Key Concepts and Tasks for Contrast & Comparison | Môn Writing AE2 - Trường Đại học Quốc tế, Đại học Quốc gia Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh

lOMoAR cPSD| 58137911 Lecture 4
• Categories: danh mục, phân loại
• Classification: sự phân loại
• Vd: Education: primary Highschool University ( different level of categories) (cấp 1,2 ,3,…)
Phân loại học sinh: giỏi, khá, trb Classification
Liên quan đến Contrast and Comparison
• Btap trong sách : Task 6 ( pg.27) - Scheme: kế hoạch - Enterprise: xí nghiệp - Multinational: đa quốc gia
1. Business field: Nhánh 1: Global corporation, multinational (worldwide scale)
Nhánh 2: local company, regional enterprises (domestic scale) Based on the
range of operation. (dựa trên phạm vi hoạt động của cty).
2. Religions field: Nhánh 1: Buddhism. (Multitheistic: Budha and others)
Nhánh 2 : Christanity (sub-categories: Catholic and prosetant) ,
Judaism, Islam (sub-catergories: Shia, Sunni) (Monotheistic: God)
3. (Thầy chưa sửa) Audio equipment: Nhánh 1: CD player, speakers Nhánh 2: amplifier, CDs
• Task 5 (pg.25) : Chọn từ 2-3 ý để viết bài, sử dụng factual info.
Vd: The effects can be classified on the basis of students’ attitudes and teaching method (topic: online studying)
• Chia nhỏ phân loại: classification sub-classes (rẽ nhánh) • Task 1 (pg.25) -
Topic: Collective support ( for old-aged people) - Three overlapping systems: o Economic: Paid work
Unpaid work: farming, childcare,… Thầy sửa lại :
Pensions Working:
Paid (civil servant: công chức)
Unpaid: childcare, farming,..(sau khi về hưu) o Family: Workplace Food source Shelter Emotional support Care provider Thầy sửa lại :
Physical support: food and accommodation Emotional support lOMoAR cPSD| 58137911
o Formal collectives: (collective ở đây hiểu là nhà dưỡng lão, nursing home)
Charities: ward off destitution, not a real safety net.
Different version of welfare state
• Page 26: Khi thi có schemes -
Chủ yếu dùng head words hoặc noun phrase (Ving) trong schemes -
Được viết tắt: allow abbreviatin and symbols. - Form:
1. Branching : vertical hoặc horizontal
2. Listing (outine): giống nãy h làm trên word 3. Table -
Đọc nhiều sách, tìm nhiều nguồn tư liệu [ các bài báo KH đăng trên tạp chí chuyên ngành
note lại ý quan trọng làm schemetic (tổng hợp ttin) Viết ra bài summary hoàn chỉnh. ]: sử dụng pphap paraphrase. Lecture 6 (Unit 4) - Feature: o
Coherent: mạch lạc: vd: Therefore, However,..(dùng transition) o Conhesive: o
Concise: chặt chẽ o Clear: trong sáng, rõ ràng o
Stylish: Vietnamese style differ from English style
It makes your writing remarkable. - Wordy = Verbose: dài dòng -
The clarity pinciples is taken very seriously in English academic:
o Convey, how to express your idea clearly, imply (ngụ ý, ẩn ý), infer (suy diễn),… Khả
năng để người đọc hiểu ý mình nói, hiểu ẩn ý và suy diễn ra từ lời nói của mình. lOMoAR cPSD| 58137911
writer should make everything clear to the readers. - Terminology: thuật ngữ - Jargon: biệt ngữ - Task 4 (pg.51):
o the ability to retain memory - content (a): bằng lòng -
Relative Clause ( Adjective Clause): Mệnh đề quan hệ (Mệnh đề tính từ) :
Vd: A doctor is a person who is qualified…
Realtive pronounce: (Bắt đầu với ) who, whom, which, that, whose.
Relative adverbs: where, when, why
Noun antecedent (Non-restrictive) (Danh từ tiên vị tự): o Proper noun: Vd: New York city,
Newton,…: ghi rõ địa danh hoặc người cụ thể, thì sau N phải có dấu phẩy o Along with
demonstratives: This, That,… : vd This student,..: sau đó có dấu phẩy.
o Along with Possitive adjective : My, your,…: vd: My student,…: xác định rõ nên b -
Vd: A lady whom you met yesterday is kind-hearted.
Ms. Janet whom you met yesterday is kind-hearted.
Restrictive Clause: whom you met yesterday is kind-hearted: giới hạn được người được nhắc đến.
Non-restrictive Clause: Ms. Janet, whom you met yesterday, is kind-hearted: có cx được mà k có cx k sao.
Vd: We practive English everyday, which make us… : ảnh hưởng trực tiếp đến mệnh đề chính.
Compound complex: I have many students,_and*___ some of them are workers câu kép. *: and, or, but,…. lOMoAR cPSD| 58137911
I have many students,_and*___ some of them whom are workers câu phức.
K dùng dấu phẩy đúng cách là sẽ bị trừ điểm. Kỳ này viết ít, tập trung vào ngữ pháp chủ yếu. -
Relative clause reduce into Participal Phrase (Pre. Part Ving/ Past Part Ved/3 o The girls who
prepare dinner…are my sister. The girls who prepare preparing dinner…are my sister.
o The boys who are scoled by their parents. The boys who are scoled by their parents. -
Relative clause reduce into Appositive Phrase.
o The students who are in the classroom listen to their teacher.
The students who are in the classroom listen to their teacher
The students who are being in the classroom listen to their teacher o
We are living in HCM city, which is a modern city in Vietnam.
We are living in HCM City, which is (being) a modern city in Vietnam. Lecture 7 (Review Midterm) -
The structure of an Essay: I/ Intro :
1. General statement: (2-3 câu)
o Scope : (lĩnh vực Giáo dục Giáo dục đóng 1 vai trò quan trọng: mở đầu mạnh
dạn, dứt khoát, nói ra tính chất của nó: vd: Education plays a critical role in any humanity society)
o Background information: ( cái j cần nói ở thân bài thì k đưa lên đây, mà nói thêm
những cái j liên quan đến giáo dục: nhờ giáo dục mà đc lợi j: intellectual, tri thức, tạo ra xh văn minh,…) 2. Thesis statement:
o Own viewpoint (question raised) lOMoAR cPSD| 58137911
Cách dùng câu: thay vì với topic này, k dùng Nonetheless,… Strikingly,… Vd:
Đáng chú ý, thay đối vs sự phát triển của CN hiện nay, chúng ta có pp học
online, bên cạch pp học truyền thống.
Feature (những điểm đặc thù) of two difference type of…will be put under
consideration/compariosn…//… will be compared/ considered/ evaluated on
effectiveness/ interaction. (Đến đây là kết thúc mở bài đc r) II/ Body:
1. Đoạn 1: Transition word,….Topic sentence (point to be discussed on this paragraph). (ko có
because, giải thích, mà chỉ chỉ ra sẽ nói j trong đoạn này) Có thể đưa ra analysis, argument,
reason (caarn thận, k giải thích: How chứ kp Why What for?(cách dạy ra sao,..) ) ,… Dùng cho
văn Comparison/Contrast sẽ tốt hơn.
2. Các kiểu viết: a. AAA-BBB b. AB-AB-AB
3. Factual information: chỉ cần đưa thông tin cụ thể ra, ngta đọc vào ngta công nhận nó đúng là đc.
4. Đoạn 2: Trans word ( On the second thought, On the other hand,…) III/ Conclusion:
1. Signal, ….Summary (Rethesis Statement: cx là ý đó ở MB nhưng kết luận lại cho khác )
2. Your comment (bén, góc nhìn sâu sắc, k giải thích,…)
Pay attention: academic language and clear text structure (Thầy chó viết khoảng 300 từ thôi là đc, k
cần dài, mà phải chính xác.)
Vd: So sánh lối sống ở nông thôn thành thị, sự phát triển KHKT hiện nay và 20 năm trc, Ứng dụng
của KHKT hiện nay và 20 năm trc, ss 1 trường đh Vn và 1 trường đh ở nước ngoài (IU và Havard) Midterm Practice:
Topic: Write and easy to compare and contrast an online class with a traditional face-to-face class. Pay
attention to the use of academic language and a clear text structure.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, teaching online can become a better approach to education.
While ensuring that students can gain enough knowledge in their grades, they also hoped
those online classes will be qualified enough. In this essay, two types of effects can be
classified based on teaching method and student attitude. Fix: lOMoAR cPSD| 58137911
During the COVID-19 pandemic, teaching online became a popular approach to education.
This method of teaching was effective, in that students had access to a variety of classes that
could be taken from the comfort of their own homes, on the contrary, conventional classes
also play a critical roles in any human society. In this essay, some features of two difference
type of class will be put under consideration, including teaching method and student attitude.
On the one hand, the teaching method can be properly considered as a main tool to transmit
valuable knowledge to students, as long as we use the right method for the right type of
students. When teachers contact directly with their students in a class, they tend to discover
many sides of their students, such as self-learning ability, communication skills, and lesson
understanding. Therefore, they can list out many solutions to post their student's
development. On the contrary, the online method seems more difficult to help teachers
recognize those students’ problems, especially when the percentage of student interaction
can be decreased dramatically. Students are likely to avoid turning on their micro or camera
and less interact with the teacher even with those students having great performances in classes. Fix:
On the one hand, the appropriate teaching method can be important for the learning success
of students. When teachers directly contact their students in a class, they can often find out
more about the students' individual needs and learning styles, which in turn can enable them
to better adapt their teaching and materials in order to cater (phục vụ) to the individual needs
of their students. This is especially important as not all students learn best in the same way.
As a contrast, the online method can present challenges that make it more difficult for
teachers to properly address student needs and concerns. For example, it can often be the
case that students will avoid turning on their microphones or cameras when they are in an
online class, which can make it difficult for the teacher to interact with and monitor those students.
On the other hand, students' attitudes play the most important role to decide determine the
quality of courses students, who study face-to-face with teachers most of the time, tend to
be friendlier and easy to understand their lessons. Similarly, with those students paying more
attention to online classes, they usually pass the exam with flying colors. Thus, even if students
study online or offline method, their self-discipline could be the most significant part determining their success. Fix: lOMoAR cPSD| 58137911
On the other hand, student attitudes are one of the most crucial factors that can determine
the quality of courses that students take. Students who study face-to-face with teachers on a
regular basis tend to be more friendly and engaged with the material, which can help them
to understand the lessons and do well on exams. Likewise, it is important to note that students
who pay more attention to their online classes are more likely to be successful than those
who are less engaged. It is important to note that, overall, a student's diligence and self-
discipline are indeed crucial factors that can help them to be successful in their studies,
regardless of whether they learn in person or online.
In conclusion, the traditional teaching method can bring more advantages for students than
the online approach. I firmly believe that the teaching method and self-discipline towards
students are the most important factors for successful class performance. Fix:
In conclusion, there are many differences between two types of classes, still the traditional
teaching method can often provide more benefits for students than the online approach.
Furthermore, the level of self-discipline displayed by students, as well as the quality of the
teaching methods used by the teacher, are crucial factors when it comes to having a
successful class performance.
Topic 2: Write an easy to compare and contrast to teaching styles in high school in at university. Pay
attention to the use of academic language in clear text structure. (Intro+Body1)
Education plays a critical role in our humanity society, therefore, after graduating from high
school, university is the next stage that can be selected to pursue in a higher different level of
an progressive education. While those teaching styles in two different categories above can
be distinctive, somehow its distinctiveness should be identified. The effects may be classified
on the basis of materials and future purposes.
On the one hand, the resources of materials are the greater change in higher level of
education. In high school, teachers usually provide their students many files and review
outline so that students can use those files and classroom instruction to improve their
performances before their examinations. There is typically a more direct approach to learning
in this style, with more emphasis being placed on rote memorization and recitation. However,
at many universities, such as IU, lecturers’ slides are considerated as the only trustworthy lOMoAR cPSD| 58137911
materials for student to refer, hence, ebooks or librabry books become an alternative solution
for their studying. This style encourages students to explore topics on their own and take
responsibility for their own learning based on flexibility and open-ended mind.
Topic 3: Write an easy to compare and contrast to teaching styles in high school in at university. Pay
attention to the use of academic language in clear text structure. (Body 2 + Conclu)
On the other hand, the difference of communities is also undeniable. In rural areas, relationships between
individuals in a neighbourhood tend to be tight and close-knit, and they attachedt o each others not only
on the physical aspect but also the emotional view. While rural communities is considerated as close and
friendly, community in urban area seems to be far-off. The main reason for this explanation is related to
the hectic schedules and numerous workload made people become busier and spend less time for their
individuals around them, sometimes even their family members.
In conclusion, there are many differences between rural and urban areas as the communication and
relationships among people in the society. Nonetheless, the smilarity in two paritcular, such as appropriate
lifestyle in distinctive places, cannot be ignored. Therefore, people living in differecent types of areas
might get other benefits and disadvantages, mostly based on their living standard.
Topic 3: Write a compare/contrast essay (about 300 words) about life in Vietnam now
and a decade ago. Pay attention to the use of academic language and a (Intro + Body 1) clear text structure
Vietnam, a country possess many picturesque landscapes and valuable national resources. This country
has been mordernized and progressed in every decade to aim the higher goal which is the development
of society and increasing of standard of living for every individual. In this essay, the effects maybe classified
on the basis of standard of living and social landscape.
On the one hand, standard of living is considerated as the most innovative step in Vietam. A decade ago,
people hardly afford to meet their basic needs. For example, most citizens living in poverty might struggle
to afford basic necessities, whereas a few people in the upper class might be able to afford a more
luxurious lifestyle. Therefore, the development of a country over a decade has made a greater change in
citizens’ income and expenditures based on Government’s policies to civilize and modernize our country.
The poor now can rent social housing with cheaper prices and find job easier due to the the economic growth in Vietnam.