1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Pages Table of contents 1 Introduction 2
Chapter 1: WRITING A SENTENCE BASED ON A PICTURE 3
Lesson 1: SV, SVA Patterns 5 Lesson 2: SVO, SVOO Patterns 9
Lesson 3: SVC, SVOC Patterns 13 Lesson 4: SVOA, There to be 17 Lesson 5:Mixed Patterns 21
Lesson 6: Expanding Mixed Patterns 25
Chapter 2: RESPONDING TO AN E-MAILREQUEST LETTER 29
Lesson 7: The format of an e-mail letter 30
Lesson 8: The header, greeting and closing parts of an e-mail letter 35
Lesson 9: The main purpose of an e-mail letter 38
Lesson 10: Writing the main content of a reply 44 Lesson 11: Review 49
Chapter 3: WRITING AN OPINION ESSAY 54
Lesson 12:Analyzing essay questions 55
Lesson 13: The organization of an essay 59
Lesson 14:Writing the thesis statement 63 Lesson 15:Review 65 REFERENCES 67 2
INTRODUCTION TO TOEIC 4 SKILLS TEST
The Test of English for International Communication, TOEIC®,is a standard and objective
assessment for English language proficiency in the workplace. The TOEIC®is the most used test
for Business English with more than 7 million worldwide test-takers each year. The TOEIC®is
recognized as proof of a person’s English language competence by businesses, universities,
technical colleges and business schools, when considering potential candidates for admission to
their organizations. In countries such as the United Kingdom, the TOEIC® is a requirement for
Visa applications.The TOEIC® 4 Skills testoffers a common standard of measurement for listening,
reading, writing, and speaking skills. Test Format
• Non-incremental placement test (no pass-or-fail system)
• Paper and pencil (Listening & Reading)
• Online test (Speaking &Writing)
• Administered in authorized TOEIC® test centers
• Individual test sittings available by appointment Language Level
A1-C1 in accordance with the Common European Frame of Reference Usage
Evaluation and certification of English language skills are usedat a specific point in time for
students, graduates, employees, job applicants and professionals, who may require evidence of their
language skills for their studies or jobs. The test can also be used as an aid to monitor the learning
progress of individual’s participating in language training programs. Structure
Listening: 100 multiple choice questions in 45 min.
Reading: 100 multiple choice questions in 75 min.
Speaking: 11 tasks (6 types of questions) in 20 min.
Writing: 8 tasks (3 types of questions) in 60 min. Test Length
200 min. test duration plus a break of 30 min. between Listening & Reading, Speaking & Writing Results
• Score reports for Listening & Reading and Speaking & Writing
• Individual analysis of strengths and weaknesses
• Correlation table with CEFR* mapping and Can-Do-Statements
• Certificate for all four skills (optional)
• Score evaluation within 15 business days, excl. postal time 3 TOEIC Writing
The optional Speaking and Writing test was introduced in 2006. More and more people in business
connect globally through video conferencing, web conferencing, Skype and e-mail. If you're going
to be successful in a global company, you have to be able to speak fluently and write well in English.
The type and format of the questions in the optional Speaking and Writing test are quite different
compared to the standardTOEIC test. However, similar skills are being tested as well as your ability
to communicate effectively. As with the standard test, all the questions are designed to represent
real world corporate situations from the factory level all the way up to the boardroom. Your ability
to communicate in any kind of workplace situation is being evaluated. However, you do not have to
have specialized business knowledge to be able to answer the writing or speaking tasks. Unlike the and Listening
Reading sections of the standard TOEIC test, the optional Speaking and
Writing test is done at a computer. Your responses are sent directly to ETS's online scoring network
where highly trained graders by ETS will mark your responses. For Writing, the range of scores
varies for each of the 3 types of tasks: 0-3 for tasks 1-5, 0-4 for tasks 6-7 and 0-5 for task 8. The sum of your
for the 8 writing tasks is then scaled. scores
The scaled score range is 0-200. In
addition to your scaled score, you are assigned a proficiency level. There are 9 for writing. To see
what the 9 levels are as well as description of what each means in terms of your writing skills.
What score you get for your writing responses is based on how well you demonstrate these essential skills: sentence variety,
, range and appropriateness of grammar , and coherence and vocabulary
organization. Sentence variety means you use more than one kind of sentence structure. Grammar
covers many, many skills. Make sure to read over your responses for spelling mistakes! Range and
appropriateness of vocabulary means you don't use the same words over and over again, as well as
using the right words related to the topic. What you write should make sense, someone reading it
should not be confused or have a hard time understanding what you're trying to convey. Going from
one idea to another should progress in a logical manner. This is what coherence and organization refer to.
The Writing section has 8 tasks. You have a total time of 1 hour to complete them all. These are the
3 types of TOEIC Writing tasks in the order in which you will do them in the test:
Write a sentence based on a picture: 5 questions
Respond to a written request: 2 questions Opinion essay: 1 question 4 CHAPTER 1 WRITING SENTENCES Lesson 1: SV, SVA Patterns Lesson 2: SVO, SVOO Patterns Lesson 3: SVC, SVOC Patterns Lesson 4: SVOA, There to be Lesson 5: Mixed Patterns
Lesson 6: Expanding Mixed Patterns 5 LESSON 1: SV, SVA PATTERNS A-LANGUAGE FOCUS I- Basic clause elements S V: Subject + Verb -He is sleeping. -The baby is crying.
SVA: Subject + Verb + Adverbial phrase ( trạng từ)
( A bổ sung thông tin về : tính chất, đặc điểm, hoàn cảnh … Như thế nào, ở đâu, khi
nào, bằng cách nào, tới mức độ nào)
-The man(S) is(V) in the kitchen(A : ở đâu).
-The actor is appearing on the stage(A ở đâu). -He is going to the theatre. II-Expanding clauses SV(A), SVA(A)
-He is sleeping in the garden (place)
-He is sleeping in the morning (time) -He is sleeping well (manner)
-He is writing with a pen (manner)
TEST TIP: Use modifiers appropriately
One of the words may be a modifier. These are adjectives and adverbs or adverbial phrases which
give more information about the subject/or verbs. Understanding how to identify them, and position
in a sentence will help you make well-formed sentences. B-LANGUAGE PRACTICE
I-Underline and name the clause elements
1. The lion(S) is roaring(V) loudly.(A)
2. The boy(S) is lying(V) on the ground(A).
3. The tall man(S) is standing(V) behind(A) the tree.
4. The man is talking on the telephone.
5. The meeting is happening in the afternoon.
II-Make a sentence with the given words:
1. man/ room/ alone the man is in the room alone
2. plant/ table the table is made of plants
3. festival/ occur/ Danang city the festival occurs in the Danang city
4. animals/ run/ away the animals are running away
5. passengers/ wait/ line/ shop the passengers are waiting in line at the shop C-PRACTICE IN TOEIC I Building Language . Picture 1Picture 2 6
a- Give some nouns and verbs which may be used to describe pictures 1 and 2. Compare with your friends.
b- Complete the following about picture 1 and 2 sentences with the given words:
alone - sitting - the phone - next to – in front of
1. The man is in the room………………..
2. The man is talking on……………….....
3. The man is ………………….on a desk
4. The chefs are ......................... each other.
5. The desserts are ……………….the chefs. II. Tactic Practice
Make sentencesabout the pictures with the suggested words
Picture 1: meeting/ go/ well
Picture 2: ship/ be/ port
………………………………………..
……………………………………………
………………………………………..
……………………………………………
………………………………………..
…………………………………………… Picture 3: Picture 4: workers / be/ ground city/ run/ coast
……………………………………….. ……………………………………………
……………………………………….. ……………………………………………
………………………………………… …………………………………………… III. Test Practice
In this part of the test, you will write ONE sentence that is based on a picture. With each
picture, you will be given two words or phrases that you must use in your sentence. You can change
the forms of the words and you can use the words in any order. 7
TEST TIP: Think about the subject
The subject of the sentence may be people or things. Given nouns will always be singular, so you
may have to change them to the plural form. Your sentence could also be about location of certain
objects in the picture, e.g. There are two pens on the desk. 1. boat/sail 2. passengers/ train 3. cars/ bridge
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Adverbial phrase:…………………
Preposition: ………………………
Other modifiers………………… Sentence:
…………………………………..
…………………………………..
…………………………………..
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Adverbial phrase:…………………
Preposition: ………………………
Modifier:………………………….
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Adverbial phrase:…………………
Preposition: ………………………
Other modifiers………………… Sentence:
…………………………………..
…………………………………..
……..............................................
……………………………. .
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Adverbial phrase:…………………
Preposition: ………………………
Modifier:………………………….
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Adverbial phrase:…………………
Preposition: ………………………
Other modifiers………………… Sentence:
…………………………………..
…………………………………..
………………………………….
……………………………. .
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Adverbial phrase:…………………
Preposition: ………………………
Modifier:…………………………. 8 4. stand/line 5. boat/ dock
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Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Adverbial phrase:…………………
Preposition: ………………………
Other modifiers………………….. Sentence:
…………………………………..
…………………………………..
…………………...........................
……………………………. .
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Adverbial phrase:…………………
Preposition: ………………………
Modifier:………………………….
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Adverbial phrase:…………………
Preposition: ………………………
Other modifiers………………… Sentence:
…………………………………..
…………………………………..
…………………………………..
……………………………. .
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Adverbial phrase:…………………
Preposition: ………………………
Modifier:…………………………. 9
LESSON 2: SVO, SVOO PATTERNS A-LANGUAGE FOCUS I-Basic clause elements S VO: Subject + Verb + Object -He is writing a letter
-The baby is drinking a cup of milk
SVOO: Subject + Verb + Object + Object
( Object trực tiếp thường là người hoặc vật Tân ngữ trức tiếp thừa hưởng kết quả của hành
động , còn tân ngữ gián tiếp thì bị tác động bởi hành động đó )
-The man is passing a box to the woman ( người đàn ông đang đưa một chiếc hôp cho người phụ nữ)
-He sent a letter to his father ( anh ấy đã gửi một lá thư cho cha mình) Notes:
SVOdOi: S + V + Odirect + preposition + Oindirect
-He sent a letter to his father
SVOiOd: S + V + Oindirect + Odirect ( đảo lộn cần nhớ) -He sent his father a letter II-Expanding clauses SVO(A), SVOO(A)
-He is writing a letter in the library (place)
-He sends a letter to his father every week. (time)
-He can run very quickly (manner)
-The man is using a machine to make a key (purpose)
TEST TIP: Use modifiers appropriately
One of the words may be a modifier. These are adjectives and adverbs or adverbial phrases which
give more information about the subject/object or verbs. Understanding how to identify them, and
position in a sentence will help you make well-formed sentences. B-LANGUAGE PRACTICE
I-Underline and name the clause elements
1. The cat(S) is catching(V) a mouse(O)
2. The boy students(S) send(V) flowers (O)to the girl friends(O) on 8th March
3. The tall man(S) is eating(V) a big cake(O) in the kitchen.(O)
4. The man (S)is carrying(V) a case(O).
5. The lorry(S) is passing(V) the road.(O)
II-Make a sentence with the given words:
1. porter/ suitcases/ second floor
2. waiter/ table/ carefully The waiter(S) is cleaning(V) the table (O)carefully
3. engineers/ buildings/ the beach the engineer is designing the building at the beach
4. buy/ a gift/ sweetheart the man bought a gift for the sweetheart
5. train/ passengers/ Hanoi station the passengers catching a train at Hanoi station C-PRACTICE IN TOEIC I. Building Language
a-Give some nouns and verbs which may be used to describe pictures 1 and 2. Compare with your friends.
b-Complete the following about picture 1 and 2 sentences:
1. The man is holding a….……
2. The man is …………….a red apron
3. The woman is ………………….man his ticket.
4. The woman is .........................at the man. 10
5. The man and woman are at the………….. Picture 1 Picture 2 II. Tactic Practice
Make sentences about the pictures with the suggested words
Picture 1: person/ money /ATM man /arrange / ware Picture 2: house
……………………………………….. ……………………………………………
……………………………………….. ……………………………………………
……………………………………….. ……………………………………………
Picture 3: engineers/ discuss/ plans Picture 4: guard/ search/ man
……………………………………….. ……………………………………………
……………………………………….. ……………………………………………
………………………………………… …………………………………………… III. Test Practice
In this part of the test, you will write ONE sentence that is based on a picture. With each
picture, you will be given two words or phrases that you must use in your sentence. You can change
the forms of the words and you can use the words in any order. 11
TEST TIP: Think about the subject
The subject of the sentence may be people or things. Given nouns will always be singular, so you
may have to change them to the plural form. Your sentence could also be about location of certain
objects in the picture, e.g. There are two pens on the desk. 1. snow / away 2. children/hands 3. tie/ post
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Object:……………………………
Adverbial phrase:…………………
Preposition: ………………………
Other modifiers………………… Sentence:
…………………………………..
…………………………………..
…………………………………..
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Object:…………………………..
Adverbial phrase:…………………
Preposition: ………………………
Other modifiers………………… Sentence:
…………………………………..
…………………………………..
……..............................................
……………………………. .
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Object:…………………………..
Adverbial phrase:…………………
Preposition: ………………………
Other modifiers………………… Sentence:
…………………………………..
…………………………………..
………………………………….
……………………………. . 12 4. check/ data 5. woman/ notebook
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Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Object:…………………………..
Adverbial phrase:…………………
Preposition: ………………………
Other modifiers………………….. Sentence:
…………………………………..
…………………………………..
…………………...........................
……………………………. .
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Object:…………………………..
Adverbial phrase:…………………
Preposition: ………………………
Other modifiers………………… Sentence:
…………………………………..
…………………………………..
…………………………………..
……………………………. . 13
LESSON 3: SVC, SVOC PATTERNS A-LANGUAGE FOCUS I-Basic clause elements
S VC: Subject + Verb + Complement( bổ ngữ) khó để phân biệt với SVA nên cân nhắc
-She is beautiful. (adjective)
-The cake tastes sweet(adjective)
-The boy is a clever student(noun)
Notes: The Complement Subject
In this clause pattern the element that comes
provides more information about after the verb
the ( VÌ C có thể là Adj, Adv, N…)
subject; it serves to complete the subject, so it is called the complement, or more fully, the subject complement.
SVOC: Subject + Verb + Object + Complement ( lúc này thì C bổ nghĩa cho O)
-They are keeping the hands warm(adjective) ( họ đang giữ cho bàn tay được ấm)
-The son have the car cleaned(participle)
-We call him ‘Father’(noun)
Notes: The Complement Object
In this clause pattern the element that comes after theobject provides more information about the
object; it serves to complete the object, so it is called the complement, or more fully, the object complement. II-Expanding clauses SVC(A), SVOC(A)
-He is a teacher at DTU (place)
-He is keeping the baby warm in the winter morning (time) -He is very beautiful (degree)
TEST TIP: Use modifiers appropriately
One of the words may be a modifier. These are adjectives and adverbs or adverbial phrases which
give more information about the subject/or verbs. Understanding how to identify them, and position
in a sentence will help you make well-formed sentences. B-LANGUAGE PRACTICE
I-Underline and name the clause elements
1. The woman appears lonely 2. The boy keep the dog warm
3. Most college freshmen call themselves serious students.
4. The freshmen described themselves as "conservative" 5. The cake tastes sweet II-Translate into English:
1. Các chàng trai đó trở thành những cầu thủ bóng đá nổi tiếng
2. Họ trông có vẻ kiệt sức
3. Chúng tôi để cửa sổ mở
4. Họ bầu John làm lớp trưởng
5. Chúng tôi đặt tên nó là Mimosa C-PRACTICE IN TOEIC I. Building Language
a-Give some nouns and verbs which may be used to describe pictures 1 and 2. Compare with your friends. 14
b-Complete the following about picture 1 and 2 sentences:
1. The class………………..exciting. (picture 1)
2. The children seems……………….....
3. The teacher looks……………………
4. The womanis holding the .........................open. (picture 2)
5. The doorhas not been ……………….yet. Picture 1: Picture 2: II. Tactic Practice
Make sentences about the pictures with the suggested words Picture 1: Picture 2: traffic/ be/ busy woman/be /attentive
……………………………………….. ……………………………………………
……………………………………….. ……………………………………………
……………………………………….. ……………………………………………
Picture 3: man/ hold/ open Picture 4: people/ seem/ tired
……………………………………….. ……………………………………………
……………………………………….. ……………………………………………
………………………………………… …………………………………………… 15 III.Test Practice
In this part of the test, you will write ONE sentence that is based on a picture. With each
picture, you will be given two words or phrases that you must use in your sentence. You can change
the forms of the words and you can use the words in any order.
TEST TIP: Think about the subject
The subject of the sentence may be people or things. Given nouns will always be singular, so you
may have to change them to the plural form. Your sentence could also be about location of certain
objects in the picture, e.g. There are two pens on the desk. 1. platform/high 2. be/ ancient
3. conversation/ comfortable
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Adverbial phrase:…………………
Preposition: ………………………
Other modifiers………………… Sentence:
…………………………………..
…………………………………..
…………………………………..
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Adverbial phrase:…………………
Preposition: ………………………
Modifier:………………………….
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Adverbial phrase:…………………
Preposition: ………………………
Other modifiers………………… Sentence:
…………………………………..
…………………………………..
……..............................................
……………………………. .
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Adverbial phrase:…………………
Preposition: ………………………
Modifier:………………………….
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Adverbial phrase:…………………
Preposition: ………………………
Other modifiers………………… Sentence:
…………………………………..
…………………………………..
………………………………….
……………………………. .
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Adverbial phrase:…………………
Preposition: ………………………
Modifier:…………………………. 16 4. make/ happy 5. family/ happy
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Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Adverbial phrase:…………………
Preposition: ………………………
Other modifiers………………….. Sentence:
…………………………………..
…………………………………..
…………………...........................
……………………………. .
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Adverbial phrase:…………………
Preposition: ………………………
Modifier:………………………….
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Adverbial phrase:…………………
Preposition: ………………………
Other modifiers………………… Sentence:
…………………………………..
…………………………………..
…………………………………..
……………………………. .
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Adverbial phrase:…………………
Preposition: ………………………
Modifier:…………………………. 17 LESSON 4: SVOA, THERE TO BE A-LANGUAGE FOCUS I-Basic clause elements
S VOA: Subject + Verb + Object + Adverbial ( lúc này cấu trúc SVA thêm Tân ngữ để
nhấn mạnh đối tượng hướng đến của V) Khó phân biệt với SVOC
-The man put a pen on the table.
-She is releasing a bean into the bag. There + to be
-There are many cats ( số nhiều).
-There is a bag on the table( số ít). II-Expanding clauses SVOA(A), There +to be +(A)
-The man is putting a pen on the table carefully.(manner)
-There are two cats in the room. (place)
TEST TIP: Use modifiers appropriately
One of the words may be a modifier. These are adjectives and adverbs or adverbial phrases which
give more information about the subject/object or verbs. Understanding how to identify them, and
position in a sentence will help you make well-formed sentences. B-LANGUAGE PRACTICE
I-Underline and name the clause elements
1. The man is putting a flower on the computer
2. There is a car on the pavement
3. The girls are sitting against the table.
4. The boys are beating the ball. 5. The eraser is in the box.
II-Make a sentence with the given words: 1. hold/ basket/ hand 2. put/ knife/ table 3. there/customers/bank 4. woman/ draw/ bag 5. bread/on C-PRACTICE IN TOEIC I.Building Language Picture 1: Picture 2: 18
a-Give some nouns and verbs which may be used to describe pictures 1 and 2. Compare with your friends.
b-Complete the following about picture 1 and 2 sentences:
1. There …………..some slices of lemon ……….the glass of water. (picture 1)
2. The woman is ………………..some slices of lemon ………. the glass of water.
3. The woman is inserting some flowers …………..the………. (picture 2)
4. There are some flowers ………. the………… II.Tactic Practice
Make sentences about the pictures with the suggested words Picture 1: Picture 2: woman/ against/ wall put/ suitcases/ground
……………………………………….. ……………………………………………
……………………………………….. ……………………………………………
……………………………………….. ……………………………………………
Picture 3: there/ fruit/ basket Picture 4: young/ jump/ grass
……………………………………….. ……………………………………………
……………………………………….. ……………………………………………
………………………………………… …………………………………………… III.Test Practice
In this part of the test, you will write ONE sentence that is based on a picture. With each
picture, you will be given two words or phrases that you must use in your sentence. You can change
the forms of the words and you can use the words in any order.
TEST TIP: Think about the subject 19
The subject of the sentence may be people or things. Given nouns will always be singular, so you
may have to change them to the plural form. Your sentence could also be about location of certain
objects in the picture, e.g. There are two pens on the desk. 1. family/sit 2. bicycle/tree 3. glasses/ sand
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Adverbial phrase:…………………
Preposition: ………………………
Other modifiers………………… Sentence:
…………………………………..
…………………………………..
…………………………………..
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Adverbial phrase:…………………
Preposition: ………………………
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Adverbial phrase:…………………
Preposition: ………………………
Other modifiers………………… Sentence:
…………………………………..
…………………………………..
……..............................................
……………………………. .
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Adverbial phrase:…………………
Preposition: ………………………
Modifier:………………………….
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Adverbial phrase:…………………
Preposition: ………………………
Other modifiers………………… Sentence:
…………………………………..
…………………………………..
………………………………….
……………………………. .
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Adverbial phrase:…………………
Preposition: ………………………
Modifier:…………………………. 20 4. boy/ ball 5. run/ water
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Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Adverbial phrase:……… …………
Preposition: ………………………
Other modifiers………………….. Sentence:
…………………………………..
…………………………………..
…………………...........................
……………………………. .
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Adverbial phrase:…………………
Preposition: ………………………
Modifier:………………………….
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Adverbial phrase:…………………
Preposition: ………………………
Other modifiers………………… Sentence:
…………………………………..
…………………………………..
…………………………………..
……………………………. .
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Adverbial phrase:…………………
Preposition: ………………………
Modifier:…………………………. 21 LESSON 5: MIXED PATTERNS A-LANGUAGE FOCUS REVIEW I-Basic clause elements 1- SV 2- SVA 3- SVC 4- SVOC 5- SVO 6- SVOO 7- SVOA 8- There + to be II-Expanding clauses Basic clause elements + (A)
(A) = Time, place, manner, purpose
-The man is putting a pen on the table carefully(manner)
-There are two cats in the room. (place)
-I bought the book to read at night (purpose)
TEST TIP: Use modifiers appropriately
One of the words may be a modifier. These are adjectives and adverbs or adverbial phrases which
give more information about the subject/object or verbs. Understanding how to identify them, and
position in a sentence will help you make well-formed sentences. B-LANGUAGE PRACTICE
I-Underline and name the clause elements
1. The dog is running across the street.
2. The people are discussing the new plan.
3. The postman is delivering letters to the inhabitants.
4. The gloves keep the hands warm.
5. The medicine girl becomes a doctor.
6. All the children are gathering in the garden.
7. The man throws himself into the sofa.
II-Complete the following sentences with one appropriate word
1. We teach English ………….the students.
2. The mother bought a T-shirt ……………..the daughter.
3. The teachers is sending a postcard ……………..his parents.
4. The waiter is handing a cup ………………the customer.
5. The airhostess is giving the ticket……………the passenger.
6. The porter is bringing a suitcase ………………..the guest.
7. The little boy is climbing ……………the bed. 22
8. The cat is running …………………from the dog.
9. There is an overpass ………………..the highway.
10. He is putting a school bag ……………………the armchair. C-PRACTICE IN TOEIC I. Building Language
a-Give some nouns and verbs which may be used to describe pictures 1 and 2. Compare with your friends.
b-Complete the following about picture 1 and 2 sentences:
1. There ………… some pictures ………….the wall (picture 1)
2. There …………… a T.V …………..the picture.
3. A ………………………..is on the table.
4. There ………….. a fallen tree…………….the road. (picture 2) Picture 1: Picture 2: II. Tactic Practice
Make sentences about the pictures with the suggested words
Picture 1: man/ hold/ show Picture 2: salesman/ hand/key
……………………………………….. ……………………………………………
……………………………………….. ……………………………………………
……………………………………….. ……………………………………………
Picture 3: men/ fish/ sea Picture 4: colleagues/ together/ table
……………………………………….. ……………………………………………
……………………………………….. ……………………………………………
………………………………………… …………………………………………… 23
III. Test Practice: Question 1-5 Write a sentence based on a picture
In this part of the test, you will write ONE sentence that is based on a picture. With each picture,
you will be given two words or phrases that you must use in your sentence. You can change the
forms of the words and you can use the words in any order.You will have 8 minutes to complete this part of the test.
TEST TIP: Think about the subject
The subject of the sentence may be people or things. Given nouns will always be singular, so you
may have to change them to the plural form. Your sentence could also be about location of certain
objects in the picture, e.g. There are two pens on the desk. 1. talk/taxi 2. doctor/talk 3. engineers/ wear
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Object:…………………………..
Complement: ……………………
Adverbial:……………………….
Other modifiers…………………
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Object:……………………………
Complement: ……………………
Adverbial:……………………….
Other modifiers………………… Sentence:
…………………………………..
…………………………………..
…….............................................…
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Object:…………………………..
Complement: ……………………
Adverbial:……………………….
Other modifiers………………… Sentence:
…………………………………..
…………………………………..
……..............................................
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Adverbial phrase:…………………
Preposition: ………………………
Modifier:…………………………. 24 4. ladder/ wall 5. bicycles/ park
-----------------------------------------------------
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Object:…………………………..
Complement: ……………………
Adverbial:……………………….
Other modifiers………………… Sentence:
…………………………………..
…………………………………..
……..............................................
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Object:…………………………..
Complement: ……………………
Adverbial:……………………….
Other modifiers………………… Sentence:
…………………………………..
…………………………………..
……............................................... 25
LESSON 6: EXPANDING MIXED SENTENCES A-LANGUAGE FOCUS REVIEW
I- Simple sentences with more than one subject or/ and verb:
-The man(S1) and the woman(S2) are looking at the screen. ( 2 subjects)
-The people are eating(V1) and talking(V2). (2 verbs)
II- Basic clause elements + (A):
(A) = Time, place, manner, purpose ( thời gian, địa điểm, cách thức, mục đích)
-The people are eating and talking cheerfully in the canteen. (manner, place)
-The boy and the girl are waving a taxi (in order)to ask for a lift to school. (purpose)( mục
đích cảu hành động vãy tây bắt taxi đến trường)
TEST TIP: Use modifiers appropriately ( Ta sử dụng 2 chủ ngữ hoặc 2 động từ cộng
thêm các Adv như thời gian, địa điểm, cách thức, mục đích tạo nên một câu)
One of the words may be a modifier. These are adjectives and adverbs or adverbial phrases which
give more information about the subject/object or verbs. Understanding how to identify them, and
position in a sentence will help you make well-formed sentences. B-LANGUAGE PRACTICE
I-Underline and name the clause elements
1. The dog and the cat are chasing each other in the garden.
2. The workers are walking along the bank of the river in the early morning.
3. The salesman is handing a packet of cigarettes to the customer at the counter.
4. The mother put the child into the cradle in order to keep it warm.
5. The glass on the table is almost full.
6. All the actors and actresses are singing and dancing on the stage.
7. The man looks so sad because of the bad marks.
II-Complete the following sentences with one appropriate word
1. We import lots of sugar ………….Thailand.
2. The people are waiting …………….a bus.
3. The man is having a meeting …………..his employees.
4. The children have bread and milk …………… breakfast.
5. The man is sleeping ………….. the movie.
III-Expanding the clauses with the suggested ideas
1. The passengers are travelling by bus……………………………….. (frequency)
2. The book is about the modern life …………………………………. (time).
3. Water is coming from a hole ……………………………………….. (place). 26
4. The bossand …………………………….are discussing a new plan …………….a new building. (person / purpose).
5. The girl is bringing an apple and ……………………..for her teacher………………(thing /place) C-PRACTICE IN TOEIC I-Building Language
a-Give some words which may be used to describe pictures 1 and 2. Compare with your friends.
b-Complete the following about picture 1 and 2 sentences:
1. The waiter is …………………..a tray in his ……….hand (picture 1)
2. Two cups and an…………………….are on the tray.
3. The waiter is wearing a black ……………………..
4. The girls are using a desktop computer ……………. (picture 2)
5. The girls are ……………..at the screen and ………………with each other. Picture 1: Picture 2: II-Tactic Practice
Make sentences about the pictures with the suggested words
Picture 1: shout/hand/for Picture 2: read/with/ mother’s help
……………………………………….. ……………………………………………
……………………………………….. ……………………………………………
……………………………………….. ……………………………………………
Picture 3: daughter/tea/for Picture 4: carry/walk/airport
……………………………………….. ……………………………………………
……………………………………….. …………………………………………… 27
………………………………………… …………………………………………… III-Test Practice
In this part of the test, you will write ONE sentence that is based on a picture. With each
picture, you will be given two words or phrases that you must use in your sentence. You can change
the forms of the words and you can use the words in any order. In the test, Question 1-5 appear
together. You have 8 minutes to complete the questions.
TEST TIP: Think about the subject
The subject of the sentence may be people or things. Given nouns will always be singular, so you
may have to change them to the plural form. Your sentence could also be about location of certain
objects in the picture, e.g. There are two pens on the desk. 1. dog/walk 2. man/with
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Object:……………………………
Complement: ……………………
Adverbial:……………………….
Other modifiers………………… Sentence:
…………………………………..
…………………………………..
…….............................................…
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Object:…………………………..
Complement: ……………………
Adverbial:…………… ………….
Other modifiers………………… Sentence:
…………………………………..
…………………………………..
……..............................................
……………………………. . 28 3. swimmers / swimming pool 4. doctor / hand 5. chef / food
-----------------------------------------------------
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Object:…………………………..
Complement: ……………………
Adverbial:……………………….
Other modifiers………………… Sentence:
…………………………………..
…………………………………..
……..............................................
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Object:…………………………..
Complement: ……………………
Adverbial:……………………….
Other modifiers………………… Sentence:
…………………………………..
…………………………………..
……..............................................
Subject: ………………………….
Verb:……………………………..
Object:…………………………..
Complement: ……………………
Adverbial:……………………….
Other modifiers………………… Sentence:
…………………………………..
…………………………………..
……............................................... 29 CHAPTER 2
RESPONDING TO AN E-MAIL REQUEST LETTER
Lesson 7: The format of an e-mail letter
Lesson 8: The header, greeting and closing of an email letter
Lesson 9: The main purpose of an e-mail letter