Destination B1 Pre Intermediate Student Book key | Sách Tiếng Anh
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Destination Grammar &
Vocabulary with Answer Key * i £ :• ·-·- . . Malcolm Mann Steve Taylore-Knowles Units Pages Unit 1 Grammar
Present simple, present continuous, stative verbs 6 Unit 2 Grammar
Past simple, past continuous, used to
---------------------------------------------- Fun and games 12 Umt4 Gran1111ar
Present perfect simple, present perfect continuous 18 ----------- Unit 5 Grammar
Past perfect simple, past perfect continuous 21 TJ11it 6 Learning and doing 24 /,-· uni 7 Granunar
Future time (present continuous, will, be going to, present simple) 30 Unit 8 Grammar
Prepositions of time and place 33 Coming and going 36 -·,-. /. z '/, , unit 1v Grammar The passive 1 42 Unit 11 Grammar The passive 2 45 Huit 1 2 Friends and relations 48 unn 1-1 urammar
Countable and uncountable nouns 54 Unit 14 Grammar Articles 57
---------------------------------------- TJnit 1 � Buying and selling 60 unu 16 Grammar
Pronouns and possessive determiners 66 Unit 17 Grammar Relative clauses 69 'lnit , o Inventions and discoveries 72 urammar
Modals 1: ability, permission, advice 78 Unit 20 Grammar
Modals 2: obligation, probability, possibility 81 TJrit 21 Sending and receiving 84 Unit 22 Grammar Modals 3: the modal perfect ------------- 94 Unit 23 Grammar
Questions, question tags, indirect questions 97 Unit 24 Vocabulary People and daily life 100 4 Units Pages 1.Jn1 .t: 5 Grammar
So and such, too and enough 106 Unit 26 Grammar Comparatives and superlatives 109
----���--➔--➔--�--�-· --------------- --➔---�----------·-- - - - - - - - - - 112 \Jnit 2d Grammar
Conditionals 1: (zero, first, second) 118
------------- -------------------- Unit 29 Grammar Conditionals 2: (third) 121
--------------------------··--·-·-·------------- Unit 30 Vocabulary Body and lifestyle 124 Grammar Reported speech 130 Unit 32 Grammar
Reported questions, orders, requests 133 Unit 33 Vocabulary Creating and building 136 Unit 34 Grammar Direct and indirect objects 142 Unit 35 Grammar wish 145 Unit 36 Vocabulary Nature and the universe 148 R,vi ·. ·/':lr)l � !4 �
�.l·:t�\_f:!12 .·_.t::;:.-; t]"fili;
i��<.;f�: ,._l.: ·, \a fI 4 · .. ; •�-:,.,_}. 35 ,.-,y .. 'l � a' '':�"'· nd /- 36. �-> Unit 37 Grammar -ing and infinitive 154 Unit 38 Grammar
Both, either, neither, so, nor 157 Unit 39 Vocabulary Laughing and crying 160 ' . ' J ·,_, � '(... . �- %",., Unit 40 Grammar Connectives 166 Unit 41 Grammar The causative 169 --------�-- Unit 42 Vocabulary Problems and solutions 172 Reference section Irregular present forms 182 Irregular verbs 182 Topic vocabulary 184 Phrasal verbs 202 Prepositional phrases 206 Word patterns 208 Word formation 212 s Grammar
Present simple, present continuous, stative verbs Present simple statement negative question
• I/you/we/they play ...
Vyou/wejthey do not (don't} play .. .
Do Vyou/we/they play ... ?
He/she/it plays ...
He/she/it does not (doesn't} play .. .
Does he/she/it play ... ? Use Example Helpful hints Present habits
Marsha goes to dance lessons
The present simple is often used with every Saturday.
the following words and phrases: adverbs Permanent situations
Does Dan work at the cinema?
• always • usually • often States
I like the new James Bond film.
• sometimes • rarely • never General truths
You play chess with 32 pieces. phrases
• every Monday/week/etc
• each Monday/week/etc
• once/twice a week/month/etc
• three times a week/month/etc
Remember that these adverbs usually go
before the verb, but after the verb be.
� The verbs be and have have irregular present forms.
• I often play football with my friends. �See page 182.
• I am often late for my piano lessons. statement negative question
I am ('m} playing ...
I am not ('m not} playing ...
Am I playing ... ?
He/she/it is ('s} playing ...
He/she/it is not (isn't/ 's not} playing ...
Is he/she/it playing ... ?
You/we/they are ('re} playing ... You/we/they are not (aren't/ 're not} playing ...
Are you/we/they playing ... ? Use Example Helpful hints Actions happening now
Jan is watching a DVD upstairs.
The present continuous is often used Temporary situations
She is working at the museum until the
with the following words and phrases: end of the month.
• now • right now • at the moment Annoying habits
My brother is always borrowing my
• today • this week/month/etc (usually with a/ways) CDs without asking!
Stative verbs do not usually describe actions. They
Some common stative verbs:
describe states (feelings, thoughts, etc). They are • appear include see
not normally used in continuous tenses. be know seem
✓ I like reading books in my free time. believe like taste
� I am liking readiRg books iR my fr:ee #me. belong to love think hate need understand have prefer want
� Some of these verbs (such as be, have and think) are used in continuous tenses when they � describe actions.
✓ What do you think about his new song?
✓ I'm thinking about last night's match. 6
Present simple, present continuous, stative verbs Unit 1
Look at the pictures of Helen and use the prompts to write sentences. Use the
correct form of the present simple. seven.
··················································································
2 ................................................................................. .
every day I get up I at half
once a week I watch a film past seven at the cinema
3 ................................................................................. .
4 ................................................................................ ..
often I eat fast food for rarely I go to the gym lunch
5 ................................................................................ ..
6 ................................................................................ ..
in the evening I usually I
have a driving lesson I
meet her friends for coffee twice a week
[[) Complete using the correct present continuous form of the verbs in brackets.
You may have to use some negative forms.
1 Gordon? I think he .................................................. (write) a letter at the moment.
2 Yes, the match is on TV now, but we .................................................. (lose).
3 Right now, Margaret .................................................. (have) a shower. Do you want to ring later?
4 Sally .................................................. (stay) with her aunt for a few days.
5 I .................................................. (lie)! It's true! I did see Madonna at the supermarket.
6 Josh .................................................. (always / use) my bike! It's so annoying.
7 We .................................................. (have) lunch, but I can come round and help you later.
8 .................................................. (you I play) music up there? It's really noisy!
[£] Rewrite correctly. Change the words or phrases in bold.
1 Are top musicians studying for many years? ................................................................................................... ..
2 What's going on? I hope you don't touch my things! ........................................................................................... ..
3 It's a small business, so each person is doing lots of different jobs ............................................................. .
4 Does Christine listen to the radio, or is that the TV I can hear? .................................................................. .
5 I am usually buying a special ticket each week for the bus because it's cheaper ................................. .
6 Our washing machine is starting when you press this button ......................................................................... ..
7 How's the match going? Does our team win? ..................................................................................................... ..
8 Many people are enjoying spending time on the beach on holiday ............................................................... .. 7 Unit 1 Grammar
[Q] Circle the correct word or phrase.
1 I work/ am working at the local library for the summer.
2 We don't go I aren't going to the theatre very often.
3 Stacy gets / is getting ready for school, so she can't come to the phone.
4 Does Gary ever talk / Is Gary ever talking about his expedition to the Amazon jungle?
5 In squash, you hit / are hitting a ball against a wall.
6 I read I am reading a newspaper at least once a week.
7 Do you practise / Are you practising the piano for two hours every day?
8 Nadine and Claire do / are doing quite well at school at the moment.
9 A good friend knows / is knowing when you're upset about something.
10 How do you spell / are you spelling your name?
Complete using the correct present simple or present continuous form of the
verbs in the box. You may have to use some negative forms.
belong • do • have • help • hold • move • use • watch
1 In Monopoly, you .................................................. around the board, buying houses and hotels.
2 .......................... you .......................... this programme or can I turn the TV off?
3 Regular exercise .................................................. you to stay healthy.
4 I .................................................. my brother's guitar until I get a new one.
5 .......................... Simon always .......................... the washing-up after lunch? . .
6 .......................... you .......................... any t swea ers in a I arger ? size.
7 You .................................................. the kite right. Let me show you.
8 Dad .................................................. to the local astronomy club.
[£] Underline ten verbs in the wrong tense and rewrite them correctly.
'One game I am loving is backgammon.You are throwing the dice and then you move
your pieces around the board. It is seeming quite easy, but in fact you are needing to be
quite careful. When your piece lands on one of the other person's pieces, you are taking
it off the board and you send it back to the beginning.You are winning by getting all your
pieces to the end and off the board. Some people are preferring chess, but I am not
understanding that game. Right now, I wait to have a game with my brother. He does his
homework. I usually win, so I think he doesn't want to play a game with me!'
1 ................................................. .
4 ................................................. .
7 ................................................ .. 2 5 8
3 ................................................ ..
6 ................................................. .
9 ................................................. .
10 ................................................. . 8 Grammar
Past simple, past continuous, used to Past simple statement negative question Vyou/he/she/iVwe/they Vyou/he/she/iVwe/they
Did Vyou/he/she/iVwe/they played ...
did not (didn't} play ... play ... ? Use Example Helpful hints Completed actions
I saw the new James Bond film yesterday. The past simple is often used with the following words and Repeated actions in the past
I went to the theatre four times last month. phrases: General truths about the past
Fifty years ago, people didn't spend as • yesterday
much on entertainment as they do today.
• last week/summer/year/etc Main events in a story
Josh pushed the door open and looked • in January/2001/etc inside the room.
• an hour/a week/a year ago
@some verbs have irregular past simple forms. See page 182. statement negative question
I/he/she/it was playing . .
I/he/she/it was not (wasn't} playing ...
Was I/he/she/it playing? ..... ...s
........ You/we/they were playing...
You/we/they were not (weren't} playing ...
Were you/we/they playing? Use Example Helpful hints Actions happening at a
At nine o'clock last night, I was watching TV. The past continuous is often moment in the past used with the following words Two actions in progress
I was reading a book while you were doing and phrases: at the same time the washing-up. • at that moment Background information
It was raining so Wendy decided to go to the
• at one/two/etc o'clock in a story cinema. • while �
'V!:!l • When one action in the past happens in the middle of another, we use the past simple and the past continuous together.
✓ The phone rang while I was watching a DVD.
• We do not use the past continuous for regular or repeated actions in the past.
x Last )'ear, I was going to the ciRerna every weelwRd. used to
used to + bare infinitive statement negative question Vyou/he/she/iVwe/they
Vyou/he/she/iVwe/they never used to . . .
Did Vyou/he/she/iVwe/they used to ... use to ... ?
Vyou/he/she/iVwe/they didn't use to .. . Use Example
Distant past habits and states
When I was four, I used to eat ice cream every day. 9 Unit 2 Grammar
Complete using the correct past simple form of the verbs in the box. You may have
to use some negative forms.
come • give • go • have • know • make • send • take
1 I got to the post office just before it closed and ................................................ the letter.
2 We invited Stephanie to the party, but she ................................................ .
3 Jack lost his job because he ................................................ too many mistakes.
4 Everyone ................................................ that it was Bill's fault, but nobody said anything.
5 Karen ................................................ the keys from the kitchen table and ran out the door.
6 I was bored, so Mum ................................................ me some money to go shopping.
7 Do you remember the time we ................................................ to India on holiday?
8 It started raining, but luckily I ................................................ an umbrella in my bag.
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the past simple. yesterday last night
1 I don't want to go and see the film because r.���1)� •• ���.� •. ��.�t ...................................... .
2 I don't need a football because ................................................................................................... .
3 I know a lot about Paris because ............................................................................................... .
4 I don't need to worry about my homework because .......................................................... .
5 I haven't got a PlayStation any more because ...................................................................... .
6 Mum is angry with me because .................................................................................................. .
[£] Complete using the correct past continuous form of the verbs in brackets.
1 Ted ................................................ (play) his guitar at half past seven.
2 At midnight, I ................................................ (sleep), but Jane ................................................ (listen) to music.
3 Luke ................................................ (stand) outside the bank when suddenly two robbers ran past him.
4 I know Doug ................................................ (work) late at the office because I saw him when
I ................................................ (leave).
5 .......................... you .......................... (have) a shower when the earthquake happened?
6 Penny ................................................ (run) to catch the bus when she slipped and fell.
7 When you saw Eugene .......................... he .......................... (go) home?
8 At midnight? Erm ... we ................................................ (watch) a DVD, I think.
Past simple, past continuous, used to Unit 2
[Q] Circle the correct word or phrase.
1 When we were in Canada, we went I were going skiing almost every day.
2 About four years ago, I decided / was deciding to become a chef.
3 Georgia had / was having a shower when someone knocked at the door.
4 Holly and I ran from the house to the taxi because it rained / was raining heavily.
5 Two men argued / were arguing outside, so I went to see what was happening.
6 Daniel called / was calling you at one o'clock yesterday, but you were here with me.
7 We ate I were eating breakfast when a letter came through the letter box.
8 As I walked past the window, I saw that Paula made/ was making a cake.
9 I dreamt/ was dreaming about my favourite band when the alarm clock went off.
10 While I practised / was practising the trumpet late last night, a neighbour came to complain.
Complete using the correct past simple or past continuous form of the verbs in the box.
answer • be • continue • get • go • have • open • practise • put
ring • say • shine • sing • wake Amber's Big Match
One morning, Amber (1) ................................................ up early. The sun (2) ................................................ and the
birds (3) ................................................ . Amber (4) ................................................ very excited because it was the day of the big tennis match.
Amber (5) ................................................ downstairs and into the kitchen, where her father
(6) ................................................ breakfast.
'Morning, Amber. Today's the day!' he (7) ................................................ . Amber smiled nervously. 'Don't worry!'
he (8) ................................................ . 'You'll be fine.'
Amber (9) ................................................ some toast into the toaster and (10) ................................................ the
fridge. Just as she (11) ................................................ the butter out, the phone (12) ................................................ .
Her father (13) ................................................ it. After a few minutes, he put the phone down.
'Bad news, I'm afraid. The other player (14) ................................................ yesterday when she had an accident. The match is off.'
Amber ate her toast slowly. She was surprised she didn't feel disappointed.
Complete using the correct form of used to. You may have to use some negative forms.
1 When I was younger, I ................................................ eat pizza almost every day!
2 .......................... there .......................... be a supermarket on the corner?
3 Bradley is a teacher, but he ................................................ want to be a train driver.
4 I ....................................................... like eating cabbage, but now I love it!
5 .......................... Rick .......................... have blond hair when he was a little boy?
6 I know Lily ....................................................... cook much, but now I think she makes dinner every day. 11 " �� - Vocabulary Fun and games •li•M!ll•IIID see page 184 for definitions beat (v) concert (n) organise (v) 11 board game (n phr) defeat (v, n) pleasure (n) Ii captain (n) entertaining (adj) referee (n) '. challenge (v, n) folk music (n phr) rhythm (n) ! champion (n) group (n) risk (v, n) cheat (v) gym (n) score (v, n) classical music (n phr) have fun (v phr) support (v, n) club (n) interest (v, n) team (n) coach (n) member (n) train (v) competition (n) opponent (n) video game (n phr) - - 0 Phrasal verbs 0 Prepositional phrases carry on continue for a long time eat out i eat at a restaurant for fun I; give up
stop doing sth you do regularly in the middle (of) :1 join in participate, take part in time (for) send off
make a player leave a game (eg, football) on CD/DVD/video take up start (a hobby, sport, etc) on stage
turn down lower the volume of turn up increase the volume of [1 0 Word formation act action, (in)active, actor hero heroic, heroine athlete athletic, athletics
music musical, musician child children, childhood play pl�er, playful collect collection, collector sail sailing, sailor
entertain entertainment sing
sang, sung, song, singer, singing - 0 Word patterns adjectives bored with verbs feel like crazy about listen to good at take part in interested in
nouns a book (by sb) about keen on a fan of popular with a game against 12 Fun and games Unit 3 Topic vocabulary
II] Complete the crossword. J _..___,_3 _J_ Across
1 If he wins this match, he'll be the world ......................... ! (8)
4 I'm thinking of joining a ......................... to get more exercise. (3)
5 Our basketball ......................... said that I can play on Saturday! (5)
8 The ......................... blew his whistle and the game started. (7)
9 Which team do you ......................... ? (7)
11 Mark's band play traditional ......................... music - they often 10
perform at country fairs and festivals. (4) Down
2 I'm sorry, but you have to be a ......................... of the golf club to play here. (6) 11
3 My ......................... was a brilliant player and I didn't manage to win the match. (8)
6 Tom is really good at cards. He would never ......................... ! (5)
7 Lisa's ......................... has just reached number one with their new song! (5)
10 I took a big ......................... by doing the parachute jump, but I loved every second of it! (4)
� Complete using the correct form of the words and phrases in the box.
beat • challenge • have fun • interest • organise • score • train
Do you dream of (1) .................................................. the winning goal in a football match,
or (2) .................................................. a top tennis player? Sport (3) ................................................ ..
most young people, and it's a great way to stay healthy and (4) ............................................... ..
at the same time. That's why the local council has decided to help young people who
want to (5) .................................................. their own sports club. We know it's a big
(6) .................................................. , and that's why we'll give you the money you need to get
started. We' ll help you find a place to (7) .................................................. and give you money
to find good players in your area. Contact the Town Hall for details.
@] Circle the correct word.
1 I really like playing board / video games like Monopoly and Cluedo.
2 Roy was the best player, so he wasn't surprised when he became captain / club of the team.
3 Lots of people get defeat/ pleasure from just watching sport from their armchairs.
4 I thought the music at the concert/ rhythm we went to last night was great.
5 Everyone in my family supports the same competition/ team.
6 I find classical / entertaining music really boring, and I prefer pop. 13 Unit 3 Vocabulary Phrasal verbs
[QJ Choose the correct answer.
1 You should take ......................... a sport and then you would get more exercise. A off B up C down
2 I'm trying to work! Could you please turn your music ......................... ? A down B in C out
3 Just ask and I'm sure the other children will let you join ......................... . A out B up C in
4 The referee sent David ......................... for arguing with him. A off B down C up
5 This is my favourite song! Turn it ......................... ! A off B out C up
6 A mobile phone rang, but the musician just carried ......................... playing. A on B up C in
7 We can't afford to eat ......................... very often. A off B up C out
8 I've decided to become a vegetarian and give ......................... meat. A up B off C out Prepositional phrases
I!] Write one word in each gap.
1 We were waiting outside the stadium ......................... a long time before they finally let us in.
2 I've got that concert ......................... DVD -it's fantastic!
3 I ran all the way home and I was just ......................... time for my favourite programme.
4 Everyone clapped when the singer came ......................... stage.
5 At the cinema, Mum sat on the right, Dad sat on the left and I sat ......................... the middle.
6 Ed doesn't want to become a professional footballer. He just does it ......................... fun. Word formation
[I] Complete by changing the form of the word in capitals when this is necessary.
1 What's the name of that .................................................. you were singing earlier? SING
2 I started to learn the piano, but I don't think I've got much .................................................. talent, to be honest. MUSIC
3 My dad used to be really fit and was on his college .................................................. team. ATHLETE
4 When you were young, did you ever play in the street with other local .................................................. ? CHILD
5 Alan is studying to be an .................................................. , but I don't think he's enjoying it. ACT
6 They have a wonderful .................................................. of old toys at the museum in town . COLLECT
7 My grandad loves to .................................................. and we often go out on his boat. SAIL
8 You have to practise a lot if you want to work as a ................................................... MUSIC 14 Fun and games Unit 3
Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in
the gap in the same line. ■l The need to play ' . . ► ■!■\■1
: Why are kittens such (1) .................................................. animals? They love chasing a PLAY
Y ball or a piece of wool, and they always play in a very (2) .................................................. ATHLETE
way. But why? All of a kitten's (3) .................................................. when playing are, in ACT
fact, important for the future. It might look like (4) .................................................. , but ENTERTAIN
the kitten is practising its hunting skills. That (5) .................................................. jump HERO
onto a toy teaches the kitten a lot. Think about your own (6) .................................................. CHILD
and you'll see that you learnt a lot through play. Word patterns
E] Write one word in each gap.
Diana: Hello, is that Jenny? I'm bored (1) ......................... watching TV and I felt
(2) ......................... a chat. What are you doing?
Jenny: Hi, Diana. Well, I'm reading a book (3) ......................... a Russian writer. It's
(4) ......................... how to become a great actor.
Diana: Really? Oh, I'm really interested (5) ......................... acting. Tell me about it.
Jenny: He says it takes a long time to get good (6) ......................... acting.To become
popular (7) ......................... the public, you need to really understand people.
Diana: That sounds just like me! Tell me more. What else does he say?
I) Each of the words in bold is wrong. Write the correct word.
1 I'm completely crazy with skateboarding! I love it!
2 In my free time I listen on music on CD or on the radio.
3 Elsa isn't very keen for this group, but they're one of my favourites.
4 Next week we've got a game to a team from Hungary.
5 Is that Kylie? Oh, I'm a really big fan from hers.
6 I was really scared when I took part to the singing competition last year. 15 1
Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in
the gap in the same line. Collecting records
These days, most of us have a CD (1) ................................................ . Before the CD, COLLECT
(2) ................................................ made LPs, or 'long-playing' records. Although many SING
(3) ................................................ have never seen an LP, they were once very popular. CHILD
To play these records, you needed a record (4) ................................................ with a PLAY
needle that ran along the record and produced the sound. Some
(5) ................................................ say the sound of LPs was better than CDs - and MUSIC
many (6) ................................................ agree! LPs are no longer very popular as a COLLECT
form of (7) ................................................ , but many people buy and sell them. Some ENTERTAIN
of them remember the LP from their (8) ................................................ and listening to CHILD
records reminds them of the past. (1 mark per answer)
Complete using the correct form of the verbs in the box. You have to use one word twice.
carry • eat • give • join • send • take • turn
9 Now, everyone knows this song, so I want you all to ................................................ in with me!
10 It's so noisy in this restaurant. Could you ask them to ................................................ the music down?
11 There was a fight during the match and the referee ................................................ two players off.
12 We ................................................ out about once a week and we cook at home the rest of the time.
13 I love this song! ................................................ it up!
14 I used to play the trumpet, but I ................................................ up last year because I didn't have time.
15 We stopped playing because of the rain, but when it stopped we ................................................ on.
16 A good way of getting more exercise is to ................................................ up a sport, like basketball. (1 mark per answer)
Complete each second sentence using the word given, so that it has a similar
meaning to the first sentence. Write between two and five words.
17 Jack really likes football and never misses a match. crazy
Jack .......................................................................... football and never misses a match.
18 My uncle worked on a sailing boat until he was thirty. was
My uncle .......................................................................... until he was thirty.
19 Do you want to watch TV? feel
Do you .......................................................................... TV?
20 John participated in a swimming competition last week. part
John .......................................................................... in a swimming competition last week. 16
Units 1, 2 and 3 Review 1
21 June and I had a game of tennis. against
I had .......................................................................... June.
22 I played chess almost every day when I was young. used
I .......................................................................... chess almost every day when I was young.
23 Volleyball doesn't really interest me. in
I'm not .......................................................................... volleyball.
24 I enjoyed myself at your birthday party. fun
I .......................................................................... at your birthday party.
25 Young children like Disneyland. popular
Disneyland .......................................................................... young children.
26 Karen doesn't like watching sport on TV. keen
Karen .......................................................................... watching sport on TV. (2 marks per answer)
[QJ Choose the correct answer.
27 When you rang, I .......................... my bike.
31 I broke my leg when Tony and I ......................... . A cleaned C used to clean for the school sports day. B was cleaning D clean A practised C were practising B used to practise D are practising
28 At my last basketball club, we ........................ ..
every Saturday for three hours.
32 Leon never .......................... about it, but he was A were training C train once a world champion skier. B training D used to train A talks C was talking 29 B is talking D talk
I really .......................... the meal we had at your house last Tuesday.
33 I .......................... like golf, but now I really like it. A was liking C like A don't use to C didn't used to B liked D am liking B don't used to D didn't use to
30 We .......................... to the beach every day when 34 Denise .......................... at the stadium until she we were on holiday. finds a better job. A went C go A works C used to work B were going D used to going Bis working D was working (1 mark per answer)
@I Match the two halves of the sentences.
35 I waited outside the tennis club for
A fun, and I don't want to do it as a job. 36 When you rang, I was in
B stage, with all the audience clapping.
37 We finally got to the stadium just in
C time to see the match start. 38 I just play football for
D a long time, but George didn't appear.
39 I loved that film and when it comes out
E on DVD, I'll definitely get it. 40 It's great to appear on
F the middle of cleaning my football boots. (1 mark per answer)
Total mark: ....... ./50 17 Grammar
Present perfect simple, present perfect continuou Present perfect simple
have/has + past participle • statement negative question
Vyou/we/they have ('ve) learnt ... Vyou/we/they have not (haven't) learnt.. . Have Vyou/we/they learnt . Use Example Helpful hints Situations that started
Mrs Jenkins has been The present perfect simple is often used with the following in the past and are still the head teacher words and phrases: true for three years. • for
She's taught German here for over five year5 Completed actions at a
I've already read that • since
Mr Gray has taught French here since 2006.
time in the past which is book. • just
We've just done this exercise. not mentioned • already
We've already done this exercise.
Completed actions where They've all done their • yet
We haven't checked the answers yet.
the important thing is the homework. • ever
Have you ever had guitar lessons? result now • never
I've never understood why they give us so much homework! • it's the
It's the first time we've watched a video in first time class.
Q • We don't use the present perfect simple when we want to say when something happened in
\,t9 the past. We use the past simple.
✓I did my homework last night.
• We don't use the past simple when we want to show that something happened before now or is still
important now. We use the present perfect simple.
✓I've finished! Can I go home now?
• Some verbs have irregular past participle forms. See page 182. ��---- Present perfect continuous
have/has + been + -ing • statement negative question
Vyou/we/they have ('ve)
I/you/we/they have not (haven't)
Have Vyou/we/they been been studying . . .
been studying . . .
studying . . . ?
He/she/it has('s) been studying ... He/she/it has not(hasn't)been studying ... Has he/she/it been studying .. Use Example Helpful hints
Actions continuing We've been doing grammar
The present perfect continuous is often used with the up to now or just
exercises for over an hour. following words: before now
Can we have a break now?
• for I've been learning English for over three years.
They're having a break now because • since He's been learning Chinese since 2004.
they've been working so hard.
• just I've just been reading the school newspaper.
Q • The present perfect simple often emphasises the result of an action:
\t9 ✓She's written an article for the school newspaper. ( = She's finished it.)
• The present perfect continuous often emphasises the action, and the time spent on the action, rather than the result:
✓ She's been writing an article for the school newspaper. ( = She's started, but she hasn't finished it yet.) 18
Present perfect simple, present perfect continuous Unit 4 --------- --· -
0j Complete using the correct present perfect simple form of the verbs in brackets.
1 I ................................................ (see) this film already.
2 John and Julie ................................................ (had) their car for about a year.
3 She ................................................ (not / take) her driving test yet.
4 Sue ................................................ (be) a tour guide since she left university.
5 ................................................ (you I ride) into town on your new bike yet?
6 This new computer ................................................ (make) my life a lot easier.
7 We ................................................ (not I decide) what to get Mark for his birthday yet.
8 ................................................ (Paul / ever / meet) a famous person?
[[}J Choose the correct answer.
1 .......................... never played this game before.
5 It's the first time .......................... our flat, isn't it? A I've BI A you've visited B you visited
2 Adam .......................... his room last night.
6 They .......................... the baby a name yet. A has tidied B tidied A haven't given B didn't give
3 .......................... here since 2005?
7 .......................... to New York when you went to A Have you lived B Did you live the States last summer? A Have you been B Did you go
4 Carol and I .......................... to the cinema three nights ago.
8 .......................... an e-mail before? A have been B went
A Have you ever sent B Did you ever send
Look at the picture and use the prompts to write sentences. Use the correct
form of the present perfect simple. 1 lesson / not/ start/ yet
2 teacher/ already/ write / on the board
3 Joe and Tim /just/ come / into the classroom
4 Tony/ not/ finished / getting / books ready
6 Dave / drop / pen / on the floor
5 Christine / already/ open / book 7 he / not / pick it up / yet 19 Unit 4 Grammar
Complete using the correct present perfect continuous form of the verbs in
brackets. Use short forms where possible.
Mandy: Hi Matt. How are you?°What (1) ..... : ................................ , ......... (you I dofreeently?
Matt: Oh, hi Mandy! Well, (2) .......... : ..................................... (I / study) for my exams.· '= ·
Mandy: That sounds boring! (3) ....... : .............. , ......................... (you I wor-k) hard? :
Matt: Very! Basically, (4) ··········:: .................................... (I / just I sit) at my desk 111. my bedroom for
the past three·weeks and (5) ............... , ................................ (.I / not-/ go) out at all: .
(6) ....... : ............. : .................. : ....... (I / work) with Michael, my best friend, some of·the time,
though, so at least I've had some company. How about you?
Mandy: Well, my. mum and (7) ....................... .' ........................ (I / paint} my bedroom for the last tew days.
That has been fun! And (8) : ............ .-.................................. (we / al'so I plan) our summer ho1iday.
Matt: Great! Where are you going?
Mandy: Well, we haven't decided yet. (9) .......................... _ ...................... (We I look) at different places to see which we like best.
Matt: · I'm sure you'll have a great time, wherever you go. Oh, by the way,
(10) .... : ............ ,: ..................... . ...... (11 think) of having a party when I finisti niy exams. Would you like to come?
Mandy: Sure! That wOuld be great!:
[I] Circle the correct word or phrase.
1 I think I've heard I been hearing that song before.
2 They haven't arrived I been arriving yet, but they should be here soon.
3 You've written I been writing that e-mail for over an hour. How long is it going to take you?
4 Have you talked / been talking on the phone since eight o'clock?
5 Jo has already invited I been inviting Shirley to dinner.
6 I've read / been reading an interview with Brad Pitt, but I haven't finished it yet.
7 Have the boys played / been playing computer games since this morning?
[rJ Complete using the words in the box.
already • ever • for • just • never • since • yet
1 I haven't listened to their new CD .......................... . Is it any good?
2 We've been waiting for you .......................... over an hour. Where have you been?
3 Have you .......................... been to the UK before?
4 I'm afraid we've .......................... made plans for this weekend, so we won't be free.
5 Pedro has been having English lessons .......................... he was five years old.
6 It's strange that you mention the film Crash. I've .......................... been reading about it in the paper.
7 I've .......................... heard of a 'sudoku'. What is it? 20 Grammar
Past perfect simple, past perfect continuous Past perfect simple had + past participle • statement negative question
Vyou/he/she/iVwe/they had ('d} Vyou/he/she/iVwe/they had not (hadn't} Had Vyou/he/she/iVwe/they written . . . written ... written ... ? Use Example Helpful hints Actions and states
I'd finished my homework
The past perfect simple is often used with the following before a moment in
a few minutes before the words and phrases: the past lesson started. • by
I'd finished my homework by eight
Mrs Cross had been a o'clock.
teacher for twenty years • by the time
By the time I got to class, the lesson
before she became a head had started. teacher. • before
The teacher had checked the answers
before the lesson. Finished actions and We were happy because I left states where the
we'd all done our • after
after I'd finished the test.
important thing is the homework. • just
Simon had just finished the test when result at a moment in the bell rang. the past • when
I left when I'd finished the test.
� • Whether we use the past simple or the past perfect simple can change the meaning of a sentence.
\f:9 ✓ The lesson started when I arrived. (=I arrived and then the lesson started.)
✓ The lesson had started when I arrived. ( = The lesson started and then I arrived.)
• Some verbs have irregular past participle forms. See page 182. Past perfect continuous
had + been + -ing • statement negative question
Vyou/he/she/iVwe/they had ('d}
Vyou/he/she/iVwe/they had not (hadn't} Had Vyou/he/she/iVwe/they
been writing ...
been writing ...
been writing ... ? Use Example Helpful hints Actions continuing
We'd been doing grammar
The past perfect continuous is often used with the up to, or stopping
exercises for over an hour, so following words and phrases: just before, a we were really bored! • for
Tony had been studying for hours, moment in the past
They had a break because so he had a headache.
they'd been working so hard. • since
She'd been hoping to win the
competition since the summer. • before
We'd been talking about the
Internet before the lesson started.
• all day/nighVetc I'd been studying all day.
• The past perfect simple often emphasises the result of an action:
✓ She'd written an article for the school newspaper. ( = She'd finished it.)
• The past perfect continuous often emphasises the action, and the time spent on the action, rather than the result:
✓ She'd been writing an article for the newspaper. ( = She'd started, but she hadn't finished it.) Unit 5 Grammar
� Complete using the correct past perfect simple form of the verbs in brackets.
1 By the time I arrived, everyone ................................................ (leave)!
2 Steve ................................................ (already I see) the film, so he didn't come with us to the cinema.
3 Tina ................................................ (not/ finish) doing the housework by seven o'clock, so she called
Andrea to tell her she would be late.
4 ................................................ (you / just / speak) to Billy when I rang?
5 The car broke down just after ................................................ (we/ set off).
6 I didn't eat anything at the party because ................................................ (I / already / eat) at home.
7 ................................................ (you I hear) about the accident before you saw it on TV?
I]] Choose the sentence (A or B) which means the same as the first sentence.
1 We'd had dinner when Wendy arrived.
5 Mr Banks hadn't arrived at the office by the
A Wendy arrived and then we had dinner. time I got there.
B We had dinner and then Wendy arrived. A I arrived before Mr Banks. 2 B Mr Banks arrived before me.
I read the book after I'd seen the film.
A I saw the film and then I read the book.
6 They'd bought the plane tickets before they
B I read the book and then I saw the film.
heard about the cheaper flight.
A They bought the plane tickets and later
3 By the time Dad came home, I'd gone to bed.
they heard about the cheaper flight.
A I went to bed before Dad came home.
B They heard about the cheaper flight and
B I went to bed after Dad came home.
then they bought the plane tickets.
4 She didn't go to bed until her mum had come 7 The girls had tidied the house when the home. visitors arrived.
A She went to bed and then her mum came
A The visitors arrived and later the girls home. tidied the house.
B Her mum came home and then she went to
B The girls tidied the house and then the bed. visitors arrived.
@] Write sentences using the prompts. One of the verbs must be in the past perfect simple.
1 we /just/ hear/ the news / when / you / ring
2 I / already/ think of/ that/ before / you / suggest/ it
3 when / I / turn on / the TV/ the programme / already/ start
4 she / be / hungry/ because / she / not/ eat/ anything / all day
5 by the time/ I leave / school / I / decide / to become / a musician 22
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