Chuyên đề câu điều kiện - Tài liệu tham khảo Tiếng anh ( TA8 ISW) | Đại học Hoa Sen

CHUYÊN Đ 5: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 
- Câu điều kiện gồm có hai phần: Một phần nêu lên điều kiện và một phần còn lại nêu lên kết
quả hay được gọi là mệnh đề chỉ điều kiện và mệnh đề chỉ kết quả.
Ex: If it rains, I will stay at home.
You will pass the exam if you work hard .
- Hai mệnh đề trong câu điều kiện có thể đổi chỗ được cho nhau
Ex: : I’ll pick you up at the park if you phone me. If you phone me I’ you up at the park. ll pick
Các loại câu điều kiện If clause Main clause Type 1 S + V ( do/does) S + V (will do) S + V ( present) S + V (present) S + V ( present) V (imperative)
 Dự đoán một kết quả có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai nếu điều kiện được đáp ứng If it . Ex: sunny ,we is to the beach will go .
 Diễn tả lời cảnh báo If you . Ex:
drop it, it will break.
 Diễn tả lời hứa. Ex: I’ you up at the park if you ll pick phone me.  Note
: Should có thể sử dụng thay cho will trong mệnh đề chính.
Ex: If you visit Oxford ,you should see some interesting old buildings.
 Unless ( trừ phi) = If … not
Ex: Unless you watch the football match, your father will be able to see his
favourite play.( =If you do not watch the football match, your father will be
able to see his favourite play) Type 2 S + V ( past simple)
S + would/could/might +( not) + V Be: were infinitive
 Nói đến một điều không có thực ,hay khó có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại
hoặc tương lai, ước muốn ở hiện tại ( nhưng thực tế không ther xảy ra)
Ex:If Mary were here ,she would be very happy( In fact ,she isn’t here now.) If he her left
,he would be happier .( The fact is he is not going to leave her)
 Nói đến một tình huống giả định trong hiện tại.
Ex: If she lived by the sea,she would learn to swim.( In fact,she doesn’t live by the sea)
 Dùng để khuyên hay đề nghị ai đó làm gì.
Ex: If I were you ,I would leave her. Type 3 S + V ( past perfect)
S + would /could/might + (not) + have + Vpp
 Nói về các sự kiện và kết quả không thể xảy ra trong quá khứ - mang
tính ước muốn trong quá khứ ( nhưng thực tế không thể xảy ra).
Ex:If he had had much time ,he would have finished all the test.
( In fact, he didn’t have much time , so he didn’t finish all the test)
If they had had enough money, they would have bought that villa.
( In fact , they didn’t have enough money, so they didn’t buy that villa)
 Biểu lộ sự nuối tiếc một sự việc gì đó đã nên hoặc đã không nên xảy ra trong quá khứ.
Ex: If I had known there was no more work to do, I would have stayed in bed.
(In fact, I didn’t know…, so I didn’t stay in bed) Mixed type
S + V ( past simple) (có thật ở QK)
S + Will/may/can + ( not) + V0
S + V ( past subjunctive/ simple past/ were ) S + would +have +( not) + Ved/cot 3
(không thật ở Hiện Tại)
S + V ( past perfect) (không thật ở QK) S + would +( not) + V0
 Diễn tả một hành động trong quá khứ nhưng kết quả vẫn còn kéo dài đến hiện tại (now).
 Điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại dẫn dến tình huống không thật ở quá khứ.
 Điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ dẫn dến tình huống không thật ở hiện tại.
Ex1: If they worked hard last night, They will be very tired now.
Ex2: He is not a good student. He didn’t study for the test yesterday
If he were a good student, he would have studied for the test
Ex3: I didn’t eat breakfast several hours ago, so I am hungry now.
If I had eaten breakfast several hours ago, I would not be hungry now.  Zero type
: gồm hai mệnh đề ,một mệnh đề If và một mệnh đề chính (Trong phần lớn các
câu điều kiện loại zero ,chúng ta có thể sử dụng When hoặc If mà nghĩa của câu vẫn giữ
nguyên). Câu điều kiện loại zero thường dùng để chỉ sự thật hiển nhiên.
Ex: If / When you heat water to 100 degrees ,it boils. 
Note : Cách chuyển câu điều kiện:
1.Xác ĐRnh loại đK: Verb: TL: Loại 1 Verb: HT: loại 2 Verb :Qk: Loại 3 2.Xác đRnh mê S
nh đề : Nguyên nhân : If clause KTt quV: Main clause
3.Loại 2,3: ĐXi ngưYc nghZa: KĐ: PĐ, PĐ : KĐ
1. Nếu câu giả định là khẳng định thì khi chuyển qua câu điều kiện phải là phủ định,và ngược lại.
Ex: 1. I don’t know her number , so I don’t ring her up.(2)
If I knew her number, I would ring her up
2. They drive carelessly . They get some problem .
If they didn’t drive carelessly, they wouldn’t get some problem.
3. I don’t know the answer, so I can’t tell you.( câu giả định ở thì hiện tại )
If I knew the answer, I could tell you.
4. I didn’t watch TV last night because I
busy (câu giả định ở thì quá khứ) was
I would have watched TV last night if I had not been busy
5. I couldn’t write to Alice because I didn’t know her address.
I could have written to Alice if I had known her address.
If I had known Alice’s address, I could have written to her.
*With/ Without + N = If there + were + not + N (phrase), S + could/would not + V0
If S + had +not + V pp, S + could/would not + have + V pp
Ex: Without the sun , man would live in the darkness .(2)
 If there were not the sun , man would live in the darkness.
Ex: Without the money, I wouldn’t have bought a new bicycle.(3)
If I hadn’t had the money, I wouldn’t have bought a new bicycle.
Ex: If you help me, I can finish this asignment  With
your help, I can finish this asignment
6. Imperative or S+ V If S  + 2 V, S + 2 V
Ex: a. Go now or you’ll be late.
If you don’t go now, you’ll be late.
If you go now, you won’t be late
b. Hurry or you will miss the train.
c. Be calm or you’ll make a wrong decision. If you are calm, you a wr won’t make ong decision.
If you aren’t calm, you will make a wrong decision.
7. Even if = even though (dù là, cho là)
Ex: You must go tommorrow even if you aren’t ready.
8. Whether … = if …or
Ex: You must go tommorrow whether you are ready or not .
9. But for = if it were not for/ if it hadn’t been for + N (phrase)(nTu không).
Ex: My father pays my fees.But for that I wouldn’t be here.
The car broke down.But for that we would have been in time.
10. Otherwise = if this doesn’t happen/didn’t happen/hadn’t happened (nTu không)
Ex: I used my calculator ; otherwise I’d have been taken longer
= If I hadn’t used my calculator I’d have been taken longer
11. Provided( that); on condition (that);as long as;so long as (miễn là ,với điều kiện là)
Ex:You can camp here provided you leave no mess.
12. Suppose/supposing… ? = What if …? ;imagine (that) = Suppose ( giV sử)
Ex:Suppose the plane is late ?= What if/ What will happen if the plane is late?
Imagine we live on a desert island ,what things would we really need = ( If we lived …)
13. In case ( phòng khi,trong trường hYp)
Ex:Take an umbrella because it might rain = In case it rains , take an umbrella.
 In case of + noun = if there is a/an noun
Ex: In case of accident phone 999 = if there is an accident phone 999.
13.If so/ If not ( NTu thT ,nTu không như thT) dùng sau dấu chấm.
Ex: There is a posibility that Jane refuses our offer.If so ,we’ll have to find another person =(
If Jane refuses our offer,we’ll… )
Perhaps Tom won’t come .If not , I’ll take his place =( If Tom doesn’t come,I’ll…) 
Dạng đVo ngưYc câu điều kiện:
Type1: If you should require anything …= Should I require anything …
Type 2: If I were in his shoes… = Were I in his shoes…
Note : Trong trường hợp mệnh dề If không có từ WERE, thì WERE TO được thêm vào
trước khi thực hiện đảo ngữ. Cần chú ý động từ chính trong mệnh đề IF sau khi đảongữ là
động từ nguyên mẫu (V ) 0 Ex:
If I had more time, my report would be better. Thêm were to :
If I were to have more time, my report would be better. ĐVo ngữ :
Were I to have more time, my report would be better.
Type 3: If you had known … = Had you known…
I. Put the verbs in brackets into the corect forms
1. If I see him, I _____ (give) him a lift.
2. The table will collapse if you ____ (stand) on it.
3. If he ____ (eat) all that he will be ill.
4. If I find your passport, I _____ (telephone) you at once.
5. The police _____ (arrest) him if they catch him.
6. If he _____ (read) in bad light, he will ruin his eyes.
7. Someone _____ (steal) your car if you leave it unlocked.
8. What will happen if my parachute _____ (not open)?
9. If he (wash) my car, I’ll give him £10.
10. If she (need) a radio, she can borrow mine.
11. If you (not go) away, I’ll send for the police.
12. I’ll be very angry if he (make) any more mistakes.
13. If he (be) late, we’ll go without him.
14. She will be absolutely furious if she (hear) about this.
15. If you put on the kettle, I (make) the tea.
16. If you give my dog a bone, he (bury) it at once.
17. If we leave the car here, it (not be) in anybody’s way.
18. He’ll be late for the train if he (not start) at once.
19. If you come late, they (not let) you in.
20. If he (go) on telling lies, nobody will believe a word he says.
21. Unless he (sell) more, he won’t get much commission.
22. If I lend you £10 when you (repay) me?
23. We’ll have to move upstairs if the river (rise) any higher.
24. If he (work) hard today, can he have a holiday tomorrow?
25. Ice (turn) to water if you heat it.
26. If the house (burn) down, we can claim compensation.
27. If you (not like) this one, I’ll bring you another.
28. Unless you are more careful, you (have) an accident.
29. Tell him to ring me up if you (see) him.
30. If I tell you a secret, you (promise) not to tell it to anyone else?
31. If you (not believe) what I say, ask your mother.
32. If he (like) the house will be buy it?
33. If you will kindly sit down, I (make) enquiries for you.
34. Unless I have a quiet room, I (not be able) to do any work.
35. She won’t open the door unless she (know) who it is.
36. Should you require anything else please (ring) the bell for the attendant.
37. If I had a typewriter, I (type) it myself.
38. If I (know) his address, I’d give it to you.
39. He (look) a lot better if he shaved more often.
40. If you (play) for lower stakes, you wouldn’t lose so much.
41. If he worked more slowly, he (not make) so many mistakes.
42. I shouldn’t drink that wine if I (be) you.
43. More tourists would come to this country if it (have) a better climate.
44. If I were sent to prison, you (visit) me?
45. If someone (give) you a helicopter what would you do with it?
46. I (buy) shares in that company if I had some money.
47. If he (clean) his windscreen, he’d be able to see where he was going.
48. If you drove your car into the river, you (be able) to get out?
49. If you (not belong) to a union, you couldn’t get a job?
50. If I (win) a big prize in a lottery, I’d give up my job.
51. What you (do) if you found a burglar in your house?
52. I could tell you what this means if I (know) Greek.
53. If everybody (give) £1, we would have enough.
54. He might get fat if he (stop) smoking.
55. If he knew that it was dangerous, he (not come).
56. If you (see) someone drowning what would you do?
57. I (be) ruined if I bought her everything she asked for.
58. If you slept under a mosquito net, you (not be) bitten so often.
59. I could get a job easily if I (have) a degree.
60. If she (do) her hair differently, she might look quite nice.
61. If we had more rain, our crops (grow) faster.
62. The whole machine would fall to pieces if you (remove) that screw
63. I (keep) a horse if I could afford it.
64. I’d go and see him more often if he (live) on a bus route.
65. If they (ban) the sale of alcohol at football matches, there might be less violence.
66. I (offer) to help if I thought I’d be any use.
67. What would you do if the lift (get) stuck between two floors?
68. If you (paint) the walls white, the room would be much brighter.
69. If you (change) your job, would it affect your pension?
70. If you knew you had only six weeks to live how would you spend those six weeks?
71. You wouldn’t have so much trouble with your car if you (have) it serviced regularly.
72. I’d climb over the wall if there (not be) so much broken glass on it.
73. If I had known that you were in hospital, I (visit) you.
74. The ground was very soft. But for that, my horse (win).
75. If you (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat.
76. You would have seen my garden at its best if you (be) here last week.
77. But for his quickness, I (be) killed.
78. I shouldn’t have believed it if I (not see) it with my own eyes.
79. If he had slipped, he (fall) 500 meters.
80. If he had asked you, you (accept)?
81. If I (had) a map, I would have been all right.
82. If I (know) that you were coming, I’d have baked a cake.
83. I (offer) to help him if I had realized that he was ill.
84. If you had left that was alone, it (not sting) you.
85. If I (realize) what a bad driver you were, I wouldn’t have come with you.
86. If I had realized that the traffic lights were red I (stop).
87. But for the fog we (reach) our destination ages ago.
88. If you had told me that he never paid his debts I (not lend) him the money.
89. If you (not sneeze) he wouldn’t have known that we were there.
90. If you (put) some mustard in the sandwiches they would have tasted better.
91. The hens (not get) into the house if you had shut the door.
92. If he had known that the river was dangerous, he (not try) to swim across it.
93. If you (speak) more slowly, he might have understood you.
94. If he had known the whole story, he (not be) so angry.
95. I shouldn’t have eaten it if I (know) that there was ginger in it.
96. If I (try) again I think that I would have succeeded.
97. You (not get) into trouble if you had obeyed my instructions.
98. If you hadn’t been in such a hurry, you (not put) sugar into the sauce instead of salt.
99. She had a headache; otherwise she (come) with us.
100. If I (be) ready when he called he would have taken me with him
101. If she had listened to my directions, she (not turn) down the wrong street.
102. If you (look) at the engine for a moment, you would have seen what was missing.
103. Rome (be captured) by her enemies if the geese hadn’t cackled.
104. He would have been arrested if he (try) to leave the country.
105.I (take) a taxi if I had realized that it was such a long way.
106. You (save) me a lot of trouble if you had told me where you were going.
107. They would have forced their way into the house if I (not call) for help.
108. If he had put out his pipe before putting it in his pocket, he (not burn) a hole in his coat.
109. If you (find) a skeleton in the cellar don’t mention it to anyone.
110. If you pass your examination we (have) a celebration.
111. What (happen) if I press this button?
112. I should have voted for her if I (have) a vote then.
113. If you go to Paris where you (stay)?
114. If someone offered to buy you one of those rings, which you (choose)?
115. The flight may be cancelled if the fog (get) thick.
116. If the milkman (come) tell him to leave two pints.
117. Someone (sit) on your glasses if you leave them there.
118. You would play better bridge if you (not talk) so much.
119. What I (do) if I hear the burglar alarm?
120. If you (read) the instructions carefully you wouldn’t have answered the wrong question.
121. I could repair the roof myself if I (have) a long ladder.
122. Unless they turn that radio off I (go) mad.
123. If you were made redundant what you (do)?
124. We’ll have a long way to walk if we (run) out of petrol here.
125. If you shake that bottle of port it (not be) fit to drink.
126. I’ll probably get lost unless he (come) with me.
127. You (not have) so many accidents if you drove more slowly.
128. If you (wear) a false beard nobody would have recognized you.
129. If she (leave) the fish there the car will get it.
130. Unless they leave a lamp beside that hole in the road somebody (fall) into it.
131. You’ll get pneumonia if you (not change) your wet clothes.
132. If I had known that you couldn’t eat octopus I (not buy) it.
133. If they (hang) that picture lower people would be able to see it.
134. She (be able) to walk faster if her shoes hadn’t such high heels.
135. I (bring) you some beer if I had known that you were thirsty.
136. If you had touched that electric cable you (be) electrocuted.
137. If the story hadn’t been true the newspaper (not print) it.
138. I (not buy) things on the installment system if I were you.
139. Dial 999 if you (want) Police, Ambulance, or Fire Brigade.
140. You (not be) any use to me unless you learn to type.
141. If anyone attacked me, my dog (jump) at his throat.
142. If he were in he (answer) the phone.
143. The ship would have run around if the pilot (make) one mistake.
144. I shouldn’t have taken your umbrella if I (known) that it was the only one you had.
145. If I (have) time, I will write to him.
146. If it’s cold, I (need) a heavier coat.
147. What are you going to do if you (have) a holiday?
148. If I can go tomorrow, I (let) you know.
149. If I should meet Helen, I (give) her your message.
150. If flowers don’t get any water, they (die)
151. If I (get) a headache, I usually take some aspirins.
152. I will go to the party unless it (rain)
153. She will buy car as long as it (not be) too expensive.
154. Everything (be) all right provided you tell the truth.
155. If he (come), please tell him that I’ll be back in a few minutes.
156. Don’t come if they (not call) you.
157. If you (need) some help, why don’t you tell me?
158. Suppose you (win) a lot of money, what would you do?
159. If I got up earlier, I (not be) late for work.
160. If I didn’t feel so tired, I (go) out with you.
161.If you (pass) the exam, would you take it again?
162. If I (be) you, I would apply for the job.
163. I could repair the car if I (have) the right tools.
164. If I (study) hard, I would have passed the exam.
165. If I (not be) busy yesterday, I would have visited you.
166. She (go) to the university if she had had the opportunity.
167. Suppose they had offered her a job, do you think she (take) it?
168. If she hadn’t been ill yesterday, she (go) to work now.
169. If I (be) you, I wouldn’t have told him the truth yesterday.
170. If today were Monday, I (not go) to work yesterday.
171. What would happen if you (not go) to work tomorrow.
172. If I had gone to your party last night, I (be) very tired now.
173. Why didn’t you phone? If I (know) you were coming, I (meet) you at the airport.
174. It’s a pity you missed the party. If you (come), you (meet) my friends from Hungary.
175. If we (have) some tools, we (be able) to repair the car, but we haven’t got any with us.
176. Thank you for your help. If you (not help), I (not pass) the examination.
177. It’s a beautiful house, and I (buy) it if I (have) the money, but I can’t afford it.
178. I can’t imagine what I (do) with the money if I (win) the football pools or a lottery.
179. Mark isn’t a serious athlete. If he (train) harder, he (be) quite a good runner.
180. If Claire (listen) to her mother, she (not marry) David in the first place.
181. It rained every day on our holiday. If we (not take) the television with us, we (not have) anything to do.
182. Jim is so untidy! If he (buy) some new clothes, he (not look) so bad.
183. The photograph would have been much better if it (be) lighter in the room.
184. He (die) if the surgeon hadn’t operated on him.
185. Please don’t disturb him if he (be) busy.
186. If ice (be) heavier than water, it wouldn’t float.
187. If you had strained your ears, you (hear) a slight noise in the bushes.
188. If you had done as I talk you, you (succeed)
189. If I followed his advice, I (be) a fool.
II. Rewrite these sentences, using an if construction.
1. Bich is worried because Trung looks at her.(2) Bich worried if T would not be rung didn’t look at her.
2. Be quiet or I’ll kill you (1)
If you aren’t quiet, I’ll kill you.
If you are quiet, I won’t kill you.
3. Nga doesn’t feel happy ,so she eats sweets. (2)
If Nga felt happy, she wouldn’t eat sweets
4. If it doesn’t rain tonight, Thanh will go to bed early.(unless)
5. Hien doesn’t walk quickly because Hien is hungry. 6. Hurry up or I’ll go alone
7. Ngan cries so much because she is lonely.
8. If it isn’t nice, we’ll drink coffee.(unless)
9. My doesn’t have much money, so My can’t lend Nhan
10. Jack isn’t a fish so he can’t be a shark.
11. Chi doesn’t like Hai because he has white hair. 12. Be happy or you’ll die
13. Anh is absent from class regularly because Anh plays games
14. If Cuc and Vu don’t drink milk ,they won’t grow well. (unless)
15. Without love, people would die.
16. People couldn’t live without money .
16. An isn’t tall, so Vu doesn’t look at her.
17. People don’t talk to Jack because he is a dangerous man.
18. Everyone wouldn’t exist without the sunlight .
19. Noi becomes happy because he has a gift from Ngan.
20. Unless Ha comes early, Hai will be angry.
21. Alex likes cats so she buys ten cats.
22. John is not a superman, so Sue can be an angel.
23. Unless it rains, Ann will ride her horse to school.
24. An doesn’t have wings , so she can’t fly to school.
25. Chi isn’t an ocean because Vu isn’t a boat.
26. Without plant, the earth wouldn’t exist.
27. I didn’t know you were coming to Ha Noi .That’s why I went on holiday.
28. The thief left his gloves at the scene. He was arrested.
29. She walked to the meeting so she was late .
30. Now, She is working at the factory, so she can’t meet you.
31. The woman didn’t say what she wanted, so I put the phone down.
32. Hurry up or we’ll go first.
33. I am not you, so I can’t help him.
34. He don’t speak clearly, so we can’t understand him.
35. You didn’t ask me, I didn’t explain it to you.
36. Laura doesn’t come .She can’t help us.
37. Remember to turn on the lights or you will be in the dark.
38. He didn’t have time, so he didn’t go with us.
39. I have to study .I can’t go to the movie with you.
40. They don’t lend me the money, so I don’t go in to business right way.
41. We didn’t have their phone number so we couldn’t call for them.
42. I am very busy, I don’t have time to read novels.
43. You have to wear raincoat or you will be wet.
44. I didn’t know your name, so I couldn’t introduce you with my friends.
45. The ancient happened because the driver in front stopped so quickly.
46. I didn’t wake George because I didn’t know he wanted to get up early.
47. I was able to buy the motorbike because Jim lent me the money.
48. She was injured in the crash because She was wearing a seat belt.
49. She didn’t buy the coat because she didn’t have enough money on her.
50. Jim got to the bus stop in time, so he wasn’t late for his interview.
51. Debbie recommended the hotel to us, we stayed at this hotel.
52. You’re hungry now because you didn’t have breakfast.
53. He lost his money simply because he wasn’t careful.
54. He didn’t hurry so she missed the train.
55. We didn’t go because it rained.
56. Without this treatment, the patient would have died ( receive/get )
57. The accident happened because the train driver ignored a warning light.
58. We got lost because we didn’t have a map.
59. Mr. Mills lost his job because he was late every day
60. John is fat because he eats so many chips.
61. Elizabeth got a bad cough because she started smoking cigarettes.
62. We didn’t go on holiday because we didn’t have enough money.
63. My brother didn’t leave the car keys, so I couldn’t pick him up at the station.
64. Susan felt sick because she ate four cream cakes.
65. Don’t complain any more or they’ll sack us
66. He often works overtime .His health is worse and worse.
67. Pay attention or you will not follow what teacher is explaining.
68. He wasted his youth playing games. That’s why he regrets now
69. Keep silent or you’ll wake up the baby up.
70. You don’t save electricity. You pay a lot of money.
71. He smoke too much; perhaps that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough.
72. She is very shy; that’s why she doesn’t enjoy parties.
73. He doesn’t take any exercise; that’s why he is so unhealthy.
74. I haven’t the right change so we can’t get tickets from the machine.
75. They speak French to her, not English, so her English, so her English doesn’t improve.
76. He doesn’t work overtime, so he doesn’t earn as much as I do.
77. You didn’t tell me we had run out of bread, so I didn’t buy any.
78. I didn’t see the signal, so I didn’t stop.
79. I didn’t know your number, so I didn’t ring.
80. She didn’t know you were in hospital, so she didn’t visit you.
81. We only came by bus because there were no taxis.
82. She didn’t speak to him, possibly because she was so shy
83. My number isn’t in the directory so people don’t ring me up