GREAT WRITING 3: From Great Paragraphs to Great Essays ANSWER KEY UNIT 1 Paragraphs Activity 8, page 12 Answers will vary.
ELEMENTS OF GREAT WRITING Activity 9, page 12 Activity 1, page 5 Answers will vary. 1. b 4. a Activity 10, page 14 2. a 5. a 3. b Possible answers:
1. What kinds of pesticides should not be used? Why should Activity 2, pages 6–7 we avoid using pesticides?
1. Throughout history, explorers have been inspired to
2. Why are coffee producers using environmentally friendly
investigate land, space, and sea.
farming methods? What are the benefits to using
2. have been inspired to investigate land, space, and sea
environmentally friendly farming methods, if any? 3. three
3. What are the differences between snow skiing and water
skiing? What are the similarities between snow skiing and 4. c water skiing? Activity 3, page 8
4. Why is trophy hunting controversial? How might trophy
hunting actually help preserve endangered animals? 1. air conditioners; a
5. Why are extracurricular activities beneficial to children? 2. biomedical engineering; b
What extracurricular activities can children participate in to 3. snowboarding; b improve their self-confidence? Activity 4, page 9
Activity 11, pages 15–16
1. a. Europeans drink far more coffee than people from other Paragraph 1.5 parts of the world. Sentence 1: Good
2. b. Roller coaster safety has improved tremendously over Sentence 2: Unrelated the last 200 years. Sentence 3: Good
3. c. The sport of track-and-field has increased in popularity in Paragraph 1.6 recent years. Sentence 1: Good Activity 5, page 9 Sentence 2: Unrelated Possible answers: Sentence 3: Good
1. Lying in the workplace can result in a number of problems. Activity 12, page 17
2. Working hard is the first step to reaching your goals.
1. F; Students encounter an incredible amount of new
3. The Eiffel Tower, located in Paris, France, is significant for
vocabulary in English every day. several reasons.
2. F; Some learners solve this problem by using flash cards. Activity 6, pages 10-11 3. C; What are flash cards? Possible answers:
4. C; How do language learners use them?
Paragraph 1.2: Breakfast is the most important meal of the day.
5. F; A flash card is a small card for learning vocabulary.
Paragraph 1.3: Acting can be categorized into three different
6. C; Learners write the new word on one side of the card.
types: stage acting, television acting, and film acting.
7. F; Then they write a definition on the other side.
Paragraph 1.4: Job-search websites can be a great tool to help a
8. C; Students test themselves on the vocabulary words by job seeker find a new job.
guessing the meaning and then checking the answer. Activity 7, page 12
9. C; Because learners create their own cards, they can focus
on words that are important for them. Possible answers:
10. F; Even though it is a traditional method, using flash cards
Paragraph 1.2: An Important Meal; Breakfast is extremely useful.
Paragraph 1.3: Three Kinds of Acting; Acting Three Ways
Paragraph 1.4: The Benefits of Job-Search Websites; A Job- Search Tool 1 Activity 13, page 18 6. find 1. families 7. perform 2. C 8. not have enough of 3. members 9. big 4. elders 10. in general 5. women
Activity 21, pages 25–26 6. hours 1. investigate 7. health 2. disaster 8. time 3. rely on Activity 14, page 19 4. regardless of Answers will vary. 5. characteristic 6. recommendation Activity 15, page 20 7. appreciate Answers will vary. 8. tend to Activity 16, page 20 9. process 10. throughout Answers will vary. Activity 22, page 26 Activity 17, page 21 1. categories Possible answers: 2. categorize
1. In conclusion, all good restaurants share similar qualities. (restates the main idea) 3. entirely
2. The monuments and museums in Washington, DC, provide 4. entire
both inspiration and enjoyment to millions of visitors each 5. maintenance year. (gives an opinion) 6. maintain
Activity 18, pages 22–23 7. occurred 8. occurrence
1. The purpose of this paragraph is to talk about why the
Summer Olympics are so popular. 9. prediction
2. There are many reasons for their popularity. 10. predicted
3. many reasons for their popularity. Activity 23, page 27
4. Overall, this competition is one of the most popular Answers will vary.
sporting events in the world. (restatement)
5. In the Winter Olympics, one of the most popular sports
is ice skating. This sentence doesn’t belong because it
BUILDING BETTER SENTENCES
talks about the Winter Olympics instead of the Summer Activity 24, page 27
Olympics. It does not support the topic sentence.
6. The writer could provide an additional reason why the Sloths
are amazing animals that live in Central and South
Summer Olympics are so popular.
America. These animals are well known for their laziness.
Scientists believe that their slow movement helps them escape Activity 19, page 24
from predators—animals that might hurt them. Because many
predators have sharp eyesight, they are looking for animals
Topic sentence: Although tsunamis and hurricanes both cause a
that move quickly. When sloths see a predator, they actually
lot of damage, they are each very different.
move more slowly, hoping that they will disappear in the
Not a good supporting sentence: Tsunamis are very frightening.
background. For sloths, being slow has its rewards.
Possible answer for concluding sentence: While both tsunamis
and hurricanes can be devastating, they are very different from Activity 25, page 28 each other.
Answers will vary. Possible answers:
1. Sugary drinks are harmful to children’s teeth.
BUILDING BETTER VOCABULARY
2. Drones can be used for fun, for exploration, or for Activity 20, page 25 advertising.
3. The United Nations maintains international peace and 1. like
provides humanitarian aid to countries in need. 2. thankful Activity 26, page 29 3. good 4. type Answers will vary. 5. make happen
2 Great Writing 3: From Paragraphs to Essays WRITING Activity 4, page 40
Activities 27–28, pages 29–30 Possible answers:
1. the historic house in the mountain village Answers will vary.
2. the long, windy road through the country
UNIT 2 Features of Good Writing
3. an amazingly generous gift from a friend
4. the majestic mountain range
ELEMENTS OF GREAT WRITING
5. an extremely long and complicated exam Activity 5, page 40
Activity 1, pages 34–35 Possible answers: Pre-Paragraph Questions
1. The network administrator has a great deal of knowledge Possible answers: about programming computers.
1. Bees help pollinate plants, which helps plants reproduce.
2. The new student’s stylish clothing fits him well.
2. Some extinct animals are the passenger pigeon (hunted to
3. Tokyo is the largest city in the world with a population of
extinction) and the woolly mammoth (may have died out 38 million people.
from climate change, hunting, and meteorites or comets).
4. The start up business upgraded its communications sytems Post-Paragraph Questions to increase efficiency.
1. The purpose of this paragraph is to persuade the reader
5. The French soccer team won the World Cup in 2018.
that the decline in bee populations is a serious problem.
2. Bee populations across the world have dropped Activity 6, page 41
significantly, and this is a serious problem.
1. The purpose of this paragraph is to show that using “smart
3. a. Farmers and gardeners can use alternatives to
devices” before bed can make it more difficult to fall
dangerous pesticides. b. Beehives can be placed closer to asleep. food crops.
2. Although many people enjoy using their “smart devices” Activity 2, page 37
before going to bed, these habits can actually make it more difficult to fall asleep. Possible answers:
3. If people can follow this guideline, they will most certainly
1. Purpose statement 1: The purpose of this paragraph is to
enjoy a deeper and more restful sleep; prediction
give reasons for the popularity of fast-food restaurants.
Purpose statement 2: The purpose of this paragraph is to Activity 7, page 42
argue that there are negative effects of eating fast-food. Possible answers:
2. Purpose statement 1: The purpose of this paragraph is to
1. They are considered a "super food" because of their many
describe clean energy alternatives. Purpose statement 2: health benefits.
The purpose of this paragraph is to argue the importance
Correction: Blueberries are considered a "super food" of using clean energy.
because of their many health benefits.
3. Purpose statement 1: The purpose of this paragraph
2. Sushi is a Japanese food made with raw fish. They consider
is to describe the importance of the invention of the
it one of the most popular types of Japanese food.
Internet. Purpose statement 2: The purpose of this
Correction: The Japanese consider sushi one of the most
paragraph is to describe the importance of the invention
popular types of Japanese food. of communications satellites.
3. They are the biggest creatures on Earth.
4. Purpose statement 1: The purpose of this paragraph is to
Correction: Whales are the biggest creatures on Earth.
explain steps you can take to improve your friendships.
Purpose statement 2: The purpose of this paragraph is to
4. They want to study the animals’ habits in the wild.
describe different kinds of friendships.
Correction: Scientists want to study the animals’ habits in the wild.
5. Purpose statement 1: The purpose of this paragraph is to
summarize the best study habits. Purpose statement 2: The
5. They have become more widespread because of
purpose of this paragraph is to compare and contrast good environmental changes.
study habits and bad study habits.
Correction: Wildfires have become more widespread
because of environmental changes. Activity 3, page 39
Activity 8, pages 43–44 Possible answers: 1. Miami
1. wonderful, incredible, delightful 2. Chicago’s 2. awful, terrible, poor 3. Miami
3. extremely, incredibly, especially
4. the residents of Chicago and Miami
4. gigantic, massive, enormous 5. the residents of Miami
5. engaging, fascinating, intriguing
6. friendly, admirable, agreeable Answer Key 3 Activity 9, page 45 Activity 15, page 50 Possible answers: 1. Before
1. Before students choose a major, she they should always 2. First speak to an academic advisor. 3. In addition
2. One should carpool if you want one wants to save on gas. 4. For instance
3. Doctors warn people that you they should watch the kind 5. Finally
of food you they eat every day.
4. The population of the United States has grown steadily over
BUILDING BETTER VOCABULARY
the past century, and they continue it continues to grow.
5. Alligators and crocodiles are distinct in that it is they are Activity 16, page 51
either a freshwater or saltwater reptile. 1. simply
6. It is important for a company to respond quickly to
problems we it may face. 2. decrease
7. Many computer users hate software updates because of 3. thing
the interruption to our their work. 4. unreal Activity 10, page 45 5. mixed up 6. normally
Biomedical engineering is one of the fastest-growing 7. story line
segments of the tech industry. Students who choose to study
this major are likely to have many job opportunities after her 8. dangerous
their graduation. Biomedical engineering is a hybrid science. 9. bring together
They incorporate It incorporates engineering principles with 10. different
medicine and biology. Every year, biomedical engineers introduce
new technologies to help people overcome her their physical
Activity 17, pages 51–52
handicaps. Biomedical engineering has also evolved to meet 1. alternative
the needs of people looking for alternative treatments—ones
that are very different from what her their doctors traditionally 2. reduce
provided in the past. They People say that this field of study is 3. major
perfect for people who are as interested in medicine as they are in 4. decline
engineering and technology, as they it can satisfy needs for both.
These individuals are sure to thrive in this new and exciting field. 5. significantly 6. signal Activity 11, page 46 7. productive
1. The purpose of this paragraph is to show the benefits of 8. interfere cleaning up a messy workspace. 9. substance
2. This may be a good time to think about saving money and 10. release buying fewer office supplies.
Activity 18, pages 52–53 Activity 12, page 47 1. adaptive
1. There are many ways to classify movies, and one method is
by general category—fiction, true story, and hybrid. 2. adapt 2. 5, 10, 12 3. concentration 4. concentrated Activity 13, page 48 5. conflict a. 4 6. conflicting b. 3 7. permanent c. does not belong 8. permanently d. 7 9. stimulation e. 1 10. stimulate f. 5 Activity 19, page 53 g. 6 h. 2 Answers will vary. Activity 14, page 49
BUILDING BETTER SENTENCES Possible answers: Activity 20, page 54
1. Physical fitness for college students
2. The purpose of this paragraph is to give two different ways
Coffee and tea are two of the most popular beverages in
college students can stay in shape.
the world, but they are vastly different. First of all, tea is more
ancient than coffee. It was discovered thousands of years ago
3. fit, fitness, active, college students, students
in Asia. Coffee, on the other hand, originated in Yemen and
4 Great Writing 3: From Paragraphs to Essays
Ethiopia in the ninth century. Another difference between the 2. very different
two drinks is their original form. Coffee is cultivated from a bean 3. a, c
while tea is made from tea leaves. This means that the method
of production also differs, with coffee being more difficult. Activity 4, page 64
Finally, researchers have found some benefits to drinking
coffee but also some harmful effects. Tea, on the other hand, Answers will vary.
contains tannins, which may reduce the risk of cancer and heart
Activity 5, pages 65–66
disease. Regardless of personal preference, both of these drinks
are enjoyed by millions of people every day.
1. The purpose of this paragraph is to classify runners. Activity 21, page 55
2. In the world of track-and-field, there are three different
types of runners: sprinters, middle-distance runners, and
Answers will vary. Possible answers: distance runners.
1. Children should learn appropriate behavior in the
3. three; sprinters, middle-distance runners, and distance classroom. runners
2. Using cell phones during meetings is disruptive and
4. distance of race and physical qualities of runners disrespectful. 5. restatement
3. A home can be permanently damaged by hurricane-force winds. Activity 6, page 67 Activity 22, page 55
1. In my country, most people lives live near the coast
because the interior is too dry.
Answers will vary. Possible answers:
2. One of the basic principles of economics are is that we
1. Unlike some companies, Apple is a huge success because it
have to make choices with our resources. has been able to adapt.
3. Sometimes parents and a child does do not agree on what
2. If a room is left messy for a long period of time, it may stay
is best for the child’s future. that way permanently.
4. People say that the airline industry is in trouble and airlines
3. Due to a major conflict, the two businessmen decided to
face many economic problems, but all of the flights out of stop working together.
the New York City area is are usually full.
4. Reducing the price of a product can signal to customers
5. Many students are not prepared for the amount of that the seller is desperate.
studying they has have to do in college.
5. Social media can interfere with your work and make you
6. There is are several problems with that approach. less productive.
7. Playing sports such as soccer and basketball are is very hard on an athlete’s knees. WRITING
8. While many large animals are still endangered, some
smaller species is are doing better.
Activities 23–25, pages 56–57
9. Anyone with a student ID card, including part-time Answers will vary.
students, are is allowed to use the gym.
10. The family always vacations in Europe.
UNIT 3 Types of Paragraphs Activity 7, page 68
ELEMENTS OF GREAT WRITING
In many countries around the world, shooting fireworks
into the sky are is a traditional way to celebrate special
Activity 1, pages 60–61
occasions. Some countries use fireworks to mark their
independence. For instance, Mexicans celebrates celebrate
1. The purpose of this paragraph is to explain the effects of
Independence Day on September 16th with parades, fairs, the shrinking of the Aral Sea.
fireworks, and rodeos. Other countries have fireworks displays 2. the effects
as part of an actual competition. On the last Saturday in July, the
3. Since the 1960s, the South Aral Sea in Central Asia has
Sumidagawa Fireworks Festival is held in Japan. It is a 300-year-
shrunk to less than 10 percent of its original size, which has
old contest to see which fireworks company have has the most
led to many negative consequences.
beautiful display. Perhaps the most common use of fireworks
are is seen on December 31st, when many countries celebrate 4. many negative consequences
the beginning of the new year at midnight. People across the
5. the increase in salt killing off sea life, loss of jobs,
world uses use spectacular fireworks in a variety of ways. abandoned boats 6. prediction Activity 8, page 69 Activity 2, page 62
Most college students hope to achievement achieve
academic success, but they are not sure how to reach this goal. Answers will vary.
Of course, they know about the importance of note-taking skills
and reviewing information before an exam. However, there are
Activity 3, pages 63–64
other strategies that can help. Juan Rodriguez discovered this
in a particularly difficult calculus class. Choosing to sit in the
1. The purpose of this paragraph is to compare relationships
front of the class was one of his strategies. When he sat there, with family and with friends. Answer Key 5
he paid more attentive attention to the lecture and was more 4. region, regionally
engaged. Another strategy was previewing the information that
5. fascination, fascinating/fascinated
the instructor was going to introduction introduce. Juan would
go over the new material the day before the lecture and come 6. doubt, doubtful
to class with an idea of that day’s lecture topic. He was more 7. resident/residence, reside
comfort comfortable with the information because it was not
new to him. Finally, Juan found a classmate who was already Activity 15, page 75
good at calculus. By asking for his classmate’s help, Juan received 1. additional
alternative explain explanations from those of his instructor.
Having this “expert” friend who explained difficult math concepts 2. add
allowed Juan to process calculus more easy easily. If a student 3. endurance
makes some adjustments to his or her academic habits, as Juan 4. endure
did, he or she will likely be more succeed successful. 5. interactive Activity 9, page 70 6. interaction Answers will vary. 7. motivate 8. motivated
Activity 10, pages 71–72 9. strategically
1. The purpose of this paragraph is to describe a problem 10. strategize
with textbooks and propose a solution.
2. Textbooks have a negative impact on the environment. Activity 16, page 76 3. Use e-books instead. Answers will vary.
4. fewer trees cut down, less trash in landfills, less water used
BUILDING BETTER SENTENCES Activity 11, page 72 Activity 17, page 76 Answers will vary.
Every four years the best athletes around the world
BUILDING BETTER VOCABULARY
competes compete in the Olympics or the Paralympics.
Although both competitions feature many of the same Activity 12, page 73
events and the highest level of performance. They, they are
distinct programs. The most important different difference is 1. real
between the athletes themselves. While Olympic athletes are 2. be associated with
able-bodied, Paralympians have some form of disability. They 3. mixture
may been have have been born with physical problems, or
they might have experienced injuries. This often means the 4. difficult choice
athletes need special facilities. Another difference between 5. interesting
the two are is financial support. The Olympic Games and its 6. effect
athletes get much more money and more attention. Both sets 7. necessary
of athletes demonstrate strength, speed, and endurance, so the
Paralympians should get the same support. 8. communication 9. especially Activity 18, page 77 10. get smaller
1. Swimming is a better exercise than running for people over 50.
Activity 13, pages 73–74
2. Grocery delivery services can be a convenient solution for 1. doubtful busy families. 2. commercial
3. Several common activities can have a negative impact on 3. guarantee your sleep. 4. endurance
4. Driverless cars have several distinct advantages over cars driven by people. 5. abandoned
5. Students have two choices of on-campus housing: 6. motivated apartments or dorms. 7. display 8. strong Activity 19, page 78 9. distinct
Answers will vary. Possible answers: 10. consequences
1. Although she was born in Ukraine in 1989 with severe
physical problems, Oksana Masters is now an outstanding Activity 14, page 75
American athlete who competes in cross-country skiing 1. abandoned and cycling. 2. consequence
2. Alligators have wide, short, U-shaped faces while
crocodiles have slender, almost V-shaped ones.
3. destroy, destructive/destroyed
6 Great Writing 3: From Paragraphs to Essays
3. Researchers plan to design a wind turbine with 650-foot
3. Movie theaters that offer reserved seats and full menus are
(198-meter) blades that is taller than the Eiffel Tower and becoming increasingly popular.
that could reduce the cost of wind power by 50 percent.
4. Ladders, which can be used to paint a house, can be surprisingly dangerous. WRITING
5. Saltwater aquariums, which can hold sharks, require a lot of maintenance.
Activities 20–22, pages 79–80 Answers will vary. Activity 5, pages 92–93
1. Emma Watson, who has appeared in all eight Harry Potter
UNIT 4 Classification Essays: Moving
movies, knew she wanted to act at the age of six. from Paragraph to Essay
2. Movies that feature superheroes often make a lot of money.
3. George W. Bush, who was the 43rd president of the United States, has taken up painting.
ELEMENTS OF GREAT WRITING
4. Teachers can reschedule exams for students who have a Activity 1, page 85 good excuse.
5. Nowadays, many people use phone apps that provide
1. stage acting, television acting, and film acting
directions and traffic information.
2. Answers will vary. Specific information about each of
6. Shakespeare wrote many plays that were either tragic,
the three forms of acting could be added to expand this humorous, or historical. paragraph into an essay.
3. five: introduction, stage acting, television acting, film
Activity 6, pages 93–95 acting, conclusion
1. The purpose of this essay is to classify vacations by who
Activity 2, pages 87–89 you travel with.
2. Thesis statement: Vacations can be classified on the basis
1. Hook: Did you know that as recently as a few generations
of who vacationers choose to travel with: with family, with
ago, one of the most common forms of entertainment was friends, or alone.
listening to actors in radio dramas? a question
Points of development: with family, with friends, or alone
2. Interesting facts from the history of acting/details about
3. Paragraph 2: Family travel is special and creates lasting radio in the 1930s
memories, but it can also have some challenges.
3. Thesis statement: Modern acting comes in a variety of
Paragraph 3: Traveling with friends can be an unforgettable
forms and can be classified in to three types: stage acting,
experience for several reasons.
television acting, and film acting.
Paragraph 4: Finally, people can choose to travel alone.
Points of development: stage acting, television acting, and film acting
4. Paragraph 2: Regardless of the challenges families may face
when traveling, this type of vacation always creates special
4. The thesis statement is similar. It gives the main idea and memories.
tells how the essay will be developed.
Paragraph 3: All in all, traveling with friends can be a 5. Answers will vary.
positive experience that results in a great vacation and, Activity 3, pages 90-91 likely, a stronger friendship.
Paragraph 4: In spite of this, many solo travelers love the I. Introduction
adventure and say that they learn a lot about themselves I. C. Thesis statement while traveling alone.
II. A. 2. Range from old plays to new ones 5. Answers will vary. II. B. 2. Sets stay the same Activity 7, page 96 II. C. 2. Must memorize lines II. D. 1. No editing
1. fighting brothers, expensive transportation, conflicting interests III. Television acting
2. similar personalities, lower expenses, positive impact on
III. A. 1. Best-known type of acting friendship
III. B. 1. Stories change every week
3. advantages: flexibility with transportation, no problems
III. D. 1. Teleprompters give lines
with sightseeing and scheduling, ability to meet people; IV. Type 3 disadvantages: loneliness
IV. A. 1. Begins with a screenplay 4. Answers will vary.
IV. C. 2. A lot of work for actors 5. an opinion Activity 4, page 92 Activity 8, page 98
1. Actors who perform in stage plays must be able to Answers will vary. memorize all their lines. Activity 9, page 99
2. African elephants, which have larger ears, are bigger than Asian elephants. Answers will vary. Answer Key 7 Possible answers:
BUILDING BETTER SENTENCES
2. Purpose: The purpose of this essay is to categorize different types of food. Activity 14, page 102
Three points of development: conventionally grown,
1. Hippos have unusual sweat who that/which turns red organic, junk when they are upset.
3. Purpose: The purpose of this essay is to classify different
2. The meteorologist's weather predict prediction turned out kinds of airplane passengers. to be completely wrong.
Three points of development: business traveler, vacation
3. A research Research suggests that 95 percent of people traveler, family traveler
text things that they would never say. 4. Answers will vary.
4. Holding hands while they sleep keep keeps sea otters from drifting apart.
BUILDING BETTER VOCABULARY
5. Easter Island is famous for their its giant statues, which are hundreds of years old. Activity 10, page 100 Activity 15, page 103 1. group 2. essential
Answers will vary. Possible answers: 3. cause
1. African elephants have one dome on their heads, but Asian elephants have two. 4. type
2. Although Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates have 5. bargain
no rivers, they both have wadis, riverbeds that are often dry. 6. possible
3. There is a garbage patch in the Pacific Ocean that is full of 7. nearly
plastic that was brought there by ocean currents. 8. respond Activity 16, page 104 9. miss 10. different Answers will vary.
Activity 11, pages 100–101 WRITING 1. flexible
Activities 17–23, pages 104–107 2. member Answers will vary. 3. face 4. employees
UNIT 5 Cause-Effect Essays 5. factor 6. generations
ELEMENTS OF GREAT WRITING 7. personality 8. ranging from Activity 1, page 111 9. whichever 1. The Causes of War 10. basis
2. Some Common Reasons for Quitting a Job
Activity 12, pages 101–102
5. The Impact of High Gasoline Prices 1. base/based Activity 2, page 112 2. basis Possible answers: 3. classification
less motivation, lower grades, more distraction, wasting time, 4. classifies/classified wasting mental energy 5. generational Activity 3, page 113 6. generation 7. personal I. A. Hook 8. personalize I. C. Thesis statement 9. replacement II. Psychological 10. replace II. B. Depression III. B. overall health Activity 13, page 102 III. C. Eye strain Answers will vary. IV. A–C. Answers will vary. V. A. thesis V. C. opinion
8 Great Writing 3: From Paragraphs to Essays
Activity 4, pages 114–116
5. There have been several days of record heat this year.
(present perfect for repeated states in the past that may 1. causes repeat in the future)
2. Hook: Most college students hope to achieve “academic
success,” but sometimes they are not sure how to reach Activity 10, page 119
this goal.; an interesting observation Possible answers:
3. Thesis statement: There are three specific strategies that
1. there was a great deal of flooding
helped him be successful: sitting in the front of the classroom,
previewing information, and talking with classmates.; the
2. had checked the plane three times
second sentence in the concluding paragraph
3. was working on her final project
4. a. sitting in the front of the class → more likely to
4. have migrated in the past decade participate
5. social media has grown dramatically
b. previewing information → more likely to understand Activity 11, page 120
c. talking with classmates → improved understanding 5. categorically 1. has 2. led Activity 5, page 116 3. needed 1. achieve 4. has grown 2. addition 5. has had 3. alternative Activity 12, page 121 4. discover 5. habit 1. for 6. improve 2. At 7. simply 3. on 8. specific 4. of 9. strategy 5. in 10. successful 6. in Activity 6, page 116 Activity 13, page 122 Answers will vary. Answers will vary. Activity 7, page 117 Activity 14, page 122 Answers will vary.
a. According to Mark Twain, "the only way to keep your
health is to eat what you don't want, drink what you don't Activity 8, page 118
like, and do what you'd rather not." Possible answers: Activity 15, page 123
1. are adding more computer engineering courses 1. For instance 2. social media 2. also 3. people should be prepared 3. so that 4. rigorous training programs 4. In addition 5. smoking 5. Another
6. they may not be comfortable with face to face interaction 6. Thus
7. people are spending more money Activity 16, page 124 Activity 9, page 119
3 People who take care of themselves enjoy psychological
1. Zach was giving his presentation when his cell phone went
beneficial benefits. For example, regular exercise
off. (past progressive for the action that was in progress;
produces endorphins, which are the body’s natural way to
simple past for the action that interrupted the one in
lift one’s mood. Better nutrition means that they people are progress)
also better equipped to deal with the stress of day-to-day life.
2. Dr. Silva researched the connection between stress and
Because of the effects that their healthy choices has have on
health until she retired. (simple past for both verbs because
their bodies, people with the a healthy lifestyle generally feel
they are completed past actions)
better about themselves. Most importantly, people who takes
3. The increase in housing construction has created a number
take care of themselves agree that they feel better about
of new jobs. (present perfect for a completed action that is
themselves because they have more self-confidence. important in the present)
4 Taking proper care of one’s health also leads to better
4. The online sale had already ended by the time Emir
a better social life. The confidence that a person gains from
decided to purchase the tablet. (past perfect for an
feeling healthy and in shape improve improves his or her social
action that happened before the action in the simple past)
and business relationships. Because health-minded people Answer Key 9
engage in a variety of physical activities, they had increased 9. implement
increase their chances of meeting other people. For example, 10. healthy
many people makes make friends at the locally local gym.
Similarly, someone who goes to beach the beach frequently to Activity 21, page 127
play volleyball greatly increases his or her chances of meeting
people. Since people who pursue a healthy lifestyle were 1. concept
feeling feel better about themselves, they are more likely to 2. conceptual have satisfying social lives. 3. confidence Activity 17, page 125 4. confident 1. makes 5. implement 2. to 6. implementation 3. are 7. participate 4. changing 8. participation 5. do not 9. risk 6. their 10. risky 7. until Activity 22, page 128 8. While Answers will vary. 9. healthy 10. are
BUILDING BETTER SENTENCES Activity 18, page 125 Activity 23, page 128
1. physical, psychological, and social benefits
1. Deciding on a job offer requires a great deal of careful thought. 2. effects
2. People who have implemented healthy diets sometimes
3. a. lower risk of disease, b. live longer, c. have better skin
go back to bad habits. / Sometimes people who have 4. categorically
implemented healthy diets go back to bad habits.
5. Thesis statement: In fact, there are physical, psychological,
3. Research shows that students who use specific strategies do
and social benefits to living a healthy lifestyle.; It is in the
better on tests. / Research shows that students who do better
last sentence of the concluding paragraph. (While pursuing
on tests use specific strategies.
a healthy lifestyle may require a good deal of time and
4. The economy was suffering because of a series of natural
energy, the physical, psychological, and social benefits are
disasters. / Because of a series of natural disasters, the well worth the effort.) economy was suffering.
5. Due to the decrease in passing scores on the exam, the
BUILDING BETTER VOCABULARY
college offered study sessions. / The college offered study
sessions due to the decrease in passing scores on the exam. Activity 19, page 126
Activity 24, pages 128–129 1. knowledgeable about 2. general idea
Answers will vary. Possible answers: 3. very dangerous
1. Many American adults are obese, which raises their risk of 4. a discussion heart disease and diabetes. 5. work hard at
2. Because of very bad weather and a large number of
sharks, rescuers could not reach the 150 whales that were
6. cause (note: effect may also be considered correct.
stranded on an Australian beach.
Result in means to cause, and result in leads to an effect.)
3. In 2008 U.S. banks lost a lot of money due to the many risky 7. danger loans they had made. 8. only 9. different Activity 25, page 129 10. huge
Answers will vary. Possible answers:
Activity 20, pages 126–127
1. Few people are completely aware of the dangers of global warming. 1. go over 2. transform
2. Before beginning a complex project, it is a good idea to have a specific plan. 3. satisfying
3. Many young people today want to pursue a career in 4. confidence environmental science. 5. participate in
4. She has a tremendous opportunity to travel to India next 6. pattern summer. 7. risk
5. It is important to implement a healthy lifestyle when you 8. specific are young.
10 Great Writing 3: From Paragraphs to Essays WRITING
5. France produces wonderful cheeses. Similarily, Italy is
known for its excellent cheeses
Activities 26–28, pages 129–131 Activity 6, page 144 Answers will vary. 1. better
UNIT 6 Comparison Essays 2. longer 3. more difficult
ELEMENTS OF GREAT WRITING 4. hottest 5. more casual Activity 1, page 134 6. more quickly
2. Laptop and Desktop Computers 7. most impressive
4. Growing Up as an Only Child and Growing Up with Siblings 8. worst 5. Male and Female Bosses 9. snowiest
Activity 2, pages 137–138 10. the same I. Introduction Activity 7, page 145 II. B. 1. Location
Answers will vary. Possible answers: II. B. 2. names 1. transportation, hotels III. A. Chicago 2. fun activities III. B. Miami 3. water supply, wildfires III. B. 2. temperature
4. temperatures fall, trees lose leaves, people stay inside IV. comparison
5. manage their time well, get enough sleep, limit distractions IV. A. 3. Effects
6. Los Angeles, weather, food, attractions IV. B. 2. hurricanes Activity 8, page 145
Activity 3, pages 138–140 1. office supplies
1. The purpose of this essay is to compare weather in Chicago 2. The sentence is correct. and Miami. 3. more sharply than 2. point-by-point 4. the most important
3. Hook: What constitutes a desirable climate to live in? Type 5. healthier of hook: question
6. better public transportation
4. Thesis statement: Two U.S. cities that illustrate this are
Chicago and Miami, large urban areas whose climates Activity 9, page 146
could not be more different.; yes.
a. Have you ever wondered what it would be like to pilot a
Thesis restated: It is clear that each city's climate is plane? different.
5. Topic sentence 1: The first difference is the number of seasons. Activity 10, page 147
Topic sentence 2: Another difference is the extreme 1. As temperatures in both cities. 2. Both
Topic sentence 3: Finally, Chicago and Miami have different 3. For example kinds of severe weather.
Each topic sentence states one of the differences in climate 4. also between the two cities. 5. Another 6. an opinion 6. instance Activity 4, page 141 7. In addition 8. even though Answers will vary. Activity 11, page 148
Activity 5, pages 142–143
4 Both types of planes have similar parts as well. Both have
Answers will vary. Possible answers:
a throttle that controls the speedy speed of the plane. Both are
1. Both Riyadh and Dubai have stunning architecture
using use a rudder on the vertical tail fin that steers plane the
2. Residents of Los Angeles rely on their cars. Conversely,
plane left and right while in the air. In addition, real airplanes
New Yorkers rely on public transportation
and model airplanes uses use ailerons on the wings, allowing
3. While large cities offer cultural entertainment and a variety
the planes to move to the left or to the right. In a real airplane,
of shopping, small towns are often friendlier
a foot pedal steered steers the plane left and right while in
the air and guides the plane left and right while it is sitting on
4. Traveling by plane can be stressful. On the other hand,
the ground. Similarly, a remote-controlled switch accomplish traveling by ship is relaxing
accomplishes the same left-right motion on a model airplane. Answer Key 11
5 The average person is surprisingly surprised to find that 9. threatening
there are so many similarities between model airplanes and 10. threaten
flying real airplanes real airplanes. Just like a real plane, a
model airplane requires pre-flight procedures, how it operates Activity 16, page 151
operates on the same principles of physics, and has similar
parts and systems. Although it is not exactly the same as the Answers will vary.
original. A , a model airplane is quite close to it. Like flying on
real planes, flying model planes will likely continue to be a
BUILDING BETTER SENTENCES
popular activity in the years to come. Activity 12, page 148 Activity 17, page 152
1. The purpose of this essay is to compare model airplanes
Scientists have begun mapping three giant cave caves with real airplanes.
in China using laser scanning technology. This expedition
2. pre-flight procedures, the physics of flying, and parts/
marks the first time anyone attempts has attempted to use systems 3. point-by-point
this technology to map underground caves. The technology
4. Thesis statement: In fact, the experience of flying a model
is especially useful because it is difficult to see the walls and
airplane is remarkably similar to piloting a real plane.; yes
ceilings in the large caves with traditional lights. For the
(Although it is not exactly the same as the original, a model
airplane is quite close to it.)
scientists, the highlight of the expedition seeing images of
50-meter-tall stalagmites. the highlight of the expedition was
BUILDING BETTER VOCABULARY
seeing images of 50-meter-tall stalagmites. Stalagmites are Activity 13, page 149
beautiful columns that rise from the floor of the cave. Without
the lasers, this would not have been possibility possible. Lasers 1. succeed 2. continue
can also be used for other things such as medical procedures. 3. allowed
Laser scanning technology will help scientists to better 4. show
understand caves for years to come. 5. active Activity 18, page 153 6. first
It is possible that life already exist exists on Mars. Some 7. rule
scientists believe that water have existed has existed on Mars 8. surprising
for two or three billion years. Scientists have also discovered 9. strong
methane gas on Mars. On our planet Earth, microbes, single- 10. danger
celled life forms, is are able to live on the bottom of the
ocean by eat eating methane. Finding any live life on Mars,
Activity 14, pages 149–150
even microbes, would be one of the bigger biggest scientific discoveries of all time. 1. spin 2. constitute Activity 19, page 153 3. resident
Answers will vary. Possible answers: 4. procedure
1. Stars, which contain a lot of extreme heat, are light years 5. paralyzed away from Earth. 6. original
2. Coffee farming can be environmentally friendly, sustainable, and profitable. 7. preference
3. A period of heavy rain in Kenya exposed a big crack in the 8. freedom
earth that measures 50 feet deep and 65 feet wide. 9. illustrate 10. constant WRITING
Activity 15, pages 150–151 Activity 20, page 154 1. accomplishment Answers will vary. 2. accomplished 3. constant
UNIT 7 Problem-Solution Essays 4. constantly 5. freedom
ELEMENTS OF GREAT WRITING 6. free Activity 1, page 159 7. prefer 8. preference
Answers will vary. Possible answers:
12 Great Writing 3: From Paragraphs to Essays
2. not using social media, unfriending people II. B. 2. friendships
3. doing yoga, meditating, getting enough sleep III. communication
4. protecting wildlife, raising awareness III. A. Reach out
5. giving young adults technical training, providing III. B. 1. sad
counseling, providing internships III. B. 2. support
6. using secure passwords, not sharing your computer IV. B. action Activity 2, page 161 Activity 6, page 167 1. as though 1. S 2. unless 2. CX 3. Because 3. S 4. Since 4. CX 5. When 5. CX 6. so that 6. S 7. Although 7. S 8. even though 8. C Activity 3, page 161 9. C
1. Teenagers often feel as though they are alone. 10. CX
2. Sea levels will continue to rise unless climate change is Activity 7, page 168 slowed down.
Answers will vary. Possible answer:
3. Because children do not get enough exercise, they are becoming unhealthier.
Preventing Head Injuries in Sports
4. Since unemployment has increased in the past year,
Many sports such as football, hockey, soccer, and rugby, involve
consumer spending has dropped significantly.
physical contact. Kids who play these sports often hit their
heads and get concussions. Too many concussions cause brain
5. When athletes train too hard, they often sustain injuries.
damage. There are two solutions to this problem. First, sporting
6. One should always prepare for a job interview so that it can
authorities can change the rules to reduce physical contact. For go as smoothly as possible.
example, a rule could forbid tackling. Second, athletes can use
7. Although the Internet allows people to get information
better safety equipment. For example, rugby players could be
quickly, the information is not always reliable. required to wear headgear.
8. People sometimes continue bad habits even though these
Activity 8, pages 169–170
habits have a negative effect on their lives.
1. The purpose of this essay is to present solutions to the
Activity 4, pages 162–164
problem of students’ poor time management.
Answers will vary for connecting the paragraph and essay.
2. Students struggle because they are ill-equipped to handle
their time wisely. This can impact grades, happiness, and
1. The purpose of this essay is to present solutions to the fear
health, and it can be a barrier to success. of public speaking.
3. planning their schedule and limiting distractions
2. a multiple-solution approach
4. break studying up into chunks; plan out the week in
3. Hook: According to several recent surveys, the biggest fear
advance/budget time each day; do important things first
for most people is the fear of making a speech in public.; a fact
5. limit the number of hours spent on social media and
on watching TV each day; avoid social media until after
4. The thesis is restated in the last sentence of the conclusion important tasks are done
(Whether giving the commencement speech at a
graduation or a simple toast at a wedding, with proper
6. Answers will vary. Possible answer: the second solution
practice and audience empathy, it is possible to overcome because it provides more facts
the fear of public speaking and deliver a successful speech.) Activity 9, page 171
5. jobs, classes, and social events require public speaking
Answers will vary. Possible answer:
6. sufficient practice and using positive energy from the
It seems that every day, the number of distractions is audience
increasing and the amount of time is decreasing. There is 7. restate the thesis
no question that social media has greatly enriched people’s
lives. When too much time is spent on distractions, however, Activity 5, page 165
accomplishing tasks becomes more and more difficult,
especially for students. In addition, students need to realize I. A. Hook
that time is a limited resource and plan their time wisely. In II. A. Stay busy
sum, poor time management prevents students from being II. A. 2. no time
successful, both in school and in their lives. Luckily, this barrier
can be overcome rather easily by following these simple II. B. people recommendations. Answer Key 13
BUILDING BETTER VOCABULARY
lights on and off around the home. These lights come on when Activity 10, page 172
people leave or enter a home. But home, but the lights turn off
after a few minutes. This automatic system saves money and 1. appear
electric electricity, and it will also reduce the amount of light 2. subject 3. give
that pollutes neighborhoods around the United States. If we 4. part
each do our part to limit the use of light at night. The night, the 5. attention
beautiful night sky will be appreciated by a greater number of 6. responsibility
people, especially in urban areas. 7. keep Activity 15, page 175 8. small 9. questions
Answers will vary. Possible answers: 10. job
1. Every two weeks a language dies with its last speaker,
so by the next century, 50–90 percent of languages will
Activity 11, pages 172–173 disappear. 1. prioritize
2. Made from soy and peas, the meat substitute is so tasty
that some customers may not taste the difference. 2. deliver
3. Some coral reefs that were endangered by development in 3. ill-equipped
Jordan were moved to a new location where they are now 4. overcome doing well. 5. barriers Activity 16, page 176 6. surveys 7. aspects Answers will vary. 8. distraction WRITING 9. exposure 10. obligations
Activity 17, pages 176–177 Activity 12, page 173 Answers will vary. 1. delivery 2. deliver 3. diversify 4. diversity 5. exposure 6. expose 7. obligation 8. obligatory 9. terror 10. terrify Activity 13, page 174 Answers will vary. BUILDING BETTER SENTENCES Activity 14, page 174
The night skies are so bright in the United States that most
people under the age of 40 has have never experienced true
darkness. Astronomers have the a scale for rating darkness,
with 1 being the darkest and 9 the brightest. Because of light
pollution, most people live in levels 5 through 8. Not only does
too much light at night waste electricity, it can also cause sleep
problem problems, obesity, and even cancer. One solution
to this problem will be is to use motion detectors to turn the
14 Great Writing 3: From Paragraphs to Essays