
'
qua
.
Li gii
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3. Câu hi trc nghim.
u 53. Trong mt phng tọa độ
Oxy
cho hai điểm
4;1M
,
1;2N
,
;M x y
điểm đối
xng vi
M
qua
N
. Khi đó
có giá tr
A.
3
. B.
3
. C.
9
. D.
9
.
Li gii
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u 54. Cho đường thng
: 2 3 0d x y
.
Tìm tọa độ hình chiếu vuông góc
H
của điểm
0;1M
trên đường thng.
A.
1;2H
. B.
5;1H
. C.
3;0H
. D.
1; 1H
.
Li gii
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u 55. Cho điểm
1;2M
:2 5 0d x y
. Tọa độ của điểm đối xng với điểm
M
qua
d
A.
9 12
;
55



. B.
2;6
. C.
3
0;
2



. D.
3; 5
.
Li gii
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u 56. Cho đường thng
: 3 3 0d x y
điểm
2;4N
. Tọa độ hình chiếu vuông góc ca
N
trên
d
A.
3; 6
. B.
1 11
;
33



. C.
2 21
;
55



. D.
1 33
;
10 10



.
Li gii
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u 57. Trong mt phng tọa độ
Oxy
, hình chiếu vuông góc của điểm
2;1A
trên đường thng
:2 7 0 d x y
có tọa độ
A.
14 7
;
55




. B.
53
;
22



. C.
3;1
. D.
14 7
;
55



.
Li gii
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u 58. Cho đường thng
: 2 3 0d x y
.
Tìm tọa độ hình chiếu vuông góc
H
của điểm
0;1M
trên đường thng.
A.
1;2H
. B.
5;1H
. C.
3;0H
. D.
1; 1H
.
Li gii
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u 59. Cho đường thng
: 2 3 3 0 d x y 
8; 2M
. Tọa độ của điểm
M
đối xng vi
M
qua
d
là:
A.
( 4 );8
. B.
( 84; )
. C.
. D.
(4; )8
.
Li gii
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u 60. Cho hai đường thng
1
: 2 1 0d x y
,
2
: 3 3 0d x y
.
Phương trình đường thng
d
đối xng vi
1
d
qua
2
d
là:
A.
2 2 0.xy
B.
2 2 0.xy
C.
2 2 0.xy
D.
7 1 0.xy
Li gii
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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u 61. Trong mt phng tọa độ
Oxy
, cho ba điểm
1;0A
,
0;5B
3; 5C 
.
Tìm tọa độ đim
M
thuc trc
Oy
sao cho
3 2 4MA MB MC
đạt giá tr nh nht?
A.
0;5M
. B.
0;6M
. C.
0; 6M
. D.
0; 5M
.
Li gii
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u 62. Trong mt phng h tọa độ
Oxy
cho đường thng
: 2 5 0xy
và các điểm
1;2A
,
2;3B
,
2;1C
. Viết phương trình đường thng
d
, biết đường thng
d
đi qua gốc tọa độ
cắt đường thng
tại điểm
M
sao cho:
MA MB MC
nh nht.
A.
0xy
. B.
30xy
. C.
2 3 0xy
. D.
20xy
.
Li gii
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DNG 3. Tính khong cách, góc của hai đường thng.
1. Phương pháp.
Để xác định khoảng cách, góc của hai đường thẳng ta áp dụng các công thức sau:
Khoảng cách của hai điểm phân biệt
;
AA
A x y
;
BB
B x y
đưc tính theo công thc:
22
B A B A
AB x x y y
Khoảng cách từ một điểm
00
;M x y
tới đường thẳng
:0Ax By C
22
0AB
00
22
,
Ax By C
dM
AB


Vị trí của hai điểm đối với đường thẳng.
Cho đường thẳng
:0Ax By C
;
MM
M x y 
,
;
NN
N x y 
. Khi đó
, MN
cùng phía với đường thẳng
khi và chỉ khi
0
M M N N
Ax By C Ax By C
.
, MN
khác phía với đường thẳng
khi và chỉ khi
0
M M N N
Ax By B Ax By C
.
Góc giữa đường thẳng
1 1 1 1
:0A x B y C
2 2 2 2
:0A x B y C
được xác định bởi
công thức
1 2 1 2
12
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2
cos ;
A A B B
A B A B

Phương trình đường phân giác ca góc to bởi hai đường thng
1 1 1 1
:0a x b y c
2 2 2 2
:0a x b y c
có phương trình
1 1 1 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2
a x b y c a x b y c
a b a b


.
2. Câu hi trc nghim.
u 63. Với giá trị nào của
a
thì hai đường thẳng
1
: 2 4 1 0d x y 
2
1
:
31
x at
d
y a t
vuông góc với nhau?
A.
2.a 
B.
2.a
C.
1.a 
D.
1a
.
Li gii.
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u 64. Tính góc tạo bởi giữa hai đường thẳng
1
: 2 10 0d x y
2
: 3 9 0.d x y
A.
o
30 .
B.
o
45 .
C.
o
60 .
D.
o
135 .
(
x
o
;
y
0
)
Ax + By + C=0
H
M
M
N
Ax
+
By
C
+
=
0
M
N
Ax
+
By
C
+
=
0
α
180
°
-
α
1
2
n
2
A
2
;
B
2
A
1
;
B
1
n
1
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Li gii.
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u 65. Tính góc tạo bởi giữa hai đường thẳng
1
:7 3 6 0d x y
2
: 2 5 4 0.d x y
A.
4
. B.
3
. C.
2
3
. D.
3
4
.
Li gii.
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u 66. Tính góc tạo bởi giữa hai đường thẳng
1
:2 2 3 5 0d x y
2
: 6 0.dy
A.
o
30 .
B.
o
45 .
C.
o
60 .
D.
o
90 .
Li gii.
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u 67. Tính góc tạo bởi giữa hai đường thẳng
1
: 3 0d x y
2
.10 0: xd 
A.
o
30 .
B.
o
45 .
C.
o
60 .
D.
o
90 .
Li gii.
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u 68. Tính góc tạo bởi giữa hai đường thẳng
1
:6 5 15 0d x y
2
10 6
:.
15
xt
d
yt


A.
o
30 .
B.
o
45 .
C.
o
60 .
D.
o
90 .
Li gii.
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u 69. Cho đường thẳng
1
: 2 7 0d x y
2
: 2 4 9 0d x y
.
Tính cosin của góc tạo bởi giữa hai đường thẳng đã cho.
A.
3
5
. B.
2
5
. C.
3
5
. D.
3
5
.
Li gii.
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u 70. Cho đường thẳng
1
2 2 0: xyd
2
0:d xy
.
Tính cosin của góc tạo bởi giữa hai đường thẳng đã cho.
A.
10
10
. B.
2
3
. C.
3
3
. D.
3
.
Li gii.
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u 71. Cho đường thẳng
1
0:10 5 1d xy
2
2
:
1
xt
d
yt


.
Tính cosin của góc tạo bởi giữa hai đường thẳng đã cho.
A.
3 10
10
. B.
3
5
. C.
10
10
. D.
3
10
.
Li gii.
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u 72. Cho đường thẳng
1
:3 4 1 0d x y
2
15 12
:
15
xt
d
yt


.
Tính cosin của góc tạo bởi giữa hai đường thẳng đã cho.
A.
56
65
. B.
33
65
. C.
6
65
. D.
33
65
.
Li gii.
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u 73. Cho đường thẳng
2
1
:2 3 1 0d x y m
2
4
21
:
13
x m t
d
y m t
.
Tính cosin của góc tạo bởi giữa hai đường thẳng đã cho.
A.
3
.
130
B.
2
.
55
C.
3
.
5
D.
1
.
2
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u 74. Cho hai đường thẳng
1
4 12 0:3xyd
2
2
:
12y
d
x at
t


.
Tìm các giá trị của tham số
a
để
1
d
2
d
hợp với nhau một góc bằng
0
45 .
A.
2
7
a
hoặc
14.a 
B.
7
2
a
hoặc
A,B
C.
hoặc
14.a 
D.
2
7
a
hoặc
5.a
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u 75. Đường thẳng
đi qua giao điểm của hai đường thẳng
1
: 2 3 0d x y
2
: 2 1 0d x y
đồng thời tạo với đường thẳng
3
: 1 0dy
một góc
0
45
có phương trình:
A.
(1 2) 0xy
hoặc
: 1 0xy
. B.
: 2 0xy
hoặc
: 4 0xy
.
C.
:0xy
hoặc
: 2 0xy
. D.
:2 1 0x
hoặc
5 0.y 
.
Li gii.
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u 76. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, có bao nhiêu đường thẳng đi qua điểm
2;0A
tạo với trục hoành một góc
45 ?
A. Có duy nhất. B.
2
. C. Vô số. D. Không tồn tại.
Li gii.
Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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u 77. Đường thẳng
tạo với đường thẳng
: 2 6 0d x y
một góc
0
45
.
Tìm hệ số góc
k
của đường thẳng
.
A.
1
3
k
hoặc
3.k 
B.
1
3
k
hoặc
3.k
C.
1
3
k 
hoặc
3.k 
D.
1
3
k 
hoặc
3.k
Li gii.
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u 78. Biết rằng có đúng hai giá trị của tham số
k
để đường thẳng
:d y kx
tạo với đường
thẳng
: yx
một góc
0
60
. Tổng hai giá trị của
k
bằng:
A.
8.
B.
4.
C.
1.
D.
1.
Li gii.
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u 79. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho đường thẳng
:0ax by c
hai điểm
;
mm
M x y
,
;
nn
N x y
không thuộc
. Chọn khẳng định đúng trong các khẳng định sau:
A.
, MN
khác phía so với
khi
. 0.
m m n n
ax by c ax by c
B.
, MN
cùng phía so với
khi
. 0.
m m n n
ax by c ax by c
C.
, MN
khác phía so với
khi
. 0.
m m n n
ax by c ax by c
D.
, MN
cùng phía so với
khi
. 0.
m m n n
ax by c ax by c
Li gii.
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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u 80. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho đường thẳng
:3 4 5 0d x y
hai điểm
1;3A
,
2;Bm
. Tìm tất cả các giá trị của tham số
m
để
A
B
nằm cùng phía đối với
d
.
A.
0m
. B.
1
4
m 
. C.
1m 
. D.
1
4
m 
.
Li gii.
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u 81. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho đường thẳng
:4 7 0d x y m
hai điểm
1;2A
,
3;4B
. Tìm tất cả các giá trị của tham số
m
để
d
và đoạn thẳng
AB
có điểm chung.
A.
10 40m
. B.
40
.
10
m
m
C.
10 40m
. D.
10m
.
Li gii.
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u 82. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho đường thẳng
2
:
13
xt
d
yt


hai điểm
1;2A
,
2;Bm
. Tìm tất cả các giá trị của tham số
m
để
A
B
nằm cùng phía đối với
d
.
A.
13.m
B.
13m
. C.
13.m
D.
13m
.
Li gii.
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u 83. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho đường thẳng
2
:
1
x m t
d
yt


hai điểm
1;2A
,
3;4B
. Tìm
m
để
d
cắt đoạn thẳng
AB
.
A.
3m
. B.
3m
. C.
3m
. D. Không tồn tại
m
Li gii.
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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u 84. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho tam giác
1;3A
,
2;4B
1;5C
. Đường thẳng
:2 3 6 0d x y
cắt cạnh nào của tam giác đã cho?
A. Cạnh
AC
. B. Cạnh
AB
. C. Cạnh
BC
. D. Không cạnh nào.
Li gii.
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u 85. Cặp đường thẳng nào dưới đây là phân giác của các góc hợp bởi hai đường thẳng
1
: 2 3 0xy
2
: 2 3 0xy
.
A.
30xy
30xy
. B.
30xy
3 6 0xy
.
C.
30xy
3 6 0xy
. D.
3 6 0xy
3 6 0xy
.
Li gii.
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u 86. Cặp đường thẳng nào dưới đây là phân giác của các góc hợp bởi đường thẳng
:0xy
và trục hoành.
A.
1 2 0xy
;
1 2 0xy
. B.
1 2 0xy
;
1 2 0xy
.
C.
1 2 0xy
;
1 2 0xy
. D.
1 2 0xy
;
1 2 0xy
.
Li gii.
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u 87. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho tam giác
ABC
7
;3
4
A



,
1;2B
4;3C
.
Phương trình đường phân giác trong của góc
A
là:
A.
4 2 13 0.xy
B.
4 8 17 0.xy
C.
4 2 1 0.xy
D.
4 8 31 0.xy
Li gii.
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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u 88. Trong mặt phẳng hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho tam giác
1;5A
,
4; 5B 
4; 1C
.
Phương trình đường phân giác ngoài của góc
A
là:
A.
5 0.y 
B.
5 0.y 
C.
1 0.x 
D.
1 0.x 
Li gii.
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u 89. Trong mặt phẳng
Oxy
, cho hai đường thẳng
1
:3 4 3 0d x y
2
:12 5 12 0d x y
.
Phương trình đường phân giác góc nhọn tạo bởi hai đường thẳng
1
d
2
d
A.
3 11 3 0.xy
B.
11 3 11 0.xy
C.
3 11 3 0.xy
D.
11 3 11 0.xy
Li gii.
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u 90. Trong mặt phẳng hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho điểm
00
;M x y
đường thẳng
:0ax by c
.
Khoảng cách từ điểm
M
đến
được tính bằng công thức:
A.
00
22
,.
ax by
dM
ab

B.
00
22
,.
ax by
dM
ab

C.
00
22
,.
ax by c
dM
ab


D.
00
22
,.
ax by c
dM
ab


Li gii.
Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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u 91. Khoảng cách từ điểm
1;1M
đến đường thẳng
:3 4 3 0xy
bằng:
A.
2
.
5
B.
2
. C.
4
.
5
D.
4
25
.
Li gii.
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u 92. Khoảng cách từ giao điểm của hai đường thẳng
3 4 0xy
2 3 1 0xy
đến
đường thẳng
:3 4 0xy
bằng:
A.
2 10
. B.
3 10
5
. C.
10
5
. D.
2
.
Li gii.
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u 93. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho tam giác
,1;2A
0;3B
4;0C
.
Chiều cao của tam giác kẻ từ đỉnh
A
bằng:
A.
1
5
. B.
3
. C.
1
25
. D.
3
5
.
Li gii.
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u 94. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho tam giác
3; 4 ,A
1;5B
3;1C
.
Tính diện tích tam giác
.
A.
10.
B.
5.
C.
26.
D.
2 5.
Li gii.
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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u 95. Khoảng cách từ điểm
0;3M
đến đường thẳng
: cos sin 3 2 sin 0xy
bằng:
A.
6.
B. 6. C.
3sin .
D.
3
.
cos sin

Li gii.
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u 96. Khoảng cách từ điểm
2;0M
đến đường thẳng
13
:
24
xt
yt


bằng:
A.
2.
B.
2
.
5
C.
10
.
5
D.
5
.
2
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u 97. Khoảng cách nhỏ nhất từ điểm
15;1M
đến một điểm bất kì thuộc đường thẳng
23
:
xt
yt

bằng:
A.
10.
B.
C.
16
.
5
D.
5.
Li gii.
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u 98. Tìm tất cả các giá trị của tham số
m
để khoảng cách từ điểm
1;2A
đến đường thẳng
: 4 0mx y m
bằng
25
.
A.
2.m
B.
2
1
2
m
m

. C.
1
2
m 
. D. Không tồn tại
m
.
Li gii.
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u 99. Tìm tất cả các giá trị của tham s
m
để khoảng cách từ giao điểm của hai đường thẳng
1
:
2
xt
d
yt

2
: 2 0d x y m
đến gốc toạ độ bằng
2
.
A.
4
.
2
m
m

B.
4
.
2
m
m


C.
4
.
2
m
m
D.
4
.
2
m
m

Li gii.
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u 100. Đường tròn
C
tâm gốc tọa độ
0;0O
tiếp xúc với
:8 6 100 0xy
. Bán
kính
R
của đường tròn
C
bằng:
A.
4R
. B.
6R
. C.
8R
. D.
10R
.
Li gii.
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u 101. Đường tròn
C
có tâm
2; 2I 
và tiếp xúc với đường thẳng
:5 12 10 0xy
.
Bán kính
R
của đường tròn
C
bằng:
A.
44
13
R
. B.
24
13
R
. C.
44R
. D.
7
13
R
.
Li gii.
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u 102. Với giá trị nào của
m
thì đường thẳng
22
:0
22
x y m
tiếp xúc với đường tròn
22
:1C x y
?
A.
1m
. B.
0m
. C.
2m
. D.
2
2
m
.
Li gii.
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u 103. Cho đường thẳng
:21 11 10 0.d x y
Trong các điểm
21; 3M
,
0;4N
,
19;5P
1;5Q
điểm nào gần đường thẳng
d
nhất?
A.
M
. B.
N
. C.
P
. D.
Q
.
Li gii.
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u 104. Cho đường thẳng
:7 10 15 0.d x y
Trong các điểm
1; 3M
,
0;4N
,
19;5P
1;5Q
điểm nào cách xa đường thẳng
d
nhất?
A.
M
. B.
N
. C.
P
. D.
Q
.
Li gii.
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u 105. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho hai điểm
2;3A
1;4B
.
Đường thẳng nào sau đây cách đều hai điểm
A
B
?
A.
2 0.xy
B.
2 0.xy
C.
2 2 10 0.xy
D.
100 0.xy
Li gii.
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u 106. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho ba điểm
,0;1A
12;5B
3;0 .C
Đường thẳng nào sau đây cách đều ba điểm
,A
B
C
.
A.
3 4 0xy
. B.
10 0xy
. C.
0xy
. D.
5 1 0xy
.
Li gii.
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u 107. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho hai điểm
,1;1A
2;4B
và đường thẳng
: 3 0mx y
. Tìm tất cả các giá trị của tham số
m
để
cách đều hai điểm
, AB
.
A.
1
.
2
m
m

B.
1
.
2
m
m

C.
1
.
1
m
m

D.
2
.
2
m
m

Li gii.
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u 108. Khoảng cách giữa hai đường thẳng
1
: 6 8 3 0xy
2
: 3 4 6 0xy
bằng:
A.
1
2
. B.
3
2
. C.
2
. D.
5
2
.
Li gii.
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u 109. Tính khoảng cách giữa hai đường thẳng
:7 3 0d x y
2
:
27
xt
yt

.
A.
32
2
. B.
15
. C.
9
. D.
9
50
.
Li gii.
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u 110. Khoảng cách giữa hai đường thẳng song song
1
: 6 8 101 0d x y 
2
: 3 4 0d x y
bằng:
A.
10,1
. B.
1,01
. C.
101
. D.
101
.
Li gii.
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u 111. Đường thẳng
song song với đường thẳng
:3 4 1 0d x y
cách
d
một khoảng
bằng
1
có phương trình:
A.
3 4 6 0xy
hoặc
3 4 4 0xy
. B.
3 4 6 0xy
hoặc
3 4 4 0xy
.
C.
3 4 6 0xy
hoặc
3 4 4 0xy
. D.
3 4 6 0xy
hoặc
3 4 4 0xy
.
Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
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Li gii.
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u 112. Tập hợp các điểm cách đường thẳng
:3 4 2 0xy
một khoảng bằng
2
là hai
đường thẳng có phương trình nào sau đây?
A.
3 4 8 0xy
hoặc
3 4 12 0xy
. B.
3 4 8 0xy
hoặc
3 4 12 0xy
.
C.
3 4 8 0xy
hoặc
3 4 12 0xy
. D.
3 4 8 0xy
hoặc
3 4 12 0xy
.
Li gii.
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u 113. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho hai đường thẳng
1
:5 3 3 0d x y
2
:5 3 7 0d x y
song song nhau. Đường thẳng vừa song song và cách đều với
12
, dd
là:
A.
5 3 2 0.xy
B.
5 3 4 0.xy
C.
5 3 2 0.xy
D.
5 3 4 0.xy
Li gii.
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DNG 4. Tìm tọa điểm
M
thuộc đường thng
thỏa mãn điểu kiện cho trưc.
1. Phương pháp.
Để xác định tọa độ điểm thuộc đường thẳng ta dựa vào nhận xét sau:
Điểm
M
thuộc đường thẳng
0
0
: , R
x x at
t
y y bt



( hoặc
00
:
x x y y
ab


)
có dạng
00
;M x at y bt
.
Dựa vào giả thiết vuông( tích vô hướng), tam giác cân ( độ dài bằng nhau), khoảng cách,
góc... suy ra
.t
2. Bài tp minh ha.
Bài tp 17. Cho đường thng
:2 3 0d x y
. Tìm điểm
M
trên
d
sao cho
a).
25MA
vi
3; 1A
.
b).
2
19
MA
MB
vi
0;1A
3; 1B
.
c).
22
23
MM
xy
.
Li gii
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 18. Cho đường thng
: 3 1 0d x y
. Tìm điểm
M
trên
d
sao cho
a).
; 3 2dM
vi
: 3 0xy
.
b).
12
;;d M d M
, vi
12
: 2 1 0; 2 4 0x y x y
;
Li gii
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Bài tp 19. Cho 2 điểm
1;0 , 2;3AB
, đường thng
12
:
3
xt
d
yt

. Tìm to độ đim
C
trên
d
sao cho tam giác
ABC
vuông ti
A
.
Li gii
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Bài tp 20. Cho 2 điểm
1;4 ,N 5; 4M 
, đường thng
1
:
23
xt
d
yt


.
Tìm to độ đim
A
trên
d
sao cho tam giác
AMN
vuông ti
A
.
Li gii
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
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Bài tp 21. Cho đường thng
12
: ; 3; 1 , 1; 3
13
xt
d B C
yt

.
Tìm to độ đim
A
trên
d
sao cho
,,A B C
thng hàng.
Li gii
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Bài tp 22. Cho đường thng
22
:
12
xt
yt

và điểm
3;1M
.
Tìm điểm
B
trên
sao cho
MB
ngn nht.
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Bài tp 23. Cho tam giác
ABC
vi
1;0 , 2;3 ,C 3; 6AB
đường thng
: 2 3 0d x y
.
Tìm điểm
M
trên
d
sao cho
MA MB MC
nh nht.
Li gii
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 24. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa đ
Oxy
, cho điểm
0;2A
đường thẳng
: 2 2 0d x y
. Tìm trên đường thẳng
d
hai điểm
B
,
C
sao cho tam giác
vuông
B
thỏa mãn
2AB BC
.
Li gii
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Bài tp 25. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho hai điểm
1;1A
,
4; 3B
đường
thẳng
: 2 1 0d x y
. Tìm tọa độ điểm
C
thuộc
d
sao cho khoảng cách từ
C
đến đường thẳng
AB
bằng 6.
Li gii
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 26. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho đường thẳng
: 3 6 0d x y
điểm
3;4N
. Tìm tọa độ điểm
M
thuộc
d
sao cho tam giác
OMN
(
O
gốc ta độ) diện tích
bằng
15
2
.
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3. Câu hi trc nghim.
u 114. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho hai điểm
1;1A
,
4; 3B
đường thẳng
: 2 1 0d x y
. Tìm điểm
M
thuộc
d
tọa độ nguyên thỏa mãn khoảng cách từ
M
đến
đường thẳng
AB
bằng
6
.
A.
3;7 .M
B.
7;3 .M
C.
43; 27 .M 
D.
.
27
11
3;M



Li gii.
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u 115. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho điểm
0;1A
và đường thẳng
2
:
2
3y
d
xt
t


.
Tìm điểm
M
thuộc
d
và cách
A
một khoảng bằng
5
, biết
M
có hoành độ âm.
A.
4;4 .M
B.
4;4
.
24 2
;
55
M
M




C.
24 2
;.
55
M




D.
4;4 .M
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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u 116. Biết rằng đúng hai điểm thuộc trục hoành cách đường thẳng
:2 5 0xy
một khoảng bằng
25
. Tích hoành độ của hai điểm đó bằng:
A.
B.
C.
225
.
4
D. Đáp số khác.
Li gii.
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u 117. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho hai điểm
3; 1A
0;3B
.
Tìm điểm
M
thuộc trục hnh sao cho khoảng cách t
M
đến đưng thng
AB
bằng
1
.
A.
7
;0
2
.
1;0
M
M



B.
14
;0
3
.
4
;0
3
M
M






C.
7
;0
2
.
1;0
M
M



D.
14
;0
3
.
4
;0
3
M
M






Li gii.
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u 118. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho hai điểm
3;0A
0; 4B
.
Tìm điểm
M
thuộc trục tung sao cho diện tích tam giác
MAB
bằng
6.
A.
0;0
.
0; 8
M
M
B.
0; 8 .M
C.
6;0 .M
D.
0;0
.
0;6
M
M
Li gii.
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
86
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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u 184. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho hai đường thẳng
1
:3 2 6 0xy
2
:3 2 3 0xy
. Tìm điểm
M
thuộc trục hoành sao cho
M
cách đều hai đường thẳng đã
cho.
A.
1
0; .
2
M



B.
1
;0 .
2
M



C.
1
;0 .
2
M



D.
2;0 .M
Li gii.
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Câu 185. Trong mặt phẳng với htọa độ
Oxy
, cho hai điểm
2;2 ,A
4; 6B
đường thẳng
:
12
xt
d
yt

. m điểm
M
thuộc
d
sao cho
M
ch đều hai điểm
, .AB
A.
3;7 .M
B.
3; 5 .M 
C.
2;5 .M
D.
2; 3M 
Li gii.
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Câu 186. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho hai điểm
1;2 ,A
3;2B
đường thẳng
:2 3 0d x y
. m điểm
C
thuộc
d
sao cho tam gc
cân tại
.C
A.
2; 1 .C 
B.
3
;0 .
2
C



C.
1;1 .C
D.
0;3C
Li gii.
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
87
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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u 187. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho hai điểm
1;2 ,A
0;3B
đường thẳng
:2dy
. Tìm điểm
C
thuộc
d
sao cho tam giác
cân tại
.B
A.
1;2 .C
B.
4;2 .C
C.
1;2
.
1;2
C
C
D.
1;2 .C
Li gii.
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DNG 3. Lập phương trình đường thng
véc tơ pháp tuyến
22
; , 0n A B A B
thỏa mãn điểu kiện cho trưc (khong cách hay góc).
1. Phương pháp.
ớc 1. Đường thẳng
:0Ax B Cx
có véc tơ pháp tuyến
22
; , 0n A B A B
rồi
nên chỉ tìm
C
.
Bước 2. Tìm
C
dựa vào giả thiết khoảng cách, góc... suy ra
C
.
2. Bài tp minh ha.
Bài tp 26. Viết phương trình đường thẳng
d
song song với đường thẳng
:3 4 1 0xy
cách
một khoảng bằng
1
.
Li gii
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Bài tp 27. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, viết phương trình đường thẳng
song song
với đường thẳng
:2 2015 0d x y
cắt hai trục toạ độ tại
M
N
sao cho
35MN
.
Li gii
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
88
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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DNG 4. Lập phương trình đường thng
đi qua điểm
00
;M x y
thỏa mãn điểu kin cho
trưc (khong cách hay góc).
1. Phương pháp.
ớc 1. Gọi đường thẳng
có véc tơ pháp tuyến
22
; , 0n A B A B
và đi qua
00
;M x y
có dng
0 0 0 0
0 0 .A x x B y y Ax by C C Ax By
Bước 2. Tìm
22
; , 0n A B A B
dựa vào giả thiết khoảng cách, góc...
Bước 3. Đưa về phương trình bậc hai theo ẩn
22
1.0A A B B
Để giải phương trình
1
ta xét:
0B 
A
0B
: chia hai vế phương trình
1
cho
2
B
ta được:
2
1
2
. . 0
A
t
AA
B
A
BB
t
B





2. Bài tp minh ha.
Bài tp 28. Viết phương trình đường thẳng
d
biết
d
đi qua điểm
1; 1M
và cách điểm
3; 6A
một khoảng bằng
2
.
Li gii
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Bài tp 29. Cho đường thng
:3 2 1 0d x y
1;2M
.
Viết phương trình đường thng
đi qua
M
và to vi
d
mt góc
45
o
.
Li gii.
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
89
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 30. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, viết phương trình đường thẳng
đi qua
điểm
2;1M
và tạo với các trục tọa độ một tam giác có diện tích bằng
4
.
Li gii
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Bài tp 31. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, viết phương trình đường thẳng
đi qua
điểm
3;2M
và cắt tia
Ox
tại
A
, cắt tia
Oy
tại
B
sao cho
12OA OB
.
Li gii
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
90
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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DNG 5. Các bài toán liên qua đến tam giác, t giác.
1. Phương pháp.
Để xác định tọa độ điểm của một tam giác, tứ giác ta thường làm như sau:
Đặt tọa độ của một điểm dựa vào tính chất sau:
Điểm
M
thuộc đường thẳng
0
0
: , R
x x at
t
y y bt



( hoặc
00
:
x x y y
ab


)
có dạng
00
;M x at y bt
.
Dựa vào giả thiết vuông( tích vô hướng), tam giác cân ( độ dài bằng nhau), khoảng cách,
c... suy ra
.t
2. Bài tp minh ha.
Bài tp 30. Cho tam giác
biết
: 1 0AB x y
,
: 3 0AC x y
trng m
1;2G
.
Viết phương trình đường thng cha cnh BC.
Li gii
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
91
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
Bài tp 31. Biết hai cnh ca một hình bình hành phương trình
0xy
3 8 0xy
,
tọa độ một đỉnh ca hình bình hành
2;2
. Viết phương trình các cnh còn li ca hình bình
hành.
Li gii
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Bài tp 32. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho điểm
1;2M
hai đường thẳng
1
: 2 1 0d x y
,
2
:2 2 0d x y
. Viết phương trình đường thẳng
đi qua
M
và cắt
1
d
tại
A
,
cắt
2
d
tại
B
sao cho
2MA MB
.
Li gii
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Bài tp 33. Cho tam giác
ABC
, tìm tọa độ các đỉnh của tam giác trong trường hp sau
a). Biết
2;2A
và hai đường cao có phương trình
1
: 2 0d x y
2
; :9 3 4 0 d x y
.
b). Biết
(4; 1)A
, phương trình đường cao k t
B
:2 3 0xy
;
phương trình trung tuyến đi qua đỉnh
C
:2 3 0xy
Li gii
Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
92
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 34. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho tam giác
tọa đđỉnh
1;0A
hai đường thẳng chứa các đường cao kẻ từ
B
C
có phương trình lần lượt là
1
: 2 1 0d x y
2
:3 1 0d x y
. Tìm tọa độ đỉnh
B
C
.
Lời giải
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
93
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 35. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho tam giác
phương trình cạnh
: 9 0BC x y
, đường cao qua đỉnh
B
C
lần lượt phương trình
1
: 2 13 0d x y
,
2
:7 5 49 0d x y
. Tìm tọa độ đỉnh
A
.
Lời giải
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Bài tp 36. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho tam giác
1;3A
hai đường
trung tuyến là
': 2 1 0BB x y
,
': 1 0CC y 
. Xác định tọa độ đỉnh
B
C
.
Lời giải
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
94
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 37. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho tam giác
ABC
biết phương trình cạnh
: 2 5 0BC x y
, phương trình đường trung tuyến
': 2 0BB y 
phương trình đương
trung tuyến
':2 2 0CC x y
. Tìm tọa độ các đỉnh của tam giác.
Lời giải
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Bài tp 38. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho tam giác
1;5A
,
4; 5B 
4; 1C
. Viết phương trình đường phân giác trong và phân giác ngoài của góc
A
.
Lời giải
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
95
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 39. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho tam giác
2; 4A
hai đường
phân giác trong của góc
B
C
phương trình lần lượt
1
: 2 0d x y
2
: 3 6 0d x y
. Tìm tọa độ điểm
B
C
.
Lời giải
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
96
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 40. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho tam giác
biết trung điểm của các
cạnh
AB
,
BC
CA
lần lượt là
1;1M
,
0; 3N
3; 1P
. Viết phương trình đường trung
trực của đoạn
BC
.
Lời giải
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Bài tp 41. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho tam giác
2;4A
,
4;1B
2; 1C 
. Tìm tọa độ trực tâm
H
của tam giác.
Lời giải
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
Bài tp 42. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho tam giác
các đường trung bình
nằm trên các đường thẳng phương trình
1
: 2 1 0d x y
,
2
: 4 13 0d x y
3
: 2 1 0d x y
. Viết phương trình cạnh
AB
.
Lời giải
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Bài tp 43. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho tam giác
ABC
hai đường trung bình
kẻ từ trung điểm
M
của
AB
nằm trên các đường thẳng phương trình
1
: 4 7 0d x y
,
2
:3 2 9 0d x y
và tọa độ điểm
7;1B
. Tìm tọa độ điểm
C
.
Lời giải
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Bài tp 44. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho tam giác
ABC
4; 1C
, đường cao
trung tuyến kẻ từ đỉnh
A
phương trình lần lượt
1
: 2 3 12 0xyd
2
: 2 3 0xyd 
. Tìm
tọa độ điểm
B
.
Lời giải
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 45. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho tam giác
2;1A
, đường cao qua
đỉnh
B
đường trung tuyến qua đỉnh
C
lần lượt phương trình
1
: 3 7 0d x y
,
2
0: 1xyd
. Tìm tọa độ các đỉnh
B
C
.
Lời giải
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Bài tp 46. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho ba điểm
10;5 , 15; 5 , 20;0A B D
các đỉnh của hình thang cân
ABCD
trong đó
AB
song song với
CD
. Tìm tọa độ điểm
C
.
Lời giải
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
99
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 47. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho hình thang cân
ABCD
với
AB
song song
CD
AB CD
. Biết các đỉnh
0;2 , 2; 2AD
, giao điểm
I
của hai đường chéo
AC
BD
nằm trên đường thẳng
: 4 0d x y
sao cho
0
45AID
. Tìm tọa độ điểm
B
C
.
Lời giải
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Bài tp 48. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho hình bình hành
ABCD
, biết hai đường
chéo
AC
BD
lần lượt nằm trên hai đường thẳng
1
: 3 9 0d x y
,
2
: 3 3 0d x y
phương trình đường thẳng
: 9 0AB x y
. Tìm tọa độ điểm
C
.
Lời giải
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
100
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 49. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho hai đường thẳng
1
: 4 0d x y
,
2
: 2 2 0d x y
hai điểm
7;5A
,
2;3B
. Tìm điểm
C
trên đường thẳng
1
d
điểm
D
trên đường thẳng
2
d
sao cho tứ giác
ABCD
là hình bình hành.
Lời giải
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Bài tp 50. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho hình thoi
ABCD
0; –1 , 2;1AB
tâm
I
thuộc đường thẳng
: 1 0d x y
. Tìm tọa độ điểm
C
.
Lời giải
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 51. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho hình thoi
ABCD
phương trình cạnh
: 2 4 0AB x y
, phương trình cạnh
:2 2 0AD x y
. Điểm
2;2M
thuộc đường thẳng
BD
. Tìm tọa độ các đỉnh của hình thoi.
Lời giải
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Bài tp 52. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho hình chữ nhật
ABCD
tâm
1
;0
2
I



.
Phương trình đường thẳng
: 2 2 0AB x y 
2AB AD
. Tìm toạ độ các đỉnh của hình chữ
nhật, biết đỉnh
A
có hoành độ âm.
Lời giải
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 53. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho hình chữ nhật
ABCD
điểm
6;2I
giao điểm của hai đường chéo
AC
BD
. Điểm
1;5M
thuộc đường thẳng
AB
trung điểm
E
của cạnh
CD
thuộc đường thẳng
: 5 0d x y
. Viết phương trình đường thẳng
AB
.
Lời giải
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Bài tp 54. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho hình vuông
ABCD
1;1A
4;2M
là trung điểm cạnh
BC
. Tìm tọa độ điểm
B
.
Lời giải
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
103
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 55. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho hình vuông
ABCD
trong đó
A
thuộc
đường thẳng
1
: 1 0d x y
C
,
D
nằm trên đường thẳng
2
: 2 3 0d x y
. Tìm tọa độ
điểm
C
, biết hình vuông có diện tích bằng 5 và điểm
A
có hoành độ dương.
Lời giải
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
DNG 6. i toán cc tr-Tìm giá tri ln nht, nh nht.
1. Phương pháp.
Ta áp dụng một số kiến thức sau:
Điểm
M
thuộc đường thẳng
0
0
: , R
x x at
t
y y bt



( hoặc
00
:
x x y y
ab


)
Suy ra có dạng
00
;M x at y bt
.
2
2
f x ax bx c a x h k k
hoặc
2
2
f x ax bx c a x h k k
Trong tam giác vuông cạnh huyền là cạnh lớn nhất:
AB AC
Định lý cosi: cho hai số
0, 0ab
ta có
2.a b a b
. Dấu bằng xảy ra khi
.ab
Hệ Qủa của định lý cosi: cho hai số
0, 0ab
ta có
2
.
2
ab
ab



.
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi
.ab
2. Bài tp minh ha.
Bài tp 56. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho đường thẳng
: 2 4 0d x y
điểm
1;4A
. Tìm tọa độ điểm
M
thuộc
d
sao cho
MA
nhỏ nhất.
Lời giải
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Bài tp 57. Trong mt phng vi h tọa độ
Oxy
, cho đường thng
: 2 4 0d x y
hai
đim
1;4A
,
9;0B
. Tìm điểm
M
thuc
d
sao cho
3MA MB
nh nht.
Lời giải
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C
B
A
đường cao
cạnh huyền
Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 58. Trong mt phng vi h tọa độ
Oxy
, cho đường thng
: 2 4 0d x y
hai
đim
1;4A
,
1
8;
2
B



. Tìm điểm
M
thuc
d
sao cho
22
52MA MB
nh nht.
Lời giải
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Bài tp 59. Trong mt phng vi h tọa độ
Oxy
, cho đường thng
: 2 2 0d x y
hai
đim
3;4A
,
1;2B
. Tìm điểm
M
thuc
d
sao cho
22
2MA MB
ln nht.
Li gii
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
Bài tp 60. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho hai điểm
1;4A
3;5B
. Viết phương
trình đường thẳng
d
đi qua
A
và cách
B
một khoảng lớn nhất.
Lời giải
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Bài tp 61. Trong mt phng vi h tọa độ
Oxy
, cho đường thng
: 2 4 0d x y
hai
đim
1;4A
,
8;3B
. Tìm điểm
M
thuc
d
sao cho
MA MB
nh nht.
Li gii
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 62. Trong mt phng vi h tọa độ
Oxy
, cho đưng thng
: 2 4 0d x y
hai
đim
1;4A
,
8;3B
. Tìm điểm
M
thuc
d
sao cho tam giác
ABM
có chu vi nh nht.
Li gii
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Bài tp 63. Trong mt phng vi h tọa độ
Oxy
, cho đưng thng
: 2 4 0d x y
hai
đim
1;4A
,
3;2B
. Tìm điểm
M
thuc
d
sao cho
MA MB
ln nht.
Li gii
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Bài tp 64. Trong mt phng vi h tọa độ
Oxy
, cho điểm
2;1A
. Lấy điểm
B
thuc
Ox
hoành độ không âm và điểm
C
thuc
Oy
có tung độ không âm sao cho tam giác
vuông ti
A
. Tìm tọa độ đim
B
C
sao cho din tích tam giác
a). Ln nht. b). Nh nht.
Li gii
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 65. Trong mt phng vi h tọa độ
Oxy
, viết phương trình đường thẳng đi qua
3;2M
ct tia
Ox
ti
A
và tia
Oy
ti
B
sao cho din tích tam giác
OAB
đạt giá tr nh nht.
Li gii
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 66. Trong mt phng vi h tọa độ
Oxy
, viết phương trình đường thng
d
đi qua
4;1M
và ct chiều dương các trục
Ox
,
Oy
lần lượt ti
A
B
sao cho
OA OB
nh nht.
Li gii
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Bài tp 67. Trong mt phng vi h tọa độ
Oxy
, viết phương trình đường thng
d
đi qua
3;1M
và ct chiều dương các trục
Ox
,
Oy
lần lượt ti
A
B
sao cho
12 9OA OB
nh nht.
Li gii
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
110
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 68. Trong mt phng vi h tọa độ
Oxy
, viết phương trình đường thng
d
đi qua
4;3M
và ct các trc
Ox
,
Oy
lần lượt ti
A
B
khác
O
sao cho
22
11
OA OB
nh nht.
Li gii
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
111
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 69. Trong mt phng vi h tọa độ
Oxy
, viết phương trình đường thng
d
đi qua
2; 1M
và ct các trc
Ox
,
Oy
lần lượt ti
A
B
khác
O
sao cho
22
94
OA OB
nh nht.
Li gii
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Bài tp 70. Trong mt phng vi h tọa độ
Oxy
, cho điểm
0;2M
và hai đường thng
1
:3 2 0d x y
,
2
: 3 4 0d x y
. Gi
A
giao điểm ca
1
d
2
d
. Viết phương trình đường
thng
d
đi qua
M
và cắt hai đường thng
1
d
,
2
d
lần lượt ti
B
,
C
(
B
C
khác
A
) sao cho
22
11
AB AC
đạt giá tr nh nht.
Li gii
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 71. Trong mt phng vi h tọa độ
Oxy
, cho ba điểm
1;1A
,
3;2B
7;10C
. Viết
phương trình đường thng
d
qua
A
sao cho tng khong cách t
B
C
đến
d
là ln nht.
Li gii
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 72. Trong mt phng vi h tọa độ
Oxy
, cho tam giác
cân ti
A
phương
trình cnh
: 2 2 0AB x y
, phương trình cạnh
:2 1 0AC x y
, điểm
1;2M
thuộc đoạn
BC
. Tìm tọa độ đim
D
sao cho
.DB DC
có giá tr nh nht.
Li gii
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Bài tp 73. Trong mt phng vi h tọa độ
Oxy
, cho hai điểm
0;1 A
,
2; –1B
hai đưng
thẳng phương trình
1
: 1 2 2 0d m x m y m
,
2
: 2 1 3 5 0d m x m y m
.
Chng minh
1
d
2
d
luôn ct nhau ti
P
. Tìm
m
sao cho
PA PB
ln nht.
Li gii
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Khoảng CáchGóc
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 74. Mt miếng giy hình tam giác
ABC
din tích
S
I
trung điểm
BC
O
trung điểm ca
AI
. Ct miếng giy theo một đường thng qua
O
, đường thẳng này đi qua
M
,
N
lần lượt trên các cnh
AB
,
AC
. Khi đó din tích miếng giy chứa điểm
A
din tích thuc
đon.
A.
;
43
SS



. B.
;
32
SS



. C.
3
;
82
SS



. D.
3
;
48
SS



.
Li gii
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Phương Trình Đường Tròn
115
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
A. LÝ THUYT.
I. Phương trình đường tròn.
Phương trình đường tròn
C
tâm
;I a b
, bán kính
R
2 2 2
( ) ( )x a y b R
.
Dạng khai triển của
C
22
2 2 0 x y ax by c
với
22
0R a b c
.
Phương trình
22
2 2 0 x y ax by c
với điều kiện
22
0a b c
, là phương trình đường
tròn tâm
;I a b
bán kính
22
R a b c
.
d 1. Trong các phương trình sau, phương trình nào biểu diễn đường tròn? Tìm tâm và
bán kính nếu có.
a).
22
2 4 9 0x y x y
1
b).
22
6 4 13 0x y x y
2
c).
22
2 2 6 4 1 0x y x y
3
d).
22
2 2 3 9 0x y x y
4
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Ví d 2. Cho phương trình
22
2 4 2 6 0x y mx m y m
1
a). Tìm điều kiện của
m
để
1
là phương trình đường tròn.
b). Nếu
1
là phương trình đường tròn hãy tìm toạ độ tâm và bán kính theo
.m
Li gii
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R
a;b
( )
I
M
§BI 3. PHƯƠNG TRÌNH ĐƯNG TRÒN
Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Phương Trình Đường Tròn
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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II. Tương giao của đường tròn.
1. Vị trí tương đối của điểm
M
đường tròn
.C
Cho đường tròn
C
tâm
;I a b
, bán kính
R
và điểm
00
;M x y
.
Khi đó độ dài hai điểm
I
M
22
00
IM x a y b
. Ta xét
M
nằm ngoài đường tròn
.C
M
thuộc đường tròn
.C
M
nằm trong đường tròn
.C
IM R
IM R
IM R
2. Vị ttương đối của đường thẳng
đường tròn
.C
Cho đường tròn
C
tâm
;I a b
, bán kính
R
và đường thẳng
22
: 0 0.Ax By C A B
Khi đó khoảng cách từ tâm
I
đến
;
22
I
aA bB C
d
AB

. Ta xét
không cắt đường tròn
.C
tiếp xúc đường tròn
.C
cắt đường tròn
C
tại
,.MN
;I
dR
;I
dR
;I
dR
3. Vị ttương đối của hai đường tròn
1
C
2
C
Cho đường tròn
1
C
tâm
1 1 1
;I a b
, bán kính
1
.R
Cho đường tròn
2
C
tâm
2 2 2
;I a b
, bán kính
2
.R
Khi đó
22
1 2 2 1 2 1
I I a a b b
ta xét các trường hợp:
R
a;b
( )
I
M
a;b
( )
R
M
I
a;b
( )
R
I
M
a;b
( )
R
I
H
R
a;b
( )
I
H
a;b
( )
R
N
M
I
H
Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Phương Trình Đường Tròn
117
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
1
C
không cắt
2
C
và ở
ngoài nhau.
1
C
tiếp xúc
2
C
1
C
cắt
2
C
tại
,.AB
1 2 1 2
I I R R
1 2 1 2
I I R R
' ' 'R R II R R
1
C
không cắt
2
C
và lồng
vào nhau.
1
C
tiếp xúc trong với
2
C
1 2 1 2
I I R R
1 2 1 2
I I R R
Ví d 3. Cho đường thẳng
: 1 0xy
và đường tròn
22
: 4 2 4 0C x y x y
a). Chứng minh điểm
2;1M
nằm trong đường tròn.
b). Xét vị trí tương đối giữa
.C
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Ví d 4. Trong mặt phẳng
Oxy
, cho hai đường tròn
22
: 2 6 15 0C x y x y
22
' : 6 2 3 0C x y x y
. Chứng minh rằng hai đường tròn cắt nhau tại hai điểm phân biệt
,.AB
Li gii
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a
2
;
b
2
R
2
R
1
a
1
;
b
1
I
1
I
2
a
1
;
b
1
R
1
R
2
a
2
;
b
2
I
1
I
2
a
2
;
b
2
R
2
R
1
a
1
;
b
1
B
A
I
1
I
2
a
1
;
b
1
R
1
R
2
a
2
;
b
2
I
1
I
2
a
2
;
b
2
R
2
R
1
a
1
;
b
1
I
1
I
2
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Ví d 5. Cho đường tròn
22
( ): 2 4 4 0C x y x y
có tâm
I
và đường thẳng
: 2 1 2 0x my
. Tìm
m
để đường thẳng
cắt đường tròn
C
tại hai điểm phân biệt
,.AB
Li gii
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Ví d 6. Biện luận số giao điểm của
C
d
trong đó
22
: 3 2 0, : 4 2 0d mx y m C x y x y
.
Li gii
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Ví d 7. Cho hai đường tròn:
22
:1C x y
22
: 2 1 4 5 0
m
C x y m x my
.
Xác định
m
để
m
C
tiếp xúc với
C
.
Li gii
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III. Phương trình tiếp tuyến của đường tròn.
Cho đường tròn
C
có tâm
;I a b
và bán kính
.R
Đường thẳng
là tiếp tuyến với
C
tại điểm
0 0 0
;M x y
.
Ta có
0 0 0
;M x y
thuộc
.
0 0 0
;IM x a y b
là vectơ pháp tuyến của
.
Do đó
có phương trình là
0 0 0 0
. 0x a x x y b y y
Ví d 8. Cho đường tròn
C
có phương trình
22
6 2 6 0x y x y
và điểm hai điểm
1; 1 ; 1;3AB
a). Chứng minh rằng điểm
A
thuộc đường tròn, điểm
B
nằm ngoài đường tròn.
b). Viết phương trình tiếp tuyến của
C
tại điểm
A
.
c). Viết phương trình tiếp tuyến của
C
kẻ từ
B
.
Lời giải
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a;b
( )
R
I
M
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Nhận xét: ta sử dụng điều kiện tiếp xúc của
C
với
:
;
22
I
aA bB C
d
AB

để viết phương
trình tiếp tuyến mà chưa cho tiếp điểm
0 0 0
;M x y
hoặc
0 0 0
;M x y C
.
d 9. Viết phương trình tiếp tuyến
của đường tròn
22
: 4 4 1 0C x y x y
trong
trường
a). Đường thẳng
vuông góc với đường thẳng
': 2 3 4 0xy
.
b). Đường thẳng
hợp với trục hoành một góc
0
45
.
Lời giải
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B. CÁC DNG TOÁN VÀ PƠNG PHÁP GIẢI.
DNG 1. Nhn dạng pơng trình đường tròn.
1. Phương pháp.
ch 1:
Đưa phương trình về dạng:
22
: 2 2 0 C x y ax by c
1
Thực hiện phương pháp đồng nhất thức suy ra tâm
22
;;
22
ab
I I a b





.
Bán kính
22
R a b c
Nếu
22
0a b c
thì
1
là phương trình đường tròn
C
có tâm
;I a b
và bán kính
22
R a b c
.
Nếu
22
0a b c
thì
1
không phải là phương trình đường tròn
C
.
ch 2: Đưa phương trình về dạng:
22
( ) ( )x a y b P
2
.
Thực hiện phép biến đổi hằng đẳng thức đáng nhớ
2
22
2A B A AB B
.
Bán kính
RP
Nếu
0P
thì
2
là phương trình đường tròn có tâm
;I a b
và bán kính
RP
Nếu
0P
thì
2
không phải là phương trình đường tròn.
2. Bài tp minh ha.
Bài tp 1. Trong các phương trình sau đây, phương trình nào là phương trình của một đường
tròn. Xác định tâm và tính bán kính của nó.
a).
22
4 2 6 0x y x y
. b).
22
6 8 16 0x y x y
.
c).
22
4 5 1 0x y x y
. d).
22
2 2 3 2 0x y x
Li gii
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Bài tp 2. Cho phương trình :
2 2 2
6 2( 1) 11 2 4 0x y mx m y m m
.
a). Tìm điều kiện của
m
để phương trình trên là phương trình đường tròn.
b). Tìm quỹ tích tâm đường tròn.
Li gii
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Bài tp 3. Cho phương trình
()
m
C
:
22
2( 1) 2( 3) 2 0x y m x m y
.
a). Tìm
m
để
()
m
C
là phương trình của một đường tròn.
b). Tìm
m
để
()
m
C
là đường tròn tâm
(1; 3).I
Viết phương trình đường tròn này.
c). Tìm
m
để
()
m
C
đường tròn có bán kính
5 2.R
Viết phương trình đường tròn đó.
Li gii
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Bài tp 4. Cho
1;0 , 2;4AB
4;1C
. Chứng minh rằng tập hợp các điểm
M
thoả mãn
2 2 2
32MA MB MC
là một đường tròn
C
. Tìm tọa độ tâm và tính bán kính của
C
.
Li gii
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Bài tp 5. Cho phương trình đường cong
()
m
C
:
22
2 4 1 0x y m x m y m
2
a). Chứng minh rằng
2
là phương trình một đường tròn.
b). Tìm tập hợp tâm các đường tròn khi
m
thay đổi.
c). Chứng minh rằng khi
m
thay đổi họ các đường tròn
()
m
C
luôn đi qua hai điểm cố định.
Lời giải
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3. Câu hi trc nghim.
u 1. Tọa độ tâm
I
và bán kính
R
của đường tròn
22
: 1 3 16C x y
là:
A.
1;3 , 4.IR
B.
1; 3 , 4.IR
C.
1; 3 , 16.IR
D.
1;3 , 16.IR
Li gii.
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u 2. Tọa độ tâm
I
và bán kính
R
của đường tròn
2
2
: 4 5C x y
là:
A.
0; 4 , 5.IR
B.
0; 4 , 5.IR
C.
0;4 , 5.IR
D.
0;4 , 5.IR
Li gii.
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u 3. Tọa độ tâm
I
và bán kính
R
của đường tròn
2
2
: 1 8C x y
là:
A.
1;0 , 8.IR
B.
1;0 , 64.IR
C.
1;0 , 2 2.IR
D.
1;0 , 2 2.IR
Li gii.
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u 4. Tọa độ tâm
I
và bán kính
R
của đường tròn
22
:9C x y
là:
A.
0;0 , 9.IR
B.
0;0 , 81.IR
C.
1;1 , 3.IR
D.
0;0 , 3.IR
Li gii.
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u 5. Đường tròn
22
: 6 2 6 0C x y x y
có tâm
I
và bán kính
R
lần lượt là:
A.
3; 1 , 4.IR
B.
3;1 , 4.IR
C.
3; 1 , 2.IR
D.
3;1 , 2.IR
Li gii.
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u 6. Đường tròn
22
: 4 6 12 0C x y x y
có tâm
I
và bán kính
R
lần lượt là:
A.
2; 3 , 5.IR
B.
2;3 , 5.IR
C.
4;6 , 5.IR
D.
2;3 , 1.IR
Li gii.
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u 7. Tọa độ tâm
I
và bán kính
R
của đường tròn
22
: 4 2 3 0C x y x y
là:
A.
2; 1 , 2 2.IR
B.
2;1 , 2 2.IR
C.
2; 1 , 8.IR
D.
2;1 , 8.IR
Li gii.
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Câu 8. Tọa đ tâm
I
và bán nh
R
của đường tròn
22
:2 2 8 4 1 0C x y x y
:
A.
21
2;1 , .
2
IR
B.
22
2; 1 , .
2
IR
C.
4; 2 , 21.IR
D.
4; 2 , 19.IR
Li gii.
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Câu 9. Tọa đ tâm
I
và bán nh
R
của đường tròn
22
:16 16 16 8 11 0C x y x y
:
A.
8;4 , 91.IR
B.
8; 4 , 91.IR
C.
8;4 , 69.IR
D.
11
; , 1.
24
IR




Li gii.
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u 10. Tọa độ tâm
I
và bán kính
R
của đường tròn
22
: 10 11 0C x y x
là:
A.
10;0 , 111.IR
B.
10;0 , 89.IR
C.
5;0 , 6.IR
D.
5;0 , 6.IR
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Li gii.
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u 11. Tọa độ tâm
I
và bán kính
R
của đường tròn
22
: 5 0C x y y
là:
A.
0;5 , 5.IR
B.
0; 5 , 5.IR
C.
55
0; , .
22
IR



D
55
0; , .
22
IR




Li gii.
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u 12. Đường tròn
22
: 1 2 25C x y
có dạng khai triển là:
A.
22
: 2 4 30 0.C x y x y
B.
22
: 2 4 20 0.C x y x y
C.
22
: 2 4 20 0.C x y x y
D.
22
: 2 4 30 0.C x y x y
Li gii.
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u 13. Đường tròn
22
: 12 14 4 0C x y x y
có dạng tổng quát là:
A.
22
: 6 7 9.C x y
B.
22
: 6 7 81.C x y
C.
22
: 6 7 89.C x y
D.
22
: 6 7 89.C x y
Li gii.
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u 14. Tâm của đường tròn
22
: 10 1 0C x y x
cách trục
Oy
một khoảng bằng:
A.
5
. B.
0
. C.
10
. D.
5
.
Li gii.
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u 15. Cho đường tròn
22
: 5 7 3 0C x y x y
. Tính khoảng cách từ tâm của
C
đến
trục
Ox
.
A.
5
. B.
7
. C.
3,5
. D.
2,5
.
Li gii.
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u 16. Cho phương trình
22
2 2 0 1x y ax by c
.
Điều kiện để
1
là phương trình đường tròn là:
A.
22
a b c
. B.
22
a b c
. C.
22
a b c
. D.
22
a b c
.
Li gii.
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u 17. Trong các phương trình sau, phương trình nào là phương trình của một đường tròn?
A.
22
4 10 6 2 0.x y x y
B.
22
2 8 20 0.x y x y
C.
22
2 4 8 1 0.x y x y
D.
22
4 6 12 0.x y x y
Li gii.
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u 48. Trong các phương trình sau, phương trình nào là phương trình của một đường tròn?
A.
22
2 4 9 0.x y x y
B.
22
6 4 13 0.x y x y
C.
22
2 2 8 4 6 0.x y x y
D.
22
5 4 4 1 0.x y x y
Li gii.
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u 49. Trong các phương trình sau, phương trình nào là phương trình của một đường tròn?
A.
22
90x y x y
. B.
22
0x y x
.
C.
22
2 1 0.x y xy
D.
22
2 3 1 0.x y x y
Li gii.
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u 50. Trong các phương trình sau, phương trình nào không phải phương trình của đường
tròn?
A.
22
4 0.x y x y
B.
22
100 1 0.x y y
C.
22
2 0.xy
D.
22
0.xyy
Li gii.
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u 51. Cho phương trình
2 2 2
2 2 1 2 0 1x y mx m y m
. Tìm điều kiện của
m
để
1
là phương trình đường tròn.
A.
1
2
m
. B.
1
2
m
. C.
1m
. D.
1m
.
Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Phương Trình Đường Tròn
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
Li gii.
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u 52. Cho phương trình
22
2 4 2 6 0 1x y mx m y m
. Tìm điều kiện của
m
để
1
là phương trình đường tròn.
A.
.m
B.
;1 2; .m 
C.
;1 2; .m  
D.
1
; 2; .
3
m

 


Li gii.
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u 53. Cho phương trình
22
2 2 10 0 1x y x my
. Có bao nhiêu giá trị
m
nguyên dương
không vượt quá 10 để
1
là phương trình của đường tròn?
A. Không có. B.
6
. C.
7
. D.
8
.
Li gii.
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u 54. Cho phương trình
22
8 10 0 1x y x y m
. Tìm điều kiện của
m
để
1
là phương
trình đường tròn có bán kính bằng
7
.
A.
4m
. B.
8m
. C.
–8m
. D.
= 4m
.
Li gii.
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u 55. Cho phương trình
22
4 2 1 1 0 1x y m x y
. Với giá trị nào của
m
đ
1
phương trình đường tròn có bán kính nhỏ nhất?
A.
2.m
B.
1.m 
C.
1.m
D.
2.m 
Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Phương Trình Đường Tròn
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
Li gii.
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DNG 2. Lp phương trình đường tròn.
1. Phương pháp.
ch 1:
Tìm toạ độ tâm
;I a b
của đường tròn
.C
Tìm bán kính
R
của đường tròn
.C
Viết phương trình của
C
theo dạng
2 2 2
( ) ( )x a y b R
.
ch 2:
Giả sử phương trình đường tròn
C
là:
22
2 2 0 x y ax by c
(Hoặc
22
2 2 0 x y ax by c
).
Từ điều kiện của đề bài thành lập hệ phương trình với ba ẩn là
,,abc
.
Giải hệ để tìm
,,abc
từ đó tìm được phương trình đường tròn
C
.
2. Bài tp minh ha.
Bài tp 6. Viết phương trình đường tròn trong mỗi trường hợp sau:
a). Có tâm
1; 5I
và đi qua
0;0 .O
b). Nhận
AB
làm đường kính với
1;1 , 7;5AB
.
c). Đi qua ba điểm:
2;4 , 5;5 , 6; 2M N P
Lời giải
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 7. Viết phương trình đường tròn
C
trong các trường hợp sau:
a).
C
có tâm
1;2I
và tiếp xúc với đường thẳng
: 2 7 0.xy
b).
C
đi qua
2; 1A
và tiếp xúc với hai trục toạ độ
Ox
.Oy
c).
C
tâm nằm trên đường thẳng
: 6 10 0d x y
tiếp xúc với hai đường thẳng
phương trình
1
:3 4 5 0d x y
2
: 4 3 5 0d x y
.
Lời giải
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Bài tp 8. Cho hai điểm
8;0A
0;6B
.
a). Viết phương trình đường tròn ngoại tiếp tam giác
.OAB
b). Viết phương trình đường tròn nội tiếp tam giác
.OAB
Lời giải
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Bài tp 9. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, viết phương trình đường tròn
C
đi qua ba
điểm
3; 1A 
,
1;3B
2;2C
.
Lời giải
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Bài tp 10. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho đường thẳng
:2 5 0d x y
hai
điểm
1;2 , 4;1AB
. Viết phương trình đường tròn
C
tâm thuộc
d
đi qua hai điểm
, AB
.
Lời giải
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Bài tp 11. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho hai đường thẳng
1
: 3 8 0d x y
,
2
:3 4 10 0d x y
và điểm
2;1A
. Viết phương trình đường tròn
C
có tâm thuộc
1
d
, đi qua
điểm
A
và tiếp xúc với
2
d
.
Lời giải
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Bài tp 12. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho hai điểm
–1;1 , 3;3AB
đường
thẳng
: 3 4 8 0d x y 
. Viết phương trình đường tròn
C
đi qua hai điểm
, AB
tiếp xúc
với
d
.
Lời giải
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Bài tp 13. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho đường thẳng
:2 4 0d x y
. Viết
phương trình đường tròn
C
tiếp xúc với các trục tọa độ và có tâm ở trên đường thẳng
d
.
Lời giải
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Bài tp 14. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho ba đường thẳng
: 6 10 0d x y
,
1
:3 4 5 0xy
2
: 4 3 5 0xy
. Viết phương trình đường tròn
C
tâm nằm trên
d
đồng thời tiếp xúc với
1
2
.
Lời giải
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Bài tp 15. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho hai đường thẳng
: 2 3 0d x y
: 3 5 0xy
. Viết phương trình đường tròn
C
có bán kính bằng
2 10
5
, có tâm thuộc
d
tiếp xúc với
.
Lời giải
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Bài tp 16. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho đường tròn
22
: 4 3 4 0C x y x
.
Tia
Oy
cắt
C
tại
A
. Viết phương trình đường tròn
'C
, bán kính
'2R
và tiếp xúc ngoài với
C
tại
A
.
Lời giải
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Bài tp 17. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho đường tròn
22
: 2 4 2 0C x y x y
. Viết phương trình đường tròn
'C
tâm
5;1M
, biết
'C
cắt
C
tại hai điểm
A
,
B
sao
cho
3AB
.
Lời giải
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 18. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho đường thẳng
: 1 0d x y
hai
đường tròn phương trình
22
1
: 3 4 8C x y
,
22
2
: 5 4 32C x y
. Viết
phương
trình đường tròn
C
có tâm
I
thuộc
d
và tiếp xúc ngoài với
1
C
2
C
.
Lời giải
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4. Câu hi trc nghim.
u 16. Đường tròn có tâm trùng với gốc tọa độ, bán kính
1R
có phương trình là:
A.
2
2
1 1.xy
B.
22
1.xy
C.
22
1 1 1.xy
D.
22
1 1 1.xy
Li gii.
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Phương Trình Đường Tròn
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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u 17. Đường tròn có tâm
1;2I
, bán kính
3R
có phương trình là:
A.
22
2 4 4 0.x y x y
B.
22
2 4 4 0.x y x y
C.
22
2 4 4 0.x y x y
D.
22
2 4 4 0.x y x y
Li gii.
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u 18. Đường tròn
C
có tâm
1; 5I
và đi qua
0;0O
có phương trình là:
A.
22
1 5 26.xy
B.
22
1 5 26.xy
C.
22
1 5 26.xy
D.
22
1 5 26.xy
Li gii.
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u 19. Đường tròn
C
có tâm
2;3I
và đi qua
2; 3M
có phương trình là:
A.
22
2 3 52.xy
B.
22
2 3 52.xy
C.
22
.4 6 57 0x y x y
D.
22
.4 6 39 0x y x y
Li gii.
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u 20. Đường tròn đường kính
AB
với
3; 1 , 1; 5AB
có phương trình là:
A.
22
2 3 5.xy
B.
22
1 2 17.xy
C.
22
2 3 5.xy
D.
22
2 3 5.xy
Li gii.
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u 21. Đường tròn đường kính
AB
với
1;1 , 7;5 AB
có phương trình là:
A.
22
8 6 12 0x y x y
. B.
22
8 6 12 0x y x y
.
C.
22
8 6 12 0x y x y
. D.
22
8 6 12 0x y x y
.
Li gii.
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Phương Trình Đường Tròn
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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u 22. Đường tròn
C
có tâm
2;3I
và tiếp xúc với trục
Ox
có phương trình là:
A.
22
2 3 9.xy
B.
22
2 3 4.xy
C.
22
2 3 3.xy
D.
22
2 3 9.xy
Li gii.
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u 23. Đường tròn
C
có tâm
2; 3I
và tiếp xúc với trục
Oy
có phương trình là:
A.
22
2 3 4.xy
B.
22
2 3 9.xy
C.
22
2 3 4.xy
D.
22
2 3 9.xy
Li gii.
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Câu 24. Đường tròn
C
m
2;1I
và tiếp xúc với đường thẳng
: 3 4 5 0xy
phương
trình là:
A.
22
2 1 1.xy
B.
22
1
2 1 .
25
xy
C.
22
2 1 1.xy
D.
22
2 1 4.xy
Li gii.
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Câu 25. Đưng tròn
C
m
1;2I
tiếp c với đưng thẳng
: 2 7 0xy
phương
trình là:
A.
22
4
1 2 .
25
xy
B.
22
4
1 2 .
5
xy
C.
22
2
1 2 .
5
xy
D.
22
1 2 5.xy
Li gii.
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u 26. Tìm tọa độ tâm
I
của đường tròn đi qua ba điểm
0;4A
,
2;4B
,
4;0C
.
A.
0;0I
. B.
1;0I
. C.
3;2I
. D.
1;1I
.
Li gii.
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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u 27. Tìm bán kính
R
của đường tròn đi qua ba điểm
0;4A
,
3;4B
,
3;0C
.
A.
5R
. B.
3R
. C.
10R
. D.
5
2
R
.
Li gii.
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u 28. Đường tròn
C
đi qua ba điểm
3; 1A 
,
1;3B
2;2C
có phương trình là:
A.
22
4 2 20 0.x y x y
B.
22
2 20 0.x y x y
C.
22
2 1 25.xy
D.
22
2 1 20.xy
Li gii.
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u 29. Cho tam giác
ABC
2;4 , 5;5 , 6; 2A B C
. Đường tròn ngoại tiếp tam giác
ABC
có phương trình là:
A.
22
2 20 0.x y x y
B.
22
2 1 20.xy
C.
22
4 2 20 0.x y x y
D.
22
4 2 20 0.x y x y
Li gii.
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u 30. Cho tam giác
ABC
1; 2 , 3;0 , 2; 2A B C
. Tam giác
ABC
nội tiếp đường tròn
có phương trình là:
A.
22
18 0.3 8x y x y
B.
22
18 0.3 8x y x y
C.
22
18 0.3 8x y x y
D.
22
3 8 18 0.x y x y
Li gii.
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u 31. Đường tròn
C
đi qua ba điểm
0;0O
,
8;0A
0;6B
có phương trình là:
A.
22
4 3 25.xy
B.
22
4 3 25.xy
C.
22
4 3 5.xy
D.
22
4 3 5.xy
Li gii.
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u 32. Đường tròn
C
đi qua ba điểm
0;0 , ;0 , 0;O A a B b
có phương trình là:
A.
22
20x y ax by
. B.
22
0x y ax by xy
.
C.
22
0.x y ax by
D.
22
0x y ay by
.
Li gii.
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u 33. Đường tròn
C
đi qua hai điểm
1;1A
,
5;3B
tâm
I
thuộc trục hoành
phương trình là:
A.
2
2
4 10.xy
B.
2
2
4 10.xy
C.
2
2
4 10.xy
D.
2
2
4 10.xy
Li gii.
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u 34. Đường tròn
C
đi qua hai điểm
1;1A
,
3;5B
và có tâm
I
thuộc trục tung có phương
trình là:
A.
22
8 6 0.x y y
B.
2
2
4 6.xy
C.
2
2
4 6.xy
D.
22
4 6 0.x y y
Li gii.
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 2. Phương Trình Đường Tròn
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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u 35. Đường tròn
C
đi qua hai điểm
1;2 , 2;3AB
tâm
I
thuộc đường thẳng
:3 10 0.xy
Phương trình của đường tròn
C
là:
A.
22
3 1 5.xy
B.
22
3 1 5.xy
C.
22
3 1 5.xy
D.
22
3 1 5.xy
Li gii.
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u 36. Đường tròn
C
tâm
I
thuộc đường thẳng
: 3 8 0d x y
, đi qua điểm
2;1A
tiếp xúc với đường thẳng
:3 4 10 0xy
. Phương trình của đường tròn
C
là:
A.
22
2 2 25xy
. B.
22
5 1 16xy
.
C.
22
2 2 9xy
. D.
22
1 3 25xy
.
Li gii.
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u 37. Đường tròn
C
tâm
I
thuộc đường thẳng
: 3 5 0d x y
, bán kính
22R
tiếp xúc với đường thẳng
: 1 0xy
. Phương trình của đường tròn
C
là:
A.
22
1 2 8xy
hoặc
2
2
58xy
.
B.
22
1 2 8xy
hoặc
2
2
58xy
.
C.
22
1 2 8xy
hoặc
2
2
58xy
.
D.
22
1 2 8xy
hoặc
2
2
58xy
.
Li gii.
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u 38. Đường tròn
C
tâm
I
thuộc đường thẳng
: 2 2 0d x y
, bán kính
5R
tiếp
xúc với đường thẳng
:3 4 11 0xy
. Biết tâm
I
hoành độ dương. Phương trình của
đường tròn
C
là:
A.
22
8 3 25xy
.
B.
22
2 2 25xy
hoặc
22
8 3 25xy
.
C.
22
2 2 25xy
hoặc
22
8 3 25xy
.
D.
22
8 3 25xy
.
Li gii.
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u 39. Đường tròn
C
có tâm
I
thuộc đường thẳng
22
2 2 0 1x y ax by c
và tiếp xúc
với hai trục tọa độ có phương trình là:
A.
22
2 2 4xy
.
B.
22
3 3 9xy
.
C.
22
2 2 4xy
hoặc
22
3 3 9xy
.
D.
22
2 2 4xy
hoặc
22
3 3 9xy
.
Li gii.
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u 40. Đường tròn
C
có tâm
1
thuộc đường thẳng
:5x
và tiếp xúc với hai đường thẳng
12
: 3 3 0, 3 9 0:d x y d x y
có phương trình là:
A.
22
5 2 40 xy
hoặc
22
5 8 10. xy
B.
22
5 2 40.xy
C.
22
5 8 10. xy
D.
22
5 2 40. xy
hoặc
22
0.5 18xy
Li gii.
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u 41. Đường tròn
C
đi qua điểm
1; 2A
tiếp xúc với đường thẳng
: 1 0xy
tại
1;2M
. Phương trình của đường tròn
C
là:
A.
2
2
6 29.xy
B.
2
2
5 20. xy
C.
2
2
4 13.xy
D.
2
2
3 8.xy
Li gii.
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u 42. Đường tròn
C
đi qua điểm
2;1M
tiếp xúc với hai trục tọa độ
, Ox Oy
phương
trình là:
A.
22
1 1 1xy
hoặc
22
5.5 25xy
B.
22
1 1 1xy
hoặc
22
5.5 25xy
C.
22
5.5 25xy
D.
22
1 1 1.xy 
Li gii.
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u 43. Đường tròn
C
đi qua điểm
2; 1M
và tiếp xúc với hai trục tọa độ
, Ox Oy
phương trình là:
A.
22
1 1 1. xy
hoặc
22
5.5 25xy
B.
22
1 1 1xy
.
C.
22
5.5 25xy
D.
22
1 1 1xy
hoặc
22
5.5 25xy
Li gii.
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u 44. Đường tròn
C
đi qua hai điểm
22
4 10 6 2 0.x y x y
và tiếp xúc với đường thẳng
:3 3 0xy
. Viết phương trình đường tròn
C
, biết tâm của
C
tọa độ những s
nguyên.
A.
22
3 7 12 0.x y x y
B.
22
6 4 5 0.x y x y
C.
22
8 2 10 0.x y x y
D.
22
2 8 20 0.x y x y
Li gii.
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u 45. Đường tròn
C
đi qua hai điểm
–1;1 , 3;3AB
tiếp xúc với
: 3 4 8 0d x y 
. Viết
phương trình đường tròn
C
, biết tâm của
C
có hoành độ nhỏ hơn
5.
A.
22
2 4 8 1 0.x y x y
B.
22
3 2 5.xy
C.
22
5 2 5.xy
D.
22
5 2 25xy
.
Li gii.
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DNG 3. Lập phương trình tiếp tuyến
với phương trình đường tròn
C
.
1. Phương pháp.
Cho đường tròn
C
tâm
;I a b
, bán kính
R
.
Nếu biết tiếp điểm
00
;M x y
thì tiếp tuyến đó đi qua
M
nhận
00
;IM x a y b
làm
vectơ pháp tuyến nên có phương trình là
0 0 0 0
0.x a x x y b y y
Nếu không biết tiếp điểm thì dùng điều kiện: Đường thẳng
tiếp xúc đường tròn
C
khi
và chỉ khi
;d I R
để xác định tiếp tuyến.
Đặt biệt: Đường tròn
2 2 2
:( ) ( )C x a y b R
hai tiếp tuyến ng phương với
Oy
x a R
. Ngoài hai tiếp tuyến này các tiếp tuyến còn lại đều có dạng
y kx m
.
2. Bài tp minh ha.
Bài tp 19. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho đường tròn
22
: 1 2 8C x y
.
a). Viết phương trình tiếp tuyến của đường tròn
C
tại điểm
3; 4A
.
b). Viết phương trình tiếp tuyến của đường tròn
C
đi qua điểm
5; 2B
.
c). Viết phương trình tiếp tuyến của đường tròn
C
, biết tiếp tuyến vuông góc với đường
thẳng
: 2014 0d x y
.
d). Viết phương trình tiếp tuyến của đường tròn
C
, biết tiếp tuyến tạo với trục tung một
góc
0
45
.
Lời giải
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Bài tp 20. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho hai đường tròn
22
1
: 2 3 0C x y y
22
2
: 8 8 28 0C x y x y
. Viết phương trình tiếp tuyến chung của
1
C
2
C
.
Lời giải
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Bài tp 21. Trong mặt phẳng hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho hai đường tròn
22
1
: 2 3 2C x y
22
2
: 1 2 8C x y
. Viết phương trình tiếp tuyến chung của
1
C
2
C
.
Lời giải
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3. Câu hi trc nghim.
u 56. Phương trình tiếp tuyến
d
của đường tròn
22
2 2 25: xyC
tại điểm
2;1M
là:
A.
: 1 0.dy
B.
:4 3 14 0.d x y
C.
:3 4 2 0.d x y
D.
:4 3 11 0.d x y
Li gii.
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u 57. Cho đường tròn
22
: 1 2 8C x y
. Viết phương trình tiếp tuyến
d
của
C
tại
điểm
3; 4A
.
A.
: 1 0.d x y
B.
: 2 11 0.d x y
C.
: 7 0.d x y
D.
: 7 0.d x y
Li gii.
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u 58. Phương trình tiếp tuyến
d
của đường tròn
22
: 3 0C x y x y
tại điểm
1; 1N
A.
: 3 2 0.d x y
B.
: 3 4 0.d x y
. C.
: 3 4 0.d x y
D.
: 3 2 0.d x y
Li gii.
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u 59. Viết phương trình tiếp tuyến của đường tròn
22
5: 31C xy
, biết tiếp tuyến
song song với đường thẳng
0: 27xyd
.
A.
2 1 0xy
hoặc
2 1 0.xy
B.
20xy
hoặc
2 10 0.xy
C.
2 10 0xy
hoặc
2 10 0.xy
D.
20xy
hoặc
2 10 0.xy
Li gii.
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u 60. Viết phương trình tiếp tuyến của đường tròn
22
4 4 17 0: x y xC y
, biết tiếp
tuyến song song với đường thẳng
3 4 2018: 0d xy
.
A.
3 4 23 0xy
hoặc
3 4 27 0.xy
B.
3 4 23 0xy
hoặc
3 4 27 0.xy
C.
3 4 23 0xy
hoặc
3 4 27 0.xy
D.
3 4 23 0xy
hoặc
3 4 27 0.xy
Li gii.
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u 61. Viết phương trình tiếp tuyến của đường tròn
22
2 1 25: xyC
, biết tiếp tuyến
song song với đường thẳng
0: 4 3 14xyd
.
A.
4 3 14 0xy
hoặc
4 3 36 0.xy
B.
4 3 14 0.xy
C.
4 3 36 0.xy
D.
4 3 14 0xy
hoặc
4 3 36 0.xy
Li gii.
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u 62. Viết phương trình tiếp tuyến của đường tròn
22
2 4 25: xyC
, biết tiếp
tuyến vuông góc với đường thẳng
3 4 5 0: xyd
.
A.
4 3 5 0xy
hoặc
4 3 45 0.xy
B.
4 3 5 0xy
hoặc
4 3 3 0.xy
C.
4 3 29 0.xy
D.
4 3 29 0xy
hoặc
4 3 21 0.xy
Li gii.
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u 63. Viết phương trình tiếp tuyến của đường tròn
22
: 4 2 8 0C x y x y
, biết tiếp
tuyến vuông góc với đường thẳng
:2 3 2018 0d x y
.
A.
03 2 17xy
hoặc
.3 2 9 0xy
B.
03 2 17xy
hoặc
.3 2 9 0xy
C.
03 2 17xy
hoặc
.3 2 9 0xy
D.
03 2 17xy
hoặc
.3 2 9 0xy
Li gii.
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u 64. Viết phương trình tiếp tuyến của đường tròn
22
: 4 4 4 0C x y x y
, biết tiếp
tuyến vuông góc với trục hoành.
A.
0x
. B.
0y
hoặc
40y 
.
C.
0x
hoặc
40x 
D.
0y
.
Li gii.
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u 65. Viết phương trình tiếp tuyến
của đường tròn
22
: 1 2 8C x y
, biết tiếp
tuyến đi qua điểm
5; 2A
.
A.
: 5 0x
. B.
: 3 0xy
hoặc
: 7 0xy
.
C.
: 5 0x
hoặc
: 3 0xy
. D.
: 2 0y
hoặc
: 7 0xy
.
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Li gii.
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u 66. Viết phương trình tiếp tuyến
của đường tròn
22
: 4 4 4 0C x y x y
, biết tiếp
tuyến đi qua điểm
4;6B
.
A.
: 4 0x
hoặc
:3 4 36 0xy
. B.
: 4 0x
hoặc
: 6 0y
.
C.
: 6 0y
hoặc
:3 4 36 0xy
. D.
: 4 0x
hoặc
:3 4 12 0xy
.
Li gii.
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u 67. Cho đường tròn
22
: 1 1 25C x y
điểm
9; 4M
. Gọi
tiếp tuyến của
C
, biết
đi qua
M
không song song với các trục tọa độ. Khi đó khoảng cách từ điểm
6;5P
đến
bằng:
A.
3
. B.
3
. C.
4
. D.
5
.
Li gii.
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u 68. bao nhiêu đường thẳng đi qua gốc tọa độ
O
tiếp xúc với đường tròn
22
: 2 4 11 0C x y x y
?
A.
0
. B.
2
. C.
1
. D.
3
.
Li gii.
Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Phương Trình Đường Tròn
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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u 69. Cho đường tròn
22
: 3 3 1C x y
. Qua điểm
4; 3M
thể kẻ được bao
nhiêu đường thẳng tiếp xúc với đường tròn
C
?
A.
0
. B.
1
. C.
2
. D. Vô số.
Li gii.
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u 70. Có bao nhiêu đường thẳng đi qua điểm
2;0N
tiếp xúc với đường tròn
22
: 2 3 4C x y
?
A.
0
. B.
1
. C.
2
. D. Vô số.
Li gii.
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DNG 4. Mt s i toán tương giao.
1. Phương pháp.
Ta chú ý một số tính chất sau:
Tính chất đường kính và dây cung:
Đường kính là dây cung lớn nhất.
2. Bài tp minh ha.
Bài tp 22. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho đường tròn
22
: 1 3 4C x y
và
điểm
2;4M
. Viết phương trình đường thẳng
đi qua
M
cắt đường tròn
C
tại hai điểm
A
,
B
sao cho
a).
M
là trung điểm
AB
. b).
3MA MB
.
c).
22AB
. d).
AB
có độ dài nhỏ nhất.
Lời giải
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Phương Trình Đường Tròn
150
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 23. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho đường tròn
22
: 1 3 4C x y
và
điểm
2;4M
. Viết phương trình đường thẳng
đi qua
M
cắt đường tròn
C
tại hai điểm
A
,
B
sao cho
a).
AB
có độ dài lớn nhất.
b). Tiếp tuyến của đường tròn
C
tại
A
B
vuông góc với nhau.
c). Tiếp tuyến của đường tròn
C
tại
A
B
song song với nhau.
d). Tiếp tuyến của đường tròn
C
tại
A
B
hợp với nhau góc
0
60
.
Lời giải
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Phương Trình Đường Tròn
151
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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152
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 24. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho hai đường tròn
22
1
: 13C x y
2
2
2
: 6 25C x y
cùng đi qua điểm
2;3M
. Viết phương trình đường thẳng
đi qua
M
và cắt hai đường tròn
1
C
,
2
C
lần lượt tại
A
B
sao cho
MA MB
.
Lời giải
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Bài tp 25. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho hai đường tròn
22
1
: 1 1 1C x y
2
2
2
: 2 9C x y
cùng đi qua điểm
1;0M
. Viết phương trình đường thẳng
đi qua
M
và cắt hai đường tròn
1
C
,
2
C
lần lượt tại
A
B
sao cho
2MA MB
.
Lời giải
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Phương Trình Đường Tròn
153
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 26. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho đường tròn
22
: 1 2 4C x y
đường thẳng
: 1 0xy
. Điểm
M
di động trên
. Chứng minh rằng t
M
kẻ được hai tiếp
tuyến
MA
,
MB
với
C
(
A
,
B
các tiếp điểm). Viết phương trình đường thẳng
AB
biết
AB
đi qua điểm
1; 1K
.
Lời giải
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Bài tp 27. Trong mặt phẳng hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho đường tròn
22
: 4 2 4 0C x y x y
.
Gọi
I
là tâm và
R
là bán kính của
C
. Tìm tọa độ điểm
M
thuộc đường thẳng
: 2 0d x y
sao cho từ
M
kẻ được hai tiếp tuyến
MA
,
MB
đến
C
(
A
,
B
là các tiếp điểm) thỏa mãn
a).
12 34
17
AB
. b). Tứ giác
MAIB
có diện tích bằng
62
.
c). Tứ giác
MAIB
có chu vi bằng
2 3 2 2
. d). Tứ giác
MAIB
là hình vuông.
Lời giải
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Phương Trình Đường Tròn
154
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 28. Trong mặt phẳng hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho đường tròn
22
: 4 2 4 0C x y x y
.
Gọi
I
là tâm và
R
là bán kính của
C
. Tìm tọa độ điểm
M
thuộc đường thẳng
: 2 0d x y
sao cho từ
M
kẻ được hai tiếp tuyến
MA
,
MB
đến
C
(
A
,
B
là các tiếp điểm) thỏa mãn
a). Tam giác
MAB
vuông.
b). Tam giác
MAB
đều.
c). Hai tiếp tuyến
MA
,
MB
tạo với nhau góc bằng
0
60
.
d). Tam giác
IAB
đều.
Lời giải
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Phương Trình Đường Tròn
155
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 29. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho đường tròn
22
: 2 3 5C x y
đường thẳng
: 5 4 0d x y
. Tìm trên
C
điểm
M
và trên
d
điểm
N
sao cho
a). Hai điểm
M
,
N
đối xứng nhau qua điểm
7; 1A 
.
b). Hai điểm
M
,
N
đối xứng nhau qua trục
Ox
.
Lời giải
Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Phương Trình Đường Tròn
156
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 30. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho đường tròn
22
: 2 2 5C x y
đường thẳng
:2 4 0d x y
. Tìm trên
C
điểm
M
và trên
d
điểm
N
sao cho
a).
MN
có độ dài nhỏ nhất. b).
MN
có độ dài lớn nhất.
Lời giải
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 31. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho đường thẳng
: 5 2 0d x y
đường
tròn
22
2 4 8 0: x y x yC
. Xác định tọa độ các giao điểm
A
,
B
của đường tròn
C
đường thẳng
d
, biết
A
hoành độ dương. Tìm tọa độ điểm
C
thuộc
C
sao cho tam giác
ABC
vuông ở
B
.
Lời giải
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Bài tp 32. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho đường thẳng
: 3 7 0d x y
đường
tròn
22
1 2 10: xyC
. Chứng minh đường thẳng
d
cắt đường tròn
C
tại hai điểm
phân biệt
A
,
B
. Tìm tọa độ điểm
C
thuộc
C
sao cho tam giác
ABC
cân ở
C
.
Lời giải
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Phương Trình Đường Tròn
158
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 33. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho đường tròn
22
: 4 4 6 0C x y x y
đường thẳng
: 2 3 0d x my m
. Gọi
I
làm tâm của
C
. Tìm
m
để
d
cắt
C
tại hai
điểm phân biệt
A
B
thỏa mãn
a).
AB
lớn nhất.
b).
2AB
.
c). Diện tích tam giác
IAB
lớn nhất.
d).Diện tích
IAB
bằng
3
2
AB
lớn nhất.
Lời giải
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Phương Trình Đường Tròn
159
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Phương Trình Đường Tròn
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
Bài tp 34. Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ
Oxy
, cho đường tròn
22
: 1 2 9C x y
đường thẳng
:3 4 0d x y m
. Tìm
m
để trên đường thẳng
d
có duy nhất một điểm
P
từ
đó có thể kẻ được hai tiếp tuyến
PA
,
PB
tới
C
(
A
,
B
là các tiếp điểm) sao cho
a). Tam giác
PAB
đều. b). Tam giác
PAB
vuông.
c). Góc giữa hai tiếp tuyến
PA
,
PB
bằng
0
60
.
Lời giải
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Phương Trình Đường Tròn
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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3. Câu hi trc nghim.
u 71. (THPT Quc Hc Huế 2020)
Cho đường tròn
22
: 6 2 5 0C x y x y
và đường thng
:2 2 7 0d x m y m
.
Vi giá tr nào ca
m
thì
d
tiếp xúc vi
C
?
A.
3m
. B.
15m
. C.
13m
. D.
3m
hoc
13m
Li gii
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u 72.Cho đường tròn
22
: 4 2 7 0C x y x y
hai điểm
1;1A
1;2B
. Khẳng định
nào dưới đây là đúng?
A.
A
nằm trong và
B
nằm ngoài
C
. B.
A
B
cùng nằm ngoài
C
.
C.
A
nằm ngoài và
B
nằm trong
C
. D.
A
B
cùng nằm trong
C
.
Li gii
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u 73. Cho đường tròn
22
: 4 3 0C x y x
. Hi mệnh đề nào sau đây là sai?
A.
C
có tâm
2;0I
. B.
C
có bán kính
1R
.
C.
C
ct trc
Ox
ti
2
đim phân bit. D.
C
ct trc
Oy
ti
2
đim phân bit.
Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Phương Trình Đường Tròn
162
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
Li gii
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u 74. Cho đường tròn
22
: 4 2 0C x y x y
đường thng
: 2 1 0d x y
. Trong các
mệnh đề sau, tìm mệnh đề đúng?
A.
d
đi qua tâm của đường tròn
C
. B.
d
ct
C
tại hai điểm phân bit.
C.
d
tiếp xúc
C
. D.
d
không có điểm chung vi
C
.
Li gii
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u 75. Cho đường tròn
22
: 4 3 5C x y
đường thng
: 2 5 0d x y
. Tọa độ tiếp
đim của đường thng
d
và đường tròn
C
A.
3;1
. B.
6;4
. C.
5;0
. D.
1;2
.
Li gii
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u 76.Cho đường tròn
22
: 1 3 10C x y
đường thẳng
: 3 1 0x y m
. Đường
thẳng
tiếp xúc với đường tròn
C
khi và chỉ khi
A.
1m
hoặc
19m 
. B.
3m 
hoặc
17m
.
C.
1m 
hoặc
19m
. D.
3m
hoặc
17m 
.
Li gii
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Phương Trình Đường Tròn
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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u 77.(THPT Chuyên Lê Hng Phong 2020)
Đưng thng nào tiếp xúc với đường tròn
2
2
: 2 4C x y
ti
M
có hoành độ
3
M
x
A.
3 6 0xy
. B.
3 6 0xy
. C.
3 6 0xy
. D.
3 6 0xy
.
Li gii
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u 78. Cho đường tròn
22
: 6 2 5 0C x y x y
điểm
4;2A
. Đường thng
d
qua
A
ct
C
ti
2
đim
M
,
N
sao cho
A
là trung điểm ca
MN
có phương trình là
A.
60xy
. B.
7 3 34 0xy
. C.
7 30 0xy
. D.
7 35 0xy
.
Li gii
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Phương Trình Đường Tròn
164
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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u 79. Đưng thng
: 2 5 0xy
tiếp xúc với đường tròn
22
: 4 3 5C x y
ti
đim
M
có tọa độ
A.
3;1
. B.
3;2
. C.
6;3
. D.
5;2
.
Li gii
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u 80. Cho đường tròn
22
: 1 3 10C x y
đường thẳng
: 1 0xy
biết đường
thẳng
cắt
C
tại hai điểm phân biệt
A
,
B
. Độ dài đoạn thẳng
AB
bằng
A.
19
2
. B.
38
. C.
19
2
. D.
38
2
.
Li gii
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Phương Trình Đường Tròn
165
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
u 81. Trong hệ trục tọa độ
Oxy
, đường tròn o phương trình dưới đây tiếp xúc với hai
trục tọa độ?
A.
22
2 2 1xy
. B.
22
2 2 2xy
.
C.
22
2 2 4xy
. D.
22
2 2 8xy
.
Li gii
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u 82. Đường tròn
22
2
:C x a y b R
cắt đường thẳng
2 2 0x y a b
theo dây
cung có độ dài bằng bao nhiêu? (ở đây
0R
).
A.
2R
. B.
2
2
R
. C.
R
. D.
2R
.
Li gii
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u 83.Cho hai đường tròn
22
1
: 2 6 6 0C x y x y
,
22
2
: 4 2 4 0C x y x y
. Trong
các mệnh đề sau, tìm mệnh đề đúng:
A.
1
C
ct
2
C
. B.
1
C
không có điểm chung vi
2
C
.
C.
1
C
tiếp xúc trong vi
2
C
. D.
1
C
tiếp xúc ngoài vi
2
C
.
Li gii
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Elip
166
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
A - LÝ THUYT.
1. Định nghĩa: Cho hai điểm c định
1
F
2
F
vi
12
2F F c
0c
Tp hợp các điểm
M
tha mãn
12
2MF MF a
(
a
không đổi và
0ac
) là một đường Elip.
12
, FF
là hai tiêu điểm ca
.E
Khong cách
12
2F F c
là tiêu c ca Elip.
12
,MF MF
đưc gi là bán kính qua tiêu.
2. Phương trình chính tc ca Elip
Vi
12
;0 , ;0F c F c
ta có
22
22
; 1 1
xy
a
M
b
x y E 
trong đó
2 2 2
b a c
Khi đó
1
đưc gọi là phương trình chính tắc ca
.E
Chú ý:
00
,.x a y b
3. Tính cht và hình dng ca Elip
Trục đối xng
Ox
(cha trc ln),
Oy
(cha trc bé)
Tâm đối xng
O
.
Ta độ các đỉnh
1 2 1 2
;0 , ;0 , 0; , 0;A a A a B b B b
.
Độ dài trc ln
12
2A A a
. Độ dài trc bé
12
2B B b
.
Tiêu điểm
12
;0 , ;0F c F c
.
Ni tiếp trong hình ch nhật cơ sở có kích thước là
2a
và
2b
.
Tâm sai
1
c
e
a

.
Hai đường chun
a
x
e
a
x
e

.
Vi
;M x y E
. Khi đó
1
MF a ex
: bán kính qua tiêu điểm trái.
2
MF a ex
: bán kính qua tiêu điểm phi.
B. CÁC DNG TOÁN VÀ PƠNG PHÁP GIẢI.
DNG 1. c định các yếu t ca elip khi biết phương trình chính tc ca elip.
1. Phương pháp.
T phương trình chính tc
22
22
11
xy
ab

ta xác định các đại lượng
,ab
.
T
2 2 2
b a c
ta suy ra
c
ca elip.
Khi đó ta suy ra được các yếu t cn tìm.
2. Bài tp minh ha.
Bài tp 1. Xác định các đỉnh, độ dài các trc, tiêu cự, tiêu điểm , tâm sai của elip phương
trình sau
a).
22
1
41
xy

. b).
22
4 25 100xy
.
y
x
r
2
r
1
R
S
B
1
P
Q
B
2
A
1
A
2
F
2
O
F
1
M
§BI 4. ELÍP
Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Elip
167
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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3. Câu hi trc nghim.
Mc độ 1. Nhn biết
u 1. Elip
22
:1
25 9
xy
E 
có độ dài trc ln bng:
A.
5.
B.
10.
C.
25.
D.
50.
Li gii.
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u 2. Elip
22
:4 16 1E x y
có độ dài trc ln bng:
A.
2.
B.
4.
C.
1.
D.
1
.
2
Li gii.
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u 3. Elip
22
: 5 25E x y
có độ dài trc ln bng:
A.
1.
B.
2.
C.
5.
D.
10.
Li gii.
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u 4. Elip
22
:1
100 64
xy
E 
có độ dài trc bé bng:
A.
8.
B.
10.
C.
16.
D.
20.
Li gii.
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u 5. Elip
2
2
:4
16
x
Ey
có tổng độ dài trc ln và trc bé bng:
A.
5.
B.
10.
C.
20.
D.
40.
Li gii.
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u 6. Elip
22
:1
25 16
xy
E 
có tiêu c bng:
A.3. B. 6. C. 9. D. 18.
Li gii.
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Mc độ 2. Thông hiu
u 7. Elip
22
:1
94
xy
E 
có tiêu c bng:
A.
5.
B.
5.
C.
10.
D.
2 5.
Li gii.
Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Elip
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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u 8. Elip
22
22
:1
xy
E
pq

, vi
0pq
có tiêu c bng:
A.
pq
. B.
. C.
22
pq
. D.
22
2 pq
.
Li gii.
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u 9. Elip
22
:1
100 36
xy
E 
có một đỉnh nm trên trc ln là:
A.
100;0
. B.
100;0
. C.
0;10
. D.
10;0
.
Li gii.
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u 10. Elip
22
:1
16 12
xy
E 
có một đỉnh nm trên trc bé là:
A.
4;0
. B.
0;12
. C.
0;2 3
. D.
4;0
.
Li gii.
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u 11. Elip
22
:1
96
xy
E 
mt tiêu điểm là:
A.
0;3 .
B.
0; 6 .
C.
3;0 .
D.
3;0 .
Li gii.
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u 12. Cặp điểm nào là các tiêu điểm ca elip
22
:1
54
xy
E 
?
A.
1
1;0F
2
1;0F
. B.
1
3;0F
2
3;0F
.
C.
1
0; 1F
2
0;1F
. D.
1
2;0F
2
2;0F
.
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u 13. Elip
22
:1
16 9
xy
E 
. T s
e
ca tiêu c và độ dài trc ln ca elip bng:
A.
B.
7
.
4
e
C.
3
.
4
e
D.
5
.
4
e
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u 14. Elip
22
:1
94
xy
E 
. T s
f
của độ dài trc ln và tiêu c ca elip bng:
A.
3
2
f
. B.
3
5
f
. C.
2
3
f
. D.
5
3
f
.
Li gii.
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u 15. Elip
22
:1
16 8
xy
E 
. T s
k
ca tiêu c và độ dài trc bé ca elip bng:
A.
8k
. B.
8k
. C.
1k
. D.
1k 
.
Li gii.
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u 16. Cho elip
22
:1
25 9
xy
E 
. Trong các khẳng định sau, khẳng định nào sai?
A.
E
có các tiêu điểm
1
4;0F
2
4;0 .F
B.
E
có t s
4
.
5
c
a
C.
E
có đỉnh
1
5;0 .A
D.
E
có độ dài trc nh bng 3.
Li gii.
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u 17. Cho elip
22
: 4 1E x y
. Khẳng định nào sau đây là đúng?
A. Elip có tiêu c bng
3.
B. Elip có trc nh bng
2.
C. Elip có một tiêu điểm là
2
0; .
3
F




D. Elip có trc ln bng
4.
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u 18. Cho elip
22
:4 9 36E x y
. Tìm mệnh đề sai trong các mệnh đề sau:
A.
E
có trc ln bng 6. B.
E
có trc nh bng 4.
C.
E
có tiêu c bng
5.
D.
E
có t s
5
.
3
c
a
Li gii.
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DNG 2. Viết phương trình chính tắc của đường elip.
1. Phương pháp.
Để viết phương trình chính tắc của elip ta làm như sau:
Gọi phương trình chính tắc elip
22
22
10
xy
ab
ab
.
T gi thiết ca bài toán ta thiết lập các phương trình, h phương trình từ gi thiết ca bài
toán để tìm các đại lượng
,ab
ca elip t đó viết được phương trình chính tc ca nó.
2. Bài tp minh ha.
Bài tp 2. Viết phương trình chính tắc ca elip
E
trong mỗi trường hp sau:
a).
E
có độ dài trc ln là 6 và tâm sai
2
3
e
b).
E
có tọa độ một đỉnh là
0; 5
và đi qua điểm
4 10
;1
5
M




c).
E
có tiêu điểm th nht
3;0
và đi qua điểm
4 33
(1; )
5
M
.
d). Hình ch nhật cơ sở ca
E
có mt cnh nằm trên đường thng
20y 
và có din tích
bng 48.
e).
E
có tâm sai bng
5
3
và hình ch nhật cơ sở ca
E
có chu vi bng 20.
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Bài tp 3. Lập phương trình chính tắc ca Elip, biết
a). Elip đi qua điểm
5
2;
3
M



và có một tiêu điểm
1
2;0F
.
b). Elip nhn
2
5;0F
là một tiêu điểm và có độ dài trc nh bng
46
.
c). Elip có độ dài trc ln bng
25
và tiêu c bng 2.
d). Elip đi qua hai điểm
2; 2M
6;1N
.
Li gii
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 4. Lập phương trình chính tắc ca Elip, biết
a). Elip có tổng độ dài hai trc bng 8 và tâm sai
1
2
e
.
b). Elip có tâm sai
5
3
e
và hình ch nhật cơ sở có chu vi bng 20.
c). Elip có tiêu điểm
1
2;0F
và hình ch nhật cơ sở có din tích bng
12 5
.
Li gii
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 5. Lập phương trình chính tắc ca Elip, biết
a). Elip đi qua điểm
5;2M
và khong cách giữa hai đường chun bng 10.
b). Elip có tâm sai
3
5
e
và khong cách t tâm đối xng của nó đến một đường chun bng
25
3
.
c). Elip có độ dài trc ln bng 10 và phương trình một đường chun là
25
4
x
.
d). Khong cách giữa các đường chun bằng 36 và bán kính qua tiêu điểm của điểm
M
thuc
Elip là 9 và 15.
Li gii
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176
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 6. Lập phương trình chính tắc ca Elip, biết
a). Elip có hình ch nhật cơ sở ni tiếp đường tròn
22
: 41C x y
và đi qua điểm
0;5A
.
b). Elip có hình ch nhật cơ sở ni tiếp đường tròn
22
: 21C x y
và điểm
1;2M
nhìn
hai tiêu điểm của Elip dưới mt góc
0
60
.
c). Mt cnh hình ch nhật cơ sở ca Elip nm trên
: 5 0dx
và độ dài đường chéo hình
ch nht bng 6.
d). T giác
ABCD
là hình thoi có bốn đỉnh trùng với các đỉnh ca Elip. Bán kính của đường
tròn ni tiếp hình thoi bng
2
và tâm sai ca Elip bng
1
2
.
Li gii
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 7. Lập phương trình chính tắc ca Elip, biết
a). T giác
ABCD
là hình thoi có bốn đỉnh trùng với các đỉnh của Elip. Đường tròn tiếp xúc
vi các cnh của hình thoi có phương trình
22
:4C x y
2AC BD
,
A
thuc
Ox
.
b). Elip có độ dài trc ln bằng 8 và giao điểm ca Elip với đường tròn
22
:8C x y
to
thành bốn đỉnh ca mt hình vuông.
c). Elip có tâm sai
và giao điểm ca Elip với đường tròn
22
:9C x y
ti bốn điểm
A
,
B
,
C
,
D
sao cho
AB
song song vi
Ox
3AB BC
.
d). Elip có độ dài trc ln bng
42
, các đỉnh trên trc nh và các tiêu điểm ca Elip cùng
nm trên một đường tròn.
Li gii
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 8. Lập phương trình chính tắc ca Elip, biết
a). Elip có hai đỉnh trên trc nh cùng với hai tiêu điểm to thành mt hình vuông có din
tích bng 32.
b). Elip có một đỉnh và hai tiêu điểm to thành một tam giác đều và chu vi hình ch nhật cơ
s ca Elip bng
12 2 3
.
c). Elip đi qua điểm
2 3;2M
M
nhìn hai tiêu điểm của Elip dưới mt góc vuông.
d). Elip đi qua điểm
3
1;
2
M




và tiêu điểm nhìn trc nh
2 2 2
a b c
i mt góc
0
60
.
Li gii
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 9. Lập phương trình chính tắc ca Elip, biết
a). Elip có một tiêu điểm
1
3;0F
và đi qua điểm
M
, biết tam giác
12
F MF
có din tích bng
1 và vuông ti
M
.
b). Elip đi qua ba đỉnh của tam giác đều
. Biết tam giác
có trục đối xng là
Oy
,
0;2A
và có din tích bng
49 3
12
.
c). Khi
M
thay đổi trên Elip thì độ dài nh nht ca
OM
bằng 4 và độ dài ln nht ca
1
MF
bng 8 vi
1
F
là tiêu điểm có hoành độ âm ca Elip.
Li gii
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3. Câu hi trc nghim.
Mc độ 2. Thông Hiu
Câu 19. Phương trình của elip
E
có đ dài trc ln bằng 8, độ dài trc nh bng 6:
A.
22
9 16 144.xy
B.
22
9 16 1.xy
C.
22
1.
9 16
xy

D.
22
1.
64 36
xy

Li gii.
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u 20. Tìm phương trình chính tắc ca elip có tiêu c bng 6 và trc ln bng 10.
A.
22
1.
25 9
xy

B.
22
1.
100 81
xy

C.
22
1.
25 16
xy

D.
22
1.
25 16
xy

Li gii.
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u 21. Elip độ dài trc ln 10 một tiêu điểm
3;0F
. Phương tnh chính tắc ca elip
là:
A.
22
1.
25 9
xy

B.
22
1.
100 16
xy

C.
22
1.
100 81
xy

D.
22
1.
25 16
xy

Li gii.
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u 22. Elip độ dài trc nh
46
một tiêu điểm
5;0F
. Phương trình chính tc ca
elip là:
A.
22
1.
121 96
xy

B.
22
1.
101 96
xy

C.
22
1.
49 24
xy

D.
22
1.
29 24
xy

Li gii.
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u 23. Elip có một đỉnh là
5;0A
và có mt tiêu điểm
1
4;0F
. Phương trình chính tc ca elip là:
A.
22
1.
25 16
xy

B.
22
1.
54
xy

C.
22
1.
25 9
xy

D.
1.
54
xy

Li gii.
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u 24. Elip hai đnh
3;0 ; 3;0
hai tiêu điểm
1;0 ; 1;0
. Phương trình chính
tc ca elip là:
A.
22
1.
91
xy

B.
22
1.
89
xy

C.
22
1.
98
xy

D.
22
1.
19
xy

Li gii.
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Elip
183
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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u 25. Tìm phương trình chính tắc ca elip nếu trc ln gấp đôi trục bé và có tiêu c bng
43
A.
22
+ 1.
16 4
xy
B.
22
1.
36 9
xy

C.
22
1.
36 24
xy

D.
22
+ 1.
24 16
xy
Li gii.
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u 26. Lập phương trình chính tắc ca elip biết độ dài trc lớn hơn độ dài trc nh 4 đơn vị, độ
dài trc nh hơn độ dài tiêu c 4 đơn vị.
A.
22
1.
64 60
xy

B.
22
1.
25 9
xy

C.
22
1.
100 64
xy

D.
22
1.
91
xy

Li gii.
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u 27. Lập phương trình chính tc ca elip biết t s giữa độ dài trc nh tiêu c bng
2
,
tổng bình phương độ dài trc ln và tiêu c bng
64
.
A.
22
1.
12 8
xy

B.
22
1.
8 12
xy

C.
22
1.
12 4
xy

D.
22
1.
84
xy

Li gii.
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Elip
184
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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u 28. Elip một tiêu điểm
2;0F
tích độ dài trc ln vi trc bng
12 5
. Phương
trình chính tc ca elip là:
A.
22
1.
95
xy

B.
22
1.
36 20
xy

C.
22
1.
144 5
xy

D.
22
1.
45 16
xy

Li gii.
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u 29. Lập phương trình chính tắc ca elip độ dài trc ln bng
26
t s ca tiêu c vi
độ dài trc ln bng
12
13
.
A.
22
1.
26 25
xy

B.
22
1.
169 25
xy

C.
22
1.
52 25
xy

D.
22
1.
169 5
xy

Li gii.
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u 30. Lập phương trình chính tc ca elip độ dài trc ln bng
6
t s ca tiêu c với độ
dài trc ln bng
1
3
.
A.
22
+ 1.
98
xy
B.
22
1.
95
xy

C.
22
1.
65
xy

D.
22
+ 1.
93
xy
Li gii.
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Mc độ 3. Vn dng
Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Elip
185
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
u 31. Lập phương trình chính tắc ca elip độ dài trc nh bng
12
t s ca tiêu c vi
độ dài trc ln bng
4
5
.
A.
22
1.
36 25
xy

B.
22
1.
25 36
xy

C.
22
1.
64 36
xy

D.
22
1.
100 36
xy

Li gii.
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u 32. Elip tổng độ dài hai trc bng
18
t s ca tiêu c với độ dài trc ln bng
3
5
.
Phương trình chính tắc ca elip là:
A.
22
1.
25 16
xy

B.
22
1.
54
xy

C.
22
1.
25 9
xy

D.
22
1.
94
xy

Li gii.
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u 33. Elip tổng độ dài hai trc bng
10
t s ca tiêu c với độ dài trc ln bng
5
3
.
Phương trình chính tắc ca elip là:
A.
22
1.
25 16
xy

B.
22
1.
54
xy

C.
22
1.
25 9
xy

D.
22
1.
94
xy

Li gii.
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Elip
186
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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u 34. Lập phương trình chính tắc ca elip, biết elip đi qua hai điểm
7;0A
0;3B
.
A.
22
1.
40 9
xy

B.
22
1.
16 9
xy

C.
22
1.
9 49
xy

D.
22
1.
49 9
xy

Li gii.
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u 35. Elip đi qua các điểm
0;3M
12
3;
5
N



có phương trình chính tc là:
A.
22
1
16 9
xy

. B.
22
1
25 9
xy

. C.
22
1
9 25
xy

. D.
22
1
25 9
xy

.
Li gii.
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u 36. Elip đi qua các điểm
0;1A
3
1;
2
N




có phương trình chính tắc là:
A.
22
1.
16 4
xy

B.
22
1.
84
xy

C.
22
1.
41
xy

D.
22
1.
21
xy

Li gii.
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Elip
187
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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u 37. Tìm phương trình chính tc ca elip nếu trc ln gấp đôi trục đi qua điểm
2; 2M
.
A.
22
+ 1.
20 5
xy
B.
22
1.
36 9
xy

C.
22
1.
24 6
xy

D.
22
+ 1.
16 4
xy
Li gii.
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u 38. Tìm phương trình chính tắc ca elip, biết elip có tiêu c bng
6
và đi qua
5;0A
.
A.
22
1
25 16
xy

. B.
22
+1
25 16
xy
. C.
22
+1
25 9
xy
. D.
22
+1
100 81
xy
.
Li gii.
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u 39. Tìm phương trình chính tắc ca elip, biết elip có tiêu c bng
23
và đi qua
2;1A
.
A.
22
+ 1.
63
xy
B.
22
1.
82
xy

C.
22
1.
85
xy

D.
22
+ 1.
94
xy
Li gii.
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Elip
188
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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u 40. Tìm phương trình chính tắc ca elip, biết elip tiêu c bng
8
đi qua điểm
15; 1M
.
A.
22
1.
12 4
xy

B.
22
1.
16 4
xy

C.
22
1.
18 4
xy

D.
22
1.
20 4
xy

Li gii.
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u 41. Elip qua điểm
5
2;
3
M



mt tiêu điểm
2;0F
. Phương trình chính tắc ca elip
là:
A.
22
1
95
xy

. B.
22
1
94
xy

. C.
22
1
25 16
xy

. D.
22
1
25 9
xy

.
Li gii.
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Elip
189
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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u 42. Phương trình chính tc của elip hai tiêu điểm
12
2;0 , 2;0FF
đi qua điểm
2;3M
:
A.
22
1.
16 12
xy

B.
22
1.
16 9
xy

C.
22
1.
16 4
xy

D.
22
1.
16 8
xy

Li gii.
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u 43. Tìm phương trình chính tc ca elip nếu đi qua điểm
6;0A
t s ca tiêu c vi
độ dài trc ln bng
1
2
.
A.
22
+ 1.
36 27
xy
B.
22
1.
63
xy

C.
22
+ 1.
36 18
xy
D.
22
+ 1.
62
xy
Li gii.
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Elip
190
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
u 44. Tìm phương trình chính tc ca elip nếu đi qua điểm
5
2;
3
N



t s ca tiêu c
với độ dài trc ln bng
2
3
.
A.
22
1.
94
xy

B.
22
1.
95
xy

C.
22
1.
96
xy

D.
22
1.
93
xy

Li gii.
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u 45. Tìm phương trình chính tắc ca elip nếu đi qua điểm
2; 3A
t s của độ dài
trc ln vi tiêu c bng
2
3
.
A.
22
1.
16 4
xy

B.
22
1.
43
xy

C.
22
1.
34
xy

D.
22
1.
4 16
xy

Li gii.
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Elip
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DNG 3. c định điểm nm trên đường elip thỏa mãn điều kin cho trưc.
1. Phương pháp.
Để xác định tọa độ đim
M
thuộc elip có phương trình chính tc
22
22
: 1 0
xy
E a b
ab
ta làm như sau
Gi s
;
MM
M x y
, điểm
22
22
1
MM
xy
ME
ab
ta thu được phương trình thứ nht.
T điu kin của bài toán ta thu được phương trình thứ hai; giải phương trình, hệ phương
trình n
,
MM
xy
ta tìm được tọa độ của điểm
M
.
2. Bài tp minh ha.
Bài tp 10.
a). Trong mt phng vi h tọa độ
Oxy
, cho Elip
22
:1
25 16
xy
E 
. Gi
1
F
,
2
F
là hai tiêu điểm
ca Elip;
A
,
B
là hai điểm thuc
E
sao cho
12
8AF BF
. Tính
21
AF BF
.
b). Trong mt phng vi h tọa độ
Oxy
, cho Elip
22
:1
95
xy
E 
. Gi
1
F
,
2
F
là hai tiêu điểm
của Elip trong đó
1
F
có hoành độ âm. Tìm tọa độ đim
M
thuc
E
sao cho
12
2MF MF
.
c). Trong mt phng vi h tọa độ
Oxy
, cho Elip
22
:1
84
xy
E 
. Gi
1
F
,
2
F
là hai tiêu điểm
của Elip trong đó
1
F
có hoành độ âm. Tìm tọa độ đim
M
thuc
E
sao cho
12
2MF MF
.
Li gii
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Elip
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 11.
a). Trong mt phng vi h tọa độ
Oxy
, cho Elip
22
91
:1
xy
E 
. Tìm những điểm
M
thuc
E
sao cho nó nhìn hai tiêu điểm ca
E
i mt góc vuông.
b). Trong mt phng vi h tọa độ
Oxy
, cho Elip
2
2
:1
4
x
Ey
với hai tiêu điểm
1
F
,
2
F
.
Tìm tọa độ đim
M
thuc
E
sao cho góc
0
12
60F MF
.
c). Trong mt phng vi h tọa độ
Oxy
, cho Elip
22
:1
100 25
xy
E 
với hai tiêu điểm
1
F
,
2
F
.
Tìm tọa độ đim
M
thuc
E
sao cho góc
0
12
120FMF
.
d). Trong mt phng vi h tọa độ
Oxy
, cho Elip
22
:1
25 9
xy
E 
với hai tiêu điểm
1
F
,
2
F
trong đó
1
F
có hoành độ âm. Tìm tọa độ đim
M
thuc
E
sao cho góc
0
12
120MF F
.
Li gii
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Elip
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 12.
a). Trong mt phng vi h tọa độ
Oxy
, cho Elip
22
:1
41
xy
E 
và điểm
2;0C
. Tìm tọa độ
các điểm
A
,
B
thuc
E
, biết rng
A
,
B
đối xng vi nhau qua trc hoành và tam giác
là tam giác đều.
b). Trong mt phng vi h tọa độ
Oxy
, cho Elip
22
:1
41
xy
E 
. Tìm tọa độ các điểm
A
B
thuc
E
có hoành độ dương sao cho tam giác
OAB
cân ti
O
và có din tích ln nht.
c). Trong mt phng vi h tọa độ
Oxy
, cho Elip
22
:1
91
xy
E 
và điểm
3;0A
. Tìm tọa độ
các điểm
B
,
C
thuc
E
sao cho tam giác
vuông cân ti
A
, biết
B
có tung độ dương.
Li gii
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 13.
a). Trong mt phng vi h tọa độ
Oxy
, cho Elip
22
:1
16 5
xy
E 
và hai điểm
5; 1A 
,
( 1;1)B
. Xác đinh tọa độ đim
M
thuc
E
sao cho din tích tam giác
MAB
ln nht.
b). Trong mt phng vi h tọa độ
Oxy
, cho Elip
22
:1
82
xy
E 
và hai điểm
3;4A
,
(5;3)B
. Tìm trên
E
đim
C
sao cho tam giác
ABC
có din tích bng 4,5.
c). Trong mt phng vi h tọa độ
Oxy
, cho Elip
22
:1
21
xy
E 
. Tìm trên
E
những điểm
sao cho khong cách t điểm đó đến đường thng
:2 3 1 0d x y
là ln nht.
Li gii
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Bài tp 14.
a). Trong mt phng vi h tọa độ
Oxy
, cho Elip
22
:1
94
xy
E 
và các điểm
3;0A
,
1;0I
. Tìm tọa độ các điểm
B
,
C
thuc
E
sao cho
I
là tâm đường tròn ngoi tiếp
ABC
.
b). Trong mt phng vi h tọa độ
Oxy
, cho Elip
22
:1
25 9
xy
E 
có hai tiêu điểm
1
F
,
2
F
.
Tìm tọa độ đim
M
thuc
E
sao cho bán kính đường tròn ni tiếp tam giác
12
MF F
bng
4
3
.
c). Trong mt phng
Oxy
, cho Elip
22
:1
25 9
xy
E 
có hai tiêu điểm
1
F
,
2
F
. Tìm tọa độ đim
M
thuc
E
sao cho đường phân giác trong góc
12
FMF
đi qua điểm
48
;0
25
N



.
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Elip
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 15. Trong mt phng
Oxy
, cho elip (E):
22
1
25 9
xy

có tiêu điểm
1
F
2
F
.
Tìm điểm
M
trên
E
sao cho
a). Đim
M
có tung gp ba lần hoành độ.
b).
12
2MF MF
c).
0
12
60F MF
.
d). Din tích tam giác
OAM
ln nht vi
1;1A
.
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Bài tp 16. Cho elip (E) :
22
1
41
xy

2;0C
. Tìm
,AB
thuc (E) biết
,AB
đối xng nhau
qua trc hoành và tam giác
ABC
đều.
Li gii
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Elip
199
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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3. Câu hi trc nghim.
u 46. Cho elip
22
22
:1
xy
E
ab

vi
0.ab
Gi
2c
tiêu c ca
E
. Trong các mệnh đề
sau, mệnh đề nào đúng?
A.
2 2 2
.c a b
B.
2 2 2
.b a c
C.
2 2 2
.a b c
D.
.c a b
Li gii.
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u 47. Cho elip hai tiêu điểm
12
, FF
độ dài trc ln bng
2a
. Trong các mệnh đề sau,
mệnh đề nào đúng?
A.
12
2.a F F
B.
12
2.a F F
C.
12
2.a F F
D.
12
4.a F F
Li gii.
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u 48. Cho elip
22
:1
25 9
xy
E 
. Hai điểm
, AB
hai đỉnh ca elip lần lượt nm trên hai trc
Ox
,
Oy
. Khi đó độ dài đoạn thng
AB
bng:
A.
34.
B.
34.
C.
5.
D.
136.
Li gii.
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Elip
200
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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u 49. Mt elip
E
trc ln dài gp 3 ln trc nh. T s
e
ca tiêu c với độ dài trc ln
bng:
A.
1
.
3
e
B.
2
.
3
e
C.
3
.
3
e
D.
22
.
3
e
Li gii.
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u 50. Mt elip
E
khong cách giữa hai đỉnh kế tiếp nhau gp
3
2
ln tiêu c ca nó. T s
e
ca tiêu c với độ dài trc ln bng:
A.
5
.
5
e
B.
2
.
5
e
C.
3
.
5
e
D.
2
.
5
e
Li gii.
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u 51. Cho điểm
2;3M
nằm trên đường elip
E
phương trình chính tắc:
22
22
1
xy
ab

.
Trong các điểm sau đây điểm nào không nm trên
E
:
A.
1
2;3 .M
B.
2
2; 3 .M
C.
3
2; 3 .M 
D.
4
3;2 .M
Li gii.
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u 52. Cho elip
22
22
:1
xy
E
ab

. Khẳng định nào sau đây là đúng?
A.
E
không có trục đối xng.
B.
E
có mt trục đối xng là trc hoành.
C.
E
có hai trục đối xng là trc hoành và trc tung.
D.
E
có vô s trục đối xng.
Li gii.
Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Elip
201
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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u 53. Cho elip
22
22
:1
xy
E
ab

. Khng định nào sau đây là đúng?
A.
E
không có tâm đối xng. B.
E
có đúng một tâm đối xng.
C.
E
có hai tâm đối xng. D.
E
có vô s tâm đối xng.
Li gii.
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u 54. Elip
E
độ dài trc bé bng tiêu c. T s
e
ca tiêu c với độ dài trc ln ca
E
bng:
A.
1e
. B.
2e
. C.
1
2
e
. D.
1
3
e
.
Li gii.
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u 55. Elip
E
hai đỉnh trên trc nh cùng với hai tiêu điểm to thành mt hình vuông. T
s
e
ca tiêu c với độ dài trc ln ca
E
bng:
A.
1e
. B.
2e
. C.
1
2
e
. D.
1
3
e
.
Li gii.
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u 56. Elip
E
độ dài trc ln bng
42
, các đỉnh trên trc nh các tiêu điểm ca elip
cùng nm trên một đường tròn. Độ dài trc nh ca
E
bng:
A.
2.
B.
4.
C.
8.
D.
16.
Li gii.
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Elip
202
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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u 57. Cho elip
22
916
:1
xy
E 
M
là một điểm tùy ý trên
E
. Khi đó:
A.
3 4.OM
B.
4 5.OM
C.
5.OM
D.
3.OM
Li gii.
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u 58. Cho elip
22
: + 1
169 144
xy
E
và điểm
M
nm trên
E
. Nếu
M
có hoành độ bng
13
thì
khong cách t
M
đến hai tiêu điểm bng:
A. 10 và 6. B. 8 và 18. C. 13
5
. D. 13
10
.
Li gii.
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u 59. Cho elip
22
: + 1
16 12
xy
E
điểm
M
nm trên
E
. Nếu
M
hoành độ bng
1
thì
khong cách t
M
đến hai tiêu điểm bng:
A.
3,5
4,5
. B.
3
5
. C.
42
. D.
2
4
2
.
Li gii.
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u 60. Cho elip phương trình
22
16 25 100xy
. Tính tng khong cách t đim
M
thuc
elip có hoành độ bng
2
đến hai tiêu điểm.
A.
3.
B.
2 2.
C.
5
. D.
4 3.
Li gii.
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Elip
203
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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DNG 4. i Toán Tương Giao
1. Phương pháp.
Phương trình chính tắc ca
22
22
: 1 0
xy
E a b
ab
tương giao với đường thng
:0Ax By C
khi h phương trình
22
22
1
0
xy
ab
Ax Bx C

có nghim, hoc vô nghim.
2. Bài tp minh ha.
Bài tp 17.
a). Trong mt phng vi h tọa độ
Oxy
, cho Elip
22
:1
25 9
xy
E 
và điểm
1;1M
.
Viết phương trình đường thng
đi qua
M
và ct
E
tại hai điểm phân bit
A
,
B
sao cho
M
là trung điểm
AB
.
b). Trong mt phng
Oxy
, cho Elip
22
:1
41
xy
E 
và điểm
22
;
33
M



. Viết phương trình
đưng thẳng đi qua
M
và ct
E
tại hai điểm phân bit
A
,
B
sao cho
2MA MB
.
c).Trong mt phng
Oxy
, cho Elip
22
:1
41
xy
E 
và đường thng
:2 3 0d x y
. Viết
phương trình đường thng
vuông góc
d
và ct
E
tại hai điểm
A
,
B
sao cho tam giác
OAB
có din tích bng 1.
d). Trong mt phng vi h tọa độ
Oxy
, cho Elip
22
: 3 6E x y
có hai tiêu điểm
1
F
,
2
F
trong đó
1
F
có hoành độ âm. Gi
d
là đường thẳng đi qua
2
F
và song song vi
:1yx
đồng thi ct
E
tại hai điểm
A
,
B
phân bit. Tính din tích tam giác
.
Li gii
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Bài tp 18.
a). Trong mt phng
Oxy
, cho Elip
22
:1
84
xy
E 
và đường thng
: 2 2 0d x y
.
Đưng thng
d
ct
E
tại hai điểm
A
,
B
.
Tìm tọa độ đim
C
trên
E
sao cho tam giác
cân ti
C
.
b). Trong mt phng
Oxy
, cho Elip
22
:1
16 9
xy
E 
và đường thng
:3 4 12 0d x y
.
Đưng thng
d
ct
E
tại hai điểm
A
,
B
. Tìm tọa độ đim
C
trên
E
sao cho tam giác
có điện tích bng 6.
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u 61. Cho elip
22
:1
100 36
xy
E 
. Qua một tiêu điểm ca
E
dựng đường thng song song vi
trc
Oy
và ct
E
tại hai điểm
M
N
.
Tính độ dài
MN
.
A.
64
5
. B.
36
5
. C.
25
. D.
25
2
.
Li gii.
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u 62. Cho
22
:1
20 16
xy
E 
. Một đường thẳng đi qua điểm
2;2A
và song song vi trc hoành
ct
E
tại hai điểm phân bit
M
N
. Tính độ dài
MN
.
A.
3 5.
B.
15 2.
C.
2 15.
D.
5 3.
Li gii.
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u 63. Dây cung ca elip
22
22
:1
xy
E
ab

0 ba
vuông góc vi trc ln tại tiêu điểm độ
dài bng:
A.
2
2c
a
. B.
2
2b
a
. C.
2
2a
c
. D.
2
a
c
.
Li gii.
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Trung Tâm Luyện Thi Đại Học Amsterdam Chương III-Bài 3. Elip
207
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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u 64. Đưng thng
:3 4 12 0d x y
ct elip
22
:1
16 9
xy
E 
tại hai điểm phân bit
M
N
. Khi đó độ dài đoạn thng
MN
bng:
A.
3.
B.
4.
C.
5.
D.
25.
Li gii.
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u 65. Giá tr ca
m
để đưng thng
: 2 0x y m
ct elip
22
:1
41
xy
E 
ti hai điểm
phân bit là:
A.
2 2.m 
B.
2 2.m
C.
2 2.m 
D.
2 2 2 2.m
Li gii.
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