LECTURE LANGUAGE
To signal the topic: + Our topic today is + We’ll be talking about
+ What I want to talk about today is
+ Let’s go back to our discussion of
+ Let’s continue our discussion of
To signal the big picture
+ First, we’ll look at … and then we’ll move on to look at
+ I’m going to cover … and then
+ We’ll discuss several reasons for …
To introduce a new point + Now + Let’s start with
+ First, … Next, … In addition, … Finally, …
To give an example
+ Let’s me give you an example of this + One example is + For example/instance +Let’s look at an example
+ Let’s take … as an example
+ To illustrate/ This is illustrated
To introduce a definition + What is X? + X means… + How do we define the term X + By X I mean + X is the term for
+ What I mean when I say X is … + In other words,
To emphasize a point + In fact, + It’s clear that..
+ To highlight what I’ve just said
+ I want to stress/emphasize/point out that …
+ It’s important to understand + the fundamental point is … +Here’s the bottom line + Pay attention to this
To signal the end of an idea and the beginning of a new idea
+ Now we’ve talked about … Let’s move on to
+ That’s enough about … Let’s go to the next part
To introduce a theory + It’s very probable that + It’s likely that + It makes sense that + We assume that
SYMBOLS & ABBREVIATIONS Symbol Meaning Example w/ with A war was fought w/ NATO w/o without They fought w/o fear w/i / within
There are problems w/i the company i.e. that is, in other words
A Siamese, i.e. a cat, is a fun cat. e.g. for example
Professionals, e.g. doctors and lawyers met here. etc. et cetera, so forth
Cats, dogs, etc., make good pets. b/c because
We pay taxes b/c it’s the law. b/4 before Chicken b/4 eggs? b/w between b/w 15 & 30 kgs re: regarding, about
I need to see you re: the sales figures. esp. especially
Tobacco, esp. cigarettes, causes can cancer. min. minimum The min. is $400. max. maximum
The max. number of people in an elevator is 10. gov’t. government The gov’t helped the people. ASAP as soon as possible Finish your exam ASAP. wrt. write wrt #3 rt right rt side yr/yrs year/years She’s 5 yrs old. c. circa, about This picture is c. 1900. around, from the year vs versus, as opposed to Purple vs green ch chapter Read ch 8. Q question Q: What is that? A answer A: I don’t know! ex example Look at ex 4. wd/wds word/words 25 vocabulary wds ref reference ref required diff difference What is the diff? sth something sth happened. cf. compare cf. original text. Co. company The firm of Smith & Co. comm.. communication Refer comm. Department prof. professor prof. Wilson info. information info. society
leads to, produces, causes, makes Practice improvement comes from, is the result of Success determination
increased, increasing, goes up, rises Taxes 200% last year.
decreases, decreasing, lowering Salaries this year. & and coffee & cream @ at I’ll be home @ 4:00. / per 17 miles/gallon p/pp page/pages Read p. 89 ¶ paragraph Rewrite ¶ # 4 § section Read § 7 again therefore I think I am male, man = female, woman = change big K thousand 10 K G8 great G8 talent K9 canine K9 cops AXN Action AXN channel BCE Before common era = BC 500 BCE Intl International Intl relations Ave average ave rate Glob global glob warming Def definition by def MATH SYMBOLS + plus, in addition, and, also He rides a bike + he skates. - minus - 28 = equal to, is Seoul = largest city in Korea. ≠ not equal, is not results ≠ data ~ about, approximately He’s ~ 17 yrs old. ft/ foot, feet He’s 6 ft tall. ‘/ “ feet/ inches She’s 5’2”. X times 5 X the diameter of the earth. > greater than 6 > 2 < less than My salary is < yours. $ money, cost, price He left his $ at home. % percent 12% of the employees came. #/#s/no/nos number/numbers Please answer # 7. ht height ht 5’3 wt weight wt 150 2 to Time 2 go! 2 people Me 2 4 for, four English 4 Today