CHUYÊN ĐỀ 5: SO SÁNH (COMPARISONS) A. LÍ THUYẾT I. SO SÁNH BẰNG 1. Khẳng định:
S + tobe + as + adj + as + noun/ pronoun.
S + V + as + adv + as + noun/ pronoun.
Ex: Lan is as young as Hoa. / Mai dances as beautifully as Hue. 1. Phủ định:
S + tobe + not + as/ so + adj + as + noun/ pronoun.
S + V + not + as/ so + adv + as + noun/ pronoun.
Ex: Lan isn’t as/ so young as Hoa. / Mai doesn’t dances as/ so beautifully as Hue.
2. Cấu trúc “the same as”: giống nhau
S + tobe/ V + the same + (noun) + as + noun/ pronoun.
Ex: This book is the same as that one. / She has the same height as my sister. II. SO SÁNH HƠN
1. Tính từ/ trạng từ ngắn
S + tobe + adj-er + than + noun/ pronoun.
S + V + adv-er + than + noun/ pronoun.
Ex: My house is smaller than her house. She runs faster than me.
 Lưu ý về cách thêm “er” đối với tính từ/ trạng từ ngắn:
+ Đối với tính từ/ trạng từ kết thúc bằng chữ “e” thì ta chỉ thêm “r”. Ex: large → larger.
+ Đối với tính từ/ trạng từ kết thúc bằng 1 nguyên âm + 1 phụ âm thì ta phải gấp đôi phụ âm cuối.
Ex: big → bigger, hot → hotter.
+ Đối với các tính từ kết thúc bằng “y” thì ta chuyển “y” thành “i” rồi thêm “er”.
Ex: noisy → noisier, friendly → friendlier.
+ Đối với tính từ có 2 âm tiết nhưng kết thúc bằng “y, ow, er, et, el” thì ta vẫn chia các từ này theo công
thức so sánh hơn đối với tính từ ngắn.
Ex: narrow → narrower, happy → happier, quiet → quieter, clever → cleverer.
+ Các trạng từ được dùng để bổ nghĩa cho so sánh hơn: much, far, a bit/ a little, a lot.
Ex: This chair is much smaller than that chair.
2. Tính từ/ trạng từ dài
S + tobe + more + adj + than + noun/ pronoun.
S + V + more + adv + than + noun/ pronoun.
Ex: Jenny is more beautiful than me.
Tom talks more slowly than me. I. SO SÁNH NHẤT
1. Tính từ/ trạng từ ngắn
S + tobe + the + adj-est + noun/ pronoun .
S + V + the + adv-est + noun/ pronoun.
Ex: This is the longest river in the world.
I jump the highest in my class.
 Lưu ý về cách thêm “est” đối với tính từ/ trạng từ ngắn: -
Tương tự như cách thêm “er” -
Để nhấn mạnh ý trong so sánh nhất, ta thêm “
” vào sau hình thức so sánh hoặc dùng by far “second/ third”
2. Tính từ/ trạng từ dài
S + tobe + the most + adj + noun/ pronoun.
S + V + the most + adv + noun/ pronoun.
Ex: Jenny is the most beautiful in my class.
Tom eats the most slowly in my family.
Bảng tính từ/ trạng từ so sánh bất quy tắc:
Tính từ/ trạng từ So sánh hơn So sánh nhất Nghĩa Good/ well Better The best Tốốt Bad/ badly Worse The worst Tệ Little Less The least Ít Much/ many More The most Nhiềều Farther The farthest Xa Far Further The furthest Thềm n a/ h ữ n n ơ a ữ Older The oldest Già Old Elder The eldest Anh (chị) trong nhà II. SO SÁNH KÉP
1. Cùng 1 tính từ: (càng …ngày càng…)
a. Tính từ/ trạng từ ngắn:
S + tobe + adj-er + and + adj-er.
S + V + adv-er + and + adv-er.
Ex: It is getting hotter and hotter.
His voice became weaker and weaker.
b. Tính từ/ trạng từ dài:
S + tobe + more and more + adj. S + V + more and more + adv.
Ex: The lessons are getting more and more difficult.
The storm became more and more violent.
2. Hai tính từ khác nhau: (càng …thì càng…)
The + comparative + S + tobe/ V, the + comparative + S + tobe/V.
Ex: The taller she gets, the thinner she is.
The more beautiful she is, the more attractive she gets.
The more intelligent she is, the lazier she becomes. Lưu ý:
Trong câu so sánh kép, nếu túc từ là một danh từ thì ta đặt danh từ ấy ngay sau tính từ so sánh.
Ex: The more English vocabulary we know, the better we speak.
BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG VỀ CÂU SO SÁNH
BT 1. Cho dạng đúng của tính từ trong ngoặc
1. This exercise is (easy) __________________________ as that one.
2. He is (fat) _________________________as you.
3. English is not (difficult) ________________________as Chinese.
4. Was the party (fun) ________________________as she expected?
5. Apple is (popular) ___________________________ as Samsung.
6. The weather today is not (hot) __________________________ as it was yesterday.
7. Pham Nhat Vuong’s career is (successful) ___________________________ as many billionaires’ career in the world.
8. Saigon used to be (developed) ___________________________ as several countries in Asia.
9. My mom’s dishes are (delicious) _______________________ as food served at restaurants.
10. Many people believe that Quang Hai is not (talented) ________________________ as many famous footbal players in the world.
11. Urban sprawl has happed (fast) _________________________ than ever before.
12. Ha Noi is much (populous) ___________________________ than my hometown.
13. The city center is (densely) ____________________________ populated than the suburbs.
14. You can count on Peter. He is (reliable) _____________________________ than he appears to be.
15. This singer performs (well) ____________________________ than she used to be three years ago.
16. This year we travel (far) _______________________________ than we did last year.
17. I noticed that today my daughter looked (happy) _________________________ than usual.
18. As people get old, they try to maintain a (healthy) ________________________ lifestyle than when they are young.
19. Traveling by bus is much (slow) ___________________________ than traveling by bullet train.
20. Jim didn't feel well today, so he performed (badly) _______________________________.
21. Josh is the second (intelligent) _______________________________ student in his class.
22. Hanoi is amongst (polluted) __________________________________ city in the world.
23. By far, this is (stunning) _________________________________ scene I have ever.
24. He seems to be (tall) ____________________________ amongst the children at his age.
25. We had a great holiday. It was one of (enjoyable) ______________________ holiday we've ever had.
26. It was an awful day. It was (bad) ____________________________ day of my life.
27. The United States is very large, but Canada is (large) _______________________________.
28. She is by far (rich) ___________________________ woman in Vietnam.
29. I think that he is one of (boring) ___________________________ people in the world.
30. I have had the (happy) ___________________________ days in my life.
BT 2. Chọn đáp án đúng
1. In Vietnam, it is normally __________ in the South than in the North. A. hot B. hotter C. hottest D. hoter
2. My younger brother is ________________.
A. more and more naughty B. much and much naughty
C. most and most naughty D. naughtier and naughtier
3. Jane is not ________ as her brother. A. more intelligent
B. so intelligent C. intelligenter D. intelligent
4. Can Tho is ________ from Sai Gon than Bien Hoa is. A. farther B. further C. far D. farer
5. The ________ we start, the sooner we will be back. A. early
B. earliest C. earlier D. early
6. The harder this student works, ________ he becomes.
A. the most understanding B. the more understanding C. more understanding D. understandinger
7. ________ people use the Internet every day. A. Many and many
B. Most and most C. More and more D. The more
8. She is the ________ daughter in her family. A. older
B. more old C. eldest D. oldest
9. She speaks English as ________ as you. A. clear
B. clearly C. clearness D. clearer
10. It gets ________ when the winter is coming. A. cold and cold B. the coldest and coldest C. colder and colder D. more and more cold
11. The ________ he is, the more miserable he gets. A. richer
B. more rich C. rich D. the richer
12. He drives as ________ his father does.
A. careful as B. more carefully C. the most careful D. carefully as
13. I did ________ than I expected on the test, but not really badly. A. worst
B. the worst C. more bad D. worse
14. Of the two sisters, Linda is ________.
A. so beautiful as B. more beautiful C. the most beautiful D. beautiful
15. Women’s employment rate is getting ____________.
A. high and high B. higher and the highest
C. high and higher D. higher and higher
16. Hotels have developed ________ restaurants. A. as rapidly as
B. so rapidly that C. as rapid as D. as rapid than
17. She is ________ student in my class. A. most hard-working B. more hard-working
C. the most hard-working D. as hard-working
18. Health care in the country is said to become ________.
A. good and good B. best and best
C. the better and the better D. better and better
19. ________ the man gets, ________ he becomes.
A. The more old/ the more weak B. The older/ the weaker
C. The older/ the weakest D. older/ weaker
20. Of all athletes, Alex is ________. A. the less qualified
B. the less and less qualified
C. the more and more qualified D. the least qualified
BT 3. Viết lại các câu sau sao cho nghĩa không thay đổi
1. No one in my class is taller than Peter.
=> Peter..............................................................................................................................................
2. Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.
=> No mountain ................................................................................................................................
3. This is the first time I have ever met such a pretty girl.
=> She ...............................................................................................................................................
4. This computer works better than that one.
=> That computer...............................................................................................................................
5. The black car is cheaper than the red car.
=> The red car....................................................................................................................................
6. He works much. He feels tired.
=> The more.......................................................................................................................................
7. The apartment is big. The rent is high.
=> The bigger....................................................................................................................................
8. We set off soon. We will arrive soon.
=> The sooner ...................................................................................................................................
9. The joke is good. The laughter is loud.
=> The better.....................................................................................................................................
10. She gets fat. She feels tired.
=> The fatter .....................................................................................................................................
BT 4. Khoanh lỗi sai và sửa lại cho đúng
1. This girl is the most beautiful of the two daughters that he has. A B C D
2. Frank plays tennis worse of all the players. A B C D
3. The most he tries, the more he succeeds. A B C D
4. She can pronounce English words more correct than she could last term. A B C D
5. In this class, the students are talking more loudlier than the teacher. A B C D
6. This summer is hotter and winder than last summer. A B C D
7. You should practise English oftener to be a better speaker of English. A B C D
8. Ha Anh can now speak English more well than the last time I met him. A B C D
9. She is much more intelligent than Nam does. A B C D
10. The more rich he is, the more miserable he gets. A B C D