Exam Review Môn Tiếng anh cơ bản 1 | Đại học Tài chính - Ngân hàng Hà Nội

lOMoAR cPSD| 60692662 READING PAPER 1
Time permitted: 60 minutes
Number of questions: 40
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Directions:In this section you will read FOUR different passages. Each
one is followed by 10 questions about it. For questions 1-40, you are to
choose the best answer A, B, C or D, to each question. Then, on your
answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that
corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Answer all
questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.
You have 60 minutes to answer all the questions, including the time to
transfer your answers to the answer sheet.
PASSAGE 1 – Questions 1-10
Hong Kong is the name of an island off the coast of mainland China. The
biggest and most important city on Hong Kong is Vitoria, but not many
people use this name. People usually call the city Hong Kong too. Even
though Hong Kong is small, only about 1000 square kilometers, around
seven million people live there today. Hong Kong has a very interesting
history. Many years ago the island of Hong Kong belonged to China and
now it belongs to China again. However, for more than 150 years, Hong
Kong was ruled by the British.
Hong Kong has a very good port and in the middle of the 19th century, lOMoAR cPSD| 60692662
British ships often stopped there. They came to China to trade. However,
in 1839 a war began between China and Britain which continued for three
years. In 1842 the Chinese and the British held a meeting which ended the
war. At the meeting, the island of Hong Kong was given to Britain. Fifty
years later, 1898, China gave the area around Hong Kong to the British
for 99 years. In 1997 the British returned Hong Kong to China but it was
a very different place from the deserted island of 150 years ago.
Not many people lived in Hong Kong when it was first given to Britain.
Most of the people were Chinese farmers and fishermen and soon more
Chinese arrived. Some of them left China because they could not find
work there and others came to Hong Kong when there was a war in China.
All of these people came to find a better life for themselves and their
children. Beside the Chinese, many other people came. They came from
India, Britain, Holland and many other countries. After some years they
began to think of Hong Kong as their home and they began to work hard
for their new home. They too wanted to make a better life for their families.
People began to build factories and many kinds of things were produced
such as clothes, medicines, machines and radios. These things were not
only sold in Hong Kong but also to many other countries. Hong Kong
soon became famous as a world centre for buying and selling, and it has
continued to get stronger and stronger.
7A In 1997, When Britain returned Hong Kong to China, there were many
differences between the Hong Kong way of life and the Chinese way of
life and people thought there might be some problems. 7B Many people lOMoAR cPSD| 60692662
from Hong Kong didn’t want to live by the Chinese rules. 7CMeetings
between the leaders of both countries were held and it was decided that
Hong Kong would be ruled by “One country, two systems”. 7D
Today, Hong Kong is a world centre for trade and banking. There are
world famous universities teaching in both English and in the Chinese
language of Cantonese. The port is one the the finest in the world and the
beautiful city of Victoria is built surrounding hills. For the visistor Hong
Kong offers both East and West. You can go shopping, try food from many
different countries, visit interesting places, and have a great time.
1. What does “this” in paragraph 1 refers to A. Hong Kong B. Victoria C. city D. the coast
2. There was a meeting between Britain and China because A.
They were fighting each other.
B. Britain wanted to buy Hong Kong.
C. China and Britain were friends.
D. China and Britain wanted to attack Hong Kong.
3. The word “deserted” in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by lOMoAR cPSD| 60692662 A. crowded B. rich C. poor D. abandoned
4. The main idea of the third paragraph is
A. How Hong Kong became a colony of Britain
B. Why Britain wanted Hong Kong
C. When China gave Hong Kong to Britain
D. Why Britain returned Hong Kong to China.
5. Before the British came to Hong Kong, A.
there were many Chinese universities.
B. there were only a few English schools.
C. there were many English schools.
D.There were a few people living on the island.
6. What does the author imply when stating “one country, two systems”?
A. Hong Kong is not ruled by China because it has different way of life.
B. Hong Kong still belongs to Britain, but follows Chinese way of life.
C. Hong Kong is a part of China, but has its own way of life.
D. Hong Kong does not want to be a part of China.
7. Look at paragraph 5, where the following sentence can be added? lOMoAR cPSD| 60692662
This meant that Hong Kong people could continue to live in the way
that they had, while being a part of of China. A. 7A B. 7B C. 7C D. 7D
8. How is the information in the passage organized? A. in order of importance B. in order of space C. in chronological order D. causes and effects
9. In what paragaph does the author mention the jobs people in
Hong Kong were mainly doing when it started to be an official
colony of Britain? A. Paragraph 1 B. Paragaph 2 C. Paragraph 3 D. Paragraph 4
10. What is the main purpose of the author when writing this passage?
A. To explain why Hong Kong didn’t want to become a part of China
B. To help the readers understand more about the history of Hong Kong
C. To persuade foreigners to visit Hong Kong
D. To explain why Hong Kong is a powerful island lOMoAR cPSD| 60692662
PASSAGE 2 - Questions 11 –20
Constellations are patterns of stars in the sky. Over many thousands of
years, human beings living on the Earth have looked up and seen the
shapes of people, animals and everyday objects - they 'joined the dots' of
the stars to form patterns in the sky. They gave these shapes names, some
of which we still use today. But why did they bother with constellations
at all? One reason is that having constellations makes it easier to find your
way around the sky. This is useful for finding north, or working out the
date or the time. When there were no compasses, clocks or watches, this was all very important.
There is another reason why constellations were so important. Imagine
going back to a time before paper and pencil had been invented. Life was
sparse. If you wanted to draw a picture, you had to scratch it out on a dark
cave wall or write it in sand that could blow away. But at night an amazing
pattern of bright specks of light would appear above your head. By joining
the dots you could see almost any picture you wanted. You could imagine
seeing your favourite shapes in the sky. You might tell others about the
constellations you have made up. They might tell others, and your
constellation could be passed down from generation to generation for
hundreds or even thousands of years. This is how many of the
constellations got the names we use.
You don't see exactly the same part of the sky every night, though between
one night and the next you won't see much of a difference. Over a few
weeks you'll definitely notice that you can see some constellations that
you couldn't see before and some constellations that you could see aren't
there any more. This is because the Earth is moving around the Sun. As
the Earth moves round in its orbit, the night side of the Earth (the side lOMoAR cPSD| 60692662
facing away from the Sun) faces out to different parts of space, where
there are different constellations.
This means that you see different constellations in different seasons. Orion
and Taurus are (Northern Hemisphere) winter constellations, because you
can see them on winter evenings. Cygnus and Scorpius are (Northern
Hemisphere) summer constellations, because you can see them on summer evenings.
So who made up the constellations and their names? The earliest people
on the Earth were hunters and gatherers. They looked up into the sky and
saw shapes that were important to them - like Orion the
Hunter. Much later in human history, English farmers looked up into the
sky and saw the shape of a Plough. Russian peasants, looking at the same
group of stars, called it Ursa Major or The Great Bear. People in France
called it Le Casserole meaning the Saucepan. People in the USA called it
The Big Dipper meaning a soup ladle. All of these different names are
used today. The only people who have decided on one set of names for
the constellations are the astronomers. For example, they always call the
Plough 'Ursa Major', and never any of the other names.
They had to do this so that they all knew what other astronomers across the world were talking about.
The stars in a constellation have nothing to do with each other; they can
be very, very far apart, even if they appear to be right next to each other lOMoAR cPSD| 60692662
in the sky. Imagine looking up while standing in a street. You might see
your hand next to a street light, which is next to the Moon, which is next
to a planet, which is next to a star. All of these things are far away from
each other, yet they can be next to each other when you look at them.
If you like, you can look up into the sky, join the dots and make up your
own constellations. Tell other people about your constellations. Maybe
one day people all around the world will be using one of your constellation names!
11. What use for constellations is NOT mentioned in the opening paragraphs?
A. To help people find their way
B. To understand the origins of life in the universe C. To provide entertainment
D. To allow people to orientate themselves
12. What is the best meaning of the word "sparse" in the second paragraph? A. rare B. boring C. difficult D. tough
13. Why do constellations change in the sky from month to month?
A. Because of passing fashions lOMoAR cPSD| 60692662 B. Because of the weather
C. Because of the Earth's movements
D. Because stars are always moving
14. What is the best meaning of the phrase "made up" in the fourth paragraph? A. decided B. looked into C. worked out D. discovered
15. What is the best meaning of the phrase "peasants" in paragraph 5? A. workers B. hunters C. gatherers D. farmers
16. Why do astronomers call the constellation 'Ursa Major' by this name?
A. To ease international communication
B. Because the Russians insisted
C. Because Russia provides much of the finance for these organisations
D. They decided that's what it most looks like
17. What point is being made in the penultimate paragraph? lOMoAR cPSD| 60692662
A. Stars used to be closer together
B. The stars look different depending on where you are standing
C. You won't see stars well under street lights
D. Perspective makes stars seem closer
18. In which paragraph does the writer state examples of
differentconstellations in different seasons? A. Paragraph 2 B. Paragraph 3 C. Paragraph 4 D. Paragraph 5
19. Where would you most likely find this text? A. A scholarly publication B. A newspaper C. A children's encyclopedia D. A political leaflet
20. What is the purpose of the writer when writing this text?
A. To explain why people can see different constellations in different seasons
B. To explain why constellations are so important to people
C. To help readers know more about patterns of stars on the sky
D. To describe a phenomenon on the sky lOMoAR cPSD| 60692662
PASSAGE 3 - Questions 21–30
The discoveries of the white dwarf, the neutron star, and the black hole,
coming well after the discovery of the red giant are among the most
exciting developments in decades because they may be well present
physicists with their greatest challenge since thefailure of classical
mechanics. In the life cycle of the star, after all of the hydrogen and helium
fuel has been burned, the delicate balance between the outer nuclear
radiation, pressure and the stable gravitational force becomes disturbed
and slow contraction begins. As compression increases, a very dense
plasma forms. If the initial star had mass of less than 1.4 solar masses (1.4
times the mass of our sun), the process ceases at the density of 1,000 tons
per cubic inch, and the star becomes the white dwarf. However, if the star
was originally more massive, the white dwarf plasma can’t resist the
gravitations pressures, and in rapid collapse, all nuclear of the star are
converted to a gas of free neutrons. Gravitational attraction compresses
this neutron gas rapidly until a density of 10 tons per cubic inch is reached;
at this point the strong nuclear force resists further contraction. If the
mass of the star was between 1.4 and a few solar masses, the process stops
here, and we have a neutron star. But if the original star was more massive
than a few solar masses, even the strong nuclear forces cannot resist the
gravitational crunch. The neutrons are forced into one another to form
heavier hadrons and these in turn coalesce to form heavier entities, of
which we as yet know nothing. At this point, a complete collapse of the
stellar mass occurs; existing theories predict a collapse to infinite density
and infinitely small dimensions Well before this, however, the surface
gravitational force would become so strong that no signal could ever leave
the star - any photon emitted would fall back under gravitational attraction
– and the star would become black hole in space. This gravitational
collapse poses a fundamental challenge to physics. When the most widely
accepted theories predict such improbable things as infinite density and
infinitely small dimensions, it simply means that we are missing some lOMoAR cPSD| 60692662
vital insight. This last happened in physics in the 1930’s, when we faced
the fundamental paradox concerning atomic structure. At that time, it was
recognized that electrons moved in table orbits about nuclei in atoms.
However, it was also recognized that if charge is accelerated, as it must
be to remain in orbit, it radiates energy; so, theoretically, the electron
would be expected eventually to spiral into the nucleus and destroy the
atom. Studies centered around this paradox led to the development of
quantum mechanics. It may well be that an equivalent advance awaits us
in investigating the theoretical problems presented by the phenomenon of gravitational collapse.
21. Which of the following things was first discovered? A. The white dwarf B. The neutron star C. The black hole D. The red giant
22. What does the word “they” in line 3 refer to? A. The white dwarf
B. The white dwarf and the neutron star
C. The white dwarf, the neutron star and the black hole
D. The white dwarf, the neutron star, the black hole and the red giant
23. The author asserts that the discoveries of the white dwarf, the
neutron star, and the black hole are significant because these discoveries
A.demonstrate the probability of infinite density and infinitely small dimensions lOMoAR cPSD| 60692662
B. pose the most comprehensive and fundamental problem faced by physicists in decades
C. clarify the paradox suggested by the collapse of electrons into atomic nuclei.
D.establish the relationship between the mass and gravitational pressure.
24. What happens when compression increases?
A. The hydrogen and helium fuel has been burned
B. The stable gravitational force becomes disturbed C. very dense plasma forms
D. The process ceases at the density of 1,000 tons per cubic inch
25. According to the passage, an imbalance arises between nuclear
radiation pressure and gravitational force in stars because
A. the density of a star increases as it ages
B. radiation pressure increases as a star increases in mass
C. radiation pressure decreases when a star’s fuel has been consumed
D. the collapse of a star increases its gravitational force.
26. According to the passage, in the final stages of its development,
our own sun is likely to take the form of a A. white dwarf B. neutron star C. red giant lOMoAR cPSD| 60692662 D. black hole
27. The phrase “at this point” in the passage refers to A. the
white dwarf plasma can’t resist the gravitations pressures.
B. all nuclear of the star are converted to a gas of free neutrons.
C. a density of 10 tons per cubic inch is reached.
D. the strong nuclear force resists further contraction.
28. The word “massive” in the passage is closest in meaning to A. Concrete B. Enormous C. Limited D. Popular
29. The author introduces the discussion of the paradox concerning
atomic structures in order to
A. show why it was necessary to develop quantum mechanics.
B. compare the structure of an atom with the structure of star.
C. demonstrate by analogy that a vital insight in astrophysics is missing.
D. illustrate the contention that improbable things do happen in astrophysics.
30. The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. offer new explanations for the collapse of stars.
B. explain the origins of black holes, neutron stars, and white dwarfs. lOMoAR cPSD| 60692662
C. compare the structure of atoms with the structure of the solar system.
D. explain how the collapse of stars challenges accepted theories of physics.
PASSAGE 4 – Questions 31-40
Minerals are naturally occuring solid substances formed by geologic
movements in the Earth. Their main defining characteristics are that 1)
they are inorganic (composed of non-living matter); 2) they have a crystal
structure; and 3) they have a unique chemical composition. The type of
mineral is determined both by its crystal structure and its chemical
composition. A crystal structure occurs when the atoms inside the mineral
are ordered in a geometric pattern that repeats itself throughout the
mineral. All crystal structures fit into one of 14 possible “lattice” – regular
pattern – arrangements of atoms, which lattices can be detected by X-rays.
A mineral’s physical traits are influenced by its crystal form. For example,
both diamond and graphite are composed of the same element (carbon),
but the former is the hardest mineral while the latter is soft. This is
because graphite’s crystal structure arranges the carbon atoms in sheets
that can slide past each other, while diamond’s carbon atoms are arrayed
in a strong, interlocking network.
Two minerals with identical crystal structures can have different chemical
compositions. Thus, halite and gelena share the same crystal structure but
are composed of different chemicals. Conversely, two minerals with the
same chemical ingredients can differ in their crystal structure. For lOMoAR cPSD| 60692662
example, pyrite and marcasite both are made of iron sufide, but the
arrangement of their atoms differs.
According to the International Mineralogical Association, 4,000 minerals
have been identified to date. Only about 150 of them are plentiful, and
about 50 are classified as “occasional”. The remainder are rarely found,
some consisting of only small grains of rock.
Minerals are often found as components of rocks, which may contain
organic matter as well. Some rocks, which consist wholly of one mineral,
such as calcite in limestone rock. Other rocks may host many minerals.
Almost all of the rocks visible today contain one or more of a group of
about 15 minerals, including quartz, mica, and felspa.
The kinds of minerals found in any given rock are determined by these
factors. First, the rock’s chemical composition must be hospitable to
particular mineral. For example, rocks containing silicon will likely
contain quartz. Second, the conditions under which the rock was formed
will influence the kinds of minerals found in the rock. Thus, rock born
from volcanic movements at high temperatures and pressures may
contain granite. Third, mineral distribution is affected by the geological
stages through which the rock passed before reaching its present state. For
example, exposure to moisture and acids may decay some minerals and
cause others to take their place. During the changes from one ecological
stage to another, the rock may disintergrate into sand or soil.
Mineralogists classify minerals according to either physical properties or
chemical composition. Minerals have numerous measurable physical
properties. Hardness is measured on the “Mohs scale”, which ranks lOMoAR cPSD| 60692662
hardness from one to 10. Any mineral can be cut or marked by a mineral
with a higher ranking on the Mohs scale. Thus a diamond, with a rank of
10, can cut into quartz, with a rank of 7. Luster measures the reflection of
light by the surface of the mineral. Metals have a higher luster than
gypsum, which has a porous surface. Cleavage refers to the way a mineral
splits apart along its natural grain, and fracture refers to its breakage
against its natural cleavage planes. Streak is the color of the residue left
by a mineral as it is rubbed across a special plate. Specific gravity
measures the density of the mineral; it is computed by comparing the mass
of the mineral to the mass of an equal volumn of water.
Minerals can also be classified by their chemical characteristics. The most
frequently occuring minerals are called silicates because of their large
shares of silicon and oxygen. Almost all rocks fit this category. The second
most common minerals are carbonates, which contain carbon and oxygen.
Carbornates are found on the ocean floor as the deposits of decayed
plankton. Aother grouping, halides, are found where water has
evaporated, as in dried lake beds and landlocked seas such as the Great
Salt Lake in Utah. Other common classes include sulfates, oxides, sulfides, and phosphates.
31. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is a
characteristic of mineral? A.Crystal structure B. Organic matter C. Hardness D.Smooth surface lOMoAR cPSD| 60692662
32. The word “the latter” in the passage refers to A.Mineral B. Diamond C. Graphite D.Carbon
33. The word “identical” in the passage is closest in meaning to A.Similar B. Complex C. Same D.Contrasting
34. According to the passage, two minerals with the same crystal
structure can be different because____
A.They have different specific gravities
B. They are found in different locations
C. They were formed by different geologic processes
D.They have different chemical compositions
35. According to paragraph 3, halite and galena are different elements because
A.They have the same crystal sructure
B. They have different chemical compositions
C. They were formed by different geologic processes lOMoAR cPSD| 60692662
D.They have different rankings on the Mohs scale
36. The word “hospitable” in the passage is closest in meaning to A.Welcoming B. Hostile C. Comparable D.Reactive
37. Why does the author discuss the role of volcanic movements in creating rocks?
A.To give an example of one of the Earth’s geologic forces
B. To identify a factor that determines what kinds of minerals are found in rocks
C. To explain why some rocks contain silicon
D.To criticize the theory that minerals are created only by chemical reactions
38. The word “disintergrate” in the passage is closest in meaning to A.Decompose B. Imbed C. Pressurize D.Decline
39. Which of the following can be inferred about minerals on the Mohs scale?
A.Graphite is softer then gypsum. lOMoAR cPSD| 60692662
B. Quartz can cut a mineral with a rank of 8.
C. Diamond can cut a mineral with a rank of 9.
D.The hardest minerals are metals.
40. According to the passage, all of the following are properties of minerals except: A.Claeavage B. Luster C. Streak D.Weigh