Basic English Grammar 1 - Tài liệu tham khảo Tiếng Anh ( TA8 ISW) p2 | Đại học Hoa Sen

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BASIC ENGLISH
GRAMMAR
BASIC ENGLISH
GRAMMAR
Book
1
Book
1
Book
1
Copyright ©2007 by Saddleback Educational Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this book
may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of the
publisher.
ISBN 1-59905-201-6
Printed in the United States of America
13 12 11 10 09 08 07 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Three Watson
Irvine, CA 92618-2767
Web site: www.sdlback.com
First published in the United States by Saddleback Educational Publishing, 3 Watson, Irvine,
CA 92618 by arrangement with Learners Publishing Pte Ltd, Singapore
Introduction
Grammar is a very old field of study. Did you know that the
sentence was first divided into subject and verb by Plato,
the famed philosopher from ancient Greece? That was
about 2,400 years ago! Ever since then, students all over
the world have found it worthwhile to study the structure
of words and sentences. Why? Because skill in speaking
and writing is the hallmark of all educated people.
Lesson by lesson, this book provides basic instruction
in the eight parts of speech—nouns, pronouns, verbs,
adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and
interjections—as well as the standard patterns of English
sentences.
All students of English, be they native speakers or those
who are studying English as a second language, will
profit from the fundamental introduction and review of
grammar provided by SADDLEBACK’S BASIC ENGLISH
GRAMMAR 1 and 2. Helpful marginal notes throughout
the books have been provided to reinforce existing skills
and call attention to common problem areas.
We wish you every success in your pursuit of English
proficiency.
1
What is Grammar? 5
2
The Capital Letter 6
3
Nouns 8
Common Nouns 8
Proper Nouns 13
Singular Nouns 21
Plural Nouns 23
Collective Nouns 34
Masculine and Feminine Nouns 37
4
Pronouns 44
Personal Pronouns 44
Reflexive Pronouns 47
Interrogative Pronouns 48
Demonstrative Pronouns 49
5
Adjectives 52
Adjective Endings 54
Kinds of Adjectives 58
Comparison of Adjectives 65
6
Determiners 71
The Articles 71
Demonstrative Determiners 73
Interrogative Determiners 74
Possessive Determiners 75
1 3
Sentences 139
What is a Sentence? 139
Kinds of Sentences 140
The Imperative 141
The Subject and the Object 143
Direct and Indirect Objects 144
Positive and Negative Sentences 146
Questions 147
8
Subject-Verb Agreement 12 3
9
Adverbs 127
1 0
Prepositions 132
1 1
Conjunctions 135
1 2
Interjections 138
1 4
Punctuation 150
Period 150
Comma 151
Exclamation Point 152
Question Mark 152
Apostrophe 153
7
Verbs and Tenses 79
The Simple Present Tense 80
Am, Is and Are 83
The Present Progressive Tense 89
Have and Has 93
The Present Perfect Tense 96
The Simple Past Tense 98
Regular and Irregular Verbs 99
Was and Were 104
The Past Progressive Tense 106
The Future Tense 108
Can and Could 112
May and Might 113
Do, Does and Did 115
Would and Should 120
5
Here’s an old children’s rhyme about the eight parts of
speech of English grammar. It gives you an idea of what
grammar is about. Read and remember it.
Every name is called a ,noun
As
field
and
fountain
,
street
and
town
.
In place of noun the pronoun stands,
As
he
and
she
can clap their hands.
The describes a thing, adjective
As
magic
wand or
bridal
ring.
Most mean action, something done,verbs
To
read
and
write
, to
jump
and
run
.
How things are done the tell,adverbs
As
quickly
,
slowly
,
badly
,
well
.
The preposition shows relation,
As
in
the street or
at
the station.
Conjunctions join, in many ways,
Sentences, words,
or
phrase
and
phrase.
The cries out, “interjection
Heed!
An exclamation point must
follow me!”
What is Grammar?
1
Pronoun
Verb
Adjective
Noun
Preposition
Adverb
Interjection
Conjunction
6
The is also called a or capital letter big letter upper-
case letter, or sometimes just a .capital
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
When do you use a capital letter?
4Use a capital letter for the first letter in a
sentence:
The dog is barking.
Come here!
4 Always use a capital letter for the word :
am eight years old.
Tom and are good friends.
4 Use a capital letter for the names of people:
Alice, om, ames, im, now hiteT J K S W
4Use a capital letter for the names of places:
N L Sational Museum, Bronx Zoo, ondon, acramento
4Use a capital letter for festivals, holidays,
days of the week, months of the year:
ew ear’s ay, hristmas, abor ay, other’s ay, N Y D C L D M D
Sunday, Monday, Friday, January, May, uly, ctoberJ O
I
The Capital Letter
2
I
I
7
Exercise 1
Circle the letters that should be CAPITALS. Then write
the correct letter in the space above them.
1 peter and i are good friends.
2 we are going to chicago during our summer
vacation.
3 there is an interesting football game on sunday.
4 jason lives on thomson avenue.
5 january is the first month of the year.
Exercise 2
Look at the signs on the left. Can you find the
mistakes? Write the names correctly.
hopkins hotel lincoln school
newton roadorchard street
botanic gardens national library
shea stadium
8
Word File
Nouns are divided into common nouns and proper nouns.
Common nouns are words for people, animals, places,
or things.
These are words for people. They are common nouns.
artist
acrobat
clown
Another word for astronaut is
spaceman spacewoman or .
Here are more words for people:
actor lawyer
aunt judge
baby man
baker nurse
cook police officer
dentist singer
doctor soldier
giant teacher
Common Nouns
Nouns
3
astronaut
D
i
d
y
o
u
k
n
o
w
?
9
Word File
These are words for animals. They are common nouns.
bird
crocodile
deer
Here are more words for animals:
cat goose
cow hen
dog horse
dolphin mouse
duck parrot
fish shark
goat whale
zebra
eagle
bear
10
Word File
These are words for places. They are common nouns.
shop
beach
park
library
Here are more words for places:
airport market
cave mountain
church playground
farm restaurant
hill school
hospital seashore
hotel stadium
house supermarket
island temple
mall zoo
Everfresh Co.
| 1/159

Preview text:

Book 1 BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR Book 1 Three Watson Irvine, CA 92618-2767 Web site: www.sdlback.com
First published in the United States by Saddleback Educational Publishing, 3 Watson, Irvine,
CA 92618 by arrangement with Learners Publishing Pte Ltd, Singapore
Copyright ©2007 by Saddleback Educational Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this book
may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of the publisher. ISBN 1-59905-201-6
Printed in the United States of America
13 12 11 10 09 08 07 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Introduction
Grammar is a very old field of study. Did you know that the
sentence was first divided into subject and verb by Plato,
the famed philosopher from ancient Greece? That was
about 2,400 years ago! Ever since then, students all over
the world have found it worthwhile to study the structure
of words and sentences. Why? Because skill in speaking
and writing is the hallmark of all educated people.
Lesson by lesson, this book provides basic instruction
in the eight parts of speech—nouns, pronouns, verbs,
adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and
interjections—as well as the standard patterns of English sentences.
All students of English, be they native speakers or those
who are studying English as a second language, will
profit from the fundamental introduction and review of
grammar provided by SADDLEBACK’S BASIC ENGLISH
GRAMMAR 1 and 2. Helpful marginal notes throughout
the books have been provided to reinforce existing skills
and call attention to common problem areas.
We wish you every success in your pursuit of English proficiency. 1 What is Grammar? 5 The Simple Past Tense 98 Regular and Irregular Verbs 99 Was and Were 104 2 The Capital Letter 6 The Past Progressive Tense 106 The Future Tense 108 Can and Could 112 May and Might 11 3 3 Nouns 8 Do, Does and Did 115 Common Nouns 8 Would and Should 120 Proper Nouns 1 3 Singular Nouns 21 Plural Nouns 23 8 Subject-Verb Agreement 12 3 Collective Nouns 34
Masculine and Feminine Nouns 37 9 Adverbs 127 4 Pronouns 44 Personal Pronouns 44 1 0 Prepositions 132 Reflexive Pronouns 47 Interrogative Pronouns 48 Demonstrative Pronouns 49 1 1 Conjunctions 135 5 Adjectives 52 1 2 Interjections 138 Adjective Endings 54 Kinds of Adjectives 58 Comparison of Adjectives 65 1 3 Sentences 139 What is a Sentence? 139 6 Determiners 7 1 Kinds of Sentences 140 The Imperative 141 The Articles 71 The Subject and the Object 143 Demonstrative Determiners 73 Direct and Indirect Objects 144 Interrogative Determiners 74
Positive and Negative Sentences 146 Possessive Determiners 75 Questions 147 7 Verbs and Tenses 79 1 4 Punctuation 150 The Simple Present Tense 80 Period 150 Am, Is and Are 83 Comma 151 The Present Progressive Tense 89 Exclamation Point 152 Have and Has 93 Question Mark 152 The Present Perfect Tense 96 Apostrophe 153 1 What is Grammar?
Here’s an old children’s rhyme about the eight parts of
speech of English grammar. It gives you an idea of what
grammar is about. Read and remember it.
Every name is called a noun, Pronoun
As field and fountain, street and town. Noun
In place of noun the pronoun stands,
As he and she can clap their hands.
The adjective describes a thing, As magic wand or bridal ring. Adjective
Most verbs mean action, something done, Verb
To read and write, to jump and run.
How things are done the adverbs tell,
As quickly, slowly, badly, well. Preposition Adverb
The preposition shows relation,
As in the street or at the station.
Conjunctions join, in many ways,
Sentences, words, or phrase and phrase.
The interjection cries out, “ Heed! Interjection Conjunction An exclamation point must follow me!” 5 2 The Capital Letter
The capital letter is also called a big letter or upper-
case
letter, or sometimes just a capital. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
When do you use a capital letter?
4Use a capital letter for the first letter in a sentence: The dog is barking. Come here!
4 Always use a capital letter for the word : I Ia m eight years old. Tom and Ia re good friends.
4 Use a capital letter for the names of people:
Alice, Tom, James, Kim, Snow White
4Use a capital letter for the names of places:
National Museum, Bronx Zoo, London, Sacramento
4Use a capital letter for festivals, holidays,
days of the week, months of the year:
New Year’s Day, Christmas, Labor Day, Mother’s Day,
Sunday, Monday, Friday, January, May, July, October 6 Exercise 1
Circle the letters that should be CAPITALS. Then write
the correct letter in the space above them.
1 peter and i are good friends. 2
we are going to chicago during our summer vacation.
3 there is an interesting football game on sunday. 4 jason lives on thomson avenue. 5
january is the first month of the year. Exercise 2
Look at the signs on the left. Can you find the
mistakes? Write the names correctly. hopkins hotel lincoln school orchard street newton road botanic gardens national library shea stadium 7 3 Nouns Common Nouns
Nouns are divided into common nouns and proper nouns.
Common nouns are words for people, animals, places, or things.
These are words for people. They are common nouns. artist Word File
Here are more words for people: actor lawyer aunt judge baby man baker nurse cook police officer acrobat clown dentist singer doctor soldier giant teacher astronaut y o u k n i d o D w?
Another word for astronaut is
spaceman or spacewoman. 8
These are words for animals. They are common nouns. eagle zebra deer crocodile bird bear Word File
Here are more words for animals: cat goose cow hen dog horse dolphin mouse duck parrot fish shark goat whale 9
These are words for places. They are common nouns. beach park Word File
Here are more words for places: airport market cave mountain library church playground shop farm restaurant hill school Everfresh Co. hospital seashore hotel stadium house supermarket island temple mall zoo 10