Key to Cornucopia Word formation 2
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Môn: Chủ đề: Word formation - Từ loại
Trường: Tài liệu dành cho học sinh chuyên Anh
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Môn:
Chủ đề: Word formation - Từ loại
Trường:
Tài liệu dành cho học sinh chuyên Anh
Tác giả:
Tài liệu liên quan:
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Advanced word formation
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ANSWER KEY Notes
More practice on phrasal nouns and adjectives can be found in Cambridge
Phrasal Verbs in Use, Oxford Word Skills: Phrasal Verbs & Idioms and practically any
book that deals with or contains lessons on phrasal verbs. Phrasal compounds are
limited and easy to teach, so it’s a good idea to collect them from phrasal verbs
dictionaries and create a ‘Resource’ bank. (A) 1. contraindications 2. unpredictable 3. self-contradictory 4. non-addictive 5. bioindicators (B) 1. cide/cidal 2. vore/vorous 3. ship 4. hood 5. tight (C) 1. antipathetic 2. bypaths 3. unsympathetically 4.
sociopathic/idiopathic/psychopathic 5. pathfinders 6. path-breaking 7. naturopathy 8. apathetic 9. pathway 10. warpath (D) 1. before or ahead of time 2. together 3. (a)round 4. after or later 5. throw 6. go or come 7. name 8. time 9. carry or bring 10. writing (E) 1. A, inaudible 2. B, autoimmunity 3. A, beneficiaries 4. C, predecessors (F) 1. A 2. F 3. C 4. G 5. B 6. H 7. E 8. D (G) 1. uncouth 2. indelibly 3. Inept 4. inflammatory 5. incorrigible 6. incandescent 7. innocuous 8. dismay 9. insidious 10. ungainly 11. inflammables 12. unkempt
Notes on Origins & Usage
Uncouth originally meant ‘unknown’. For much of its history, most people would
not have used or understood its opposite, couth. This originally meant ‘known’ but was
later only used in Scottish English, for ‘kind’ or ‘comfortable’. Uncouth, though,
developed a fully independent life. It came to refer to unsophisticated language or style
in the late 17th century, and then to uncultured or ill-mannered people or behaviour. In
1896 the English essayist and critic Max Beerbohm (1872–1956) was the first to
use couth as a deliberate opposite of uncouth meaning ‘cultured, well-mannered’.
Ungainly developed in a similar way. There is a word gainly, but it has never
been common and its original meaning, ‘suitable, fitting’, now occurs only in Scottish
dialect. Gainly came from the old word gain, which was used especially in the senses
‘kindly’ and ‘convenient’, and is of Scandinavian origin.
The words inflammable and flammable both have the same meaning, ‘easily set
on fire’. This might seem surprising, given that the prefix in- normally has a negative
meaning (as in indirect and insufficient), and so it might be expected
that inflammable would mean the opposite of flammable, i.e. ‘not easily set on fire’. In
fact, inflammable is formed using a different Latin prefix in-, which has the meaning
‘into’ and here has the effect of intensifying the meaning of the word in English (also as
in incandescent). Flammable is a far commoner word than inflammable and carries less risk of confusion.
People have only combed their hair since around 1400; before that they would
have kembed it and their hair would have been kempt. These are forms of the old
word kemb, which was eventually replaced by the related word comb, an Old English
word which may have the underlying sense of ‘tooth’. The term has survived, though,
sometimes in the form kempt but especially in unkempt, which has come to mean
‘untidy or dishevelled’ rather than ‘uncombed’. (H) 1. bespectacled 2. bioprospecting 3. disrespectful 4. introspective 5. multispectral 6. perspective 7. irrespective 8. retrospect 9. self-respecting 10. unsuspectedly Teaching Tips
You may also want to ask your students to answer the following question:
(6+) His book is an engaging and __________ exploration of the many facets, in
Britain and abroad, of the old amateur game. (PERSPECTIVE) Answer: perspicacious
In early use perspective was a name for the science of optics: it comes from
medieval Latin perspectiva (ars) ‘science of optics’, from perspicere ‘look at closely’.
The notion of perspective in drawings dates from the end of the 16th century. The same
verb lies behind perspicacious (early 17th century) which comes from the Latin for ‘seeing clearly’. (I) 1. unpasteurised 2. panic-mongering 3. Panic-stricken 4. supervolcano 5. biodiesel 6. photovoltaic (J) 1. non-avian, aves 2. inauspiciously 3. disgruntlement 4. peroration 5. oracle 6. sightseers 7. antivivisection 8. viperous 9. televisually 10. televisable 11. televisionary 12. indestructibly 13. non-destructive 14.
self-destructive/auto-destructive 15. pan-destruction 16. non-proliferation 17.
counterproliferation/anti-proliferation Notes on Origins
The Latin word for ‘bird’, avis, is the root of a number of English words that
relate to birds such as aviary, aviation, etc. and their derivatives.
An auspex was a person who observed the flight of birds for omens about what to
do in important matters. A related word, auspicium, meant ‘taking omens from birds’.
Like auspex, it came from avis ‘bird’ and specere ‘to look’, and is the source of auspice,
(in)auspicious, etc. and their derivatives.
An auspex was also known as an augur (again, avis ‘bird’ is the root of this word,
together with garrire ‘to talk’), hence inaugural, inaugurate, etc. Teaching Tips
Extension: words with vis, vid, view; words with see, sight (K) 1. semi-darkness 2. micro-environments 3. umbriferous 4. innermost 5. even-handed 6. long-awaited 7. scot-free 8. far-fetched 9. autopilot 10. white-knuckled 11. far-flung 12. tank-farming 13. molten 14. matriarchal 15. spring-cleaning 16. hard-earned 17.
half-truths/untruths/part-truths 18. fast-tracked 19. full-fledged 20. outstripping 21. biofeedback 22. watered-down 23. uprisings 24. walk-through 25. cooling-off 26. longed-for 27. long-drawn-out 28. unputdownable 29. bygone 30. throughput 31. clampdown 32. downtrodden 33. backtrack 34. downplaying 35. meltdown 36. bypassing 37. sell-by 38. offshoring 39. outsource 40. dressing-downs Teaching Tips
Extension: compounds with far, long, most, by; compounds ending with
prepositions (e.g. unlooked-for, uncalled-for, unheard-of); derivatives and compounds
with awareness of fixed phrases and collocations