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  lOMoAR cPSD| 58707906 IELTS WRITING TASK 2 
CAUSES-EFFECTS-SOLUTIONS  Sample questions 
1. The animal species are becoming extinct due to human activities on land and in the 
sea. What are the reasons? What solutions to solve the issue? 
2. In many countries, the number of animals and plants is declining. Why do you think 
this is happening? How can this issue be solved? 
3. Global warming is one of the most serious issues that the world is facing today. What 
are the causes of global warming and what measures can governments and individuals 
take to tackle the issue? 4. Explain some of the ways in which humans are damaging 
the environment. What can governments do to address these problems? What can  individual people do? 
5. Pollution of rivers, lakes and seas is a major concern for people who seek to protect 
the environment. What are the possible causes of water pol ution, and what effects 
does this have on animal life and human society?  ANALYSE ESSAY QUESTIONS 
When reading the question you should focus on three things: 
1. TOPIC – What is the general topic? 
2. QUESTIONS – How many questions? 
3. SIDES – How many sides do I need to answer for each question?  •  keywords  •  micro-keywords  •  action words 
POSSIBLE ESSAY STRUCTURES     1. 
Separately – you discuss the main cause first then discuss the main 
solution. You need one or two main causes and one or two main solutions.   
Paraphrase both questions and state the main cause and  Paragraph 1 (intro)  solution.  Paragraph 2 (body 1) 
Explain the main cause(s). Support your ideas. 
Explain the possible solution(s) . Give reasons to support your  Paragraph 3 (body 2)  ideas.  Paragraph 4 
Re-state the problem and summarise your main ideas. (conclusion)       lOMoAR cPSD| 58707906 IELTS WRITING TASK 2 
CAUSES-EFFECTS-SOLUTIONS  2. 
Together – you discuss the causes one at a time together with its solution. 
Again, you need at two main causes and two main solutions.   
Paraphrase both questions and state you wil discuss some causes  Paragraph 1 (intro)  and solutions.  Paragraph 2 (body 
Explain the first main cause and suggest a suitable solution. Give  1) 
reasons to support your idea..  Paragraph 3 (body 
Explain the second main cause and suggest a suitable solution. Give  2) 
reasons to support your idea..  Paragraph 4 
Re-state the problem and summarise your main ideas.  (conclusion)     INTRODUCTION 
A basic introduction has TWO parts: 
1. A simple paraphrase of the question. 
2. Your position (overall opinion).  Thesis statement 
What are the reasons? How can these problems be solved? 
a. This tendency can be abscribed to a number of reasons and definite actions should 
be taken to address the associated problems. 
b. The trend towards V-ing can be attributable to a number of factors and its associated 
problems can be addressed by several practical measures. 
c. Some of the major roots of this problem wil be discussed before the most viable 
solutions can be proposed.  
d. Some explanations wil be put forward before solutions can be proposed to tackle this  problem. 
e. This essay wil consider the possible reasons for this, and suggest several viable 
measures to tackle the problem. (This essay wil discuss the reasons why this 
problem is occuring, and make some suggestions about how this issue can be  tackled). 
f. This tendency/development is the direct result of various factors; however, there exist 
several possible measures (solutions) to tackle the problems. 
What problems does this cause? How can these problems be solved? 
a. This alarming trend can pose a number of serious threats/dangers to…; however, 
there exist several possible measures (solutions) to tackle the problems. 
b. Although there are undoubtedly some negative consequences of this trend, the 
government can take steps to mitigate these potential problems. 
c. This essay wil present possible problems attributable to this trend and explore the 
measures the government could take to bring this under control.  BODY   Body 1  Cause  Topic sentence    lOMoAR cPSD| 58707906 IELTS WRITING TASK 2 
CAUSES-EFFECTS-SOLUTIONS 
There are several reasons/justifications as to why S+V 
There are two underlying reasons why S+V 
(two major compelling reasons as to why S+V) 
=The fact that (reparaphrase “topic”) may derive/stem from two main reasons.  Reason 1:  +First and foremost,.... 
=The primary reason for this is that... 
=The major reason for this is (that+ CL)/(N) 
+The most likely explanation is that…  *Explain:  This means that…  In other words,…  *example  For instance/example,…  By way of il ustration,… 
Perhaps the best example of this is… 
….a telling example of how…  *effect  As a consequence,…  As a result,… 
This may lead to/result in …  Reason 2 
Another possible reason is that…  Furthermore,…  In addition to that,…  Effect 
…..can be problematic in many ways. 
….could have serious implications for both A and B. 
….might have negative/adverse impacts on not only A but also B. 
On an individual/a personal level,…  On the societal level,… 
From a financial point of view,… 
From an economic perspective,…  Body 2  Topic sentence 
+However, there are several actions that governments could take to solve the problems  mentioned (described) above. 
+Several measures can be implemented to mitigate/alleviate/combat the problem of… 
+A number of viable/feasible solutions should be taken to address/remedy this problem. 
+Nevertheless, there are various steps that governments could take to tackle these  problems. 
=A number of viable MEASURES should be IMPLEMENTED to tackle the aforementioned  issues. 
=Several practical APPROACHES can be ADOPTED to mitigate the aforementioned  problems 
In order to address the aforementioned issue, the government should administer the 
following measures. Solution 1:    lOMoAR cPSD| 58707906 IELTS WRITING TASK 2 
CAUSES-EFFECTS-SOLUTIONS 
+The first, and perhaps most obvious, is for SB+to-V 
=The most practical measure is to V This can be  done by V-ing.... 
---> result: hiệu quả của giải pháp nếu GP đc thực hiện  Solution 2: 
Another feasible solution could be to V  This might involve V-ing 
Doing this might enable/allow sb to V  (This wil enable sb to V)  CONCLUSION  In conclusion,  +S +V due to/owing to C1+C2 
+C1 and C2 are to blame for… 
+The fact that....................could be ascribed to R1 and R2. 
Nevertheless, these problems can be addressed by +solution 1 and solution 2.  ESSENTIAL EXPRESSIONS 
CAUSES(v)=lead to =result in=give rise to=contribute to=bring about 
Childhood obesity can cause/lead to long-term health problems  B is caused by A  CAUSE (n) 
One of the most common/leading causes of B is A 
(One of the principal causes of this is…) 
B can be attributable to A (B can be attributed to A)(B can be ascribed to A)  B can result from A 
A can be responsible for B  A can result in B 
B as a result of A(B as a consequence of A)  Because/Since/As+SVO 
Because of=Due to=Owing to +N/V-ing 
Because of the fact that=Owing to the fact that=Due to the fact that+SVO 
B Stem from A=B derive from A  EFFECTS 
1. To have a positive /negative /adverse /damaging /devastating /dire /grave /serious   /potential  /knock-on    /  tremendous(to  lớn)     /disrupting 
+ effect/impact/influence/bearing on… 
Negative=adverse=harmful=detrimental Damaging=devastating: 
Smoking has a damaging effect on our health 
Over-logging/Deforestation has a devastating impact on the ecosystem/ environment Knock-
on: The failure in the delivery of materials can have a knock-on effect on the production  process.    lOMoAR cPSD| 58707906 IELTS WRITING TASK 2 
CAUSES-EFFECTS-SOLUTIONS 
Disrupting: The addiction of the internet has a disrupting effect on the study-life balance. 
Have serious implications for 
 The development of the site wil have serious implications for the surrounding  countryside.  
2. Consequently,=Thus,=Therefore,= Hence,=For this reason,=As a result,=As a  consequence, 
o One consequence of changes in diet over recent years has been a dramatic 
increase in cases of childhood obesity. o Many parents today do not have time to cook 
healthy meals for their children. Consequently/As a consequence, many children 
grow up eating too much junk food. o Many children spend their free time online 
instead of playing outside. As a result, more and more of them are becoming 
overweight. o Last year junk food was banned in schools. The effect of this has been 
to create a black market in the playground, with pupils bringing sweets from home to  sell to other pupils.  Words in action 
1. Is this affect or effect? Fill in the correct word. 
a. Salaries have an undoubted ______ on employees' motivation. 
b. Salaries undoubtedly ________ the motivation of employees. 
c. One ________ of the unemployment crisis is that many people cannot afford to pay their  rent. 
d. The unemployment crisis has ________ the ability of many people to pay their rent. 
2. Match each sentence beginning to its ending. 
a. Scientists are stil uncertain about the causes  b. There are several reasons 
c. Building more roads has led 
d. A better standard of teaching at primary school level has resulted 
e. Pollution is a major problem because   
f. The rate of unemployment has fallen in some countries thanks    lOMoAR cPSD| 58707906 IELTS WRITING TASK 2 
CAUSES-EFFECTS-SOLUTIONS 
why this has become an increasingly serious problem  of global warming  to more congestion not less  in a major drop in illiteracy 
to more people being employed in the service sector 
of the number of power stations that are being built 
3. Choose the appropriate preposition for each gap. 
It is now almost certain that global warming has been directly caused______ man's use of 
fossil fuels. This has led _______ an international debate about what we should do to reduce 
the negative effects_______ our actions and how we can make the planet safe for our 
children's children to live in. One consequence______ this debate has been to improve the 
level of "green" education in schools and this should result ________ greater awareness of 
this difficult issue in the long term. However, in the short term there stil remains much to be 
done. The reason _______ this is that we need to address the causes _______ the  immediate problem.  Sample essay 1 
In many countries, the number of animals and plants is declining. 
Why do you think this is happening? 
How can this issue be solved? 
There is widespread concern over recent declines in global biodiversity. In my opinion, the 
clearest causes relate to human overpopulation and the solutions are for governments to 
prioritize conservation reforms. 
The primary catalyst for these declining numbers is the growth of human population figures. 
The global population increases yearly and this has a number of ramifications for the natural 
environment. Most directly, residents require homes and that necessitates intrusions, as 
evidenced by the uncontrollable urban sprawl around major metropolitan areas. This means 
plants and animals lose their natural habitats. A more significant consequence concerns 
industry. In order to provide food and various products and services for a large human 
population, corporations have razed entire forests, drilled for oil in pristine natural 
environments, and greatly exploited the natural world at the expense of wildlife. 
This problem can only be effectively tackled by governments. Governments must establish 
clear regulations concerning the habitats of various plant and animal life. A good example of 
this would be the numerous national parks established in the United States at the beginning 
of the 20th century. At that time, industry was threatening to corrupt the majority of usable land 
and so the government and visionary reformists acted decisively out of a spirit of conservation. 
Other countries that take similar steps wil also be able to curb the relentless, and often 
thoughtless, progress of humanity. 
In conclusion, plant and animal life is at risk due to growing human populations and 
governments can best mitigate this threat. Individuals should also play a small role by  reducing their consumption.  (282 words) 
 Sample essay 2  
The world’s air pollution levels are rising year on year. Discuss what you feel are the 
causes and effects of this disturbing trend.     lOMoAR cPSD| 58707906 IELTS WRITING TASK 2 
CAUSES-EFFECTS-SOLUTIONS 
The growing level of airborne pol utants has proven to be a major obstacle for humanity in the 
21st century. To address this issue, encouraging popular understanding is a paramount first 
step. This essay wil examine the major causes and effects of atmospheric pol ution. 
 The fact that the air quality is on the decline may derive from two main reasons. Firstly, the 
greatest causes of airborne pol ution growth today come as a result of both progression in 
the developing world and wastage in the developed world. For example, as the affluence of 
over 2 bil ion Indian and Chinese people continues to grow, sales of pol ution-causing vehicles 
wil move in tandem. As this phenomenon compounds with the tremendous levels of pol ution 
already coming out of the developed world, a recipe for unshrinking levels of air pol ution can 
be seen. Thus, demand for petrol vehicles in the developing world and resource wastage in 
the developed world can be concluded as today’s greatest causes of airborne pol utants.  
The effects of these airborne pol utants tend to manifest themselves as health issues. For 
instance, it is estimated that a larger percentage of children have asthma today than ever 
before in human history. To make matters worse, scientists are now finding air pol ution can 
cause abnormal foodstuffs growth among farming populations the world over, and 
consumption of these foods has been linked to cancer. Thus, growing asthma and cancer 
rates are the most chil ing effects of the world’s rising air pol ution. 
In conclusion, unfortunate trends in the developed and developing worlds are inciting swelling 
numbers of asthma and cancer sufferers. These are considered to be the most significant 
causes and effects of the planet’s air pol ution levels. Thus, controlling byproducts of human 
activity has to become central to humanity’s collective strategy for the 21st century.  (282 words)  Sample essay 3 
There is growing evidence that man-made activities are making global temperatures  higher. 
What are the causes of temperatures rising? 
How should we deal with this problem? 
There are many signs that the activities of mankind are leading to global warming. This 
essay wil discuss the reasons why this problem is occurring, and make some suggestions 
about how this issue can be tackled. 
Perhaps the main cause of global warming is that populations are rising in almost every 
 country, and this is causing trees to be constantly cut-down to provide shelter and also food.  Trees are important 
because they absorb CO2 Another factor that is causing CO2 to rise is the industrialisation 
and rising levels of CO2 have been linked to higher temperature levels. of our societies. 
Today, we have more and more factories and they are causing high levels of pol ution in our 
atmosphere. Industrialisation is also leading to the burning of fossil fuels to power the 
factories and this is also another source of carbon emissions. Therefore, economic activities 
are another cause of our planet warming. 
Urgent attention is required to deal with the problem of global warming. The main way to 
tackle this is for forests to be protected and new trees grown . This can be achieved by the    lOMoAR cPSD| 58707906 IELTS WRITING TASK 2 
CAUSES-EFFECTS-SOLUTIONS 
government making laws to protect the remaining forests. Grass root programs could also be 
started to plant new trees. In addition, the government should create incentives for factories 
to adopt clean energy programs to reduce the pol ution they are emitting. 
In conclusion, the earth’s temperature is rising because of deforestation and industrialisation. 
The solutions are to start preserving our remaining forests, plant new ones and to switch to 
cleaner energy sources. [256 word)  Sample essay 4 
All over the world, the number of overweight people is growing. What do you feel are 
the main causes of this? What are the effects? 
Global obesity rates have been swelling for several decades now. This is a trend that is having 
devastating effects on populations everywhere. Although often debated, it is felt that the food 
a person eats and the lifestyle they live are the base precursors to this problem. In this essay, 
a look at these causes and their effects wil be made. 
Firstly, diet and lifestyle are the two most major catalysts of obesity. Evidence of this can be 
seen in any developing country. For example, in China, growing affluence has led people to 
consume more fast food and live more sedentary lifestyles. This trend moves in tandem with 
a steady growth in the number of overweight people. Thus, as this makes clear, changing 
dietary practices and levels of activity are at the root of swelling waistlines. 
The major effects of this are entirely negative. As evidenced in the United States, growing 
obesity rates lead to growing rates of diabetes, heart disease and high blood pressure. This 
has led to the first generation of Americans ever with shorter life expectancies than their 
parents. Thus, it is clear that these effects need to be countered to enhance the quality of life  for future generations. 
In conclusion, it is felt that education is the single most important counter to this problem. Thus, 
it is hoped schools everywhere encourage children to eat a nourishing diet and practice a 
healthy lifestyle in an effort to change this disturbing global health trend.  Sample 5 
In some countries the average weight of people is increasing and their levels of health 
and fitness are decreasing. 
What do you think are the causes of these problems and what measures could be  taken to solve them?    lOMoAR cPSD| 58707906 IELTS WRITING TASK 2 
CAUSES-EFFECTS-SOLUTIONS 
In some nations, people are getting heavier and standards of health and wel -being are falling. 
This essay wil suggest that the principal cause of these issues is the type of nourishment they 
are eating and submit a government education program as a viable solution, followed by a  reasoned conclusion. 
The main cause of the health crisis currently affecting so many individuals is over- 
consumption of poor quality sustenance. 
 Convenience food and junk food, such as 
microwave dinners, chocolate bars, McDonald’s and pizza, have become a ubiquitous part of 
modern life. Eating too much of these high-fat meals causes many to gain weight and this has 
knock-on effects on someone’s general wellness. For example, the movie ‘Super Size Me’ 
demonstrated that a person who eats this kind of food all the time wil not only get fat but also 
suffer from such things as raised blood pressure and even fatty liver disease. 
The most practical solution to this problem is a government-sponsored awareness 
campaign. An effective advertising campaign could warn of the dangers of a poor diet and 
hopefully, raise awareness amongst the public. This raised awareness of the problem would 
lead many people starting a healthier regime. For example, the U.K. recently lobbied their 
citizens to eat 5 pieces of fruit and vegetables a day and this resulted in a dramatic decrease 
in obesity-related il nesses such as stroke and heart disease. 
In summary, the current health crisis has been caused by an over-reliance on unhealthy food 
and states should curtail this by educating men and women on how to make healthier choices.  Sample 6 
Many offenders commit more crimes after serving the first punishment. Why is this 
happening, and what measures can be taken to tackle this problem? 
A large number of criminals who serve their first prison sentence, leave prison only to reoffend. 
This is mainly because of the lack of rehabiltation and difficulty finding regular employment 
once released. There are a number of solutions which could be implemented to deal with  criminals who reoffend. 
Firstly, the reason for most first-time offenders for commiting crimes again, once they have 
 been released from prison is due to the lack of rehabilitation whilst in prison. In other words , 
offenders are not given a chance to retrain and learn new skil s for their future or develop a 
deeper understanding of correct moral behavior and instead mix with other criminals, which 
only strengthens their criminal intentions. Secondly, repeat offending is also owing to the 
difficulty in finding employment after being released. As a result, many of them struggle 
financially, which leads them back to crimes regardless of consequences. 
There are two effective solutions to the problem of repeat offenders . One way to tackle this  is to ensure that  all criminals entering  prison are given the 
chance to retrain with useful skil s 
which will hopefully ensure them a job after they have served their sentence. By doing this, it 
wil help them reintegrate back into society and give them some means of supporting 
themselves financially. Another method of dealing with criminals who reoffend is to have more 
supervision and checks in place when they are back in society. This solution would hopefully 
prevent them from taking any chances and deter them from reoffending because they are  being closely watched.    lOMoAR cPSD| 58707906 IELTS WRITING TASK 2 
CAUSES-EFFECTS-SOLUTIONS 
In conclusion, having training in prison and also close supervision when first time offenders 
are released are effective in dealing with the issue. If governments implemented these 
solutions, crime figures would soon drop. (290 words)  Sample 7 
Many people are working longer and longer hours. What are the reasons and effects? 
Working longer hours is a growing tendency in society nowadays. The primary cause of this 
change is excessive workloads and the effects on one’s health and quality of life are  decidedly detrimental. 
 The need to work additional hours often stems from increasing demand in the workplace . To 
keep up with competition in an increasingly globalised marketplace, employees are 
expected to assume a high volume of work, often with inadequate staff levels and support. 
This has resulted in employees having to work extra hours to compensate, which is 
exemplified clearly in IT-related sectors. A program developer in Vietnam generally spends 
an average of 10 hours at work per day integrating complicated software systems, which 
would not be necessary if he was accompanied by a colleague. 
Extra office hours can adversely affect workers’ health, as well as their personal lives. First of 
all, working overtime can lead to a lack of sufficient rest, decrease in energy and 
eventually health conditions in extreme cases. This is il ustrated in research conducted in 
Japanese white-collars workers, who have to sit in their offices for up to 14 hours, resulting 
in spinal injuries, arthritis and increased risk of strokes. In addition, as more time is 
spent at work, workers necessarily have less time for their loved ones, which can weaken 
bonds between family members and friends. As a result, this can generate a feeling of 
general dissatisfaction in individuals, potentially becoming a catalyst for stress and 
depression in the long run. 
In conclusion, extended working hours are associated with increasing demands in the 
workplace, preventing employees from leading a healthy and balanced life. Therefore, I 
believe governments should enact laws that impose weekly overtime standards for  corporations.  Sample 8 
Pollution of lakes, rivers and seas is a major concern for people who seek to protect 
the environment. What are the possible causes of water pol ution and what effects does 
this have on animal life and human society 
Sample 9 Explain some of the ways in which humans are damaging the environment. 
What can governments do to address these problems? What can individual people  do?  Sample 10: 
Many people are working longer and longer hours. What are the reasons and effects? 
An increasing number of workers are devoting more time/hours at work these days. This tendency 
can be abscribed to a number of reasons and there are undoubtedly several 
consequences/repercussions associated with this. 
There are several reasons/justifications as to why S+V    lOMoAR cPSD| 58707906 IELTS WRITING TASK 2 
CAUSES-EFFECTS-SOLUTIONS 
There are two underlying reasons why S+V 
(two major compelling reasons as to why S+V) 
=The fact that (reparaphrase “topic”) may derive/stem from two main reasons.  Reasons:  R1: gain higher income 
 provide for their family (elderly parents+children) 
 pursue personal interests/goals 
R2: heavier/excessive workloads  more competitive  Meet demand 
Example: pandemic, work 12-15 hours a day  +First and foremost,.... 
=The primary reason for this is that... 
=The major reason for this is (that+ CL)/(N) 
+The most likely explanation is that…  Al ow/enable sb to V  inflation force  sb to V 
There are two underlying reasons why workers have a tendency/tend to spend more time on 
working. The primary reason is that they aspire to receive a higher income. In fact, earning 
additional money can allow them to afford daily necessities which are becoming more 
expensive/costly. It is also necessary for them to pay for other expenses such as medical 
bil s for elderly parents, tuition fees for children and their personal interests. Furthermore, the 
requirement to work longer hours may derive from increasing demand in the workplace. As 
the market is becoming intensely competitive, most businesses or companies force their 
employees to work overtime in order to make/generate more profits (increase profits). For 
instance, since the Covid-19 pandemic broke out, there has been a significant rise in 
demand for Covid-19 kit test. Therefore, workers have to spend about 15-20 hours per day 
to complete orders. Obviously, working long hours is a growing tendency in modern  workplaces.  Effect 
…..can be problematic in many ways. 
….could have serious implications for both A and B. 
….might have negative/adverse impacts on not only A but also B. 
C1: suffer from many physical and mental health problems +injuries +stress and depression 
C2: spend less time for their family and friends weaken family bond and friendship 
Extra working hours could have serious implications for workers’ health as well as their 
personal lives. The first and foremost consequence is that workers who work too many hours 
might suffer from numerous physical and mental health problems. This is because they can 
run out of energy or lack time to rest properly at the end of the day. Sitting behind the desk 
or moving too frequently can result in/lead to physical fatigue and injuries, or even strokes 
when they are mentally stressed. In addition, if they spend too much time at work, they wil    lOMoAR cPSD| 58707906 IELTS WRITING TASK 2 
CAUSES-EFFECTS-SOLUTIONS 
have less quality time for their family and friends. As a consequence, this can weaken family 
bonds between family members and lead to deterioration in the ties of friendship. 
In conclusion, the trend towards working excessively among workers can be attributable to 
their wish to gain higher salary and a rise in demand for products and services, and this 
would spell disasters for workers’ well-beings and private lives.  1. Reason  2. Explanation  3. Example  4. Result  5. Contrast 
Sample 11: Many offenders commit more crimes after serving the first  punishment.  
Why is this happening, and what measures can be taken to tackle this  problem?  Topic: Crime and Prevention 
Requirement: Reasons/Causes+Solutions 
Many offenders=A host of criminals=A large number of=An increasing number of …  Commit crimes=commit offences  Reoffend(v): tái phạm 
Serving their first punishment = serve their first prison sentence  First-time offenders  Break/violate the law  Imprison (v)  Prisoners=inmates 
Hardened criminals: commit so many crimes 
Release (v): thả ra, phóng thích  Prison=jail  Discriminate (v)  discrimination  Unfair treatment 
Criminal records: tiền án tiền sự 
Resort to V-ing: phải làm gì đo như là PA cuối cùng khi bị đẩy tới bước đường cùng  Be unemployed=jobless Causes:  1. Lack of rehabilitation  Rehabilitate (v) 
2. Struggle to reintegrate into the community    lOMoAR cPSD| 58707906 IELTS WRITING TASK 2 
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Unemployed=Have difficulty finding employment lead a poor life commit  crimes 
A host of criminals serving their first prison sentence leave prison only to reoffend. Some of the major 
roots of this problem wil be discussed before the most viable solutions can be proposed.  Topic sentence 1 
There are several reasons as to why a large number of first time criminals tried to break the 
law again. The most likely explanation is the lack of rehabilitation while in prison. In 
other words, these criminals have yet to receive a good education and training in 
terms of moral behavior and skills; instead, they mix with other inmates, especially 
hardened ones in order to commit crimes again once they are released. In 
addition, the tendency to reoffend can be attributable to difficulty in finding 
employment after leaving prison. This is mainly because they might FACE 
discrimination and unfair treatment due to their criminal records. As a consequence, 
they become unemployed and resort to committing crimes again.  Solutions 
1. Given the opportunity to acquire work-related skills find a stable job 
support themselves financially 
2. Impose/inflict more stringent punishments/penalties act as an effective 
deterrent to those who have intention to reoffend 
To be sentenced to Life imprisonment: bị kêt án tù chung thân  Death penalty  Solution 1: 
+The first, and perhaps most obvious, is for SB+to-V 
=The most practical measure is to V This can be  done by V-ing.... 
---> result: hiệu quả của giải pháp nếu GP đc thực hiện  Solution 2: 
Another feasible solution could be to V  This might involve V-ing 
Doing this might enable/allow sb to V  (This wil enable sb to V)  Topic sentence 2 
In order to address the aforementioned issue, the government should administer the 
following measures. The first, and perhaps most obvious, is for PRISONERS to BE GIVEN 
the opportunity to ACQUIRE work-related skil s WHICH guarantee THEM a stable job. Once 
they can support themselves financially, they wil no longer have the intention to commit 
il egal acts. Another feasible solution could be to impose more stringent punishments on 
repeat offenders. For instance, those who commit robbery or fraud many times should be 
subjected to stricter sentences such as life imprisonment or death penalty. These measures 
can act as an effective deterrent to anyone who intends to repeat offending.    lOMoAR cPSD| 58707906 IELTS WRITING TASK 2 
CAUSES-EFFECTS-SOLUTIONS  In conclusion,  +S +V due to/owing to C1+C2 
+C1 and C2 are to blame for… 
+The fact that....................could be ascribed to R1 and R2. 
Nevertheless, these problems can be addressed by +solution 1 and solution 2. 
In conclusion, the fact that an increasing number of criminals have a tendency to reoffend 
could be ascribed to their failure to rehabilitate and struggle to find a steady job upon 
release. However, this problem can be addressed by providing them work-related skil s to 
help them reintegrate into the community in addition to inflicting harsher punishments if they  commit crimes again.  SAMPLE 12 
All over the world, the number of overweight people is growing. What do you feel are 
the main causes of this? What are the effects?  Obese  Obesity (n)  Gain weight  WEIGHT GAIN  Increase in body weight An  increasing number of….  A growing number of … 
This tendency can be abscribed to a number of reasons and there are undoubtedly several 
consequences/repercussions associated with this.  CAUSES: 
1. Eat/Fol ow an unhealthy diet  Sugary/fatty food 
(fast food, convenience, junk food) 
2. Lead a sedentary lifestyle Do less physical activity  CONSEQUENCES 
1. Suffer numerous health problems 
(diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer) 
2. Fal victim to bullying, humiliation, discrimination 
A growing number of people are gaining weight in many parts of the world. In my view, the 
problem of weight gain can be attributable to various factors and there are undoubtedly 
several consequences/repercussions associated with this.    lOMoAR cPSD| 58707906 IELTS WRITING TASK 2 
CAUSES-EFFECTS-SOLUTIONS 
There are several reasons as to why people are becoming obese. The primary reason for this 
is that people TEND to follow an unhealthy diet. DUE TO hectic pace of life, they do not have 
enough time to prepare themselves a balanced, wholesome meal. Instead, they resort to 
choosing fastfood or convenience meals which normally contain high level of fat and sugar. 
Therefore, consuming these types of food frequently can make them gain weight. In addition, 
increase in body weight can be caused by a sedentary lifestyle. More and more people are 
becoming addicted to new technology and spend most of their free time surfing the net, playing 
computer games rather than doing physical exercise or playing sports. Thus, the lack of 
physical activity can lead to an increasing level of body fat. 
Khánh: In conclusion, the fact people are increasingly getting obese could be ascribed to their 
unhealthy diet and sedentary lifestyle. As the result, they may suffer from numerous health 
problems such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer or worse become the fall victim 
to bullying, humiliation, and discrimination,… 
…..can be problematic in many ways. 
….could have serious implications for both A and B. 
….might have negative/adverse impacts on not only A but also B. 
On an individual/a personal level,…  On the societal level,… 
From a financial point of view,… 
From an economic perspective,… 
The problem of obesity might have adverse impacts on individuals. 
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