TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN LƯƠNG VĂN TỤY
ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI CỤM
Môn thi: Tiếng Anh 11 ĐỀ ĐỀ XUẤT Ngày thi: 29/04/2022
(Đề thi gồm có 16 trang) I. LISTENING
HƯỚNG DẪN PHẦN THI NGHE HIỂU
• Bài nghe gồm 4 phần, mỗi phần được nghe 2 lần, mỗi lần cách nhau khoảng 15 giây, mở đầu và
kết thúc mỗi phần nghe có tín hiệu.
• Mọi hướng dẫn cho thí sinh (bằng tiếng Anh) đã có trong bài nghe.
Part 1. For questions 1-5, you will hear an interview with Kevin Langtree. who has just been
voted Best Yeung Chef of the Year. The interviewer is from a radio station and is presenting the
program “Meet the Celebrity”. Choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear.
1. Kevin Langtree is glad he was born when he was because
A. you can get roast meat every Sunday.
B. there's a greater variety of foods.
C. there's more fast food than ever before.
D. you can still get fish and chips.
2. By mentioning British pizza consumption, Kevin Langtree intends to show
A. why the British can no longer get fish and chips.
B. that Britons are overly fond of Italian food.
C. how the British diet is changing.
D. that the British should eat more healthy food.
3. The main criticism he has of restaurants and takeaways is that
A. parking is a major problem.
B. they're all very difficult to get to without a car. C. too many are from America.
D. in any one street they all tend to be the same.
4. The reason the American fast-food outlets succeed is that they
A. target children and young people. B. are cheaper than the rest.
C. offer a wider variety of food.
D. are slowly taking over the world. 5. According to Kevin,
A. there is a connection between cosmopolitan food and a less insular society.
B. only the French can make good wine and bread.
C. there is greater choice, but imported foodstuffs are expensive.
D. the root vegetables produced in Britain in the past were best. Your answers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Part 2. For questions 6-10, listen to an interview about the behavior of animals and birds in
relation to the weather. Decide whether these following statements are True (T) or False (F).
6. Sue has little faith in the accuracy of sayings about the weather.
7. Peter says that nowadays people are less interested in sayings than in previous times.
8. Peter says that low-flying birds suffer badly in storms.
9. According to Peter, insects have difficulty in sensing changes in the atmosphere.
10. Sue concludes that the rain goose’s behavior is surprising. Your answers 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Part 3. For questions 11-15, you will hear Tim Cole talking about guidebooks. Answer the
following questions with short answers of NO MORE THAN FIVE WORDS.
11. What place did Tim want to find that turned out to be a comedy club when he used a guidebook in Australia?
_________________________________________
12. When must the publication date be for a guidebook to be bought?
_________________________________________
13. What does Tim particularly dislike about guidebooks?
_________________________________________
14. What are other things that should be included in guidebooks?
_________________________________________
15. What way of searching travel advice does Tim suggest to Hawaii visitors?
_________________________________________ Your answers 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
Part 4. For questions 17-25, listen to an interview with Pfizer CEO Albert Bourla on Covid-19
vaccine manufacturing outlook and supply the blanks with the missing information. Write NO
MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR NUMBERS taken from the recording for each answer in the space provided.
Both Pfizer and Moderna may not suffer from intensified pressure in vaccine manufacturing
despite a soaring in the number of individuals who could become (16) __________________ to
get the vaccine. Instead, a ramp-up in alterations to administer more vaccines is considered the
(17) __________________ at the
moment. Pfizer CEO Albert Bourla shared his confidence
in the company’s ability to deliver the vaccines on time thanks to the (18) __________________
with the US government. This is viewed as a(n) (19) __________________ contrast to the hitherto
popular conception that vaccine supply can be insufficient. For the time being, around (20)
__________________ have been released. Because of a (21) __________________ of an extra
dose in the vial and rising productivity in manufacturing, it is also possible to expect an increased
pace of vaccine output on a (22) __________________ all year round. The six doses have been
submitted to all (23) __________________ and already been approved by the FDA, WHO, EU,
Switzerland authorities, (24) __________________ authorities etc. Pfizer’s manufacturing team
is now (25) __________________ in virtually impossible speeds. Your answers 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
PART B. LEXICO-GRAMMAR (30 points)
Part 1. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions. (10 points)
1. After years of working together, the partners found themselves _____linked. A. permanently B. indelibly C. perpetually D. inextricably
2. Don’t look so worried! You should take the boss’s remarks with a _____of salt. A. teaspoon B. pinch C. grain D. dose
3. The old house was unable to withstand the _____of severe winter weather and suffered
considerable structural damage. A. extremity B. onslaught C. outrage D. fury
4. In terms of protocol, the President takes _____over all others in the country. A. priority B. the lead C. precedence D. the head
5. I’m not surprised people are arguing- they are at the _____of their tether. A. end B. limit C. finish D. termination
6. To get his proposal accepted, the Finance Manager had to _____heavy pressure from colleagues. A. fend off B. laugh off C. send off D. push off
7. Activities in the department store were _____by animal rights activists protesting against the sale of fur coats. A. disorientated B. disrupted C. deranged D. disturbed
8. In this day and age, it is almost impossible to keep ______ of the latest developments in computing. A. afloat B. afresh C. abreast D. afield
9. His room was ______ decorated in gold and silver, whereas his brother’s was extremely plain and dowdy. A. ostentatiously B. tantalisingly C. simplistically D. benevolently
10. The mayor failed to deliver key promises in his manifesto, but to give him his ______, he
tried his best to improve the city’s infrastructure. A. account B. view C. owing D. due Your answers: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Part 2: For the questions 11-20, write the correct form of each bracketed word in the
corresponding numbered boxes. (10 points)
There is an example at the beginning (0)
King of the watchmakers
For a period of its history, the city of Coventry had a (0) CONSIDER
__considerable_____ reputation as the main centre of clock and
watchmaking in Britain, and Coventry timepieces made then were (11) SYNONYM
___________ with both quality and (12) ____________ . Few people in RELY
the city today will have hears of Samuel Watson, but he almost (13) HAND
_____________ paved the way for Coventry’s involvement in the clock FRONT
and watch business. He was at the (14) ___________ of the
watchmaking revolution in the 1680s, and although it is not known how
Watson became involved in the trade, he was a trailblazer for others.
Watson made his name in 1682 when he sold his clock to King Charles MATHS
II and was invited to be the King’s (15) _______________. The
following year he began work on an astronomical clock for the King,
complete with planets and signs of the zodiac, which took seven years POST
to build. It not only told the time of day but also the (16) __________ OWN
changes of the planets. Queen Mary acquired it in 1691 and it is still the
(17) ___________ of the Royal Family. RESIDE
He built several other clocks, and by 1690 the clamour for Watson’s
clocks was such that he left Coventry and took up (18) ____________ STAND in London.
He became Master of the London Clockmakers’ Company in 1692, LIKE
which is testament to his (19) ___________ in the growing industry.
In 1712, Samuel Watson’s name disappears from the records of the
London Clockmakers’ Company, and the (20) ______________ is that he died in that year. Your answers: 11. 12. 13. 14. 15 16 17 18 19 20.
Part 3: The passage below contains 5 errors. Underline the errors and write the corrections in
the corresponding numbered boxes. (5 points) Line
Convincing evidence has come to light which shows that there is a strong
probability that modern birds originated from dinosaurs. Research carried out
over a period of twenty years has yielded common physical, physiological as
well as behavioral characteristics, which are now shedding new light in how
some dinosaurs revolved through the ages to become what we now know to be, 5 our feathered friends.
China’s Liaoning province has been the most crucial contributor in the
quest for truth. Its renowned fossil bed has to day given paleontologists an
exquisite collection of well preserved animal and plant species. Among their
most recent founds are feathered and winged dinosaurs. Of the former, the 10
Dilong Paradoxus is a primary example. The fact that the Dilong Paradoxus is
a tyrannosaur made this discovery all the more interesting as this dinosaur
species has long been deemed a successor of modern birds. The T-rex box
metabolized its food and grew at an alarming rate, indicating that it might have
been warm-blooded much like birds are. Its staggering rate of development
would, nevertheless, have required conservation of heat, and a discovery of the
tyrannosaur sporting plumage has made it clear that insulation was achieved as
the result of it. This plumage, may, thus, have initially been used for insulation 15
rather than flight. Prior to the aforementioned characteristic, wish-bones and
swiveling wrist bones served as proof of ties between dinosaurs and fowls. Line Error Correction 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
Part 4: Fill in the gaps in the following sentences with suitable particles. Write your answers
in the corresponding numbered boxes. (5 points)
There is an example at the beginning (0). 0.
He finds it hard to put ________ the noise of the nearby factory. 26.
Tougher measures are to be brought ________ to fight increasing social evils in the city. 27.
He left no stone unturned to hunt ________ his forefather reported missing in the war. 28.
They finally decided to settle ________ a compromise rather than take legal action against their rival. 29.
She was completely snowed ________ right after taking up the managerial post. 30.
Having been passed ________ twice, he decided not to apply for promotion this time. Part 4: 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
III. READING (60 points)
Part 1. Read the following text and choose the one which best fits the space, A, B, C or D.
The knowledge and eloquence that people (1) ________ through traveling is usually perceived as
the best (2) ________ in life. It is the inquisitive human nature that (3) ________ people to seek
(4) ________ experiences and to set out on an exploration trip. Those who travel frequently and
to (5) ...places benefit from establishing new relationships and (6) ________ a better knowledge
about other cultures and lifestyles. However, there is a (7) ________ of truth in the assumption
that people are prone to (8) ________ clichés and unfounded prejudices about other nations and
their characteristics. Sometimes, it is only the first-hand encounter that can help change the (9)
________ towards the so-called ‘inferior communities’. This direct contact with a different
civilization enables travellers to (10) ________ their baseless assumptions and get acquainted with
the real concept of life in all four corners of the globe. Beyond question, traveling facilities
friendship and makes it easier for many individuals to acknowledge the true value of different
traditions and customs. Yet, it does not always mean enjoyment. It may also involve coming close
with the atrocities of real existence as well as becoming aware of the challenges and hardships that
other people have to struggle with. Hence, a true voyage is the one with a good deal of experience
to reminisce about, very often combined with exposure to abhorrent sights and incredible ordeals.
The learning to be complete, thus, requires an ability to observe and analyse the surroundings, both their glamour and brutality. 1. A purchase B exact C gain D nurture 2. A completion B fulfillment C conclusion D resolution 3. A impels B involves C entails D pursues 4. A thriving B throbbing C thwarting D thrilling 5. A reverse B averse C diverse D converse 6. A acquiring B educating C learning D exacting 7. A speck B grain C scrap D tip 8. A persevering B cherishing C indulging D persisting 9. A prejudice B manner C outlook D approach 10. A drop B cease C fail D quit Your answers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Part 2. Read the following text and fill in the blank with ONE suitable word. Write your answers
in corresponding numbered boxes. (15 points) Greatness
It is rare indeed that we have the opportunity to behold (1) _______work the titanic forces
that prime the Earth's massifs, those monumental ranges that are the (2) _______ of legend; that
represent the pinnacle of human conquest; that tease mankind and dare it to attempt a summit
climb, (3) _______the treachery and deadliness of the path that leads to dizzying success and
immortality. Many have started the quest and failed, some (4) _______ the ultimate price, and it
is not (5) _______ our mountaineers and explorers who seek to surmount the insurmountable;
humanity as a (6) _______ has, forever it seems, had a morbid sort of fascination with nature's
tallest, indelibly snow-capped peaks. (7) _______ is it only the prospect of their ascent that piques
the interest; it is their very existence; we gaze up at them from the depths of normality - from the
pitiful elevations of ground level - and all of us, in our own (8) _______, dream of becoming
master of their heights and of viewing the world from atop their menacing crests. The photographer
captures his dream in that perfect image, content to idealise the prospect of the ultimate challenge
- it is for others to master, not him. The writer translates his dreams into prose, romanticising the
quest, compelling other (9) _______ courageous souls to take those first brave steps into the
unknown, whence they may never return, save in lore. The journalist reports their successes and
failures with equal measures of gusto - for him, the story ends well (10) _______ way. Your answers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Part 3. For questions 14-23, read an extract from an article and choose the answer A, B, C or D
that fits best according to the text. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (10 points)
New ways of looking at history
Though few modem readers are familiar with LP Hartley’s novel The Go-Between, many will
know the novel’s often quoted opening line: ‘The past is a foreign country: they do things
differently there.’ In Hartley’s novel, published in 1953, the remark indicates the distance that
separates an early narrator from the dramatic events of his youth. But the phrase has since been
gleefully adopted by historians hoping to dramatize the gulf between present and bygone ages. This
remoteness makes the past both alluring and incomprehensible. It is the natural hurdle all historians
must overcome to shed lights on earlier times. Since the days of Herodotus, the father of history
who lived 2500 years ago, it has had them scrambling for new ways to acquaint today’s audiences with yesterday’s events.
Amid the current mass of works of popular historical non-fiction, the question of how to bring
history to life seems more pressing than ever. The historian Ian Mortimer takes a literal approach:
if the past is a foreign country, then a foreigner’s guidebook might help. His book The Time
Traveler’s Guide to Medieval England is exactly that, offering ‘an investigation into the
sensations of being alive in different times’. The resulting portrait of the era is as lively and
entertaining as it is informative. Yet it is worth considering his claims about his own approach. ‘In
traditional history, what we can say about the past is dictated by the selection and interpretation of
evidence.’ It would be foolish, however, to suppose that Mortimer’s own text has not relied on
precisely this kind of selection. Mortimer presents events as if they were unfolding, putting the
facts in the present tense. Yet the illusion of first-hand historical experience is shattered the
moment we are thrown 50 years backwards or forwards in order to provide context. Mortimer’s
refusal to commit to a temporal point of view undermines the immediacy he attempts to convey.
Unlike Mortimer, Philip Matyszak, author of Ancient Rome on Five Denarii a Day, does not claim
to tread new historiographical ground. His aim is to inform and amuse, and in this he succeeds.
The light-hearted approach pays off, though it occasionally descends into juvenile and
anachronistic humor: Oedipus is referred to as ‘he of the complex’. This raises the question of
what readership the book is really aimed at. Also, the problem with time-travellers’ guides is that
they often say more about the people who wrote them than about the people they describe.
Mortimer’s avowal that ‘climate change is another factor affecting the landscape’ in 14th-century
England reflects worries more modem than medieval. While Matyszak’s assertion that ‘it is a
common misconception among visitors that the Acropolis is the Parthenon’ sounds more like a
complaint about the ignorance of today’s tourists.
‘Understanding the past is a matter of experience as well as knowledge,’ Mortimer declares. This
may well be the manifesto for those who, not satisfied with virtual tours of history, take history
into their own hands. Historical re-enactors - yes, those individuals whose idea of fun is to dress
up and stage mock battles - provide the most literal interpretation of history as experience.
Humorist Tim Moore set out to explore this world in his book I Believe in Yesterday. In Berne,
Switzerland, he suffers in the name of utter authenticity’ during the restaged siege of Grandson,
circa 1474. In the US he endures a stint of ‘relentless and uncompromising immersion with re-
enactment’s seasoned elite.' revisiting 1864’s battle of Red River during the American Civil War.
Moore’s quest for ‘my inner ancient’ is fueled by his anxieties about our modem inability to deploy
the skills that came naturally to our ancestors. More often, he finds, it is a ‘refreshingly simple
impulse to get away from it all’ that gets people into period attire. Many civil war re-enactors seek
redress: ‘History is written by the winners but re- enactment gives the losers a belated chance to
scribble in the margins.’ For others, it’s ‘a simple and truly heart-warming quest for gregarious
community’. Perhaps re-enactment is the closest we can get to Mortimer’s ideal of what history
should be: ‘A striving to make spiritual, emotional poetic, dramatic and inspirational connections
with our forebears’. Interestingly, Mortimer quotes the poet WH Auden, who remarked that to
understand your own country it helps to have lived in at least two others. Perhaps the same applies
to historical eras. The central question, for popular historians and historical re-enactors alike, is
not how to animate the past but how to make it cast light on us today.
1. The quoted opening line of The Go-Between ___________
A. accounts for the unfamiliarity of readers with the novel
B. serves as a figurative barrier separating the past and the present
C. encapsulates attempts made by historians
D. instills historians with a disrespect for remoteness 2. According to the passage:
A. All historians have presented carefully selected historical events to laypeople.
B. The matter of enlivening history' has been of more urgency recently.
C. Historians have adopted traditional methods to introduce bygone events to readers for ages.
D. Being impenetrable to outsiders renders history' somewhat humdrum.
3. The writer suggests that Mortimer’s approach is flawed in the sense that:
A. It heavily relies on the process of comprehending events.
B. It completely runs counter to his claims, which results in confusion.
C. It entails events to be illustrated as if they were happening.
D. It fails to stick to a time-related perspective.
4. Which of the following nouns best reflect the writer’s attitudes towards the books by Mortimer and Matyszak? A. appreciation and criticism B. disregard and hostility C. reverence and admiration
D. acknowledgement and castigation
5. As indicated by the author, a shared characteristic of the books by Mortimer and Matyszak is that ______
A. They include inappropriate use of humor to convey the ideas.
B. They are written from a viewpoint which remains unchanged throughout.
C. They are clearer manifestations of the authors' concerns than of the topics.
D. Their target audience is left open to question by readers.
6. The writer's choice of words in the fourth paragraph suggests that regarding activities
in the field of historical re-enactment, the author harbors feelings of _______ A. cynicism B. skepticism C. enthusiasm D. optimism
7. As mentioned in the text, a driving force behind the appeal of historical re-enactment to some people is ________
A. the ability to envision themselves as famous historical figures
B. the possibility of corroborating their beliefs
C. the investigation into counterfactuals regarding life in the past
D. the chance to pretend to influence historical outcomes
8. All of the following reasons are given to explain the act of animating the past EXCEPT_______ A. a sense of inferiority B. a form of escapism
C. a feeling of dissatisfaction D. a method of networking
9. What can be said about the historian Ian Mortimer?
A. He attaches little importance to abridging the distance between us and our ancestors.
B. His book lends itself well to edu-taining his readers.
C. He believes that comprehension of the past does not require one to experience it.
D. He leads an expedition into the world of historical re-enactment in his books.
10. The writer comes to the conclusion that history as Mortimer, Matyszak and historical re-enactors see it
A. shares many characteristics with literary writing.
B. mark another important development which will be a fad.
C. can enrich our understanding of modern society.
D. may well be the way forward for historian in general. Your answers: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Part 4: Read the passage and do the tasks that follow. (10 points)
Choose the correct headings for paragraphs A-F from the list of headings below. Write your
answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. A
The health benefit of legumes has been widely known for centuries. Also known as pulses
or, more commonly, beans, they belong to an extremely large category of vegetables, containing
over 13,000 species. Only grains supply more calories and protein to the world’s population.
Today, agricultural researchers and scientists are experimenting with varieties of legumes easier
to harvest, more resistant to disease, and yield better crops. B
Beans are often referred to as “the poor person’s meat”, but this label is unfair – considering
the health benefits of legumes, they should really be called “the healthy alternative to meat”. Beans
contain a rich and varied supply of nutritional substances, which are vital for keeping in good
health. Diets rich in beans are used to help with a variety of health issues including lowering
cholesterol levels, improving blood sugar control in diabetics, reducing the risk of many cancers,
lowering the risk of heart disease, and lowering blood pressure. Beans are a good source of protein
but are often considered to be an “incomplete” protein as they lack the essential amino acids that
we need to complete our diet. Foods from animals, on the other hand, contain protein and amino
acids. However, many cultures combine beans with grains to form a complete protein that is a
high-quality substitute for meat – rice and soya in Japan, corn and beans in Mexico, rice and lentils
in the Middle East. Beans are also a good source of fiber, giving the consumer between 5 and 8.6
grams of fiber per 100 grams eaten. Fiber is an important ingredient in a healthy diet with great
benefits to our digestive system and in reducing cholesterol levels, which in turn reduces our risk
of heart disease. Fiber also helps us to feel full and control our appetite. C
Why is it important to substitute meat as much as possible? First of all, because of the
health implications – red meat in particular has a high-fat content. Secondly, antibiotics and other
chemicals are used in the raising of poultry and cattle. Thirdly, the cost to the environment is much
greater in raising cattle than it is in growing crops. To produce a kilogram of beef, farmers need to
feed to cow 15 kilograms of grain and a further 30 kilograms of forage. D
Little wonder then that legumes have been used from ancient times. According to Trevor
Brice in Life and Society in the Hittite World, the Hittites, an ancient people living in Anatolia
from the eighteenth century BC, ate a wide variety of legumes including peas, beans, faba beans,
chickpeas, and lentils. And in ancient Egypt, Ramses II is known to have offered 11,998 jars of
beans to the god of the Nile. Archaeologists have found the remains of legumes on land beneath
Lake Assad in Syria dating back to 8000 BC and astonishingly, a 4,000-year-old lentil seed found
during an excavation in Turkey has been germinated, allowing scientists to compare the ancient
variety with the organic and genetically engineered varieties of today. Professor Nejat Bilgen from
Dumlupinar University, who led the archaeological team, said that the lentils were found in a
container dating from the Bronze Age. The plant grown from the ancient lentil was found to be
“pretty weak” in comparison with modern varieties. E
Modern agricultural research has tended to focus on grain production, breeding new
varieties of wheat and other crops rather than improving the varieties of legumes, which can suffer
from low yields and unstable harvests. For this reason, farmers started to abandon them in favor
of more dependable crops, which had had the benefits of scientific improvement. Recently,
scientists have returned to legumes to identify desirable characteristics such as height, good crop
production, and resistance to pests in order to cross different plants with each other and produce a
new, improved variety. Using pests in order to cross different plants with each other and produce
a new, improved variety. Using traditional breeding methods, agricultural scientists are
transforming the faba bean into a variety that is easier to grow. Traditional varieties are
undependable as they rely on insects to pollinate them. But faba bean types that can self-fertilize
naturally were discovered, and this gene is being bred into new varieties. Other faba bean varieties
have been found to produce higher yields or shorter crops. Faba bean plants end in a lower – this
means that more of the plant’s energy is transformed into producing beans instead of unusable foliage, F
With the new varieties, farmers in some regions are achieving a marked rise in production
– between 10% to 20% improvement. Scientists have also managed to develop a commercial faba
bean able to resist the parasitic weed Orobanche, which has been known to destroy whole fields
of the crop. The future of legumes and the farmers who grow them is becoming brighter. Legumes
are an important source of nourishment for humans and also for the soil: the beans take nitrogen
directly from the atmosphere and fix it into the soil to provide nutrients for other crops and save
the farmers the cost of artificial fertilizer. Making legumes a profitable crop for the future may
prove an essential factor in feeding growing populations.
Choose the correct headings for paragraphs A-F from the list of heading below. List of headings
i Improvements to faba bean farming
1. Paragraph A ___________
ii Increasing productivity to secure the future of legume
2. Paragraph B ____________ farming
3. Paragraph C ___________ iii The importance of legumes
4. Paragraph D ___________
iv The nutritional value of legumes Paragraph E-i
v The effect of farming on the environment
5. Paragraph F ____________
vi Legumes in the diet of ancient peoples
vii The importance of reducing meat consumption
viii Archaeological discoveries
Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage? In boxes 6-10, write
T if the statement agrees with the views of the writer
F if the statement contradicts the views of the writer
NG if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
6. Legumes are second to grains in providing people with calories and protein.
7. Beans can help to cure heart disease.
8. Scientists have the opportunity to see how similar modern and ancient lentil plants are.
9. Agricultural scientists are making the faba bean easier to grow in dry areas.
10. New varieties of faba bean can destroy parasitic weeds. Your answers: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1. iii 2. iv 3.vii 4. viii 5. ii 6. T 7. F 8. T 9. NG 10. F
Part 4. The passage below consists of five sections marked A-E. For questions 1-10,
read the passage and do the task that follows. Write your answers (A-E) in the
corresponding numbered boxes provided. (15 points)
A. Throwaway living took off in the second half of the 20th century. Disposable coffee cups,
plastic stirrers, and plates that could be tossed in the bin 'improved' our lives. Global plastic
production soared from 1.5 million tonnes in 1950 to nearly 200 million tonnes in 2002. Today,
it's reached the 300 million tonne mark. Reports of ocean garbage patches suggest that much of
that plastic eventually ends up in our seas. Take a boat out far enough and you'll witness bottles,
toy figurines, roller balls from underarm deodorants and thousands of plastic sandals all floating
around in the sea. A project called The Ocean Cleanup has been testing floating platforms for
collecting bigger bits of plastic, but they cannot deal with microplastics. Microplastics is the
technical term for tiny pieces of plastic They are so finely shredded by ocean currents that they’re
impossible to spot front a boat and are easily mistaken for food by sea creatures.
B. A recent study by Marcus Eriksen. one of the co-founders of 5 Gyres, the organization
that studies plastic pollution in the seas, suggests that at least five trillion pieces of
plastic, altogether weighing in at over 268,000 tonnes, are floating around near the
surface of the sea. An incredible 92 per cent of the pieces are microplastics. According to
Eriksen. we’ll have to live with what’s already out there. "It's going to sink, it's going to
get buried, it's going to fossilize.” he says. "There’s no efficient means to clean up 5km
down on the ocean floor." No one really knows what damage all that stranded
microplastic is doing, but the hope is that once it's mixed up with the sediment, it's doing
less of it. Yet the clouds of microplastics swirling in the water column pose a problem.
The debris is easy for marine life to swallow, but the gunk that the plastics collect - such
as pollution and bacteria - are also a threat.
C. In May 2014. chemist Alexandra Ter Halle joined the Seventh Continent Expedition to
the north Atlantic Ocean with the aim of analysing the gunk. She collected samples and is
now analysing her data back at Paul Sabatier University in Toulouse. France, to work out
why some plastics attract pollution as they age. "The difficulty lies in the fact that there
are so many plastics, of different colours, shapes and compositions," she says. "It's
difficult to extract a trend from all those pieces." Ter Halle believes the answer is
prevention. She says that switching to biodegradable plastics could offer part of that
solution. While the first generation of biodegradables just broke down into smaller
pieces, the second generation may have some utility. Ter Halle suggests that they could,
for instance, be handy for shopping bags.
D. Yet Prof Richard Thompson, a marine biologist at Plymouth University, believes that
the very notion of biodegradable plastic is flawed. "The idea that you could build into a
plastic a feature that would enable it to fulfil its life in service without deteriorating and
then, the minute it becomes an item of litter, it somehow' rapidly and harmlessly
degrades... it kind of seems like you're aspiring towards the impossible," he says. He
recently attended a workshop in Portugal involving over 50 people from around Europe,
including scientists, policymakers and industry types eager to offer ideas for solving the
problem. But there was a shortage of cutting-edge solutions. "From my perspective, there
was nothing new from any of the participants," he says. "A range of solutions are known
to us, but it’s more about translating that into action."
E. To dramatically reduce the amount of plastic accumulating in the oceans, the 'loop' of
producing and recycling plastics would have to become a closed one. This means that any
material leaving the system as waste would enter it again as a renewable resource. One
option is banning certain types of plastics for particular applications, such as the plastic
microbeads used in facial scrubs and toothpastes. These tiny particles - often measuring
less than Imm - wash straight down the sink and arc too small to be filtered out at the
waterworks. All plastic products would need to be designed with an end-of-life care
package. In short, solving the plastic problem in the oceans means solving plastic pollution, full stop.
Which section mentions the following?
1. The importance of responsible product design
2. Potential improvement of an innovation
3. Contemporary lifestyles eventuating undesirable consequences
4. A popularly held solution to plastic contamination being rejected
5. A lack of new and advanced ideas about dealing with pollution problems
6. Uncertainty about the extent of the harm caused to ocean ecosystems
7. Plastic pollution impinging on aesthetic values
8. The necessity of putting ideas into practice
9. A consequence of plastic pollution that will remain
10. Scientific study of pollution hampered by the variety of plastic Your answers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
D. WRITING (60 points) Part 1: Summary (15 points)
Read the following passage and use your own words to summarise it. Your summary should be
between 80 – 100 words long.
We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the
contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many
disadvantages in streaming pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at
different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and not so bright child. After all, it can
be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!
Besides, it is rather unreal to grade pupils just according to their intellectual ability. This is
only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils
to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and
we find that mixed- ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.
In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives
them the opportunities to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also
learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to
analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teachers.
Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and
assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching
when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills
they need in order to do this effectively. An advanced pupil can do advanced work; it does not
matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give
them every encouragement to attain this goal.
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Part 2. Graph description. (15 points)
The table below gives information on sales of five car brands in part of world market from 2012
to 2016. Describe the information in the table and make comparisons where relevant. You
should write about 150 words. Brands Toyota Mercedes Kia Ford Rolls-Royce Year 2012 14,800 15,800 18,500 19,600 15,100 2013 14,000 11,700 23,700 17,600 10,500 2014 14,500 15,300 27,300 15,600 7,600 2015 14,500 17,400 29,600 22,400 6,700 2016 14,500 18,500 32,500 26,100 5,400
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Part 3: Write an essay of about 350 words to express your opinion on the following issue (30 points)
Write an essay of about 350 words to express your opinion on the following statement
Some people believe that no one should do the same job for all their working life. Others argue
that doing the same job brings advantages for individuals, companies, and society. Discuss both views and give your opinion
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