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CPE gapped text practice test
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CPE GAPPED TEXT
1. Seven paragraphs have been removed from the extract. Choose from the paragraph A-H the one which
fits each gap (1-7). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use.
Whether or not open-plan offices, where employees have their own enclosed space, create a productive working
environment for employees has been the subject of much debate, but there is a strong argument that the benefits
of an open-plan working environment go beyond the purely financial. I once had the chance to visit New York’s
City Hall, during the period when Michael Bloomberg, the former trader-turned-financial-information-mogul - now
works as mayor. As I entered his empire, I experienced a small shock. (1)________
The man himself sat in a vast, airy, open-plan room, surrounded by officials and banks of giant data screens
(showing information on things such as traffic flows or public satisfaction with the police). Anybody holding a
meeting was encouraged to sit on a central, raised dais, rather than scuttle into a private hole; the idea, as one
employee explained, being to encourage a climate of transparency and collaboration. (2)________
Is the open-plan spirit associated with those environments appropriate to other work contexts? It is a fascinating
and important question. Many of us spend an inordinate amount of time in the office, and - as anthropologists,
architects and psychologists often note, the way we are physical y organized shapes how we work and think in a profound way. (3) ______
So it was that the quasi-cubicle system was born, but it was as much a reflection of natural human instincts as it
was dictated by the practicalities of the work itself. What gradual y emerged were ‘offices’ where so much paper
had to be dealt with that a tradition of piling it high around individual desks became the norm - a feeling of privacy
being the not unwelcome by-product. (4) ______
Consequently, ‘flat top’ desks proliferated, to permit oversight even though bosses continued to retreat to private
offices away from the staff whenever the opportunity arose. Then, in the 1960s, an industrial designer cal ed
Robert Propst hit on the ingenious idea of the cubicle office system, and it became fashionable to divide office
workers again, to preserve privacy. (5) ______
There's some evidence that removing physical barriers and bringing people closer to one another does promote
casual interactions. This was the conclusion in an utterly fascinating piece in the Harvard Business Review in
2011. This should be required reading for any bosses planning an office design. But there’s a roughly equal
amount of evidence that because open spaces reduce privacy, they don’t foster informal exchanges and may actually inhibit them. (6) ____
Moreover, to promote collaboration, office bosses must not only approve informal debate, but also promote shared
activities within a semi-private space. Congregating around photocopiers and coffee machines helps employees
bond and share creative ideas, whereas creating formal ‘lounges’ does not. Scandinavian Airlines is apparently a
wonderful case study for how to get things wrong. (7) ____
But, as someone who has worked in both a rabbit warren and an open-plan environment, I strongly favour the
latter, and wish that more governments would adopt the system. After all, anything that promotes greater
transparency and egalitananism seems a thoroughly good idea. Knocking down walls may seem like mere
symbolism; but, like al symbols, it can be a powerful place to start.
A. But in the past decade, that pendulum has swung back: most large companies have - like Bloomberg -
embraced the idea of open-plan space in the hope of promoting col aboration. In truth, corporate experiences of
this arrangement are very mixed, as two decades of research by management consultants shows.
B. During my career as a journalist, I have often walked through government buildings, and become accustomed
to seeing a rabbit warren. Across the western world, senior officials typically work from offices interconnected by
corridors, guarded by secretaries in ante-chambers. The building, though, was different.
C. How Bloomberg s open-plan design at City Hall stacks up, on these criteria, is tough to assess from the outside.
The employees whom I spoke to seemed pretty happy, but it may have been early days. Received wisdom
suggests that open-plan tends to become less attractive as people get older, and may not be equal y suited to al kinds of business.
D. In theory, in other words, anyone in the mayor’s office can see - and yel at - everyone else; much as they can
on a modem financial trading floor or at a newspaper. This, of course, is no accident given that Bloomberg spent
most of his career building the financial information giant that bears his name.
E. It was the changing nature of work itself and the emergence of mobile technology that led to that evolution.
Companies started experimenting with a mix of cubicles, open workstations, private offices and group
workstations. In some cases, these were not assigned to one particular individual, but were available to any
employee of the company on either a reservable or first-come, first-served basis.
F. The key issue, apparently, is whether employees feel any sense of control. People must feel confident that they
can converse without being interrupted or overheard and must also be able to avoid interacting when they want
to. Without that possibility, staff wil instead choose to conduct important business out of the office, or retreat into
private ‘cyber caves’, doing their work entirely online.
G. This trend towards separation intensified, as clerks started to surround their desks with more papers and
machines, and bosses expressed hierarchies by retreating to a superior enclave. But in the early 20th century, a
new idea spread in American companies: that top managers should watch their workers to keep productivity high.
H. Yet, generally, we barely even notice our surroundings. Except, that is, when somebody such as Bloomberg
tries to shake things up. But the idea of an ‘office’ let alone its layout - has not been constant. It first cropped up
in Roman times, when magistrates worked in temples and palaces. These typical y included a place for storing
scrolls, where the scribes actual y worked.
2. Seven paragraphs have been removed from the extract. Choose from the paragraph A-H the one which
fits each gap (1-7). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use.
Just as the spread of mobile phones in poor countries has transformed lives and boosted economic activity, solar
lighting is poised to improve incomes, educational attainment and health across the developing world. (1) __
The same was true of mobile phones which caught on quickly because they provided a substitute for travel and
poor infrastructure, helped traders find better prices and boosted entrepreneurship. For a fisherman or a farmer,
buying a mobile phone made sense because it paid for itself within a few months. (2) __
The potential savings are huge. According to a recent study by the International Finance Corporation, an arm of
the World Bank, $10 bil ion a year is spent on kerosene in sub-Saharan Africa alone to il uminate homes,
workplaces and community areas. Globally, the figure has been put at $36 billion. Flexiway, an Australian-
Argentine maker of solar lamps, found in its trials in Tanzania that households often spent more than 1 0% of their
income on kerosene, and other studies have put the figure as high as 25%. (3)
Take a look at some of the solar lamps now available in Africa, Asia and Latin America, and their advantages are
immediately apparent. Even the most basic solar lamps outperform kerosene lanterns. A typical device takes eight
to ten hours to charge, and then provides four or five hours of clear, white light from high-efficiency white LEDs.
The number of times solar lamps can be charged before their internal batteries wear out has improved enormously
in recent years, along with their ability to cope with dust, water and being dropped. (4)
‘The technology end of the solar business is there—now we have to think of the business model,' says Nick
Hughes, co-founder of M-KOPA, a start-up based in Kenya. He previously helped develop M-PESA, Kenya's
world-leading mobile-money transfer scheme, which is used by nearly 70% of the adult population and has
spawned imitators in many other countries. Mr Hughes now wants to apply the same thinking to lighting. (5) _____
As long as they keep making payments, the system provides free light and power, and eventual y they own it
outright. Using mobile money as a flexible payment mechanism means that relatives can chip in remotely and
allows farmers to vary the size of payments depending on their cash flow. (6)_______
Eightl 9, a start-up spun out of Cambridge University, has a similar model in which small payments, like those used
to buy kerosene, allow the purchase of a solar-lighting system to be spread out. Users of its IndiGo system pay
around $10 up front. They then buy scratch cards for as little as $1 each, and send the number on each card by
text message to a central server that responds with an access code that is tapped into the IndiGo unit and
provides a certain number of hours of lighting. (7)_______
But whichever proves more popular, one thing seems guaranteed: demand for cheap, efficient lighting is only
going to grow Even in the best-case scenarios, the number of people without electricity will tick up to 1.5 bil ion by
2030 as population growth outstrips electrification. The rate of innovation in delivery models, technology and
design, in both rich and poor countries, suggests a bright future for solar lamps—and a slow dimming of kerosene’s flame. A.
And the century-old technology does not merely eat up household income that could be spent on other
things. It is also dangerous due to the fire hazard. The wicks smoke, the glass cracks, and the light may be too
weak to read by, whilst climate-changing carbon-dioxide emissions are produced. B.
Again, each payment goes toward buying the system outright, and a typical family will have paid for it after
18 months of use. Even while paying off the loan with scratch cards, users pay half as much for each hour of
lighting as they did with kerosene. With both M-KOPA and Eightl 9 models, the lights go out if the payments stop,
providing an incentive to keep paying. C.
As previously happened with mobile phones, solar lighting is fal ing in price, improving in quality and
benefiting from new business models that make it more accessible and affordable to those at the bottom of the
pyramid. And its spread is sustainable because it is being driven by market forces, not charity. D.
The starting price of ten dollars or so, nevertheless, is stil too high for the poorest customers to pay, at least
up front. But as with mobile phones, prices continue to fal and novel business models are starting to provide new ways to spread the cost. E.
It also provides a mechanism for the government to provide subsidies for households with infants, or children
studying for exams. In addition, the base-station provides a payment record which could be used by banks as a
credit history when offering loans or mortgages. The first commercial units went on sale in June. F.
The importance of design should not be overlooked either. Just as mobile phones have become status
symbols, the same could happen with personal solar lamps. That will mean placing more emphasis on styling and
appealing to younger consumers, for whom a device capable of doubling as a torch and desk light would be particularly useful.
G. The system consists of a base-station with a solar panel, three lamps and a charging kit for phones—an entire
electrical system for a small house that would normal y cost around $200. Customers have to pay $30 up front and
then clear the balance in small instalments using their mobile phones.
H. The economic case for solar lighting is even clearer: buying a lamp that charges in the sun during the day, and
then produces light at night, can eliminate spending on the kerosene that fuels conventional lamps. Of the 1.4
billion people without access to grid electricity, most live in equatorial latitudes where the sun sets quickly and
there is only a brief period of twilight. But solar lamps work anywhere the sun shines, even in places that are off
the grid, or where grid power is expensive or unreliable.
3. Seven paragraphs have been removed from the extract. Choose from the paragraph A-H the one which
fits each gap (1-7). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to
HELP US GUIDE THROUGH THE UNIVERSE
Sir Martin Rees, Astronomer Royal, launches this year's Young Science Writer competition. If you ask scientists
what they’re doing, the answer won't be ‘Finding the origin of the universe', 'Seeking the cure
for cancer’ or suchlike. It wil involve something very specialized, a smal piece of jigsaw that builds up the big picture. (1) _____
So, unless they are cranks or geniuses, scientists don't shoot directly for a grand goal - they focus on bite-sized
that seem timely and tractable. But this strategy (though prudent) carries an occupational risk: they may forget
they're wearing blinkers and fail to see their own work in its proper perspective. (2) _____
I would personal y derive far less satisfaction from my research if it interested only a few other academics. But
presenting one’s work to non-specialists isn't easy. We scientists often do it badly, although the experience helps
us to see our work in a broader context. Journalists can do it better, and their efforts can put a key discovery in
perspective, converting an arcane paper published in an obscure journal into a tale that can inspire others. (3) ____
On such occasions, people often raise general concerns about the way science is going and the impact it may
have; they wonder whether taxpayers get value for money from the research they support. More intellectual
audiences wonder about the basic nature of science: how objective can we be? And how creative? Is science
genuinely a progressive enterprise? What are its limits and are we anywhere near them? It is hard to explain, in
simple language, even a scientific concept that you understand wel . My own (not always effective) attempts have
deepened my respect for science reporters, who have to assimilate quickly, with a looming deadline, a topic they may be quite unfamiliar with. (4) ____
It’s unusual for science to earn newspaper headlines. Coverage that has to be restricted to crisp newsworthy
breakthroughs in any case distorts the way science develops. Scientific advances are usual y gradual and
cumulative, and better suited to feature articles, or documentaries - or even books, for which the latent demand is
surprisingly strong. For example, millions bought A Brief History of Time, which caught the public imagination. (5)
Nevertheless, serious books do find a ready market. That's the good news for anyone who wants to enter this
competition. But books on pyramidology, visitations by aliens, and suchlike do even better: a symptom of a
fascination with the paranormal and ‘New Age' concepts. It is depressing that these are often featured critical y in
the media, distracting attention from more genuine advances. (6)
Most scientists are quite ordinary, and their lives unremarkable. But occasional y they exemplify the link between
genius and madness; these ‘eccentrics’ are more enticing biographees. (7) ____
There seems, gratifyingly, to be no single ‘formula’ for science writing - many themes are stil under-exploited.
Turning out even 700 words seems a daunting task if you're faced with a clean sheet of paper or a blank screen,
but less so if you have done enough reading and interviewing on a subject to become inspired. For research
students who enter the competition, science (and how you do it) is probably more interesting than personal
autobiography. But if, in later life, you become both brilliant and crazy, you can hope that someone else writes a bestseller about you.
A. However, over-sensational claims are a hazard for them. Some researchers themselves ‘hype up’ new
discoveries to attract press interest. Maybe it matters little what people believe about Darwinism or cosmology. But
we should be more concerned that misleading or over-confident claims on any topic of practical import don’t gain
wide currency. Hopes of miracle cures can be raised; risks can be glossed over for commercial pressures. Science
popularisers - perhaps even those who enter this competition have to be as skeptical of some scientific claims as
journalists routinely are of politicians.
B. Despite this, there’s a tendency in recent science writing to be charity, laced with gossip and biographical detail.
But are scientists as interesting as their science? The lives of Albert Einstein and Richard Feyman are of interest,
but is that true of the routine practitioner?
C. Two mathematicians have been treated as such in recent books: Paul Erdos, the obsessive itinerant Hungarian
(who described himself as ‘a machine for turning coffee into theorems’) and Josh Nash, a pioneer of game theory,
who resurfaced in his sixties, after 30 years of insanity, to receive a Nobel prize.
D. For example, the American Physicist Robert Wilson spent months carrying out meticulous measurements with
a microwave antenna who eventually revealed the ‘afterglow of creation’ - the ‘echo’ of the Big Bang with which
our universe began. Wilson was one of the rare scientists with the luck and talent to make a real y great discovery,
but afterwards he acknowledged that its importance didn’t sink in until he read a ‘popular’ description of it in the New York Times.
E. More surprising was the commercial success of Sir Roger Penrose’s The Emperor’s New Mind. This is a
fascinating romp through Penrose’s eclectic enthusiasms - enjoyable and enlightening. But it was a surprising best
seller, as much of it is heavy going. The sales pitch ‘great scientist says mind is more than a mere machine’ was
plainly al uring. Many who bought it must have got a nasty surprise when they opened it.
F. But if they have judged right, it won’t be a trivial problem - indeed it wil be the most difficult that they are likely
to make progress on. The great zoologist Sir Peter Medawar famously described scientific work as ‘the art of the
soluble’. ‘Scientists’, he wrote, ‘got no credit for failing to solve a problem beyond their capacities. They earn at
best the kindly contempt reserved for utopian politicians.’
G. This may be because, for non-specialists, it is tricky to demarcate well-based ideas from flaky speculation. But
it’s crucial y important not to blur this distinction when writing articles for a general readership. Otherwise,
credulous readers may take too much on trust, whereas hard-nosed sceptics may reject al scientific claims,
without appreciating that some have firm empirical support.
H. Such a possibility is one reason why this competition to encourage young people to take up science writing is
so important and why I am helping to launch it today. Another is that popular science writing can address wider
issues. When I give talk about astronomy and cosmology, the questions that interest people most are the truly
‘fundamental’ ones that I can’t answer: ‘Is there life in space?’, ‘Is the universe infinite?’, or ‘Why didn’t the Big Bang happen sooner?’
4. Seven paragraphs have been removed from the extract. Choose from the paragraph A-H the one which
fil each gap (1-7). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. THE DO-GOODERS
The people who changed the morals of English society.
In the last decades of the 18th century, the losers seriously outnumbered the winners. Those who were fortunate
enough to occupy the upper levels of society, celebrated their good fortune by living a hedonistic life of gambling
parties and alcohol. It was their moral right, they felt, to exploit the weak and the poor. Few of them thought their
lives should change, even fewer believed it could. (1) ____
But the decisive turning point for moral reform was the French revolution. John Bowlder, a popular moralist of the
time, blamed the destruction of French society on a moral crisis. Edmund Burke, a Whig statesman agreed. When
your fountain is choked up and polluted,' he wrote, 'the stream wil not run long or clear.' If the English society did
not reform, ruin would surely follow. (2) _
Englishmen were deeply afraid that the immorality of France would invade England. Taking advantage of this,
Burke was able to gain considerable support by insisting that the French did not have the moral qualifications to be
a civilised nation. He pronounced 'Better this island should be sunk to the bottom of the sea that than... it should
not be a country of religion and morals.' (3)
Sobering though these messages were, the aristocracy of the time was open to such reforms, not least due to fear.
France s attempt to destroy their nobility did much to encourage the upper classes to examine and re-evaluate
their own behaviour. Added to this was the arrival of French noble emigres to British shores. As these people were
dependent on the charity of the British aristocracy, it became paramount to amend morals and suppress all vices in order to uphold the state. (4)
Whether the vices of the rich and titled stopped or were merely cloaked is open to question. But it is clear that by
the turn of the century, a more circumspect society had emerged. Styles of dress became more moderate, and the
former adornments of swords, buckles and powdered hair were no longer seen. There was a profusion of moral
didactic literature available. Public hangings ceased and riots became much rarer. (5)
One such person was Thomas Wackley who in 1823 founded a medical journal called 'the Lancet'. At this time,
Medicine was still a profession reserved for the rich, and access to knowledge was impossible for the common
man. The Lancet shone a bright light on the questionable practices undertaken in medicine and particularly in
surgery, and finally led to improved standards of care. (6) ___
How though did changes at the top affect the people at the bottom of the societal hierarchy? Not al reformers
concerned themselves which changes at the authoritative and governmental levels. Others concentrated on
improving the lives and morals of the poor. In the midst of the industrial revolution, the poorest in society were in
dire straits. Many lived in slums and sanitation was poor. No-one wanted the responsibility of improvement. (7) __
Could local authorities impose such measures today? Probably not. Even so, the legacy of the moral reform of the
late 1800s and 1900s lives on today. Because of it, the British have come to expect a system which is competent,
fair to al and free from corruption. Nowadays everyone has a right to a home, access to education, and protection
at work and in hospital. This is all down to the men and women who did not just observe society's ills from a
distance, but who dared to take steps to change it.
A. But a moral makeover was on the horizon, and one of the first people to promote it was Wil iam Wilberforce
better known for his efforts in abolishing the slave trade. Writing to a friend, Lord Muncaster, he stated that the
universal corruption and profligacy of the times...taking its rise amongst the rich and luxurious has now ... spread
its destructive poison through the whole body of the people.
B. But one woman. Octavia Hill, was willing to step up to the mark. Hil , despite serious opposition by the men who
stil dominated English society, succeeded in opening a number of housing facilities for the poor. But, recognizing
the weaknesses of a charity-dependent culture, Hill enforced high moral standards, strict measures in hygiene a-
cleanliness upon her tenants, and, in order to promote a culture of industry, made them work for any financial handouts.
C. At first, moralists did not look for some tangible end to moral behaviour. They concerned themselves with this
spiritual salvation of the rich and titled members of society, believing that the moral tone set by the higher rank
would influence the lower orders. For example, Samuel Parr, preaching at London's St Paul's Cathedral, said If the
rich mar. abandons himself to sloth and al the vices which sloth generates, he corrupts by his example. He
permits...his immediate attendants to be, like him, idle and profligate.'
D. In time, the fervour for improved morals strayed beyond personal behaviour and towards a new governance.
People cal ed for a tightening of existing laws which had formerly been enforced only laxly. Gambling, dueling,
swearing, prostitution, pornography and adultery laws were more strictly upheld to the extent that several
fashionable ladies were fined fifty pounds each for gambling in a private residence.
E. So far. however, circumspection in the upper classes had done little to improve the lives of those in the lower
classes. But that was to change. Against a backdrop of the moral high ground, faults in the system started to stand
out. One by one, people started to question the morality of those in authority.
F. The attitudes of the upper classes became increasingly critical during the latter part of the eighteenth century. In
66 the Lord of the Treasury was perfectly at ease to introduce his mistress to the Queen, but a generation later,
such behavior would have been unacceptable. Such attitudes are also seen in the diaries of Samuel Pepys, who,
in 1973 rambles without criticism about his peer's many mistresses. A few years later, his tone had become infinitely more critical.
G. Similar developments occurred in the Civil Service. Civil servants were generally employed as a result of
nepotism. Charles Trevelyan, an official at the London Treasury, realised the weaknesses in the system and
proposed that al civil servants were employed as a result of entrance examinations, thus creating a system which
was political y independent and consisted of people who were genuinely able to do the job.
H. These prophecies roused a little agitation when first published in 1790. But it was the events in 1792-93 which
shocked England into action. Over in France, insurrection had led to war and massacre. The King and Queen had
been tried and executed. France was now regarded as completely immoral and uncivilized, a country where vice and irreligion reigned.
5. Seven paragraphs have been removed from the extract. Choose from the paragraph A-
H the one which fits each gap (1-7). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. MOBILE MISGIVINGS
It's getting hard to be anonymous. To do anything, you have to prove who you are. Want to buy something or draw
some cash? That’s a wodge of credit cards to lug around, and a plethora of four-digit PINs to remember. Even
before stepping out of the front door, you’ve got to find your driving license or rail pass, perhaps even your passport. (1) ______
Inside every digital mobile phone is a SIM card. SIM stands for Subscriber Information Module, and the chip
embedded in the SIM card is what makes the mobile yours. For now, the SIM just identifies you to the phone system,
and maybe holds details of your favourite phone numbers. In future it could identify you to everyone who needs to
know who you are and would enable you to carry out transactions which require a form of identification. (2)_________
The Finnish government is looking at using SIM's in place of a national identity card - and eventual y a passport.
Under this plan, the SIM wil become a person’s legal proof of identity. And there’s no reason why it couldn’t unlock
your health records, social security details and other personal information. One click and a hospital would know
exactly who it’s dealing with. (3) _______
People can lose or mislay their phones and they are a tempting target for thieves, who can easily dispose of them
on the black market. That’s bad enough when there’s a large phone bil at stake. When your phone becomes the
key to your identity, secrets and cash, you’ll want to make sure it stays safely locked up, even if only the gadget
itself fal s into the wrong hands. “Having something that contains al this information would be extremely cash,”
says Roger Needham, managing director of Microsoft’s British research laboratory in Cambridge. “People will^
simply find it unacceptable.” (4) _______
The beauty of this system is that the identifier would act as one half of what’s called a public key encryption
system. The identifier, kept safe inside the phone, acts as a key, known to no one else. To read a message locked
with this private key requires a second, public key, which can be freely distributed. (5) ______
An increasing number of countries are passing laws to give private keys the same legal force as signatures. This
has unleashed a flood of encryption systems, and the problem now is to get governments and companies to agree
on a standard. “It needs to be simple, secure and transparent,” says Mika Nieminen, head of mobile commerce
company More Magic Software, in Helsinki. “We have the maths to show that it is secure. The only problem now is making it global." (6) ___
The private key is protected by a PIN, and the card will shut itself off if wrong numbers are keyed in three times. To
switch it back on, the owner must take it to a police station with another form of ID. If a card is stolen, the police
wil cancel it permanently. Either way, information on the card stays safe (7)_____
Pearson thinks consumers, too, will learn to trust a chip with their identity, not least because it wil make life so
much easier. A private key wil do away with hard-to-remember log-in codes and passwords for websites; a;
as al those credit cards and PINs. "People already give up their privacy quite happily just to get access
website,” he says. "As long as they get something out of it"
A. But for these dreams to become reality, there'll have to be a revolution in public attitudes. People wil have to let
go of their apprehensions about e-commerce and learn to trust their mobiles; “Cultivating that trust is a very diff
thing to do and takes a lot of time,” says Ian Pearson, resident futurologist at British Telecom.
B. Your credit history could be accessed by your bank manager with your agreement, which would negate then
for you to visit the bank. The manager could communicate with you through your mobile phone and either give
advice over the phone or invite you to the bank for a face-to-face consultation. This has already been pilots
Britain and has received a positive reception.
C. The solution, according to experts in the field, is to share precious information on secure servers accessible
a WAP connection on the web. The SIM would only store a personal identifier - a long string of digits that wo
unlock the servers and give access to the information they hold. To use the identifier, the phone’s owner would have to punch in a PIN,
D. Even in its embryonic form, FINED gives people a secure way to access sensitive information,” says Vatk
"And when you get it in a mobile phone you are not tied to a terminal,” he says. Many believe that identity theft will
be inevitable no matter how careful safeguards are. But since it is taking place and this system is more secure
businesses wil probably be keen to adopt it.
E In a few years, this plastic and paper baggage could be history. A single chip hidden in your cellphone wil be all
you need - a little treasure that holds your complete identity. But beware! Lose your phone, and your identity art'
money go with it. The big question is whether people will be willing to trust much to a silver of silicon. F.
You might use this set-up to send a request to a bank using its public key to see the details of your account
which it would decrypt using its private key. The bank would then send you the requested information encrypted
with your public key, which only your private key could decrypt. Thus both messages would be secure.
G. To pay for a meal, say, you wil use the phone to transfer money through the phone network to a restaurant’s
computer. There wil be no payment slip to sign because your SIM will do it for you. Likewise, when you board a
plane you won't have to wait in line for a boarding pass and seat number. H.
“The Finnish government has taken the initiative with a national standard that the companies can use free of
charge,” says Vesa Vatka of the Finnish Population Register Centre in Helsinki. “At the moment this system –
called FINEID - uses a smart card and a card leader attached to a computer, but the plan is to integrate to a SIM,” says Vatka.
Document Outline
- (1)
- (2)
- (3)
- (4)
- (5)
- (6) ____
- (6)
- (7)
- HELP US GUIDE THROUGH THE UNIVERSE
- (2) _____
- (3)
- (4) ____
- (5)
- (6)
- THE DO-GOODERS
- (1)
- (2)
- (3)
- (4)
- (5)
- (6) ___
- (7)
- MOBILE MISGIVINGS
- (2)
- (3)
- (4)
- (5)