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CHUYÊN ĐỀ WORD FORMATION Bồi dưỡng ôn tập đội tuyển dự thi Quốc Gia
CHUYÊN ĐỀ WORD FORMATION BỒI DƯỠNG ÔN TẬP ĐỘI TUYỂN DỰ THI QUỐC GIA dành cho ôn luyện các Kỳ thi học sinh giỏi THPT dành cho các bạn học sinh tham khảo, ôn tập, chuẩn bị cho kì thi.
Môn: Chủ đề: Word formation - Từ loại 196 tài liệu
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Preparing for the Future
It's a time of (0) contentment that should be as relaxed and as worry-free as
possible. For the financially well-prepared, retirement can mean the (1)
……………… of hobbies, going on (2) ………………………… and the odd
trip abroad. For those who fail to organize their affairs properly, however, a
worryingly different reality looms - one of tightened belts, limited (3)
……………………. and the scramble to find other sources of income.
In the face of already creaking budgets and alarming (4)
……………….. trends European governments are (5) ……………… trying to
scale back their pension obligations. As the state looks for ways to alter the
retirement (6) ………………. picture, the onus will increasingly be on you, the
individual, to boost the (7) ……………… you will have in your frost-working
life. Building a decent retirement pot takes time and planning, and while
portfolios can always be fine-tuned to suit individual needs, it is best to check
the (8) ……………………… of any investment.
Start as early as possible. To young workers, retirement can seem a
long way off. But the longer you wait, the harder it is to catch up - and the
more you will have to put (9) ………………… later.
Consider your age. As a rule of thumb, the younger you are, the longer
your investment time .horizon and therefore the riskier your portfolio can be
unless you are (10) …………………………. lucky. (0) CONTENT (1) PURSUE (2) OUT (3) SAVE (4) POPULOUS (5) DESPAIR (6) PROVIDE (7) COME (8) SUIT (9) SIDE (10) EXCEPT A Trip Back in Time
Let's do the time warp and head back to 1973. What is the biggest (0)
difference you notice between life now and almost 30 years ago? Probably
nothing more startling than the men's (1) ………………….. bouffant hairstyles.
In terms of the (2) …………………… and pleasure offered by the (3)
………………… of the time, 1973 would provide a soft landing for Millennium
Man. A trip back to 1973 would certainly not be a return to the Dark Ages.
In some ways, of course, 1973 does seem a world away. In that year,
computer pioneers like Apple's (4) ……………. , were still working out of
garages and were entirely (5) …………….. to the public; VHS was a
meaningless combination of letters, with (6) ……………….. home video
recording not due to appear for another two years.
One of the less (7) …………………. developments in 1973 was ABS -
one of the earliest consumer (8) …………………. of computer micro-
processors, which the Intel company in the States - long before it became a
(9) …………………… name - had developed in 1970. The microprocessor
was the last component that needed to be invented for small home
computers to become a (10) …………………… . (0) DIFFER (1) RIDICULE (2) CONVENIENT (3) TECHNICAL (4) FOUND (5) KNOW (6) PRACTICE (7) SPECTACLE (8) APPLY (9) HOUSE (10) REAL Battle to Save the Amazon
As the Brazilian transport plane (0) banked over the Amazonian rainforest,
(1) ……………… Ghilean Prance gazed at the dark green canopy below: an
expanse of trees almost (2) ………………….. for 2.5 million square miles,
with more (3) ………………. of plant and animal life than any other place on earth.
Few (4) ……………. knew more about the rainforest and its
ecosystem than Prance. He had just been appointed (5) ……………. of
postgraduate studies at the National Amazonian Research Institute in
Manaus, the Amazonian regions' capital. Before that, as research assistant
then a curator of the (6) ……………. New York Botanical Garden, he had
spent almost ten years working on the forest.
In his search for new plant specimens he was more used to travelling
on foot or by boat. But now the Brazilian (7) ……………… government had
constructed a road through the Amazon basin. On this bright November
morning he was flying out with two other course tutors and 14 botany (8)
…………………… to study its impact on the rainforest.
Suddenly, below the wing, he saw a long (9) ……………… cut across
the forest. This was it - the new 3,400.mile Trans-Amazonian Highway. With a
sudden stab of foreboding, he thought: What's this going to do to the forest,
and all its (10) ………………… plants and animals? (0) BANK (1) BOTANY (2) BREAK (3) VARY (4) SIDE (5) DIRECT (6) PRESTIGE (7) MILITIA (8) STUDY (9) INCISE (10) MARVEL
Is This the End of the Line for Environmentalists?
(0) Environmentalism has been a great force for good and one of the most
important technological and educational movements of the 20th century. We
owe the movement a great deal. But times are changing quickly and now
environmentalism, too, is (1) ………………. part of the problem. It has begun
to harden into an (2) …………………. and mystique, and some of "its
doctrines - a romantic (3) ……………… to view al human activity as (4)
……………….. to nature.
Not all environmentalists think this way, of course, but many people
have come to believe that all we have to do to save the world is 1eave nature
alone, (5) ……………… human impacts, protect the places (6) ………………
by human activity and try to recapture the values of (7) ……………………
and village life. In this view, science and technology are villains. But a
different vision is beginning to emerge, born of a revised (8) ………………. of
the past, new information about the present and different scenarios of what may lie ahead.
It is increasingly clear that the past was not one long era of green (9)
………………………. . Research reveals that primitive peoples modified their
environments in many ways through building, migrating, farming and the (10)
…………………. of animals. (0) ENVIRONMENT (1) COME (2) IDEA (3) TEND (4) DESTROY (5) MINIMAL (6) TOUCH (7) TRIBE (8) STAND (9) WISE (10) DOMESTIC A New Stamping Ground
The (0) traditional picture of the stamp col ector as either a (1)
………………… man in advancing middle-age or a short-trousered schoolboy
was never real y accurate. A more (2) …………………. division would have
been between the specialist, collecting only the stamps of one country, and
the general col ector who was interested, if not in the whole world, then
certainly in a large group of countries.
(3) …………………….. with almost every postal administration
increasing the cost of the annual output, collectors are becoming much more
(4) …………………… . Many more of them are joining the ranks of the
specialists. Societies catering for such collectors are noting with (5)
……………………… how membership is increasing at a surprising rate.
Prices being paid for scarce and (6) ………………….. stamps are
currently increasing at rates not seen since the boom of the 1970s. The
mechanics of the stamp trade are also changing. The internet seems certain
to have a (7) …………………. effect on the hobby. Through the internet
buying and selling now takes place (8) …………………….. bringing about a
true world market. Initially, this may result in some (9) ………………….. in
prices but the long-term trend is likely to be (10) ……………… and farsighted
dealers are now setting up websites, ready to meet demand. (0) TRADITION (1) CONVENE (2) REAL (3) DAY (4) SELECT (5) ASTONISH(6) DESIRE (7) DRAMA (8) NATIONAL (9) FLUCTUATE (10) UP The Future of the Phone
Once the (0) exclusive domain of executives with expense accounts, the
mobile phone is set to become one of the (1) …………………… technologies
of the 21st century. (2) …………………… a few years, the mobile phone will
(3) …………………. evolve from a voice-only device to a multi-functional
communicator (4) ……………….. of transmitting and receiving not only
sound, but video, still images, data and text.
The communications (5) …………………….. is already taking shape
around the globe. In Europe, trials are being (6) …………………. using
mobile phones for electronic commerce. For example, most phones contain a
subscriber information module (SIM) card that serves (7) ……………………
to identify a user to the phone network. But the card could also (8)
…………………. limited financial transactions. Deutsche Bank and Nokia, for
example are working together to develop mobile banking services.
Some manufacturers plan to (9) ………………. the SIM card to an all-
in-one personal identification and credit card. This will make all kinds of
services more (10) ……………………… . (0) EXCLUDE (1) CENTRE (2) IN (3) DOUBT (4) ABLE (5) REVOLT (6) TAKE (7) PRIME (8) FACILITY (9) GRADE (10) ACCESS Wil iam Morris
He was a giant of an (0) artist, a Victorian who produced glorious designs as
(1) ……………………….. as the trees which so often inspired him. His (2)
……………….. swirls tendrils and blossoms today adorn floors, furniture, windows and books.
William Morris was a Jack - and master - of al trades. (3)
…………………. , he relished tackling several at once. (4) ………………….. ,
cal ers often found him simultaneously writing a lecture, composing a poem,
making a design and working at a tapestry loom.
(5) ……………….. son of a wealthy businessman, Morris was born in
1834 in Walthamstow - then just a village, close to Epping Forest. Thick-set,
of medium height, Morris had a proud (6) …………………………. face, quick
hazel eyes, and a wild reddish-brown beard and mane. He never shaved or
wore a tie if he could help it. Yet for all his (7) …………………… he had the confident air of a conqueror.
His simple goodness and lovable nature won him a circle of brilliant, devoted
(8) ………………… . Never (9) …………….. Morris was always ready to join
his friends in fishing, fencing, bowls and, above all, good talk. Yeats wrote, ‘I
discovered his (10) ……………….. and joy and made him my chief of men. (0) ART (1) TIME (2) GRACE (3) MORE (4) BELIEVE (5) OLD (6) HAND (7) TIDY (8) COMPANY (9) CONSIDER (10) SPONTANEOUS The Face
Most snap (0) judgements about people are formed on the basis of their (1)
……………..……. features. The eyes, regarded as clues to one's true
character, are said (2) ………………….. to be the windows of the soul: closely
positioned, they imply (3) ………………. ; set wide apart they suggest (4)
……………… and directness. Thin mouths are equated with meanness and
full mouths with (5) …………….. . Unconsciously, we make such instant
judgements and they are made about us.
There is no hiding place for the face. Always exposed and vulnerable, it (6)
…………………. expresses happiness, desire and Joy, anger, ear, same and
(7) ……………….. . Precisely for that reason, a masked face evokes fear and
horror: once someone’s distinguishing (8) ………………… are hidden, we
cannot read or recognise the person and fear of the (9)…………… .
immediately arouses (10) ………………….. . (0) JUDGE (1) FACE (2) POETRY (3) SLY (4) HONEST (5) SENSUAL (6) VOLUNTARY (7) LOATHE (8) CHARACTER (9) KNOW (10) SUSPECT Van Meegeren
The twentieth-century study of Vermeer's works was (0) gravely, hampered by
the activities of Hans Van Meegeren, whose (1) …………….. stems from a
series of stunning (2) ………………. painted in the 1930's and 40's, Van
Meegeren exploited the art world's (3) ………………. of Vermeer's early life by
painting a number of fakes that went on to be (4) …………………. as genuine
work s of Vermeer by the leading authorities of the day. His (5) ………………
were only exposed in the aftermath of World War II, when a (6)
……………….., Vermeer was found amongst the numerous illicit (7)
………………….. of Herman Goering It was soon established that he had
been sold the painting by Van Meegeren, who was arrested as a collaborator.
In order to escape possible (8) …………………. , Van Meegeren confessed to
having forged the picture only to find that his story was met with total (9) …………….. .
To test his claim, he was locked in a studio with a panel of experts and
ordered to produce another 'Vermeer': stunned by the (10) ……………….. of
his technique, the judges released him before he had even completed the painting. (0) GRAVE (1) NOTORIOUS (2) FORGE (3) IGNORE (4) AUTHENTIC (5) DECEIVE (6) SUPPOSE (7) ACQUIRE (8) EXECUTE (9) BELIEVE (10) MASTER Hardy and the Critics
On its first (0) appearance, Hardy's Jude the Obscure (1895) caused a furore
because of the (1) …………………. of its discussion of relationships outside
marriage and its attacks on social (2) ………………. . One newspaper
dismissed the novel as 'drivel and dirt' and a bishop burnt the book in public,
This (3) …………… , however, should not have taken Hardy entirely by
surprise. A previous work, The Return of the Native had provoked (4)
……………….. of decadence, while Tess of the D' Urbervil es only appeared in
(5) ……………….. form after the author agreed to make (6) …………….
changes. Chief among these was a scene in which Angel carries Tess and her
two (7) ………………… in his arms across a flooded lane. At the editor's (8)
………………, Tess and her friends were transported by wheelbarrow in the revised version,
The public reaction to Jude only served to (9) …………… Hardy’s resolve to
confine himself to poetry in the future. He once (10) ……………… remarked
that "If Galileo had said in verse that the world moved, the Inquisition might have left him alone." (0) APPEAR (1) FRANK (2) TOLERATE (3) RECEIVE (4) ACCUSE (5) SERIES (6) SUBSTANCE (7) COMPANY (8) INSIST (9) HARD (10) WRY American English
None of the interesting and (0) extraordinary things Americans are doing to
the language really matter as long as we get the (1) …………….. meaning
across to each other, It seems to me that the messages (2) ……………… out
of the various gyrations of American English are, on the whole, promising, It is
a positive development if our young people are displaying a personal
sympathy with the cause of (3) ……………….. , and if older people are
developing a greater (4) ………………. to one another's feelings. Similarly, if
technology is considerably (5) ……………… our vocabulary (and by (6)
…………………. , our thinking and our vision) then the sometimes baffling,
sometimes (7) …………………. and strikingly original way we speak are (8)
………………. signals. If, in the process, we engage in some jawbreaking
nonsense, no great harm is done.
For al its (9) ………………….. , American English is, without doubt,
increasingly (10) ………………….. around the world and, to all of us at home, that is good news, man. (0) ORDINARY (1) INTEND (2) PULSE (3) EQUAL (4) SENSITIVE (5) RICH (6) IMPLY (7) ORTHODOX (8) OPTIMISM (9) ODD (10) INFLUENCE Sultan Abdul Hamid II
Sultan Abdul Hamid II was the last of the great (0) rulers of the Ottoman
house of Osman. As the immediate (1) …………………. to two sultans who
had been deposed, he came to the throne a very nervous man. He considered
(2) …………….. at his palaces to be far too lax, and set about building a new
(3) …………….. palace from scratch. To this end, he secured the services of a
dozen architects and commissioned each to build just one twelfth of the
palace, working in complete (4) ……………… of the progress of the other
eleven. In effect, the Sultan built himself the world's most elaborate and (5)
……………… prison. Every room was connected to a secret underground
passage and many of the rooms were booby-trapped: at the flick of a switch,
cupboards would fly open and (6) ………………. control ed revolvers would fire.
The Sultan employed thousands of spies and secret agents; the ones he
considered most (7) ……………. being the hundreds of caged parrots which
were hung on street corners and trained to squawk if they saw a stranger.
Another of his many (8) ……………… was that he always carried a pearl-
handled revolver. No-one dared put their hands in their pockets in his (9)
……………. to do so would have been an invitation for him to take a pot shot.
When one of his daughters once (10) ……………. gave him a shove from
behind, he spun round and shot her before realising who it was. (0) RULE (1) SUCCEED (2) SECURE (3) PENETRATE (4) IGNORE (5) EXTEND (6) MECHANISM (7) TRUST (8) PECULIAR (9) PRESENT (10) PLAY Thai Customs
To the uninitiated, it can seem that Thai life is one (0) continuous ceremony
of (1) ………………… gestures and deference to social rank. Initially, trying to
understand the (2) ………………. of Thai social protocol is rather like trying to
remember which fork goes where at your first formal dinner. It is hard for
western travellers not to be (3) ………………. to this and many invariably
begin to feel inept and clumsy as they realise that (4) ……………. of face and
body al have potential meaning in daily Thai interactions. Often, this ritual
behaviour can cause embarrassment and (5) ……………. to westerners, who
may tend to confuse deference with (6) …………….. . But as any foreign
resident will tell you, the Thais are anything but servile. Although Thais are
known for their (7) ……………… , they draw the line at tourists climbing on
statues of Buddha to take photographs. The sanctity of Buddha is protected by
law, and offenders will face (8) ……………… . Likewise, the royal family is
highly venerated. Tourists can and will be arrested for making (9)
……………… remarks or showing (10) ………………. towards photographs or
symbols of royal family I members. (0) CONTINUE (1) SYMBOL (2) INTRICATE (3) SENSE (4) MOVE (5) IRRITATE (6) SERVE (7) TOLERATE (8) PROSECUTE (9) OFFEND (10) RESPECT Mesmer
In the (0) second half of the 18th century, there appeared in Vienna and later
in Paris a curious man who claimed he had perfected the art of healing.
Claiming there was an animating force flowing through al things, which he
cal ed animal (1) ……………… , Franz Anton Mesmer devised a mysterious
treatment involving magnets and strange, (2) ……………….. music. The
medical community of the day was both (3) ……………… and envious of the
enormous sums of money Mesmer was making and, after close investigation,
they declared that his methods were (4) ……………… . In spite of the (5)
……………….. of many doctors, Mesmer's patients trusted him as his cures
seemed to work. Now, over two hundred years later, although his theories and
work are far from vindicated, Mesmer is recognised as having laid the (6)
…………….. for several major advances in the healing sciences. For example,
he was the first to emphasise the importance of establishing a relationship
between (7) ……………… and patient based on mutual interest and sympathy,
which Mesmer cal ed "rapport", the French word for harmony or connection.
This word is still used in psychology today to describe a relationship in which a
patient takes an interest in their treatment and (8) ……………. with the doctor.
Mesmer's insistence that many of the body's (9) …………. were attributable to
a person's state of mind paved the way over a century later for the study of
psychology. He also seemed to be aware, at least (10) …………….. , that his
treatment had a placebo effect, that is, his patients felt better mainly because
they believed they would. And perhaps most importantly, he is seen as a
pioneer in the use of hypnosis (or "mesmerising", as it came to be cal ed) in
the treatment of people suffering some physical condition. (0) TWO (1) MAGNET (2) SOOTHE (3) SUSPECT (4) FRAUD (5) BELIEVE (6) GROUND (7) PHYSIC (8) OPERATE (9) AIL (10) PART Escher
Maurits Cornel is Escher, who was born on June 17, 1898 in Leeuwarden,
Netherlands, must be recognised as one of the most (0) original artists of the
twentieth century. At a young age, Escher was (1) ……………….. by his father to
learn carpentry and other skil s. Though he was not a very good student in general,
his artistic talent was (2) …………… early in his schooling. He was advised by his
family and friends to pursue this interest in a regular career, (3) …………..
architecture. Once at the School for Architecture and Decorative Arts, however,
Escher realised that his true passion lay in the graphic arts. He spent the next two
years at art school, where he mastered graphic and woodcutting techniques. Upon
completion of his schooling, he travel ed (4) ……………… throughout southern
France, Spain and Italy. During these travels, he garnered (5) …………………
sources of inspiration for his work. Throughout his career as an artist, Escher was
intrigued by the art of structure. Though his early work tended toward realistic (6)
…………….. of the landscape and architecture observed during his travels, it
reflected a greater fascination for structural constructions than for the landscape
itself. Escher visited the Alhambra in Granada several times, as he was (7)
…………….. by the beautiful Moorish ornamentations that fil ed the entire space on
the walls. The inspiration there laid the foundation for his work after 1937, for which
he is most famous. These works involve repeated patterns and regular divisions of
two-dimensional surfaces, impossible constructions, and infinite space. His work from
then until his death in 1972 was driven by a unique (8) ………………… of
mathematical concepts. Through his (9) …………….. creations, Escher was able to
lay a symbolic bridge between the realms of art and science, and his influence will
(10) …………….. continue wel into the twenty-first century. (0) ORIGIN (1) COURAGE (2) APPEAR (3) NAME (4) EXTEND (5) NUMBER (6) PORTRAY (7) CAPTURE (8) UNDERSTAND (9) WONDER (10) DOUBT Homes For Workers
The housing crisis (0) facing London's underpaid key workers - teachers, bus drivers
and the like - has received a lot of media attention recently, but it seems that a (1)
…………. may have been found. There is now a new initiative to build cheap, portable
flat-pack homes on land in (2) ………… car parks or playing fields. This morning at a
press conference the plans were (3) ………….. for the first time. These homes, which
come ful y furnished, will be sold for less than their market value in such a way that
(4) …………… wil be shared between the buyers and housing (5) …………….. .
However, unlike most schemes of this kind, the buyers will not have to pay rent on top
of their mortgages for a number of years when they first buy. This wil (6) ……………
more people to find the resources to buy the flats. It is hoped that thousands of these
flats wil be built in various (7) …………. across London. The flats wil also be
available for rental, with priority being given to those on low salaries, people who can
currently only afford to rent a room in a shared house. Prototypes go on display at the
Ideal Home Exhibition tomorrow. The studio flat is 33 square metres with a relatively
(8) ………….. kitchen and bathroom. For those who have been renting a beds it, it wil
seem (9) …………. . Apart from cost, the flats also have other advantages. They can
be dismantled and rebuilt elsewhere, so they can be put up in places where
permanent homes cannot. The problem of expensive land wil be (10) ………….. by
using landowners like the NHS who have spaces like car parks where a block of flats could be easily erected. (0) FACE (1) SOLVE (2) USE (3) VEIL (4) OWN (5) ASSOCIATE (6) ABLE (7) LOCATE (8) SPACE (9) PALACE (10) COME Fox-Hunting
There must be very few people these days who would come to the (0)
defence of such an abominable sport as fox- hunting. The prevailing opinion
on this matter is that it is completely and utterly (1) ………………. . The sheer
cruelty of giving chase to an animal before putting it to its death is (2)
…………….. to most people. Not, however, to hunter and writer Charlotte
Mathewson, who supports this blood sport wholeheartedly. "The current (3)
……………. towards fox-hunters is not entirely without (4) ……………. ,"
Mathewson admits somewhat (5) ……………… . "After all, animals are killed."
She goes on to say that the merits of fox-hunting have long been (6)
……………….. and that a complete ban on it could be (7) ……………. for the
conservation of rural areas since hunting helps keep these pests in check.
"The (8) …………….. of over 200,000 acres of woodland relies on hunts. This
is in sharp contrast to the 15,000 acres which are managed by the ecological
group British Nature," she (9) ………….. adds. That's all well and good, but the
recent (10) ……………….. of fox-hunting is bound to have the anti-hunting
lobby understandably up in arms once more. (0) DEFEND (1) ACCEPT (2) COMPREHEND (3) HOSTILE (4) JUSTIFY (5) GRUDGE (6) ESTIMATE (7) DISASTER (8) MAINTAIN (9) HASTE (10) RESUME Recreation
How useful is recreation? Is it merely something to pass the time and keep (0)
boredom at bay? When we consider the (1) …………….. documented
benefits of leisure in terms of physical fitness, or coping with the stress of
everyday life, it is (2) …………….. to discover that governments do not
al ocate more funds to developing policies and programmes that promote
recreational activities. The major reason for this is that, although the benefits
to individuals are widely known, it is not yet so (3) ……………. accepted that
these benefits also extend to the workplace and society as a whole. Rather,
the view is taken that since the benefits are (4) …………… by individuals, then
they should find and pay for their own leisure, just as they find and pay for
their own food. The (5) …………….. benefits of leisure investments are (6)
……………. especial y when one considers how much people are willing to
spend on their recreation. In the United States, Disneyland in California has
attracted nearly half a billion visitors since it was opened in 1955, and in
Colorado Ski Country, over 10 mil ion (7) ………….. take to the slopes every
year. There is a long list of psychological benefits. They include a perceived
sense of freedom, (8) …………… and autonomy, improved self-esteem, (9)
………………. skills, and a better ability to relate to others, which in turn leads
to greater (10) …………………. and understanding. Clearly it would be in the
interest of a business to have employees with such qualities, and of a
government to promote a society whose members reap the rewards of recreation. (0) BORE (1) SCIENCE (2) PUZZLE (3) READY (4) REAL (5) ECONOMY (6) DISPUTE (7) SKI (8) DEPEND (9) LEAD (10) TOLERATE The Birth of Sensationalism
At the time of the 1) ………………… of President John F Kennedy, television
news was still very much in its 2) …………….. as far as presenting such 3)
………….……… live events was concerned. For the first time, the people of an
entire nation sat before their screens in horror as details of the attack and
subsequent death of their President unfolded before their 4) ……………… eyes.
Unfortunately, far from presenting the events and their implications with
professional detachment and 5) ………………, the various broadcasters
involved allowed their 6) ……………… to be usurped by inappropriate displays
of personal emotion. With hindsight, such a loss of that al -important
detachment can be understood and even forgiven, given the fact that the
medium was faced with such an 7) ………………………act of calculated
violence at a time when the nation as a whole had never experienced such an
event within the television age. For the fol owing 25 years, television news 8)
………………. reported on many tragedies. It was not until the disaster of
PanAm Flight l03 over the smal Scottish village of Lockerbie in l988 that the
news media were again galvanised to such an extent. More 9) …………… ,
though, the Lockerbie disaster also highlighted a far more disturbing trend in television news' handling
of the 10) …………….. aftermath: the unrestrained use of sensationalistic reporting. (1) ASSASSIN (2) INFANT (3) SHOCK (4) BELIEVE (5) CLEAR (6) OBJECT (7) EXPECT (8) ROUTINE (9) WORRY (10) HORROR Sleeping at 35,000 Feet
In the first 0) eventful months of my new career, my very demanding boss had
me travel to Europe seven times. He then very 1) ………………. threw in several
trips within the US and Canada for good measure. The most 2) ………………
lesson that al this flying back and forth taught me was how necessary it is to
sleep during plane rides. It is of the utmost 3) ………………. because if you get
insomnia, or are otherwise prevented from dozing off in mid-air, you will be
exhausted and virtually 4) …………….. once you reach your destination. The
worst thing about air travel is that even if you are bent and determined on 5)
……………. snoozing the flight away, there are always a mil ion and one 6)
……………… which will not allow you to do so. Take, for example, the
passenger who is seated beside you. He or she is a potential 7) ……………….. .
If you see that this person has no reading matter, be sure to immediately feign
sleep or heavy interest in whichever novel you are reading. The reason for this
is that bookless people always want to drink cup after cup of coffee and regale
you with all the details of their lives which makes it impossible for you to drift off
to dreamland. Another sure snore-stopper is 8) …….……… . If the plane
does start rocking and rolling, and you are like me and get white knuckled, wide
eyed, and can 9) ……………… refrain from screaming "Let me out of here!', try
to gain comfort from the extremely calm people who are either chatting happily
or sleeping even as their l0) …………….. peanuts hit the ceiling. (0) EVENT (1) CHARITY (2) FORGET (3) SIGNIFY (4) USE (5) CONTENT (6) DETER (7) DISTRACT (8) TURBULENT (9) BARE (10) SALTY Give it to me Straight
Doctors have traditionally kept 0) unsettling facts from patients, but the philosophy of
evidence-based medicine will empower both. If health care reflects family 1) ……..
…… , few would disagree that doctors have traditional y taken on the role of father
figure, making 2) ………………. on behalf of their patients, who were often only too
happy to be treated like children. But a new 3) ……….…… that's already transforming
the way health care is provided today, can lead to a more adult, mutual y 4) ……...
doctor-patient relationship. Evidence-based medicine is defined as "the conscientious
and explicit use of best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual
patients.' Put simply, the responsibility of deciding which therapies work and which
don't is being taken away from individual doctors. Instead, multi-disciplinary teams of 5)
…………….. , health economists, academics and health practitioners are working
alongside carers to sift through al the available evidence and disseminate the results to
clinicians. ‘Patients are better informed today than ever before, but a vital part of our
work is to 6) …………. that they have access to the same high-quality information as
their doctors,’ says Dr Anne-Toni Rodgers. Old habits die hard - and there are stil
numerous instances of paternalism within the health 7) ………..… , with doctors stil
insisting that the right way forward is to 'protect' patients from 8) ………….
information. But the impact of patient empowerment shouldn't be 9) …………. ,
says Dr Rodgers. We're entering a new age of medicine, where the doctor and patient
come together in a therapeutic 10) ……………. . Doctors who won't drop a paternalistic
attitude could find themselves in constant battles with patients,' she warns. (0) SETTLE (1) RELATE (2) DECIDE (3) DEVELOP (4) RESPECT (5) STATISTIC(6) SURE (7) ESTABLISH (8) QUIET (9) ESTIMATE (10) ALLY The Artist as a Businessman
Art business, arising from the notion of the 0) artist being seen as a craftsman, can be
traced to the 1) ……………… between art and society in the 17th century; Artwork in
itself was not perceived to be enlightening or empowering. Although it often carried 2)
………………….… connotations, art was not the object of 3) ……………….. , but a way
of seeing. As a result, those who created it were not regarded as geniuses, and 4)
………………….. not iconised by society. Rather, artists earned respect and money for
their skil s as craftsmen. Not being subject to the 5) ………………. of mixing 'high art'
with money, artists like Bel ini and Algardi were able to run their workshops
transparently. Based on these 6) …………….. , it is possible to argue that Renaissance
and Baroque artists were able to consider business and 7) ……………… as marketing
practices . However, it is also interesting to note that around this period the notion of
artist as icon begins to emerge, as growing workshops, the professional dealer and art
fairs gain 8) ……………….. . Bel ini’s workshop is a good example of both notions of
artist as craftsman and artist as icon. By the 1670s, at the 9) …………………. of
Bel ini's career, he was so famous and his workshop so busy with commissions that he
barely touched sculptures. lt seems that Bel ini was able to use both notions of artistic
identity to his advantage. Further evidence of the 10) …………….. of the artist as an
icon can be quite aptly seen in Rembrandt, an artist who, 11) …………. , was one of the
first to encounter the critics' anger for mixing art with money. (0) ART (1) RELATE (2) RELIGION (3) SIGNIFY (4) CONSEQUENCE (5) CRITIC (6) ASSUME (7) OPEN (8) IMPORTANT (9) HIGH (10) EMERGE (11) ARGUE A Cycling Prodigy
Six years ago, a video was made of young 0) cyclists at the Maindy track in
Cardiff. One l2-year-old, Nicole Cooke, said her ambition was to win a gold
medal in the next Olympics. Since then Cooke's four world titles in just l2
months have been the 1) ………………… for her words. At l5, she was already
making an 2) ………………. of the course for the world junior title, which she
would be 3) ……………….. to ride for another two years, but which she 4)
……………. won two years ago. At l6, she won the British national women's 5)
……………….. . At 18, Cooke has already earned an 6) ………………….. place
in the record books. During the last four months, she became the first cyclist to
make a clean sweep of the major world titles in any category. 7)
…………………… such as this is an extraordinary achievement. After this 8)
…………………….. display, Cooke will join the top women's professional cycling
team in Italy. She will be a favourite for a Welsh gold at the Commonwealth
Games. But these are merely warm-up 9)……………. . One target stands out for
this school 10) ………………. from South Wales: an Olympic gold. (0) CYCLE (1) JUSTIFY (2) INSPECT (3) ELIGIBLE (4) DUE (5) CHAMPION (6) ASSAIL (7) VERSATILE (8) PRECEDENT (9) COMPETE (10) LEAVE Mum Jailed as Son Run Riot
France has found a new and 1) ……………... weapon in its war against the
increasingly violent tide of youth crime sweeping the country. For the first time,
a court has jailed a parent of delinquent children for parental 2) …………… . The
35-year-old mother was jailed for one month after a court in 3) ………..………
France, heard the criminal records accumulated by her four sons, aged 12 to 17,
while in her care. She was accused of ignoring frequent 4) ……… , egging them
on, refusing to comply with the 5) …………………. of the 'juvenile court, and
leaving the flat in a "filthy, 6) ………………… , cockroach-infested and grease-
covered" state. The French criminal code permits court to punish, by up to two
years in prison, any parent who ‘without legitimate reason shirks the obligations
of parenthood, specifically where the health, safety, morals or education of their
child are 7) …………….. ’. Last year the French authorities announced a
draconian 8) ………………… if measures to stem youth violence, promising
7,000 extra policemen to patrol the volatile suburbs and 50 new high security
juvenile 9) …………….. centres for serious and multiple 10) ……………… aged between 13 and 16. (1) CONTROVERSY (2) COMPETENT (3) EAST (4) TRUANT (5) RECOMMEND (6) REPEL (7) DANGER (8) PACK (9) DETAIN (10) OFFEND Strikes in the ’60s
Strikes were frequent in the l960s, but 0) differences in the kinds of strikes
compared to earlier periods in Canadian history were 1)
……………………………………. . In l966, when the number of strikes and
strikers involved peaked at levels higher than those of the l940s, they did so
within a system of contract col ective 2) …………………… . For example, many
strikes revolved around contract 3) …………………… , not over the actual rights
of workers. However, as workers' 4) ……………………………. , deepened, more
and more of them walked off the job 5) …………………………….. , in what were
known as 'wildcat' strikes. ln the l960s, wildcat strikes were a 6)
……………………… new phenomenon; indeed, these strikes accounted for one
third of disputes reported in l966. Workers, ignoring the terms of their contracts,
struck to protest speed-ups on the 7) ……………………. line, the firing of a
fellow worker, and slow 8) …………………… of grievances and contract 9)
……………………. . ln some instances, wildcat strikers and their leaders found
themselves at odds with one another. The contract system tended to put union
leaders in a 10) …………………..……. position, because they were held
responsible for the actions of their members. (0) DIFFER (1) NOTICE (2) BARGAIN (3) RENEW (4) CONTENT (5) LEGAL (6) RELATE (7) ASSEMBLE (8) REVOLVE (9) NEGOTIATE (10) COMPROMISE Changing Attitude
Interface Inc. CEO, Ray Anderson, has been 0) jokingly called the most
colourful chief executive in America. By combining environmentalism with 1)
………………. to his company's success, Anderson has 2) ………………. proven that being green
can also bring in the green for big business. When
Anderson started Interface Inc., in Georgia, in l973, he was 3) ………………….
about the environment. He'd earned a degree from Georgia Tech, worked for
fourteen plus years in various positions in the floor 4) ………………….. industry,
and was out to make his own carpet business the most 5) ………………… in
the world. He succeeded, turning Interface into a billion-dollar-a-year company.
But there was a price. Every year his factories dumped hundreds of gallons of
wastewater into waterways and spewed nearly 900 6) ……………. into the air. ‘It
was a question of survival, I'm in a highly 7)………………. industry,’ Anderson
8) ………………. in an interview with The Ottawa Citizen. ‘I never gave a
thought to what we were doing to the Earth.’ Then Anderson read Paul
Hawken's book, the Ecology of Commerce. The book suggested that industry
was 9) ……………… destroying the planet, and the only people in a position to
stop the destruction were the 10) ……………. themselves. The book’s
argument spun Anderson’s perspective l80 degrees. (0) JOKE (1) DEDICATE(2) RELENT (3) CONCERN (4) COVER (5) PROFIT (6) POLLUTE (7) COMPETE (8) CALL (9) SYSTEM (10) INDUSTRY
Developments in the Internet Bridal Industry
Wedding site -The Knot- received a major vote of confidence - and a healthy 0)
injection of cash - through a new marketing 1) ………………. with retail giant May
Department Stores Co. Through the agreement, the New York-based site receives a
$5 mil ion 2) ……………………. from St. Louis-based May; which owns department
store chains such as Filene's, Hecht's and Taylor. In 3) ………………… to the cash,
The Knot also lands valuable offline ties, in the form of a co-operation that links the
site to the May stores' wedding registries. As a result of this 4) …………… , a multi-
channel marketing effort win promote the retailers wedding registry services to The
Knot's 23 mil ion registered members. ‘We anticipate great success of this affiliation,
which win unite the number - one wedding Web site, the largest regional wedding
publication, and one of the nation's leading wedding registries,’ said David Liu, co-
founder and chief 5) ……………… officer of The Knot. For May, the affiliation with
The Knot comes as it is reeling from sluggish consumer spending due in large part to
6) …………….. conditions. Last week, May reported a nearly 17% drop in year-to-
year revenues for its fourth quarter. Company board members said they see May's
work with The Knot as helping it to rebound. ‘The strategic implications of this co-
operation are very 7) ………………. ,’ said May chairman Gene Kahn.
-Demographics show that the $70 bil ion bridal industry is ready for significant 8)
…………… . ‘We are excited and energized about this’, he added. It is an 9)
…………… opportunity for May to team with the premier source for wedding-related
information. The Knot has l0) …………….. brand recognition among today's engaged
couples and is acclaimed for offering savvy; fresh ideas and great information for wedding planning.
(0) INJECT (1) PARTNER (2) INVEST (3) ADD
(4) ALLY (5) EXECUTE (6) ECONOMY (7) POWER
(8) GROW (9) PARALLEL (10) IMPRESS
IBM – To Reconsider Sponsorship Deals
IBM Corporation, (0) conspicuously absent from the Salt Lake Winter Games after
40 years as an 0lympic sponsor, will 1) …………… its slate of sports and
entertainment sponsorships. As it weighs its options, IBM win take a more 2) …………….
approach to sponsorship, demanding that each event demonstrates
how problems are solved for IBM customers. The move comes as businesses seek a
better return for their sponsorship cash. 3) ……………… confirmed that l8M's own
sponsorship budget is flat for 2002. Among the handful of deals up for 4)
……………..….. is l8M's sponsorship of the U.S. Open. IBM creates, produces and
hosts the 5) ……………… U.S. Open Web site and runs the real-time scoreboard.
IBM's Global Services unit uses the event to show customers Web-hosting 6)
………………. at the National Tennis Centre. The relationship win end with
September's Open if IBM decides not review it. ‘We hope that IBM win come to the 7)
……………… that the U.S. Open
is a good long-term partner. We're in the
process of discussions: said Pierce O'Neil, chief business officer of the U.S. Open.
‘IBM's current sponsorship roster is terrific, but the question is, can we come up with
an 8) ……………… that meets our needs?’ said Rick Singer, director of 9)
……………. sponsorship marketing for IBM. ‘Our business strategy is shifting, and
we need to pick the right properties to reflect that.’ Mr. Singer said the review doesn't
mean fewer 10) …………….. devoted to sponsorships though the lineup may
change. He hinted that entertainment, specifical y theatre, win play a larger role in the portfolio.
(0) CONSPICUOUS (1) SCRUTINY (2) CAUTION (3) REPRESENT
(4) NEW (5) OFFICE (6) CAPABLE (7) CONCLUDE
(8) AGREE (9) DIRECT (10) SOURCE
Are Footbal ers Earning Too Much?
Whenever a salary increase for top league footbal ers is announced, there is
an 0) outcry from a section of the public. While they agree it's 1) ……………..
that these players are highly skil ed and talented and should be 2) ……….
……….. rewarded, many people feel that the constant increases will result in
the 3) …………….… destruction of the game as we know it today. However,
the footballers themselves hold the opinion that the public's views are based
on a 4) …………..…….. , as most of the income generated by a football club
goes not to the players but the directors and shareholders. The players feel
these protestations are based on middle-class 5) …………….. , pointing the
finger at newspaper articles claiming that the salary levels are just too high for
6) …………… ‘kicking a bal around.’ ln order to 7) …………….. the arguments
justifying their salaries, footballers cite the far higher remunerations of golfers
and boxers, who can earn ten times an average footballer's wage. Perhaps a
more valid 8) …………..…… could be directed at the tremendous difference in
salaries between top-flight footballers (playing for Premier League clubs) and
those in lower (but no less 9) ………..….. and only slightly less popular)
categories. The average weekly wage of footbal ers playing for last year's top
five Premiership teams was £l4,770, compared to £4,l20 which were the
average weekly 10) ……..…….. of their col eagues in Division l.
(0) CRY (1) DENY (2) SUIT (3) EVENT
(4) CONCEPT (5) SNOB (6) MERE (7) STRONG
(8) CRITIC (9) COMPETE (10) EARN
The Importance of Centre Representatives
‘To the customer, your call-centre representatives are the company. They are
the only 0) employees your customers have contact with,’ says Richard
Gerson, primary 1) …………….. at Gerson Goodson, Inc. "Yet call-centre reps
are 2) …………… the most underpaid, undertrained, overworked employees
in a company.’ To manage the increasing service 3) …………….… of fickle
buyers, call-centre reps require training far beyond product 4) ……………. and
basic phone skills. In addition, much care should be given to hiring the right
kind of cal - ;centre rep in the first place. To avoid employing people who are
5) ………………. for the job, you should audition potential reps during the
hiring process to see them in action. One personal quality to look out for is 6)
…………….. to sedentary work; not everyone is capable of sitting at a desk for
eight hours straight interacting pleasantly with customers. 7) …………… pre-
hire screening also 8) ……….. that candidates understand the nature of the
job they are agreeing to - before official hiring takes place. Once candidates
have been chosen, the calibre of new-hire training determines heir success.
This should cover not only communication skil s and cal -centre technology,
but also customer psychology. They must learn how to recognise and 9)
…………. high-stress situations and to build trust. ‘Every service call is an
emotional situation. When reps treat the customers as if they are just a 10)
………………. To be completed in a completed in a certain amount of time,
satisfaction decreases, loyalty suffers, and repurchase behaviour declines.’
(0) EMPLOY (1) CONSULT (2) TYPICAL (3) EXPECT
(4) KNOW (5) SUIT (6) ADAPT (7) EXTEND
(8) SURE (9) FUSE (10) TRANSACT Tube Inspired a Book
For many people, the London Underground is a grim (0) NECESSITY that gets them
from A to B. But for (16) …………………. author Preethi Nair, it is a source of inspiration.
She has just published her first novel, Gypsy Masala - a tale she dreamt up whilst
commuting on the Metropolitan Line. 'Have you observed people on the tube?' she asks
(17) ………………… . 'Everyone is in their own little world. I just used to sit there and
imagine what kind of lives they led.' Gypsy Masala charts the adventures and (18)
…………………… thoughts of three members of an Indian family living in London, as
they search for happiness. 'It is a story about following your dreams,' says Preethi, who
gave up her high-pressure job as a management (19) …………………. in order to go in
(20) ……………….. of her ambition of becoming a writer. 'It was a big risk but it was
definitely the right decision in terms of peace of mind and (21) …………………. ," she
explains. Preethi was born in a small village in the Indian state of Kerala and moved to
London with her parents at the age of three. She says the striking contrast in cultures
made a (22) ……………… impression and is reflected in her story, which flits between
the suburbs of London and (23) …………… India. Many of the scenes in the book are
based on the place where she was born and spent long summer holidays. 'It is a tiny
village that is lost in time. There is still no (24) …………………. water and it is quite
difficult to get to. It is completely (25) ……………………… , and so beautiful,' she says. (0) NECESSARY (16) BUD (17) ENTHUSE (18) INNER (19) CONSULT (20) PURSUE (21) CONTENT (22) LAST (23) FAR (24) RUN (25) TOUCH King of the Watchmakers
For a period of its history, the city of Coventry had a (0) CONSIDERABLE reputation as
the main centre of clock and watchmaking in Britain, and Coventry timepieces made
then were (16) ……………… with both quality and (17) ………………. . Few people in
the city today will have heard of Samuel Watson, but he almost (18) ……………… paved
the way for Coventry's involvement in the clock and watch business. He was at the (19)
………………….. of the watchmaking revolution in the 1680s, and although it is not
known how Watson became involved in the trade, he was a trailblazer for others. Watson
made his name in 1682 when he sold a clock to King Charles II and was invited to be the
King's (20) ……………… . The fol owing year he began work on an astronomical clock
for the King, complete with planets and signs of the zodiac, which took seven years to
build. It not only told the time of day but also the (21) ……………. changes of the
planets. Queen Mary acquired it in 1691 and it is still in the (22) ………………. of the
Royal Family. He built several other clocks, and by 1690 the clamour for Watson's clocks
was such that he left Coventry and took up (23) ………………. in London. He became
Master of the London Clockmakers' Company in 1692, which is testament to his (24)
………………….. in the growing industry. In 1712, Samuel Watson's name disappears
from the records of the London Clockmakers' Company, and the (25) …………………. is that he died that year. (0) CONSIDER (16) SYNONYM (17) RELY (18) HAND (19) FRONT (20) MATHEMATICS (21) POSITION (22) OWN (23) RESIDE (24) STAND (25) LIKELY Captain Webb
Captain Matthew Webb is fortunate in being remembered as the first man to swim the
English Channel, rather than the one who later tried, and failed, to plunge through the
Niagara Falls. If ever a man possessed self-confidence, it was Webb; but it was his
stubborn (0) REFUSAL to give up that eventual y proved his (16) ………………… .
Unwilling to recognize the Channel crossing as the peak of his career, he went on and
on, addicted to glory, literal y swimming himself to death. Webb astonished the British
nation on August 25th, 1875, with a Channel crossing that took a mammoth 21 hours
and 45 minutes. He had entered the sea a merchant-ship captain living in (17)
…………… , but he emerged in France, stung by jellyfish and half-dead with (18)
……………. , a national hero. He was feted, mobbed and cheered wherever he went; his
appearance in the City of London brought business to a (19) ……………… . Alarmed by
the sudden attention, the normal y (20) Webb fled to his native Shropshire. But all this
(21) ……………….. was too much for him, and he made the fatal error of many a pop
star in later years. Craving (22) ………………. , he very nearly dissolved himself in a
series of marathon swims for money, including a six-day (23) ………………. contest.
Then he sailed for America, where he had a (24) ……………. schedule of long swims. It
was America that lured Webb to the final act in his tragedy; his crazed attempt to swim
the Niagara River beneath the Fal s in June 1883. (25) ……………. of all advice, he
dived in from a boat and subsided forever into the boiling rapids. (0) REFUSE (16) UNDO (17) OBSCURE (18) EXHAUST (19) STAND (20) FEAR (21) STAR (22) APPLAUD (23) ENDURE (24) PUNISH (25) REGARD The Word ‘Bogus’
For years 'bogus' was a word the British read in newspaper (0) HEADLINES but tended
not to say. Its popularity among the teenagers of America changed that, although they
didn't use it with its original meaning. It came from the Wild West. Its first appearance in
print, in 1827, was in the Telegraph of Painesville, Ohio, where it meant a machine for
making (16) ………………….. of coins. Soon, those 'boguses' were turning out 'bogus
money' and the word had (17) ………………….. a change from noun to adjective. By the
end of the 19th century, it was well-established in Britain, applied to anything false,
spurious or intentional y (18) ……………….. . But the computer scientists of 1960s
America, to whom we owe so much (19) ……………… innovation, redefined it to mean
'non-functional', 'useless', or 'unbelievable', especially in relation to calculations and
engineering ideas. This was fol owed by its (20) ……………… among Princeton and Yale
graduates in the East Coast computer community. But it was the (21) …………….. of the
word by American teenagers generally, who used it to mean simply 'bad', that led to it
being widely used by their counterparts in Britain. (22) …………… , 'bogus' is one of only
about 1,300 English words for which no sensible origin has emerged. The 1827 'bogus'
machine seems to have been named by an (23) ………………. present at the time of its
capture by police. But why that word? The Oxford English Dictionary suggests a
connection with a New England word, 'tantrobogus', meaning the devil. A rival US
account sees it as a (24) ……………. of the name of a forger, cal ed Borghese or
Borges. (25) ………………… , it has been connected with the French word 'bagasse',
meaning the refuse from sugar-cane production. (0) LINE (16) FORGE (17) GO (18) LEAD (19) LANGUAGE (20) EMERGE (21) ADOPT (22) INTEREST (23) LOOK (24) CORRUPT (25) ELSE DERIVATIVES
How many ............................... did you say there were in the marathon? PARTICIPATE
The young dancers have made amazing progress considering
how ............................. they were at the beginning of the year. CO-ORDINATION
She is becoming a bit ............................. about losing weight, isn’t she? OBSESSION
The idea of ‘test-tube babies’ is not quite as ................................. as it was two decades ago. CONTROVERSY
He does not like big cars because they are so ............................. when it comes to burning fuels. EFFICIENCY
A cure for AIDS continues to ............................ researchers. ELUSIVE
The morality of genetic engineering is highly ............................. . DEBATE
Women who are having difficulties in .......................... a child should consult a specialist. CONCEPTION
She could not help feeling ............................ when her husband said he wanted a divorce. RESENT
Declining profits may ....................... a cut in staff. NECESSARY
The club is known for its ................................ membership. Only the city’s
most successful businessmen are invited to join. EXCLUSION
The army was called in to put down a minor ............................. . REBEL
Their research has resulted in some ................................... new findings. REVOLUTIONIZE
The managing director is meeting with a .......................................... client. PROSPECT
The writer has achieved ................................... for his long string of best- selling spy novels. PROMINENT
The ................................. of his mistake was just beginning to dawn on him. ENORMOUS
The policeman’s ....................................... have turned out to be absolutely correct. DEDUCE
Their relationship has been a bit .............................. lately. TENSION
Your ideas never make any sense. I am amazed at how ................................ you mind works! RATIONAL
Why are you so .................................. today? FIDGET
The factory was fined for not being in ........................... with clean-air regulations. COMPLY
The .................................. of slavery was a great moment in the history of the USA ABOLISH
The lawyer is a specialist in protecting the rights of .................................. . CONSUMPTION
I wonder what ................................. the children are brewing now. MISCHIEVOUS
You’ll work more efficiently if you ................................ your work load. PRIORITY
You’ll need to get ................................. from the manager to do that. AUTHORITY
The .................................... in a tropical rain forest is extremely high. HUMID
The people celebrated in the streets after the .............................. of the cruel dictator. DEPOSE
The reporters gathered in front of the Parliament to wait for the
official ............................. . PRONOUNCE
The politician had an annoying habit of making ........................... statements. CONTRADICTION
He was put in prison for tax .......................... . EVADE
He has achieved ................................ for his evil misdeeds. NOTORIOUS
The child is very .................................... , is she? INQUISITION
The inexperienced doctor has grossly ................................... the patient’s condition. DIAGNOSIS
Scientists are hoping to develop a ................................ against AIDS. VACCINATION
The director has asked that we ........................................ delivery. EXPEDITION
His ....................................... of the Prime Minister was a bit strong in my opinion. DENOUNCE
He has an excellent ........................................ understanding of the material. CONCEPT
She has a bad habit of being .................................... with her friends. MANIPULATE
We descended the steps to a ......................................... underground chamber. CAVERN
Selling government secrets to a foreign power is an act
of ................................. . TREACHEROUS
The two ............................. politicians had another shouting match today. RIVALRY
The ................................ under his eyes is caused by an allergy. PUFFY
He has been a regular blood .................................. for several years now. DONATE
Smoking is no longer .......................... in advertisements as it was in our parents’ day. GLAMOROUS
The .................................. of her personality detracted from her striking good looks. SUPERFICIAL
I can’t understand how some people spend hours ....................................... in front of the TV set. VEGETATION
I’m afraid that your proposal is ............................. as we don’t have enough funds in the budget. FEASIBILITY
She refused to go out with him as he found him a most .............................. character. SAVOUR
There was a disturbing note of ....................................... in her voice. RESIGNED
We try to avoid buying food with .................................. and other chemical additives. PRESERVED
The tourists amazed at the ............................. of the palace. OPULENTLY
Before getting a law degree, you must complete a six-
month .............................. in a law office. APPRENTICED
We live in a greedy, .................................. society. ACQUISITION
When the company went bankrupt, she was given a
generous ............................ payment. SEVER
The antique escritoire is an ................................ that has been in their family for over a century. HEIR
The troops were extremely ................................. after their heavy losses in the battle. MORALE
The unruly boy had a .............................. influence on the class. DISRUPTION
That new wonder drug is said to have .................................. power. REGENERATION
The knight was banished from the kingdom for his ................................... ways. NOBLE
She is one of the most ............................. individuals I’ve ever met. OBDURACY
He is an expert on .................................... birds. MIGRATION
That was an absolutely .................................... thing to do. DESPISE
He is a very ........................................... person. RECLUSE
That banker is one of Britain’s leading ....................................... . FINANCE
The company had no choice but to declare .................................... . BANKRUPT
He was dismissed for .................................... of duty. DERELICT
The ....................................... of the family’s home is appalling. SQUALID
He is a very ........................... character who can’t hold down a job for more than a few months. STABILITY
There is a major ..................................... in your thinking. FALLACIOUS
I’m having trouble ....................................... what you’re saying. CONCEPTUAL
A person who can neither read nor write is .................................... . LITERACY
The ........................................ of our new marketing strategy will begin immediately. IMPLEMENT
The police checked the unidentified body for ........................... characteristics such as scars or birthmarks. DISTINGUISH
This area of the city is ................................ Hispanic. DOMINATION
The boss was a rather cold and ....................................... person. ACCESS
The writer refused to part with his .................................... portable typewriter. ANTIQUITY
Tabloid newspapers tend to ........................... the news. SENSATIONAL
He is suffering from a vitamin ....................................... . DEFICIENT
The .............................. played a major role in the Russian Revolution. PEASANT
Overexposure to radioactivity can play havoc with one’s ................................. system. REPRODUCTION
Is it my imagination or are you trying to ................................. an argument? PROVOCATION
He is ....................................... one of the best chess players in the world. DISPUTE
What form of ................................... did you use to get him to agree? CAJOLE
Who did you say was going to .............................. the exam? VIGILANCE
The speaker’s .............................. detracted from the impact of the speech. EXPANSE
He is, unfortunately, one of the most ................................ students I’ve ever met. MOTIVATION
His misadventures as a heart-breaking Don Juan are ................................... . LEGEND
Marriage tends to have a .................................. influence on most men. DOMESTIC
She can’t tolerate people with ................................. complexes. SUPERIOR
Children are innately free and ........................................... . INHIBITION
Police suspected him because of the .................................. in his story. CONSISTENT
He is extremely clever and ....................................... . RESOURCES
The ............................ of the American frontier is a fascinating story. CONQUER
The ............................. attraction of crack has destroyed many lives in the ghetto. SEDUCE
We’d love to come for the weekend, if it’s no ................................. . IMPOSE
The couple decided to divorce because of their ........................................ . COMPATIBLE
The company is .......................................... in London. HEADQUARTERS
His progress was .......................................... this year due to a long illness. IMPEDIMENT
I would never ................................. you a favour. GRUDGINGLY
He delivered the speech with an air of .................................... . POMPOUSLY
If you can .............................. your claim, you will win the law suit. SUBSTANTIAL
Fortunately, the disease seems to be in ........................................... . UNREMITTING
His ................................. was insufferable at times. STUFFY
The factory was fined for not being in ................................ with the law. COMPLY
The stock a wide range of quality ......................................... . MERCHANT
The ....................................... have stepped up their efforts to influence the MPs. LOBBY
Residents are urged to limit their water ................................... this summer. CONSUME
His pompous attitude is frankly ..................................... at times. BEAR
The museum recently mounted a wonderful .................................. exhibition
covering the entire span of the artist’s career. RETROSPECT
The child was ....................................... for affection. STARVATION
Always expect the unexpected from a .......................................... . CONFORM
He was a thinker of towering ........................................ . INTELLECTUAL
........................................ will begin one hour before departure. EMBARK
The child was severely ............................ by the bitter divorce proceedings. TRAUMA
Anyone wishing to go on the .............................. tour should sign up today. OPT
The ................................... surprised the defence attorney as much as the defendant. ACQUIT
The child struggled to learn his ........................................ tables. MULTIPLY
The director’s .................................. was totally uncalled for. HEAVY-HANDED
I’m telling you this in strictest ........................................... . CONFIDENTIALLY
His ............................................ was overwhelming at times. NAIVE
He is a ......................................... art historian. CELEBRITY
Her dream car was a BMW 525 ........................................... . CONVERT
The odds were ....................................... against his winning the election. OVERWHELM
Your persistent ..................................... is a highly unbecoming quality. INTRUDE
........................................ is the essence of jazz. IMPROVISE
There was something vaguely .................................. about the way they were talking in the corner. CONSPIRACY
We were amazed at the ..................................... of the palace. IMMENSE
We never expected someone of such great prominence to be
so ........................... . IMPOSE
She was, ..................................... , the best student the school had ever had. DUBIOUS
The union called a meeting with the management of the company to present
their .............................. . AGGRIEVED
When the strike could not be settled through normal negotiations, the court
appointed a neutral party to ................................ the labour dispute. ARBITRARY
Thousands of ................................ have crossed over the border to safety. REFUGE
We’ll begin ....................................... of the plan immediately. IMPLEMENT
Rain, snow and fog are forms of .............................................. . PRECIPITATE
Your questions are becoming rather personal and .................................... . INTRUDE
If you don’t learn how to ................................. your work load, you will never
keep up with the tight deadlines here. PRIORITY
He loved her for her ........................................ . SPONTANEOUS
The ........................................ was clear: if her work did not improve, she would be dismissed. IMPLICIT
The ......................................... in their relationship had reached a point where divorce was inevitable. ACRIMONIOUS
The boss has asked us to ....................................... the big export order. EXPEDITIOUS
The school was forced to take ............................... action against the student vandals. DISCIPLINE
The boss and his secretary have been rather ............................ about their
relationship, don’t you think? DISCRETION
The process of .................................. plays a major role in making bread and wine. FERMENT
His poor performance on the last test has seriously ................................ his ego. INFLATION
It was clear from his leathery, .................................... skin that he was either a fisherman or a farmer. WEATHER
The government is in the midst of a major ................................. crisis. BUDGET
From what I hear, he is a very fair, .................................. judge. BIAS
Although unemployed, he did his best to ................................... for his children. PROVISIONS
It’s ..........................when people won’t believe things that are obviously true. FURIOUS
I’m ..............…………........ about whether she’ll come or not. DOUBT
Don’t ask me why it happened - I’m as ....………….................. as you are. MYSTIFY
This document is .....………...................... . ; it’s impossible to read. COMPREHEND
I find your behaviour totally ............................ . EXPLAIN
He’s ..............………....... of the way he behaved last night - he ruined the evening. SHAME
I used to find being on my own at night really .......................... . FRIGHT
They are ………..................... to go out because they live in such a violent are. PETRIFY
Her disappearance is rather ....................………..... . PUZZLE
They hardly ever argue - I think they’re both very ............………...... of each other’s fault. TOLERATE DERIVATIVES
How many ...PARTICIPANTS... did you say there were in the marathon? PARTICIPATE
The young dancers have made amazing progress considering how
....UNCOORDINATED... they were at the beginning of the year. CO-ORDINATION
She is becoming a bit ...OBSESSED... about losing weight, isn’t she? OBSESSION
The idea of ‘test-tube babies’ is not quite as ...CONTROVERSIAL... as it was two decades ago. CONTROVERSY
He does not like big cars because they are so ...INEFFICIENT... when it comes to burning fuels. EFFICIENCY
A cure for AIDS continues to ...ELUDE... researchers. ELUSIVE
The morality of genetic engineering is highly ....DEBATABLE... . DEBATE
Women who are having difficulties in ....CONCEIVING... a child should consult a specialist. CONCEPTION
She could not help feeling ...RESENTFUL... when her husband said he wanted a divorce. RESENT
Declining profits may ...NECESSITATE... a cut in staff. NECESSARY
The club is known for its ...EXCLUSIVE... membership. Only the city’s most
successful businessmen are invited to join. EXCLUSION
The army was called in to put down a minor ...REBELLION... . REBEL
Their research has resulted in some ...REVOLUTION ALLY... new findings. REVOLUTIONIZE
The managing director is meeting with a ...PROSPECTIVE... client. PROSPECT
The writer has achieved ...PROMINENCE... for his long string of best-selling spy novels. PROMINENT
The ..ENORMITY... of his mistake was just beginning to dawn on him. ENORMOUS
The policeman’s ....DEDUCTIONS... have turned out to be absolutely correct. DEDUCE
Their relationship has been a bit ...TENSE... lately. TENSION
Your ideas never make any sense. I am amazed at how ....IRRATIONALLY... your mind works! RATIONAL
Why are you so ....FIDGETY... today? FIDGET
The factory was fined for not being in ....COMPLIANCE.... with clean-air regulations. COMPLY
The ...ABOLITION... of slavery was a great moment in the history of the USA ABOLISH
The lawyer is a specialist in protecting the rights of ....CONSUMERS... . CONSUMPTION
I wonder what ...MISCHIEF... the children are brewing now. MISCHIEVOUS
You’ll work more efficiently if you ...PRIORITISE... your work load. PRIORITY
You’ll need to get ...AUTHORISATION... from the manager to do that. AUTHORITY
The ...HUMIDITY... in a tropical rain forest is extremely high. HUMID
The people celebrated in the streets after the ...DEPOSITION... of the cruel dictator. DEPOSE
The reporters gathered in front of the Parliament to wait for the official ...PRONOUNCEMENT... . PRONOUNCE
The politician had an annoying habit of making ...CONTRADICTORY... statements. CONTRADICTION
He was put in prison for tax ...EVASION... . EVADE
He has achieved ...NOTORIETY... for his evil misdeeds. NOTORIOUS
The child is very .................................... , is she? INQUISITION
The inexperienced doctor has grossly ...MISDIAGNOSED... the patient’s condition. DIAGNOSIS
Scientists are hoping to develop a ....VACCINE... against AIDS. VACCINATION
The director has asked that we ....EXPEDITE... delivery. EXPEDITION
His ...DENUNCIATION... of the Prime Minister was a bit strong in my opinion. DENOUNCE
He has an excellent ....CONCEPTION... understanding of the material. CONCEPT
She has a bad habit of being ...MANIPULATIVE... with her friends. MANIPULATE
We descended the steps to a ...CAVERNOUS... underground chamber. CAVERN
Selling government secrets to a foreign power is an act of ...TREACHERY... . TREACHEROUS
The two ...RIVAL... politicians had another shouting match today. RIVALRY
The ...PUFFINESS... under his eyes is caused by an allergy. PUFFY
He has been a regular blood ...DONOR... for several years now. DONATE
Smoking is no longer ...GLAMORISED... in advertisements as it was in our parents’ day. GLAMOROUS
The ...SUPERFICIALITY... of her personality detracted from her striking good looks. SUPERFICIAL
I can’t understand how some people spend hours ...VEGETATING.... in front of the TV set. VEGETATION
I’m afraid that your proposal is ...INFEASIBLE... as we don’t have enough funds in the budget. FEASIBILITY
She refused to go out with him as he found him a most ...UNSAVOURY... character. SAVOUR
There was a disturbing note of ...RESIGNATION... in her voice. RESIGNED
We try to avoid buying food with ...PRESERVATIVES... and other chemical additives. PRESERVED
The tourists amazed at the ...OPULENCE... of the palace. OPULENTLY
Before getting a law degree, you must complete a six-month
...APPRENTICESHIP... in a law office. APPRENTICED
We live in a greedy, ....ACQUISITIVE... society. ACQUISITION
When the company went bankrupt, she was given a generous ...SEVERANCE... payment. SEVER
The antique escritoire is an ....HEIRLOOM... that has been in their family for over a century. HEIR
The troops were extremely ....DEMORALISED... after their heavy losses in the battle. MORALE
The unruly boy had a ...DISRUPTIVE... influence on the class. DISRUPTION
That new wonder drug is said to have ...DEGENERATIVE... power. REGENERATION
The knight was banished from the kingdom for his .……………………... ways. NOBLE
She is one of the most ...OBDURATE... individuals I’ve ever met. OBDURACY
He is an expert on .....MIGRATORY... birds. MIGRATION
That was an absolutely ...DESPICABLE... thing to do. DESPISE
He is a very ...RECLUSIVE... person. RECLUSE
That banker is one of Britain’s leading ....FINANCIER... . FINANCE
The company had no choice but to declare ...BANKRUPTCY... . BANKRUPT
He was dismissed for ....DERELICTION... of duty. DERELICT
The ...SQUALOR... of the family’s home is appalling. SQUALID
He is a very ...UNSTABLE... character who can’t hold down a job for more than a few months. STABILITY
There is a major ...FALLACY... in your thinking. FALLACIOUS
I’m having trouble ...CONCEPTUALISING... what you’re saying. CONCEPTUAL
A person who can neither read nor write is ....ILLITERATE... . LITERACY
The ...IMPLEMENTATION.... of our new marketing strategy will begin immediately. IMPLEMENT
The police checked the unidentified body for ...DISTINCTIVE... characteristics such as scars or birthmarks. DISTINGUISH
This area of the city is ....DOMINANTLY... Hispanic. DOMINATION
The boss was a rather cold and ..INACCESSIBLE... person. ACCESS
The writer refused to part with his ....ANTIQUATED... portable typewriter. ANTIQUITY
Tabloid newspapers tend to ...SENSATIONALISE... the news. SENSATIONAL
He is suffering from a vitamin ....DEFICIENCY... . DEFICIENT
The ...PEASANTRY... played a major role in the Russian Revolution. PEASANT
Overexposure to radioactivity can play havoc with one’s ...REPRODUCTIVE... system. REPRODUCTION
Is it my imagination or are you trying to ....PROVOKE... an argument? PROVOCATION
He is ...INDISPUTABLY... one of the best chess players in the world. DISPUTE
What form of ...CAJOLERY... did you use to get him to agree? CAJOLE
Who did you say was going to ...INVIGILATE... the exam? VIGILANCE
The speaker’s ....EXPANSIVENESS... detracted from the impact of the speech. EXPANSE
He is, unfortunately, one of the most ..UNMOTIVATED... students I’ve ever met. MOTIVATION
His misadventures as a heart-breaking Don Juan are ..LEGENDARY... . LEGEND
Marriage tends to have a ...DOMESTICATING.... influence on most men. DOMESTIC
She can’t tolerate people with ...SUPERIORITY... complexes. SUPERIOR
Children are innately free and ...UNINHIBITED... . INHIBITION
Police suspected him because of the ...INCONSISTENCIES... in his story. CONSISTENT
He is extremely clever and ....RESOURCEFUL... . RESOURCES
The ...CONQUEST... of the American frontier is a fascinating story. CONQUER
The ...SEDUCTIVE... attraction of crack has destroyed many lives in the ghetto. SEDUCE
We’d love to come for the weekend, if it’s no ...IMPOSITION... . IMPOSE
The couple decided to divorce because of their ...INCOMPATIBILITY... . COMPATIBLE
The company is ..HEADQUARTERED... in London. HEADQUARTERS
His progress was ...IMPEDED... this year due to a long illness. IMPEDIMENT
I would never ...GRUDGE... you a favour. GRUDGINGLY
He delivered the speech with an air of ....POMPOSITY... . POMPOUSLY
If you can ...SUBSTANTIATE... your claim, you will win the law suit. SUBSTANTIAL
Fortunately, the disease seems to be in ........................................... . UNREMITTING
His ................................. was insufferable at times. STUFFY
The factory was fined for not being in ...COMPLIANCE... with the law. COMPLY
The stock a wide range of quality ...MERCHANDISE... . MERCHANT
The ...LOBBYISTS... have stepped up their efforts to influence the MPs. LOBBY
Residents are urged to limit their water ....CONSUMPTION... this summer. CONSUME
His pompous attitude is frankly ...UNBEARABLE... at times. BEAR
The museum recently mounted a wonderful ...RETROSPECTIVE... exhibition
covering the entire span of the artist’s career. RETROSPECT
The child was ...STARVING... for affection. STARVATION
Always expect the unexpected from a ....NON-CONFORMIST... . CONFORM
He was a thinker of towering ....INTELLECTUALITY... . INTELLECTUAL
...DISEMBARKATION... will begin one hour before departure. EMBARK
The child was severely ..TRAUMATISED... by the bitter divorce proceedings. TRAUMA
Anyone wishing to go on the ...OPTIONAL... tour should sign up today. OPT
The ...ACQUITTAL... surprised the defence attorney as much as the defendant. ACQUIT
The child struggled to learn his ....MULTIPLICATION... tables. MULTIPLY
The director’s ...HEAVY-HANDEDNESS... was totally uncalled for. HEAVY-HANDED
I’m telling you this in strictest ...CONFIDENCE.. . CONFIDENTIALLY
His ...NAIVETY... was overwhelming at times. NAIVE
He is a ...CELEBRATED... art historian. CELEBRITY
Her dream car was a BMW 525 ...CONVERTIBLE... . CONVERT
The odds were ...OVERWHELMINGLY... against his winning the election. OVERWHELM
Your persistent ...INTRUSION... is a highly unbecoming quality. INTRUDE
....IMPROVISATION... is the essence of jazz. IMPROVISE
There was something vaguely ...CONSPIRATORIAL... about the way they were talking in the corner. CONSPIRACY
We were amazed at the ...IMMENSITY... of the palace. IMMENSE
We never expected someone of such great prominence to be so ...IMPOSING... . IMPOSE
She was, ...DUBIOUSLY... , the best student the school had ever had. DUBIOUS
The union called a meeting with the management of the company to present their ....GRIEVANCES.... . AGGRIEVED
When the strike could not be settled through normal negotiations, the court
appointed a neutral party to ...ARBITRATE... the labour dispute. ARBITRARY
Thousands of ...REFUGEES... have crossed over the border to safety. REFUGE
We’ll begin ...IMPLEMENTATION... of the plan immediately. IMPLEMENT
Rain, snow and fog are forms of ....PRECIPITATION... . PRECIPITATE
Your questions are becoming rather personal and ....INTRUSIVE... . INTRUDE
If you don’t learn how to .....PRIORITISE... your work load, you will never keep
up with the tight deadlines here. PRIORITY
He loved her for her ....SPONTANEITY... . SPONTANEOUS
The ...IMPLICATION... was clear: if her work did not improve, she would be dismissed. IMPLICIT
The ....ACRIMONY... in their relationship had reached a point where divorce was inevitable. ACRIMONIOUS
The boss has asked us to ...EXPEDITE... the big export order. EXPEDITIOUS
The school was forced to take ...DISCIPLINARY... action against the student vandals. DISCIPLINE
The boss and his secretary have been rather ...INDISCREET... about their
relationship, don’t you think? DISCRETION
The process of ....FERMENTATION... plays a major role in making bread and wine. FERMENT
His poor performance on the last test has seriously ....INFLATED... his ego. INFLATION
It was clear from his leathery, ....WEATHER-BEATEN... skin that he was either a fisherman or a farmer. WEATHER
The government is in the midst of a major ...BUDGETARY... crisis. BUDGET
From what I hear, he is a very fair, ...UNBIASED... judge. BIAS
Although unemployed, he did his best to ....PROVIDE... for his children. PROVISIONS
It’s ...INFURIATING... when people won’t believe things that are obviously true. FURIOUS
I’m ....DUBIOUS/DOUBTFUL... about whether she’ll come or not. DOUBT
Don’t ask me why it happened - I’m as ....MYSTIFIED... as you are. MYSTIFY
This document is ....INCOMPREHENSIBLE... ; it’s impossible to read. COMPREHEND
I find your behaviour totally ....INEXPLICABLE... . EXPLAIN
He’s ...ASHAMED... of the way he behaved last night - he ruined the evening. SHAME
I used to find being on my own at night really ...FRIGHTENED... . FRIGHT
They are …PETRIFIED... to go out because they live in such a violent are. PETRIFY
Her disappearance is rather ...PUZZLING… . PUZZLE
They hardly ever argue - I think they’re both very ...INTOLERANT... of each other’s fault. TOLERATE
Document Outline
- Preparing for the Future
- A Trip Back in Time
- Battle to Save the Amazon
- A New Stamping Ground
- The Future of the Phone
- William Morris
- The Face
- Van Meegeren
- Hardy and the Critics
- American English
- Sultan Abdul Hamid II
- Thai Customs
- Mesmer
- Escher
- Homes For Workers
- Fox-Hunting
- Recreation
- William Morris
- The Birth of Sensationalism
- Sleeping at 35,000 Feet
- Give it to me Straight
- The Artist as a Businessman
- A Cycling Prodigy
- Mum Jailed as Son Run Riot
- Strikes in the ’60s
- Changing Attitude
- IBM – To Reconsider Sponsorship Deals
- Tube Inspired a Book
- King of the Watchmakers
- Captain Webb
- The Word ‘Bogus’
- DERIVATIVES
- DERIVATIVES
- IBM – To Reconsider Sponsorship Deals
- Sleeping at 35,000 Feet