Boost Your Vocabulary - English | Trường Đại Học Ngoại ngữ Huế

Cußn sách này là c a ủ
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iểm mục tiêu cho phần thi IELTS Reading là: …………
ể làm ược iều này, mình ẽ s  ọc c ố
u n sách này ít nhất …. lần/tuần. Tài li u ệ g c
ố Cambridge IELTS của NXB ại học Cambridge-Mua sách gốc tại link Biên t p
ậ cuốn sách Boost your vocabulary này ược thực hiện bởi IELTS Family-Các nhóm t ự h c ọ IELTS LâI GIàI THI U Þ Chào các bạn,
Các bạn ang cầm trên tay cuốn nhóm IELTS Family. Cuốn sách ược viết nhằm mục ích giúp các bạn ang muốn cải thiện vốn từ
vựng cho phần thi Reading trong IELTS. Sách ược viết dựa trên n n ề t n ả g b ộ Cambridge IELTS của
Nhà xuất bản ại học Cambridge 3 Anh Qu c ố . Trong quá trình thực hi n
ệ , mình và các bạn trong nhóm ã dành nhiều thßi gian ể nghiên cứu cách
thức ưa nội dung sao cho khoa h c ọ và d
ễ dùng nhất với các bạn. Tuy vậy, cuốn sách không khỏi có
những hạn chế nhất  n
ị h. Mọi góp ý ể cải thiện nội dung cuốn sách mọi ngưßi xin gửi về email Trân trọng cảm ơn, Tài li u ệ g c
ố Cambridge IELTS của NXB ại học Cambridge-Mua sách gốc tại link Biên t p
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Hiện tại là giáo viên dạy IELTS tại Hà Nội từ cuối năm 2012. Chứng c ỉ h
ngành ngôn ngữ Anh, ại học Brighton, Anh Quốc, 2016.T n ừ g làm việc
tại tổ chức giáo dục quốc tế Language Link Việt Nam (2011-2012) Facebook.com/dinhthangielts
… cùng các bạn Tuyết Trinh, H¿nh Ngô Tài tr ÿ
Team làm sách xin trân trọng c m
ả ơn HP Academy - trung tâm ã tài trợ một phần kinh phí  ể làm nên bộ sách này.
HP Academy là NHÀ dành cho việc d y ạ và h c
ọ IELTS tại 2 cơ sá Tân Bình và Gò Vấ p, TP.HCM. à HP, các ạ b n ẽ
s KHÔNG ược cam kết  u
ầ ra. Kết quả của các cựu học viên chính là câu trả lßi chính xác nhất cho chất lượng dạy và học. www.hpacademy.vn Tài li u ệ g c
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BOOST YOUR VOCABULARY – CAMBRIDGE IELTS 15 03 LÝ DO T I S ¾ AO NÊN Hà C TĀ Vþ NG THEO CUÞN SÁCH NÀY
1. Không còn mất nhiều thã i gian cho viß c tra tā Các t ừ h c
ọ thuật (academic words) trong sách ều có kèm giải thích hoặc từ ồng nghĩa. Bạn
tiết kiệm ược áng kể thßi gian gõ từng t ừ vào từ  n
iể và tra. Chắc chắn những b n ạ thuộc
dạng ừ vựng= sẽ thích iều này.
2. Tập trung bß nhá vào các tā quan tráng
Mặc dù cuốn sách không tra hết các t
ừ giúp bạn nhưng sách ã chọn ra các t ừ quan tr n ọ g và phổ biến n ấ
h t giúp bạn. Như vậy, bạn có thể tập trung bộ nhớ vào các t ừ này, thay vì ph i ả mất công nh
ớ các từ không quan trọng. Bạn nào  t ạ Reading t
ừ 7.0 trá lên ều sẽ thấy rất nhiều trong số các t ừ này thu c ộ lo i ạ h t ế s c ứ quen thuộc 3. H c á mßt tā nhá nhiề u tā
Rất nhiều từ ược trình bày theo synonym (từ ồng nghĩa), giúp các bạn có thể xem lại và học
thêm các từ có nghĩa tương ương hoặc g ố
i ng như từ gốc. Có thể n
ói, ây là phương pháp học
hết sức hiệu quả vì khi học một từ như impact, bạn có thể nhớ lại hoặc học thêm m t ộ lo t ạ các từ
nghĩa tương ương như significant, vital, imperative, chief, key. Nói theo cách khác thì nếu
khả năng ghi nhớ của b n ạ t t
ố thì cuốn sách này giúp bạn  y ấ số lượng t ừ vựng lên m t ộ cách áng kể. 1 Tài li u ệ g c
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BOOST YOUR VOCABULARY – CAMBRIDGE IELTS 15 H¯àNG D N Ẫ SĂ DĀNG SÁCH ÞI T¯þNG S Ă DĀNG SÁCH
Nhìn chung các bạn cần có mức  ộ t
ừ vựng tương ương 5.5 trá lên (theo thang iểm 9 của
IELTS), nếu không có thể sẽ gặp nhiều khó khăn trong việc sử dụng sách này. CÁC B¯àC SĂ DĀNG
CÁCH 1: LÀM TEST TR¯àC, HàC TĀ VþNG SAU
B°ác 1: B¿n in cußn sách này ra. Nên in bìa màu ể có thêm ộng lực học. Cuốn sách
ược thiết kế cho việc  c ọ trực ti p ế , không ph i
ả cho việc ọc online nên bạn nào  c ọ online sẽ có thể thấy khá b t
ấ tiện khi tra cứu,  i ố chi u ế t ừ vựng
B°ác 2: Tìm mua cußn Cambridge IELTS (8 cu n ố mới nhất t ừ 6-14) của Nhà x ấ u t bản
Cambridge ể làm. Hãy cẩn thận  n
ừ g mua nhầm sách lậu. Sách của nhà xuất b n ả Cambridge ược tái ả b n ạ
t i Việt Nam thưßng có bìa và giấy dày, ch ữ r t ấ rõ nét. B°ác 3: Làm
mßt bài test hoặc passage bất kỳ trong bß sách trên. Ví d ụ passage 1,
test 1 của Cambridge IELTS 13.
B°ác 4: ßi chiếu v ái cußn sách này, bạn ẽ s ọ l c ra các ừ
t vựng quan trọng cần học.
Ví dụ passage 1, test 1 của Cambridge IELTS 13, bài về Tourism New Zealand Website: B n ạ sẽ thấy
4.1 Cột bên trái là bản text gốc, trong ó bôi ậm các từ h c ọ thuật - academic word 4.2 Cßt bên phÁi ch a
ÿ các tā vÿng này theo kèm ßnh nghĩa (definition) hoặc tā ồng nghĩa (synonym) 2 Tài li u ệ g c
ố Cambridge IELTS của NXB ại học Cambridge-Mua sách g c ố tại link Biên t p
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BOOST YOUR VOCABULARY – CAMBRIDGE IELTS 15
CÁCH 2: Hà C TĀ VþNG TR¯àC, àC TEST SAU
B°ác 1: B¿n in cußn sách này ra. Nên in bìa màu ể có thêm ộng lực học. Cuốn sách
ược thiết kế cho việc  c ọ trực ti p ế , không ph i
ả cho việc ọc online nên bạn nào  c ọ online sẽ có thể thấy khá b t
ấ tiện khi tra cứu,  i ố chi u ế t ừ vựng
B°ác 2: ác cßt bên trái nh° ác báo. Duy trì hàng ngày. Khi nào không hiểu từ nào
thì xem nghĩa hoặc synonym của từ ó á cột bên phải. Giai oạn này giúp b n ạ phát triển việc ọc t
ự nhiên, thay vì ọc theo kiểu làm test. Bạn càng hiểu nhiều càng tốt. Cố
gắng nhớ từ theo ngữ cảnh. B°ác 3: Làm
mßt bài test hoặc passage bất kỳ trong bß sách Cambridge IELTS. Ví
dụ bạn ọc xong cuốn Boost your vocabulary 13 này thì có thể quay lại làm các test
trong cuốn 10 chẳng hạn. Làm test xong thì cß gắng phát hißn các tā ã hác trong
cuốn 13. Bạn nào có khả năng ghi nh
ớ tốt chắc chắn sẽ gặp lại rất nhi u ề từ ã học. Bạn nào có khả năng ghi nh
ớ vừa phải cũng sẽ g p ặ lại không ít từ.
B°ác 4: ọc cuốn Boost your vocabulary tương ứng với test bạn vừa làm. Ví dụ trong cuốn Boost your vocabulary 10.
Tóm lại, mình ví dụ 1 chu trình ầy ủ theo cách này
B1. ọc hiểu và học từ cuốn Boost your vocabulary 13
B2. Làm test 1 trong cuốn Boost your vocabulary 10
B3. ọc hiểu và học từ cuốn Boost your vocabulary 10 & tìm các từ ặ
l p lại mà bạn ã ọc trong c ố u n Boost your vocabulary 13 3 Tài li u ệ g c
ố Cambridge IELTS của NXB ại học Cambridge-Mua sách g c ố tại link Biên t p
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BOOST YOUR VOCABULARY – CAMBRIDGE IELTS 15 TEST 1 READING PASSAGE 1 T
nutmeg= a brown powder made from the seed of a
tropical tree, which is used as a spice
he nutmeg tree, Myristica fragra , ns is a large
valuable= important, beneficial, worthy #worthless
spice= a type of powder or seed, taken from plants,
that you put into food you are cooking to give it a special taste evergreen tree native t
o Southeast Asia. Until the late
myristica fragrans= east indian tree widely cultivated
in the tropics for its aromatic seed
18th century, it only grew in one place in the world: a
evergreen= an evergreen tree or bush does not lose its leaves in winter
small group of islands in the Banda Sea, part of the
native to= indigenous, local, aboriginal, resident #foreign branch= split, fork, divide Moluccas
4 or Spice Islands 4 in northeastern
dense= thick, close together #transparent foliage= leaves
Indonesia. The tree is thickly branched with dense
tough= not easily broken or made weaker oval= ovate, egg-shaped
foliage of tough, dark green oval leaves, and produces
bell-shaped= shaped like a bell
pale= pallid, faint, weak #strong small, yellow, bell-s
haped flowers and pale yellow pear-
pear-shaped= shaped like a pear
encase sth in sth= cover, enclose, wrap #uncover
shaped fruits. The fruit is encased in a fleshy husk.
fleshy= having a soft thick inner part
husk= shell, pod, covering #kernel
When the fruit is ripe, this husk splits into two halves ripe= fully grown, mature
split into= divide, separate, break up, #united along a ri
dge running the length of the fruit, inside is a ridge= edge, point 4 Tài li u ệ g c
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BOOST YOUR VOCABULARY – CAMBRIDGE IELTS 15 purple-brown shiny seed, - 2 3 cm long by about 2 cm
shiny= glossy, gleaming, sparkly
seed= one of the small hard objects in a fruit such as
across, surrounded by a lacy red or crimson covering
an apple or orange, from which new fruit trees grow
surround= enclose, encircle, envelop lacy= ma e d of lace
cal ed an 8aril9. These are the sources of the two spices crimson= deep red in colour
aril= an extra seed covering, typically coloured and nutmeg and m ace, the f
ormer being produced from the hairy or fleshy
mace= a spice made from the dried shell of a nutmeg dried see d and the latte r from the ari .l
former= previous, past, earlier, prior
latter= last, later, final #former, previous
prized= extremely important or valuable to someone
Nutmeg was a highly prized and costly ingredie nt in
costly= expensive, high, exorbitant
ingredient= element, component, part, item, thing European cuisi
ne in the Middle Ages, and was used as cuisine= food, cooking
middle ages= the period in european history between about 1100 and 1500 ad
a flavouring, medicinal, and preservative agent.
flavouring= a substance used to give something a
particular flavour or increase its flavour
Throughout this period, the Arabs were the exclusiv e
medicinal= used for treating medical problems
preservative= conserving, preserving, protective
importers of the spice to Europe. They sold nut meg for #destructive
agent= a chemical or substance that is used for a
particular purpose or that has a particular effect
high prices to merchants based in Venic , e but they
exclusive= sole, limited #partial
importer= a person, company, or country that buys
never revealed the exact location of the source of this
goods from other countries so they can be sold in their own country
merchant= wholesaler, trader, dealer extremely valuable commodit . y The Arab-Venetian
be based in sth= to have your main place of work,
business etc in a particular place
dominance of the trade finally ended in 1512, when the
reveal= tell, expose, disclose #conceal commodity= product, goods
dominance of= supremacy, domination, control, Portuguese reac t
hed he Banda Islands and began power, ascendency #weakness reach= arrive, go, move exploiting its pr ecious r esources.
exploit= use, utilize, make use of, take advantage of
precious= valuable, treasurable, priceless #worthless
resource= source, reserve, supply
be in danger of (doing) sth= risk, threat, hazard, Always in danger of competiti on from neighbouring endangerment #safety
subcontract sth to sb= if a company subcontracts
Spain, the Portuguese began subcontracti t
ng heir spice work, they pay other people to do part of their work for them
distribution to Dutch traders. Profits began to f
low into distribution= supply, spreading, delivery
trader= dealer, merchant, seller
the Netherlands, and the Dutch commercia lfleet swiftly flow into sth= run, pour, floo d
commercial= business-related, for-profit #charitable
grew into one of the largest in the world. The Dutch
fleet= a group of ships, or all the ships in a navy
swiftly= quickly, speedily, rapidly #slowly
quietly gained control of most of the shipping and trading
fall under= to be influenced or affected by of spice
s in Northern Europe. Then, in 1580, Portugal fell (something)
lock sb out of sth= to prevent a person or under Spanish r
ule, and by the end of the 16th century
organization from having or being able to take part the Dutch f ound themselves locked out of the market. in something
soar= climb, rocket, rise, increase, #decrease,
As prices for pepper, nutmeg, and other spices soared drop, plummet 5 Tài li u ệ g c
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BOOST YOUR VOCABULARY – CAMBRIDGE IELTS 15
across Europe, they decided to fight back.
fight back= to work hard to achieve or oppose
something, especially in a situation where you are losing
merchant= wholesaler, trader, dealer In 1602, Dutch merchants f ounded the VOC, a trading
found= start, create, establish, set up #clos e
corporation better known as the Dutch East India
corporation= company, business, firm, organization
Company. By 1617, the VOC was the richest commercia l army= large organized group of people trained to fight
operation in the world. The company had 50,000 on land in a war employees worldwi , de with a private arm y of 30,000
plague= disease, epidemic, pandemic, illness men and a flee
t of 200 ships. At the same time,
contagious= transmissible, transmittable, infectious
thousands of people across Europe were dying of the
desperate= anxious, worried, frantic, hopeless #calm plague, a highly c
ontagious and deadly disease.
spread= if something spreads or is spread, it
Doctors were desperate for a way to stop the sprea d of
becomes larger or moves so that it affects more people or a larger area
this disease, and they decided nutmeg held the cure.
cure= treatment, therapy, medication
Everybody wanted nutmeg, and many were willing to
spare no expense to do sth= to spend as much spare no expense to have it. N utmeg bought for a few
money or do everything necessary to make
pennies in Indonesia could be sold for 68,000 times its
something really good or successful
original cost on the sweets of London. The only problem
penny - pennies (plural) = a small unit of money in
was the short supply. And that9s where the Dutch f ound
britain. there are 100 pence in one pound their opportunity.
rule= govern, reign, lead, control The Banda Islands were rule d by local sultans who
sultan= a ruler in some muslim countries
insist on= require, enforce, oblig e
insisted on maintaining a neutral trading policy towards neutral= unbiased, impartial #biased
power= authority, control, supremacy foreign power .
s This allowed them to avoid the presence troop= crowd, flock, group
of Portuguese or Spanish troops on their soil, but it also
unprotected= defenseless, inseure, vulnerable
invader= attacker, assailant, intruder
left them unprotected from other invaders. In 1621, the
take over= take control, take charge, come to power
concentrate= collect, mass, assemble #disperse Dutch arrived and took .
over Once securely in control of
guarded= secured, protected, watched
uproot= deracinate, pull up, dig up #plant
the Bandas, the Dutch went to work protecting their new
plantation= farm, agricultural estate, cultivated area
investment. They concentrated all nutmeg production zone= area, region, sector
catch sb doing sth= to see someone doing into a few easily guar ded areas, uprooti ng and
something that they did not want you to know they
destroying any trees outside the plantation zones. were doing
seedling= sprout, sapling, plantlet
Anyone caught growing a nutmeg seedling or carrying
proper= appropriate, suitable, apt.
authority= permission, license, mandate
seeds without the proper authority was severely
lime= a white substance obtained by burning punished. In addition, a ll exported nutme g was covered
limestone, used for making cement, marking sports fields etc
with lime to make sure there was no chance a fertile
fertile= able to produce babies, young animals, or new plants #infertile
seed which could be grown elsewhere would leave the
obstacle= problem, difficulty, hindrance
islands. There was only one obstacle to Dutch
domination= power, control, authority, supremacy, government
domination. One of the Banda Islands, a s liver of land
sliver= a small pointed or thin piece that has been cut or broken off something 6 Tài li u ệ g c
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BOOST YOUR VOCABULARY – CAMBRIDGE IELTS 15
called Run, only 31cm long by less than 1 km wide, was under the control o f sb= the power to make the
decisions about how a country, place, company etc is
under the control of the British. After decades of fighting organized or what it does
arrive at a decision/solution/compromise etc=
for control of this tiny island, the Dutch and British arrived to reach a decision, solution etc after a lot of effort
compromise= arrangement, agreement, deal
at a compromise settlement, the Treaty of Breda, in
settlement= resolution, conclusion, decision, agreement 1667.
treaty= agreement, accord, pact, truce
intent on= to be determined to do something or
Intent on securing their hold over every nutmeg- achieve something
producing island, the Dutch offered a tra : de if the British
hold= control, power, influence
would give them the island of Run, they would in tur n
trade= when you exchange something you have for
something that someone else has give Britain a dista nt and much less valuabl e island in
in turn= as a result of something
North America. The British agreed. That other island was
distant= remote, far, isolated #near
Manhattan, which is how New Amsterdam became New
monopoly= if a company or government has a
monopoly of a business or political activity, it has
York. The Dutch now had a monopoly over the nutmeg
complete control of it so that other organizations
trade which would last for another century. cannot compete with it
Then, in 1770, a Frenchman named Pierre Poivre
smuggle= to take something or someone illegally
successfully smuggled nutmeg plants to safety in from one country to another
off the coast= the area where the land meets the sea
Mauritius, an island off the coast of Africa. Some of
thrive= flourish, grow well #fail
these were later exported to the Caribbean where they
volcanic= relating to or caused by a volcano
eruption= outbreak, explosion, emission
thrived, especially on the island of Grenada. Next, in tsunami= tidal wave 1778, a volcanic erupti
on in the Banda region caused a
wipe out= destroy, eradicate, devastate, remove #protect
tsunami that wiped out half the nutmeg groves. Finally, grove= plantation, copse, a piece of land with trees
in 1809, the British returned to Indonesia and seized the growing on it
seize= capture, conquer, take control of, take Banda Islands by forc .
e They returned the islands to the over
Dutch in 1817, but not before transplanti h ng undreds of
by force= violent physical action used to get nutmeg seedlings to plantati ons in several locations what you want
across southern Asia. The Dutch nutmeg monopoly was transplant= relocate, resettle, uproot over.
Today, nutmeg is grown in Indonesia, the Caribbean,
India, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea and Sri Lanka, and
world nutmeg production is estimated to average
estimate= guess, assess, appraise
between 10,000 and 12,000 tonnes per year. 7 Tài li u ệ g c
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BOOST YOUR VOCABULARY – CAMBRIDGE IELTS 15 READING PASSAGE 2 A
driverless= a driverless vehicle is controlled by The automotive sect or is well used to adapting t o
equipment in the vehicle, rather than by a human driver
automotive= motorized, locomotive, r elating to cars
automation in manufacturing. The implementation of sector= area, part, division
adapt to= acclimatize, adjust, modify robotic car manufactur e from the 1970s onwar ds led to
implementation= application, operation, carrying out
automation= the use of computers and machines instead of people to do a job
significant cost savings and improvements in the
manufacture= production, making, construction
implementation= application, execution, enactment
reliability and flexibility of vehicle mass production. A
onwards= forwards, ahead, straight on #backwards
significant= considerable, large, major #paltry
new challenge to vehicle production is now on t he
cost saving= money that a company has saved by deliberately spending less
reliability= dependability, consistency
horizon and, again, it comes from automation.
flexibility= suppleness, elasticity
mass production= when products are made in large
However, this time it is not to do with the manufacturi ng
numbers by machines so that they can be sold cheaply
on the horizon= to seem likely to happen in the
process, but with the vehicles themselves. future
Research projects on vehicle automati on are not new.
self-driving = used to refer to a vehicle that drives
Vehicles with limited self-driving capabilitie s have been itself
capability= ability, capacity #inability
around for more than 50 years, resulting in significa nt
contribution= influence, involvement, impact
contributions towards driver assistance systems. But
assistance= help, support, aid #hindrance 8 Tài li u ệ g c
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nnounced in 2010 that it had been
announce= publicize, declare, say
trial= to thoroughly test something to see if it
trialling self-driving cars on the streets of California,
works correctly or is effective
progress= development, growth, improvement
progress in this field has quickly gathered pace. #regression
gather pace= happen more quickly B
There are many reasons why technology is advancing
advance= improve, develop, enhance cite= mention, refer to
so fast. One frequently cited motive is safety; Indeed,
motive= reason, cause, purpose, intention, aim
indeed= certainly, actually, in fact
research at the UK9s Transport Researc
h Laboratory has demonstrate= show, reveal, display #conceal collision= crash, accident
demonstrated that more than 90 percent of road
involve= include, comprise, encompass
collisions involve human error as a c ontributory
human error= an error that is typical of humans rather than machines
factor, and it is the primary cause in the vast majority.
contributory= related, causal, influential
primary= main, key, chief, crucial
Automation may help to reduce the incidence of this.
great/vast/overwhelming majority of sth= almost all of a group Another aim is to fre
e the time people spend driving for
incidence of= occurrence, prevalence, frequency,
other purposes. If the vehicle can do some or all of the rate, numbers
aim= goal, purpose, objective, target, intention
driving, it may be possible to be productive, to socialise free= release, set free, liberate
productive= producing or achieving a lot
or simply to relax while automati on systems have
socialize= to spend time with other people in a
responsibility for safe control of the vehicle. If the friendly way
have responsibility for (doing) sth=
vehicle can do the driving, those who are challenged by accountability, duty, charge existing mobility m
odels 4 such as older or disabled
existing= current, present, prevailing
mobility= movement, motion #immobility travellers
4 may be able to enjoy significantly greater
model= type, sort, kind, brand, version travel autonomy.
autonomy= independence, self-sufficiency #dependence C
Beyond these direct benefits, we can consider the wider beyond= further than, away from
wider= broader, varied, wide-ranging #narrower
implications for transport and society, and how
implication= effect, consequence, repercussion
manufacturing processes might need to respond as a
respond= react, act in, response #ignore
average= normal, regular, typical, standard result. At present, the avera ge car spends more than 90
park= to put a car or other vehicle in a particular
percent of its life parked. Automation means that place for a period of time
initiative= plan, idea, project, program
initiatives for car-sharing become much more v iable,
car-sharing= an arrangement in which a group of
particularly in urban areas with significa nt travel
people travel together in one car to work or school
demand. If a significant proporti on of the population
viable= feasible, practical, practicable #impossible
automated= automatic, robotic, computerized, choose to use shared automate d vehicles, mobilit y programmed #manual demand can be met by fa r fewer vehicles.
by far= used to say that something is much better, worse etc than anything else 9 Tài li u ệ g c
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The Massachusetts Institute of Technology investigated
implement= carry out, put into operation, put
automated mobility in Singapore, finding that fewer than into action, apply
30 percent of the vehicles currently used would be
this is the case= a situation that exists, required if fully automate d car sharing could be
especially as it affects a particular person or
implemented. If this is the case, it might mean that we group need to manufactur
e far fewer vehicles to meet demand. modelling= the process of making a scientific
However, the number of trips being taken would probably or computer model of something to show how
increase, partly because empty vehicles would have to
it works or to understand it better
be moved from one customer to the next.
ownership= possession, tenure,
Modelling work by the University of Michigan proprietorship
Transportation Research Institute suggests automated
mileage= the number of miles someone
travels in a vehicle in a particular period of
vehicles might reduce vehicle ownershi p by 43 percent, time
but that vehicles9 average annual milea ge would double
intensively= in a way that involves a lot of
as a result. As a consequence, each vehicle would be
activity, effort, or careful attention in a short
used more intensively, and might need replacing period of time
sooner. This faster rate of turnover may mean that
turnover= the rate at which a particular kind
vehicle production will not necessarily decrease. of goods is sold E Automation may pr
ompt other changes in vehicle
prompt= stimulate, encourage , motivate #prevent
a range of= a variety of, a mixture of, diverse,
manufacture. If we move to a model where consumers various
are tending not to own a singl e vehicle but to purc hase
freedom= liberty, self-determination,
independence, choice #restriction
access to a range of vehicles through a mobility provider, select= choose, pick, opt for, decide on
suit= fit match, go well with, be appropriate drivers will have the free dom to selec t one that best
make a compromise= settlement, agreement,
suits their needs for a particular journey, rather than deal, bargain
unoccupied= vacant, empty, unused, unfilled
making a compromise across all their requirements. #occupied
Since, for most of the time, most of the seats in most cars boost= increase, improve, enhance #reduce
efficient= if someone or something is efficient,
are unoccupied, this may boost production of a smaller, they work well without wasting time, money, or
more efficient range of vehicles that suit the needs of energy individual= person, being
individuals. Specialised vehicles may then be available specialized= trained, designed, or developed for a
particular purpose, type of work, place etc for excepti
onal journeys, such as going on a family exceptional
available= existing, free, untaken
camping trip or helping a son or daughter move to
exceptional= unusual and likely not to happen university. often 10 Tài li u ệ g c
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hurdle= obstacle, difficulty, problem, barrier, block
There are a number of hurdles to overcome in
overcome= defeat, beat, conquer
delivering automated vehicles to our roads. These
ensure= guarantee, confirm, make sure, make certain
include the technical difficulties in ensuri ng that the
reliably= in a way that can be trusted or believed
vehicle works reliably i n the infinite range of traffic,
infinite= boundless, limitless, vast #limited
weather and road situations it might encounte ; r the
encounter= face, confront, meet #avoid
regulatory= controlling, supervisory, monitoring
regulatory challenges in understanding how l iability and liability= obligation, responsibility, accountability
enforcement might change when drivers are no longer
enforcement= when people are made to obey a
essential for vehicle operation; and the societal changes rule, law etc
essential= vital, important, crucial, critical,
that may be required for communities to trust and accept
needed, necessary #unnecessary
automated vehicles as being a valuabl e part of the
societal= social, shared, public, community
valuable= valued, precious, important mobility la . ndscape
landscape= situation, circumstances G
It9s clear that there are many chal enges that need to be
address= tackle, adopt, deal with #ignore
robust= a robust system, organization etc is
addressed but, through robust and targeted research,
strong and not likely to have problems targeted= aimed, pointed
these can most probably be conquere d within the next
conquere= dominate, seize, occup y
in association with sb/sth= made or done with
10 years. Mobility will change in such potentially
another person, organization etc
telepresence= the use of virtual reality technology
significant ways and in association with so many other
to operate machinery by remote control or to
create the effect of being at a different or
technological developments, such as telepresence and imaginary location
virtual reality= an environment produced by a virtual r
eality, that it is hard to make c oncrete
computer that looks and seems real to the person experiencing it
predictions about the future. However, one thing is
concrete= real, tangible, actual
prediction= forecast, guess, calculation
certain: change is coming, and the need to be flexible in flexible= adaptable, variable, open
in response to sth= something that is done as a
response to this will be vital for those involved in
reaction to something that has happened or been said
manufacturing the vehicles that will delive r future
vital= critical, crucial, important #unimportant involve in= engage, include mobility.
deliver= bring, send, transport 11 Tài li u ệ g c
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BOOST YOUR VOCABULARY – CAMBRIDGE IELTS 15 READING PASSAGE 3 We are all explorer . s Our desire to discover, and
exploration= discovery, search explorer= traveler, voyager
desire= wish, craving, aspiration
then share that new-found knowledge, is part of what new-found= recently obtained, found, or achieved
indeed= actually, in fact, in reality makes us human 4 i , ndeed this has played an
play a part/role= to have an effect or influence on something
species= class, type, kind, sort, group
important part in our success as a species. Long
caveman= someone who lived in a cave many thousands of years ago
slump down= drop, fall, crash, collapse #rise
before the first caveman slumped dow n beside the
grunt= mumble, murmur, make a sound
wildebeest= a large southern african animal with a tail fire and grunte
d news that there were plenty of and curved horns
yonder= over there 3 used to show or explain where something or someone is wildebeest over y onder, our a ncestors had learnt
ancestor= forefather, antecedent #descendant
send out= to make a person or a group of people or
things go from one place to various other places
the value of sending out scout s to investigate the scout= detective, spy
the unknown= things that you do not know or
unknown. This questing nature of ours understand quest= search, hunt, seek # find nature= someone's character undoubtedly helped our s pecies spread around the
undoubtedly= certainly, unquestionably, undeniably, without doubt #doubtfully globe= world, eart h
globe, just as it nowadays no doubt helps the last
doubt= uncertainty, disbelief #certainty
nomadic= if someone leads a nomadic life, they travel nomadic Penan maintain their e xistence in the
from place to place and do not live in any one place for very long
existence= life, presence, survival 12 Tài li u ệ g c
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depleted forests of Borneo, and a visitor negot iate
depleted= reduced, drained, diminished
negotiate= pass, navigate, go around
subway= a path for people to walk under a road or the subway s of New York. railway
Over the years, we9ve come to think of explorers a s
come to do sth= to begin to have a feeling or opinion
peculiar= strange, weird, unusual, abnormal #normal
a peculiar breed 4 different from the rest of us,
breed= type, class, kind, sort
the rest of= what is left after everything or everyone
different from those of us who are merely 8wel
else has gone, been used, dealt with, or mentioned
merely= just, only, simply, purely
suited= suitable, appropriate, fit
travel ed9, even; and perhaps there is a type of person seek out= to try to find someone or something,
especially when this is difficult more suite d to seeking out the new, a type of
inclined= to be likely to do something or behave in a particular way caveman more i nclined to r
isk venturing out. That, risk= hazard, venture, take the risk of, take a chance
venture out= to go somewhere that could be
however, doesn9t take away from the fact that we all dangerous
take away from= to spoil the good effect or success that something has have this enquiring insti , nct even today; and that in
enquiring= interested, curious, questioning
instinct= nature, character, predisposition all sorts of professions 4 whether artist, mari ne
profession= job, career, vocation
marine= relating to the sea and the creatures that live
biologist or astronomer 4 border s of the unknown there
astronomer= stargazer, starwatcher, astronomer, are being tested each day.
border= edge, limit, boundary, margin test= examine, check, assess
fictional= imaginary, imagined, fantastic #real
Thomas Hardy set some of his novels in Egdon
uncultivated= fallow, unplanted, unfarmed #cultivated
Heath, a fictional area of uncultivate d land, and
landscape= scenery, land, site, scene
suggest= propose, recommend, put forward used the la
ndscape to suggest the desires and
character= a person in a book, play, film etc
fears of his characters. He is delving into matters
delve into= explore, research, examine, look into
we all recognise because they are common to
humanity= humankind, people, human race remote= far, distant, faraway
humanity. This is surely an act of exploration, and
puny= a puny person is small, thin, and weak
into a world as remote as the author chooses.
irrelevant= immaterial #relevant
Explorer and travel writer Peter Fleming talks of the
alien= extra-terrestrial, extraterrestrial, creature from outer space, space invader moment when the explore r returns to the existe nce
crawl over= if an insect crawls, it moves using its legs
he has left behind with his loved ones. The traveller
laboriously= arduously, strenuously, hard #easily
8who has for weeks or months seen himself only as a root= origin, derivation, foundation
background= someone's family, education, previous puny and irrelevant alien c rawling l aboriously work etc
over a country in which he has no roots and no
encounter= meet, come across, bump into
background, suddenly encounters his other self, a
relatively= quite, rather, comparatively
solid= hard or firm, with a fixed shape, and not a liquid
relatively solid figure, with a place in the minds of or gas certain people9. 13 Tài li u ệ g c
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In this book about the exploration of the earth9s
surface= outside, facade, exterior
confine yourself to (doing) sth= restrict, restrain, limit,
surface, I have confined myself to those whose keep
travels were real and who also aimed at more than
leave sb with sth= if an event, accident, illness etc
leaves you in a particular condition, you are in that
personal discovery. But that still left me with another condition because of it
problem: the word 8explorer9 has become
associated= related, linked, connected
past= previous, earlier, preceding associated with a past e ra. We think back to a era= age, period, time golden age, a
s if exploration peaked somehow in
golden age= period during which sth is very
successful, especially in the past the 19th century 4 as i f the process of discovery is
as if= in a way that makes it seem that something is now on the decli ,
ne though the truth is that we have
true or that something is happening peak= top, climax #dip
named only one and a half mil ion of this planet9s
somehow= in some way, or by some means, although
species, and there may be more than 10 million 4 you do not know how
bacteria= microorganisms, microbes, germs
and that9s not including bacteria. We have studied
scarcely= barely, hardly #fully only 5 per cent of the specie s we know. We have
map= to discover or show information about something,
especially about its shape or arrangement, or how it
scarcely mapped the ocean floors, and how even moves or works
less about ourselves; we fully understand the
ocean floor= the bottom of a sea or ocean the workings o
f sth= the way that an organization,
workings of only 10 per cent of our brains. machine or organism operates
define= describe, state, explain
Here is how some of today9s 8explorers9 defi ne the dub= call, name, label
word. Ran Fiennes, dubbed the 8greatest living
scientifically= in a way that relates to science, or uses the methods of science
explorer9, said, 8An explorer is someone who has
leading= famous, outstanding, well-known
done something that no human has done before 4
mountaineer= hiker, climber, walker, rock climber
and also done something scientifically useful.9 Chris in the act of doing sth=at the moment that you are doing something Bonington, a leadi ng mountai , neer felt explorati on
campaigner= activist, supporter, promoter was to be found in the act
of physically touching the on behalf of= instead of someone, or as their representative
unknown: 8You have to have gone somewhere new.9 so-called= used to show that something or someone is
Then Robin Hanbury-Tenison, a campai gner on
usually called a particular name
behalf of remote so-called 8tribal9 peoples, said, 8A tribal= ethnic, clannish far-off= far, remote, distant
traveller simply records information about some far-
cross= traverse, go across, cross over
off world, and reports back; but an explorer changes unmechanised= not performed with machines or
the world.9 Wilfred Thesiger, who crossed A rabia9s involving machines
camel= a large desert animal with a long neck and
Empty Quarter in 1946, and belongs to an era of
either one or two humps (=large raised parts) on its back
unmechanised travel now lost to the rest of us, told
stunt= something that is done to attract people's
me, 8If I9d gone across by came lwhen I could have
attention, especially in advertising or politics
bring back= to start to use something again that was
gone by car, it would have been a stunt.9 To him, used in the past
exploration meant bringing back information from a regardless of= irrespective of, despite,
notwithstanding, no matter, in spite of, apart from remote place r egardless of any great s elf- #considering discovery.
self-discovery= the process of learning about yourself and your beliefs 14 Tài li u ệ g c
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BOOST YOUR VOCABULARY – CAMBRIDGE IELTS 15 Each definition is slightl y different 4 and tends to
definition= explanation, description, meaning
slightly= marginally, vaguely #considerably reflect the field of e
ndeavour of each pioneer. It was reflect= reveal, indicate, signal
endeavor= attempt, effort, try
the same whoever I asked: the prominent historia n
pioneer= innovator, inventor, developer, creator, discoverer would say explorati
on was a thing of the past, the
prominent= famous, well-known, important,
outstanding, renowned #obscure
cutting-edge scientist would say it was of the
historian= someone who studies history, or the history of a particular thing
cutting-edge= leading-edge, front-line, pioneering, present. And so . on They each set their own
innovative, radical #old-fashioned
scientist= someone who works or is trained in science
particular criteria; the common factor in their
and so on/forth=used at the end of a list to show that
you could continue it in a similar way
approach being that they all had, unlike many of us
criteria= standards, principles, measures, norms
approach= method, tactic, attitude
who simply enjoy travel or discovering new things,
definite= sure, certain, fixed #uncertain, unsure
objective= object, purpose, aim, point, goal, intention
both a very definite objective from the outset and
from the outset= from the beginning
finding= the information that someone has discovered also a desir e to record their findi . ngs
as a result of their study, work etc
declare= state, announce, assert, say publicly I9d best declare my own bia . s As a writer, I9m
bias= prejudice, partiality, favoritism, predisposition,
interested in the exploration of ideas. I9ve done a preference #impartiality
expedition= voyage, excursion, trip, journey great many expediti ons and each one was unique.
unique= sole, exclusive, exceptional, distinctive
I9ve lived for months alone with isolated groups of #common
people al around the world, even two 8uncontacted
isolated= remote, lonely, cut off
tribes9. But none of these things is of the slightest
uncontacted tribes= referred to lost tribes, are
interest to anyone unless, through my books, I9ve
communities who live, or have lived without significant found a new s lant, e xplored a new idea. Why?
contact with global civilization
Because the world has moved on. The time has long slant= viewpoint, attitude, perspective
passed for the great continental voyages
4 another move on= progress, move ahead, go on
continental= mainland, inland, interior, central, main walk to the pole , s another crossi ng of the Empty land
Quarter. We know how the land surfac
e of our planet voyage= relating to a large mass of land lies; explorati
on of it is now down to the details 4
pole= the most northern or most southern point on a the habits of micr , obes say, or the grazi ng planet, especially the earth
microbe= bug, germ, bacteria, microorganism
behaviour of buffalo. Aside from the deep sea and
graze= if an animal grazes, or if you graze it, it eats
deep underground, it9s the era of specialists. grass that is growing
aside from= besides, apart from, except for However, this is to disregar d the role the human
underground= under the earth's surface
specialist= expert, professional mind has in conveying remot e places; and this is
disregard= ignore, discount, forget
convey= communicate, send, pass on, express what interests me: how a fres h interpretati , on even
fresh= good or interesting because it has not been
of a well-travelled route, can give its readers new done, seen etc before
interpretation= clarification, understanding, insights. explanation route= way, road, path
insight= vision, perception, awareness 15 Tài li u ệ g c
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Nếu học ượ c một lượng từ vựng lớ n thì các bạn sẽ không ph
ả i quan tâm ến tip này hay trick kia
khi làm bài thi IELTS Reading. Mình tin là có những
bạn 1 tuần ọ c liên tục ượ c 2 cuốn Boost your
vocabulary, thậm chí là hơn. Truyệ n dài m ấy trăm trang mà nhi ề u b
ạ n có thể ọ c xong trong 1 êm, còn 1
ố cu n Boost your vocabulary là khá mỏ ng, và lại toàn ừ t ã ượ c tra s ẵn. V ậ y nên hãy cố gắng
ọc thật nhanh nhé các bạn inh Thắng 16 Tài li u ệ g c
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