Đề cương ôn tập học phần Tiếng anh của trường đại học Luật Hà Nội
Đề cương ôn tập học phần Tiếng anh của trường đại học Luật Hà Nội giúp sinh viên củng cố, ôn tập kiến thức và đạt kết quả cao trong bài thi kết thúc học phần. Mời bạn đón đón xem!
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REVISION
1. Conditional sentences:
a. Type 1:
If + S + V (present), S + will/ won’t + V-inf…
S + should/ can…+ V-inf
Imperatives (V-inf…) Possible situations in the present or the future Ex: + If she studies hard, she will pass the exam.
+ A lot of fish will die if the water is polluted.
+ If you feel tired, you should take a rest.
+ Ask your teacher if you can't find the answer.
*Unless = if…not…
Unless + S + V-inf/ V-s/es… = If + S + don’t/ doesn’t + V-inf… Unless + S + am/ is/ are… = If + S + am not/ isn’t/ aren’t … Ex: + She will fail the exam if she doesn’t study hard.
Unless she studies hard, she will fail the exam.
+ Unless you stop making noise, I will call the police.
If you don’t stop making noise, I will call the police.
+ I will come with you if I am not busy.
I will come with you unless I am busy.
b. Type 2:
If + S + V (past simple), S + would/ could/ might + (not) + V-inf…
Unreal situations in the present
*be were/ was (for I/ he/ she/ it)
Ex: + If I were you, I would accept their offer.
+ Pigs would fly in the sky if they had wings.
+ If there were fewer cars on the road, there would be less pollution.
*** NOTE: Rewrite the sentences:
The verbs are in present simple form. Type 2 Ex: + Jim doesn’t have a car, so he walks to work every morning.
If Jim had a car, he wouldn’t walk to work every morning.
+ She has a headache after work every because she works in a noisy office.
If she didn’t work in a noisy office, she wouldn’t have a headache after work every day.
2. Relative clauses:
a. who for people as a subject/ an object
…who + V…
Ex: The man who is standing over there is Dr. Smith.
…who + S + V…
Ex: They are visiting the woman who they met on holiday. b. whom for people as an object
…whom + S + V…
Ex: Do you know the girl whom Tom is talking to? c. which for things as a subject/ an object
…which + V…
…which + S + V…
Ex: She likes books which are about horse training. The movie which we saw last night wasn’t very good.
d. that for people, for things, for people and things (as a subject/ an object)
…that + V…
…that + S + V…
Ex: The man that/ who is standing over there is Dr. Smith.
The movie that/ which we saw last night wasn’t very good.
We can see farmers and cattle that are going to the field.
*** “that” doesn’t come after a preposition (in, on…) or a comma (,)
*** “that” comes after “superlatives”, “first, second…”, “last, next, only” Ex: She was the youngest girl that answered all the questions correctly. e. whose for possession
…whose + N + V…
…whose + N + S + V…
Ex: He found a cat whose leg was broken.
The boy whose bicycle you borrowed yesterday is Tom f. where for places
…where + S + V…
Ex: This is the place where the accident happened. Paris, where I was born, is a beautiful city. g. when for time
…when + S + V…
Ex: Spring is the season when flowers of all kinds are in full blossom. h. why for reason
…the reason(s) + why + S + V…
Ex: The reason I didn’t phone you was that I didn’t have your phone number. Please tell me the reason why you are so sad.
*** NOTE:
where: in which, at which when: in which, on which why: for which
Ex: The theater where/ in which I first acted is somewhere around here.
The theater which I first acted in is somewhere around here.
The reason why/ for which she often gets bad marks is that she doesn’t study hard.
*** NOTE: Defining and non-defining relative clauses:
Defining relative clauses | Non-defining relative clauses |
to give essential information about people/ things Ex: + The woman who lives next door is a doctor. + We stayed at the hotel that you recommended. | give extra information about people/ things often go with “proper noun, possessive adjectives, possessive pronouns, this” be separated from the rest of the sentence by a comma or commas Ex: + My brother, who lives in Australia, is a doctor. + We stayed at the Park Hotel, which a friend of ours recommended. |
3. Articles: a, an, the, Ø (p.22 textbook)
- the UK, the USA, the Netherlands, the Philippines
- the Thames, the Pacific, the Amazon, the Danube
- Lake Victoria, Lake Baikal
- Son Doong Cave, New York, Hanoi, Vietnam, Asia, Europe…
- Past simple and Past perfect:
- After + S + had + P2, S + V-ed…
- Before/ By the time + S + V-ed, S + had + P2…
- When + S + V-ed, S + had + P2… When + S + had + P2, S + V-ed…
- S + V-ed + because + S + had + P2…
- S + V-ed + that + S + had + P2… Ex:
+ After I had bought a new pen, I found my old one.
+ Fruit flies had been sent into space before Laika the dog made her space journey.
+ By the time we arrived at the canyon, it had stopped snowing.
+ When the boys arrived at the cinema, the film had already started.
+ I left when I had finished my test.
+ Simon got lost because he hadn’t taken a map with him.
+ As soon as I sat down on the train, I realized that I had left my passport at home.
- Verbs + V-ing/ to-V/ V-inf:
V-ing | to-V | V-inf |
- mind, like, love, hate, dislike, detest, adore, prefer, enjoy, avoid, mention, admit, deny, keep, postpose, suggest, | - decide, want, learn, hope, would like, would love, would prefer, wish, need, agree, try, |
|
can’t stand, discuss, finish
V-ing
| plan, choose, tend, intend, manage, promise, refuse, expect, pretend, offer…
| should/ may…) - make sb V-inf
|
*** Both V-ing and to-V (without a change in meaning): begin, start, continue… Ex: It started to rain 2 hours ago.
They started building the house in January.
*** Both V-ing and to-V (with a change in meaning):
V-ing | To-V | |
stop | Stop an action Ex: Please stop talking. | Interrupt an action to do sth else Ex: We were tired, so we stopped to have lunch. |
forget | Not remember a past event I’ll never forget taking my driving test for the first time. | Not remember sth you have to do Don’t forget to lock the door before you go to bed. |
remember | Have a memory of doing sth I remember sending the document before I went home. | Do sth you have to do Remember to turn off the TV when you are not watching. |
try | Do sth to discover its qualities or effects If you don’t know the meaning, try looking it up in a dictionary. | Make an effort to do sth He tried hard to pass the exam. |
- Despite/ In spite of:
Although/ though/ even though + S + V…
Despite/ In spite of + N/ V-ing/ the fact that + S + V… *** V-ing: the same subject Ex:
+ He studied hard, but he didn’t pass the exam.
Despite/ In spite of studying hard, he didn’t pass the exam.
+ Even though it rained heavily, we went on a picnic.
Despite/ In spite of the heavy rain, we went on a picnic.
- Passive:
Active: S + V + O
Passive: S + be + P2 +… + place + by…+ time.
Active | Passive | |
Present simple | They grow bananas in tropical areas. | S + am/ is/ are + P2… Bananas are grown in tropical areas. |
Present continuous | They are redecorating the café. | S + am/ is/ are + being + P2… The café is being redecorated. |
Present perfect | Someone has stolen my car. | S + have/ has been + P2… My car has been stolen. |
Past simple | They served the meal in an elegant dining room. | S + was/ were + P2… The meal was served in an elegant dining room. |
Past continuous | We asked for coffee while they were preparing the bill. | S + was/ were + being + P2… We asked for coffee while the bill was being prepared. |
Past perfect | Someone had eaten all the food by the time I got there. | S + had been + P2… All the food had been eaten by the time I got there. |
Future simple | We will deliver your pizza in forty minutes. | S + will be + P2… Your pizza will be delivered in forty minutes. |
Be going to | They are going to train me for the job. | S + am/ is/ are going to be + P2… I am going to be trained for the job. |
Modal verbs (can/ should …) | You should fix your computer. | S + can/ should…+ be + P2… Your computer should be fixed. |
Note:
have sb V-inf have sth P2 get sb to-V get sth P2 make sb V-inf be made to-V
*** The impersonal passive: Active: S1 + V1 + (that) + S2 + V2… Passive:
- It + be + P2(V1) + that + S2 + V2…
- S2 + be + P2(V1) + to-V
to have + P2… to be + V-ing
8. Reported speech:
- Reported statements:S + said + (that) + S + V… S + told sb + (that) + S + V…
- Reported questions:
S + asked (sb)... + Wh/ if/ whether + S + V…
c. Reported orders, advice…
S + told/ asked/ advised + sb + to-V/ not to-V
9. Wishes:
S + wish/ wishes + S + would/ could + V-inf…
= If only + S + V (past simple, past continuous) …
+ S + had + P2… Ex: I wish I had a new laptop.
If only I had a new laptop.
- Make suggestions: Let’s + V-inf…
Shall we + V-inf…?
How/ What about + V-ing…?
Why don’t we + V-inf…?
…suggest + V-ing
+ (that) + S + should + V-inf…
+ (that) + S + V-inf…
- Conjunctions:
- Although/ though/ even though + S + V…
Despite/ In spite of + N/ V-ing/ the fact that + S + V…
- Because/ since/ as + S + V…
Because of/ Due to/ Owing to/ On account of…
- S + V + so that/ in order that + S + V…
- S + V + in order to/ so as to + V-inf…
- S + V + in order not to/ so as not to + V-inf…
S + V; therefore,S + V… moreover, furthermore, however, nevertheless,
- so, such, too, enough:
…too + adj/ adv + (for sb) + to-V
…adj/ adv + enough + to-V
…so + adj/ adv + that + S + V
…such + (a/an) + adj + N + that + S + V
- Expressing agreement: too, so, either, neither
- too cuối câu (+)
Ex: I like science and my sister likes it too.
- so + au-V + S (+)
Ex: I like science and so does she.
- either cuối câu (-)
Ex: He didn’t go to the party yesterday. We didn’t (go to the party) either. - neither + au-V + S (-)
Ex: He didn’t go to the party. Neither did we.
- S + spend/ spends/ spent + “time/ money” + V-ing/ on V-ing/ on sth It takes/ took + sb + “time” + to-V…
- Verbs of liking:
- like, love, adore, fancy, enjoy, don’t mind, hate, dislike, detest + V-ing
- like, love, hate, prefer + to-V
- would like/ would love/ would prefer + to-V - had better/ would rather + V-inf… - prefer + N/ V-ing + to + N/ V-ing
- would rather + V-inf + than + V-inf…
*** be + interested in, hooked on, keen on, fond of, addicted to, into + N/ V-ing
16. Give opinions (find, think): S + find + sth/ V-ing + adj.
S + think + sth/ V-ing + is + adj.
*** V-ing + V(it)…
Ex: Playing sports helps you keep fit.
Playing sports is good for your health.
V-ing + is + adj…
It is adj + (for sb) + to-V… Ex: Making crafts is boring.
It is boring to make crafts.
I find making crafts boring.
I think making crafts is boring.
17. Past simple and Present perfect:
*** S + started/ began + V-ing/ to-V…
S + have/ has + P2…+ for/ since…
S + have/ has + been V-ing…+ for/ since…
*** It is the first time + S + have/ has + P2… S + haven’t hasn’t + P2…before.
S + have/ has + never + P2…before.
*** The last time + S + V (past simple) … + was …ago/ in…
S + haven’t/ hasn’t + P2…+ for/ since…
It’s + “time” + since + S + V (past simple) …
S + last + V (past simple) … ago/ in…
18. Comparison:
a. Comparatives:
- Short adj: adj-er + (than)… - Long adj: more + adj + (than)…
b. Superlatives: - Short adj: the + adj-est - Long adj: the most + adj
*** Emphasis:
…much/ far/ a lot/ a bit/ a little + adj-er/ more + adj
…by far + the + adj-est/ most + adj
…the + second + adj-est/ most + adj NOTE: Irregular cases
Comparatives | Superlatives | |
good/ well | better | the best |
bad/ badly | worse | the worst |
far | farther further | the farthest the furthest |
many/ much | more | the most |
little | less | the least |
adj-Y happy | adj-IER happier | the + adj-IEST the happiest |
narrow | narrower | the narrowest |
simple | simpler | the simplest |
quiet | quieter | the quietest |
clever | cleverer | the cleverest |
c. Equatives: (+) … as + adj/ adv + as…
(-) … not as + adj/ adv + as…
… not so + adj/ adv + as…
*** the same as, like, (not) different from…
- V + adv
- be + adv + adj/ P2
- V + adj: be, seem, sound, taste, look, feel, become, remain, stay, keep…
19. used to:
* S + used to/ didn’t use to-V… * S + be/ get + used to + N/ V-ing…
20. Tag questions:
The basic structure of a tag question is:
Positive statement (+) | Negative tag (-) | |
You like coffee, | don’t you? | |
Negative statement (-) | Positive tag (+) | |
She hasn’t finished her work, | has she? |
- Let’s + V-inf..., shall we?
- I am…, aren’t I?
- I am not…, am I?
- Imperatives (V-inf), will you/ would you/ could you?
- Imperatives (Don’t V-inf…), will you?
- No, never, hardly, barely, scarcely, seldom, rarely tag (+)?
Ex: You rarely (-) visit your uncle, do you?
- Everybody/everyone, somebody/someone, nobody/ no one they Ex: Everybody was happy, weren’t they?
- Everything, something, nothing it
Examples:
Let’s go out for a walk, shall we?
No one wants to come, do they?
Pass me that book, will you?
I am late, aren’t I?
Don’t speak Vietnamese, will you?
He seldom goes shopping, does he?
I’m not very tall, am I?
She can rarely come these days, can she?
Nobody has invited her to the party, have they? She loves cats, doesn’t she?
- Pronunciation of –s/es:
/ z/:ɪ /s/, /∫/, / t∫/, /z/, / /, /ʒ ʤ/ (s, ss, ch, x, sh, z, ge, ce, se)
/s/: /θ/, /p/, /k/, /f/, /t/ (th, p, k, f, t) /z/: the rest
- Pronunciation of –ed:
/ d/:ɪ /d/, /t/
/t/: /s/, /∫/, / t∫/, /p/, /k/, /f/ (s, ss, ch, x, sh, p, k, f) /d/: the rest
- Stress:
- Before it: -ion, -ian, -ial, -ic, -ical, -ity, -ious, -ive, -ative, -itive…
- On it: -ique, -eer, -oo, -eer, -ese, -ology, -ologist, -ography, -esque, -ette, -teen, -self, -mental,
-mentary… 24. Phrasal verbs:
1. set up: | 26. call off: |
2. take over: | 27. put off: |
3. look round: | 28. carry out: |
4. give up: | 29. come across: |
5. find out: | 30. cheer sb up: |
6. come back: | 31. break into: |
7. close down: | 32. take off: |
8. set off: | 33. put up with: |
9. get on with: | 34. put sth on: |
10. bring out: | 35. try sth on: |
11. pass down: | 36. pull down: |
12. deal with: | 37. go on: |
13. look through: | 38. go over: |
14. keep up with: | 39. dress up: |
15. turn down: | 40. get on: |
16. run out of: | 41. think sth over: |
17. face up to: | 42. apply for: |
18. look forward to N/ V-ing: | 43. take after sb: |
19. live on: | 44. look up sth: |
20. turn up: | 45. look for sth: |
21. look after/ take care of: | 46. write down sth: |
22. grow up: | 47. act out: |
23. die out: | 48. eat out: |
24. show sb around: | 49. pass on: |
25. get over: | 50. bring up: |
25. Vocabulary: