Conditional Sentences - English Practice | Trường Đại học Vinh
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CONDITIONAL SENTENCES - CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
Câu điều kiện gồm có 2 mệnh đề: mệnh đề if (if-clause) chi điều kiện và mệnh
đề chínhn (main clause) chỉ kết quả.
Có 4 loại câu điều kiện:
I. Điều kiện có thật – ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 0 và 1 (real condition): diễn tả 1
sựu thật hiển nhiên, tình huống có thể xảy ra trong hiện tại hoặc tương lai. If clause Main clause
Present tenses (present simple,
Will + verb (bare-inf) ( 1 )
progressive, or perfect) Present simple (0) Điều kiện loại 0:
If + present tenses ( simple), S + V(s,es)+ O = S + V(s,es) + O + if + present tenses Điều kiện loại 1:
If + present tenses, S + will + V ( nguyên thể) +O
= S + will + V (nguyên thể) + O + if + present tenses.
Ex: If Dennis has enough money, he will go to Paris.
Dennis will go to Paris if he has enough money.
- Thì hiện tại đơn (Present simple) thường được dùng trong mệnh đề
chính để diễn đạt 1 sự thật hiển nhiên, 1 quy luật hoặc 1 thói quen. Ex: If you heat ice, it melts.
- Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn được dùng để diễn đạt sự tiếp diễn của hành động
và thì hiện tại hoàn thành đươc dùng để diễn đạt sự hoàn tất.
Ex: If the baby is sleeping, don't make noise.
If she has studied hard, she will pass the test.
- Can, may, might, should, ought to, have to, must, be going to,... cũng có
thể được dùng trong mệnh đề chính.
Ex: If it rains tomorrow, I must stay home.
II. Điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại – ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 2 (unreal
condition in the present): tình huống tưởng tượng; hành động không có thật
hoặc không thêxảy ra trong hiện tại hoặc tương lai. If clause Main clause Past simple
Would/ should/ could/ might + verb (bare-inf)
If + S + V(ed/V2) + O, S + would…..+V (nguyên thể)
= S + would… + V ( nguyên thể) + if + S + V(ed/V2) + O * Động từ TOBE WERE
ở mệnh đề if sẽ luôn là với mọi chủ ngữ
Ex: If they had enough money, they would buy a bigger house. (but they don't have much money)
If I were you, I wouldn't take that job.
II. Điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ - ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 3 (unreal
condition in the past): sự việc không có thật trong quá khứ; hành động chưa
bao giờ xảy ra trong quá khứ. If clause Main clause Past perfect
Would/ should/ could/ might + have + V3 (had + V3)
If + S + had + V3+ O, S + would…..+ have + V3
= S + would….+ have + V3 + if + S + had + V3 + O
Ex: If I had seen you, I would have said hello. (but I didn't see you)
If the weather hadn't been so bad, we could have gone out. (but the weather was very bad).
III. Những cách khác để diễn đạt điều kiện
1. Unless = if ... not (nếu ... không)
Ex: I will take the job unless the pay is too low.
(=I will take the job if the pay isn't too low.)
2. Without/ But for + noun (nếu...không; nếu không có)
Ex: Without/ But for your help, I would not overcome the trouble.
[=If you did not help me, I would not overcome the trouble.]
3. Should/Were/ Had + subject + verb
Ex: Should you change your mind, phone me. [= If you should change..]
Were you in my position, what would you do? [= If you were...]
Had I not gone to the party last night, I wouldn't be tired now. [= If I hadn't gone to the party..]
4. Imagine (that), suppose/supposing (that), provided/providing (that), as/ so
long as, on condition (that), or/ otherwise, only if, in case,...
Ex: You can borrow my bike provided (that) you ride it carefully. BÀI TẬP
Exercise 1: Chọn đáp án đúng.
1. If they had gone for a walk, they ……………………. the lights off. A. had turned B. would have turn C. would turn D. would have turned
2. Would you mind if I ……………………. the window? A. closed B. closing C. had closed D. would close
3. If you had tried your best, you ……………………. disappointed about the result now. A. won’t be B. wouldn’t be C. wouldn’t have D. wouldn’t have been
4. If I had enough money, …………………….. A. I will buy that house.
B. I’d have bought that house. C. I could buy that house. D. I can buy that house.
5. I didn’t listen to him and I didn’t succeed.
A. If I listened to him, I would have succeeded.
B. If I had listened to him, I’d have succeeded.
C. If I had listened to him, I would succeed.
D. If I listened to him, I would succeed.
Exercise 2. Chọn đáp án đúng.
1. ……………………., he would not have had the accident yesterday.
A. If Peter driven more carefully
B. If had Peter driven more carefully
C. Had Peter driven more carefully
D. If Peter not had driven more carefully
2. ……………………. I rich, I would help you. A. Were B. Was C. Am D. Been
3.……………………. you run into Peter, tell him to call me. A. Are B. Should C. Been D. Will
4. Had I known her, I……………………. friend with her. A. make B. would make C. will make D. would have made
5. Were I……………………. learn Russian, I would read a Russian book. A. to B. for C. in D. with
Exercise 3: Tìm lỗi sai và sửa.
1. If there was a ban on cigarette, less people would smoke cigarette.
→…………………………………………………………………………………..
2. If the tax rate on junk food had increased, people would likely to prefer making food at home.
→…………………………………………………………………………………..
3. If schools administered with any teachers, disorder would arise.
→…………………………………………………………………………………..
4. If uncensored commercials had been banned, the crime rate would be seized from rising.
→…………………………………………………………………………………..
5. If computers replaced teachers in the classroom, learning would have been less effective.
→…………………………………………………………………………………..
Exercise 4. Viết lại các câu sau sử dụng câu điều kiện.
1. I didn’t know that you were in the hospital yesterday, so I didn’t visit you.
→ If …………………….…………………….……………………………………
2. Hurry up or you will be late for school.
→ If …………………….…………………….……………………………………
3. My mother is very busy, so she can’t help me now.
→ If …………………….…………………….……………………………………
4. Lan didn’t call me because she didn’t know my phone number.
→ If …………………….…………………….……………………………………
5. You’re unhealthy because you don’t take exercise.
→ If …………………….…………………….……………………………………
6. He didn't study his lessons very carefully, so he gets bad marks now.
→ If …………………….…………………….……………………………………
7. Leon often causes accidents because he drives carelessly.
→ If …………………….…………………….……………………………………
8. I can’t apply for that job because I don’t know English.
→ If …………………….…………………….……………………………………
9. Lien is overweight because she eats too much chocolate.
→ If …………………….…………………….……………………………………
10. His father often punishes him for his laziness.
→ If …………………….…………………….……………………………………