Lý thuyết tổng hợp các thì Tiếng Anh.

CÁC THÌ THÔNG DỤNG TRONG TIẾNG ANH

I. THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE: THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN

• Cách thêm s/ es :

• Cách phát âm s/es chuẩn
• Phát âm “s” là /s/

Ví dụ:

cats /kæts/ (mèo)

books /bʊks/ (sách)

like /laɪks/ (thích)

• Phát âm “s” là /z/

Ví dụ:

dogs /dɔːɡz/ (chó)

trees /triːz/ (cây)

plays /pleɪz/ (chơi)

• Phát âm “es” là /ɪz/

Ví dụ:

buses /ˈbʌsɪz/ (xe buýt)

watches /ˈwɒtʃɪz/ (xem)

fixes /ˈfɪksɪz/ (sửa chữa)

• BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN:

Bài 1: Hoàn thành bảng sau, thêm đuôi s/es vào sau các động từ sao cho đúng.

Bài 2: Viết lại các câu sau ở thể khẳng định (+), thể phủ định (-), thể nghi vấn (?) của thì HTĐ:

1. (+) He goes to the cinema.

(-) ___________________________________

(?) ___________________________________

1. (+)___________________________________

(-) James doesn’t like strawberry

(?) ___________________________________

1. (+)___________________________________

(-) ___________________________________

(?) Do they work in this software company?

1. (+) His new trousers are black

(-) ___________________________________

(?) ___________________________________

Bài 3: Khoanh tròn vào câu trả lời đúng

1. My sister (go/goes) ice skating every winter
2. They seldom (have/has) dinner with each other.
3. I (come/ comes) from Ha Noi, Viet Nam.
4. Jim and I (don’t/ doesn’t ) go to school by bus.
5. His hobby (is/are) collecting stamps
6. Jane and I (am/ are) best friends.
7. My cat doesn’t (eat/eats) vegetables.
8. (Does/ Do) your mother finish her work at 4 o’clock?
9. We (watch/watches) TV every day.
10. Peter never (forgets/ forget) to do his homework.
11. Tom always (win/ wins) when he plays chess
12. (Do/ Are) you a student?
13. Mice (is/are) afraid of cats.
14. How does your father (travel/ travels) to work every day?
15. They sometimes (go/goes) sightseeing in rural areas.

Bài 4: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc ở thì hiện tại đơn.

1. Nurses and doctors (work)___________ in hospitals.
2. This schoolbag (belong)___________to Jim.
3. ___________the performance (begin) ___________at 7pm?
4. Sometimes, I (get)___________up before the sun (rise)___________
5. Whenever she (be)___________in trouble, she (call)___________me for help.
6. Dogs (have)___________eyyesight than human.
7. She (speak) ___________four different languages.
8. The Garage Sale (open)_______on 2^nd of August and (finish)_________on 4^th of October.
9. She (be) ___________ a great teacher.
10. Who ___________ this umbrella (belong) ___________to?
11. Who (go)___________to the theater once a month?
12. James often (skip)___________breakfast.
13. I rarely (do) ___________morning exercises.
14. My cousin (have)___________a driving lesson once a week.
15. My father and I often (play)___________football with each other.

Bài 5: Hãy chọn câu trả lời đúng cho các câu sau:

1. My father ___________a teacher. He works in a hospital.
2. Is B. isn’t C. are D. aren’t
3. I ___________rock music but my brothers don’t like it.
4. Likes B. like C. don’t like D. doesn’t like
5. Workers always ___________helmet for safety reason.
6. Wears B. wear C. don’t wear D. doesn’t wear
7. I don’t like chocolate. I ___________eat it.
8. Never B. often C. always D. usually
9. My classmates ___________lazy. They always do their homework.
10. Are B. is C. aren’t D. isn’t
11. My grandfather___________fishing very often
12. Goes B. go C. don’t go D. is
13. ___________tidy your room?
14. How often are you? C.How often do you?
15. How often you D. How often does you
16. Ms Thuy water the trees ___________a week.
17. Once B. one C. two D. one time
18. What ___________your nationality? I am Vietnamese.
19. Is B. are C. do D. does
20. I really love making models and my brother ___________it too.
21. Love B. loves C. don’t love D. doesn’t love
22. The Smiths never___________to their neighbors
23. Talk B. talks C. don’t talk D. doesn’t talk
24. My sister ___________ how to swim.
25. Don’t know B. doesn’t know C.don’t knows D. not know.
26. My teacher ___________ very kind. We really like her.
27. Is B. isn’t C. are D. aren’t
28. Sometimes a rainbow___________ after the rain.
29. Appear B.appears C. not appear D. doesn’t appears
30. The train ___________at 6 am tomorrow.
31. Leaves B. leave C. is leave D. don’t leave

Bài 6: Hoàn thành các câu sau.

1. How often/ you/ go/skating?

……………………………………………………………………………………………

1. What time/ your sister/ wake up/ in the morning?

……………………………………………………………………………………………

1. Charlie/ carve/ eggshells/ in his free time.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

1. I/ often/ not go/ the cinema.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

1. Harry/ be/ always/ late/ for school.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

1. He/ a photographer. / He/ take/ beautiful photos.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

1. My sister/ rarely/ drink/ orange juice.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

1. She/ arrange/ flowers/ beautifully?

……………………………………………………………………………………………

1. What/ your hobby?

……………………………………………………………………………………………

1. Mr. Ha/ teach/ many students.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

Bài 7: Tìm lỗi sai và viết lại câu đúng.

1. My brother and my sister doesn’t like playing board games.

…………………………………………………………………………………………

1. Does Mr. and Mrs. Parker make pottery everyday?

…………………………………………………………………………………………

1. Does bird-watching is Tom’s hobby?

………………………………………………………………………………

1. How often you polish your car?

……………………………………………………………………………………………

1. My friend don’t work in this company.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

1. James live in Australia.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

II. THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE: THÌ HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN

*Quy tắc thêm “-ing” sau động từ.

Thông thường ta chỉ cần thêm “-ing” vào sau động từ. Nhưng có một số chú ý như sau:

a) Động từ tận cùng bằng "e" thì bỏ e rồi thêm "ing"

Ex: live – living; come – coming; Riêng tobe – being

b) Động từ tận cùng có 2 chữ “ee”, ta thêm “ing” bình thường không cần bỏ e.

Ex: see – seeing.

b) Động từ 1 âm tiết (hoặc 2 âm tiết trở lên mà có âm nhấn ở cuối) tận cùng bằng 1 phụ âm, có 1 nguyên âm đi trước thì ta nhân đôi phụ âm cuối mới thêm "ing"

Ex: run – running; begin – beginning; cut – cutting; get – getting; …

Nhưng: meet - meeting (không gấp đôi t vì có 2 nguyên âm "e" đi trước)

c) Động từ tận cùng bằng "ie" thì đổi thành "y" rồi thêm "ing"

Ex: lie – lying; die - dying

d) Động từ tận cùng bằng "L" mà trước nó là 1 nguyên âm đơn thì ta cũng nhân đôi "L" rồi thêm "ing"

Ex: travel – travelling; gravel – gravelling

Những động từ không chia ở HTTD

D. BÀI TẬP.

Bài 1. Sắp xếp từ thành câu hoàn chỉnh

Example: 1. doing/ is/ mother /what /your? → What is your mother doing?

2. An/ Hung /are/ what/ doing/ now /and?

→ WHAT ARE AN AND HUNG DOING NOW?

3. that /Hanoi/ to/ going /businessman/ is

→ THAT BUSINESSMAN IS GOING TO HANOI

4. truck/is he/ driving/ his ?. → IS HE DRIVING HIS TRUCK?

5. waiting/ is/ who/ he/ for? → WHO IS WAITING FOR HE?

6. driving/ to /Quang/ is/ Hue. →………………………………………………………………….

7. vegetable/ the /market /to/ taking/ is /he/ the. →……………………………………………….

8. Nha Trang/ the is /train/ to/ going. →………………………………………………………….

9. the garden / the/ are/ children /playing/ in. →………………………………………………….

10. brushing/ teeth/ Mai/ her/ is. →……………………………………………………………….

Bài 2. Chia các câu sau ở thì hiện tại tiếp diễn.

Example: 1. They (go) are going to school.

2. Lan and Hoa (have) ……ARE HAVING…………………..breakfast.

3. My father (read) ………………………..a book.

4. The students ( do) ………………………..their HW.

5. They (brush) ………………………..their teeth.

6. Mr and Mrs Smith (travel) ………………………..to Hanoi.

7. My sister (not do) ………………………..her homework. She (sleep)

8. His parents (not work) ………………..in the factory. They (do) ……………..the gardening.

9. The girl (not do) ……………………the housework. She (watch) ……………………TV.

10. ………………………..Nga (read) ………………………..a book now?

11. ………………………..they (play) ………………………..a game in the yard?

12. ………………………..the children (wash) ………………………..their clothes?

13. ………………………..your mother (travel) ………………………..to Danang now?

14. What ………………………..Mr Hung (read) ………………………..now?

- He (listen) ………………………..to the radio.

15. ………………………..she (travel) ………………………..to work by car?

Bài 3. Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.

1. Look! The car (go)………………………. so fast.

2. Listen! Someone (cry) …………………….in the next room.

3. Your brother (sit)………………. next to the beautiful girl over there at present?

4. Now they (try)……………………. to pass the examination.

5. It’s 12 o’clock, and my parents (cook) …………………lunch in the kitchen.

6. Keep silent! You (talk) ……………………so loudly.

7. I (not stay)……………………. at home at the moment.

8. Now she (lie)…………………. to her mother about her bad marks.

9. At present they (travel)……………………….. to New York.

10. He (not work) ……………………in his office now.

Bài 4. Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì hiện tại đơn hoặc thì hiện tại tiếp diễn.

1. John (not read)………………………..a book now.

2. My students (be not) ………………………..hard working.

3. I (be) ………………………..at school at the weekend.

4. What you (do) ………………………..tonight?

5. Jack and Peter (work) ………………………..late today.

6. Silvia (not listen) ………………………..to music at the moment.

7. Maria (sit) ………………………..next to Paul right now.

8. How many other students……………………..you (study) ………………………with today?

9. She (live) ………………………..in a house?

10. He always (make) ………………………..noisy at night.

11. I usually (have) ………………………..breakfast at 7.00.

12. Where your husband (be) ………………………..?

13. She (wear) ………………………..earrings today.

14. He (have) ………………………..a new haircut today.

15. She (not study) ………………………..on Friday.

16. The weather (get) ………………………..cold this season.

17. My children (be)…………………….upstairs now. They (play)………………….games.

18. Look! The bus (come) ………………………..

Bài 4. Chia động từ trong ngoặc.

1. John (play)………….…………football at the mome nt.

2. We often (write)…………….….tests at our school.

3. I (talk) ……………...…to my teacher now.

4. Look! Mandy and Susan (watch)………….…..…a film on TV.

5. Olivia (visit) ……………...…her uncle every weekend.

6. Now the sun (shine) …………….…..…poems in the lessons.

7. ………….…..…you (go) ………….…..…to school by bike ?.

8. Every morning, my mother (get) ………….…..…up at 6 o’clock.

9. It’s seven o’clock and they (go) ………….…..…to school now.

10. Mrs. Cooper (eat) ………….…..….in the restaurant every Sunday.

11. Look! The men (wear) ………….…..… blue uniforms.

12. Our cat never (jump) ………….…..…on the kitchen table.

13. Curt always (play) ………….…..…his guitar in the afternoon.

14. It (be) ………….…..… early in the morning.

15. Sally (get) …………..out of bed, (open) ………….….the window and (go) ………….…. into the bathroom. Then she (have) ……………….breakfast.

16. ………….…..…she (have) ………….…..…breakfast at the moment ?.

17. After breakfast, Sally usually (cycle) ………….…..…to school.

18. Sally usually (have) ………….…..…her lunch at home.

19. In the afternoon, she first (do) ……….…..her homework and then she (meet) …………..… her friends in the park.

20. The taxi (wait) ………….…..…for them at the moment.

21. He always (help) ………….…..…his grandmother with the housework.

22. They never (eat) ………….…..…very much.

23. Listen! Bill (play) ………….…..…his electric guitar.

24. He (wash) ………….…..…his car every Sunday.

25. Where’s Cindy? – She (have) ………….…..…a bath.

26. My father (live) ………..…in a house near the river because he (like) …………swimming.

27. Every morning, my mother (walk) ………….…..…in the park.

28. What newspaper………….…..…you usually (read) ………….…..…? – The Times.

29. Be careful! The teacher (look) ………….…..… at you.

30. ………….…..…your mother (do) ………….…..…morning exercise every day?

31. In summer, it (be)………….very hot, so he often (go) ………….to the seaside on holiday.

32. Mother (cook) ………….…..…in the kitchen at the moment.

33. They (not/go) ………….…..… fishing in winter.

34. What…………………Mrs. Brown (do)…………….…….? – She’s a teacher.

35. Look! The boy (climb) ………….. …….. up a ladder.

36. They (play)…………volleyball every afternoon, but they (not play)………..badminton now.

37. He (learn) ………….…..…English and I (read) ………….…..…a book now.

38. He often (have) ………….…..…coffee for breakfast.

39. What (be) ………….…..…the weather like today? It (be) ………….…..…cold.

40. He often (go) ………….…..swimming. He (go) ………….…..swimming at the moment.

41. My sister (do) ………….…..…aerobics every morning.

42. We (not/go) ………….…..…swimming in the winter.

43. The students (do) ………….…..… their homework now.

44. My mother (like) ………….…..…iced tea.

45. He never (go)… ………….…..…camping because he (not/have) ………….…..…a tent.

III. THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE: THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN

IRREGULAR VERBS

1. be - was / were - been : thì, là, ở
2. beat - beat - beaten : đánh bại, đánh đập
3. become - became - become : trở nên, trở thành
4. begin - began - begun : bắt đầu
5. blow - blew - blown : thổi
6. break - broke - broken : đập vỡ, gãy
7. bring - brought - brought : đem, mang lại
8. build - built - built : xây dựng
9. burn - burnt / burned - burnt / burned : làm bỏng, đốt cháy
10. buy - bought - bought : mua
11. catch - caught - caught : bắt kịp, mắc phải
12. choose - chose - chosen : chọn, lựa
13. come - came - come : tới, đến
14. cost - cost - cost : có giá, tiêu tốn
15. cut - cut - cut : cắt
16. do - did - done : làm
17. draw - drew - drawn : vẽ
18. dream - dreamt/dreamed - dreamt/dreamed : nằm mơ, mơ ước
19. drink - drank - drunk : uống
20. drive - drove - driven : lái xe
21. eat - ate - eaten : ăn
22. fall - fell - fallen : ngã, rơi
23. feed - fed - fed : cho ăn
24. feel - felt - felt : cảm thấy
25. fight - fought - fought : chiến đấu
26. find - found - found : tìm thấy, nhận thấy
27. fit - fit - fit : làm cho vừa vặn, phù hợp
28. fly - flew - flown : bay
29. forget - forgot - forgotten : quên
30. get - got - got : có, được, nhận
31. give - gave - given : cho, tặng
32. go - went - gone : đi
33. grow - grew - grown : mọc, trồng, phát triển
34. hang - hung - hung : treo lên
35. have - had - had : có, ăn, bị
36. hear - heard - heard : nghe thấy
37. hide - hid - hidden : trốn, ẩn giấu
38. hold - held - held : cầm, nắm, tổ chức
39. hurt - hurt - hurt : làm đau
40. keep - kept - kept : giữ
41. know - knew - known : biết
42. learn - learnt / learned - learnt / learned : học, được biết
43. leave - left - left : rời bỏ, để lại
44. lend - lent - lent : cho mượn, cho vay
45. let - let - let : cho phép, để cho
46. lie - lay - lain : nằm
47. light - lit - lit : chiếu sáng
48. lose - lost - lost : mất, làm mất
49. make - made - made : làm, chế tạo
50. mean - meant - meant : có nghĩa là
51. meet - met - met : gặp
52. pay - paid - paid : trả (tiền)
53. put - put - put : đặt, để
54. read - read - read : đọc
55. ride - rode - ridden : lái xe, cưỡi
56. ring - rang - rung : đánh chuông
57. rise - rose - risen : mọc, gia tăng
58. run - ran - run : chạy
59. say - said - said : nói
60. see - saw - seen : thấy, xem
61. sell - sold - sold : bán
62. send - sent - sent : gửi
63. set - set - set : bố trí, đặt để
64. shake - shook - shaken : rung, lắc
65. shine - shone - shone : tỏa sáng
66. shoot - shot - shot : bắn
67. shut - shut - shut : đóng (cửa)
68. sing - sang - sung : hát
69. sit - sat - sat : ngồi
70. sleep - slept - slept : ngủ
71. smell - smelt/smelled - smelt/smelled : ngửi, có mùi
72. speak - spoke - spoken : nói (ngôn ngữ)
73. spend - spent - spent : tiêu xài, trải qua
74. stand - stood - stood : đứng
75. steal - stole - stolen : lấy cắp, lấy trộm
76. stick - stuck - stuck : dán, đính
77. sweep - swept - swept : quét
78. swim - swam - swum : bơi
79. take - took - taken : dẫn, cầm lấy
80. teach - taught - taught : dạy
81. tear - tore - torn : xé rách
82. tell - told - told : nói với, bảo, kể
83. think - thought - thought : nghĩ, suy nghĩ
84. throw - threw - thrown : ném, liệng
85. understand - understood - understood : hiểu
86. wake - woke - woken : thức dậy
87. wear - wore - worn : mặc, mang, đội
88. win - won - won : thắng, chiến thắng
89. write - wrote - written : viết

BÀI TẬP THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN

1. Chia động từ trong ngoặc thời quá khứ đơn:
2. The sea food (be)............ very delicious.
3. Hoa (get)............ a letter from her pen pal Tim yesterday.
4. I (go)............. to the movie last week.
5. They didn’t (buy)............. that house.
6. Liz (travel)............. to Ha Noi from Nha Trang two days ago.
7. She (make)............. a blue dress on her birthday.
8. Mr. Robinson (buy)............. Liz a cap
9. He (take)............. his children to the zoo last Sunday
10. Chia động từ to be thời quá khứ đơn hoặc hiện tại đơn trong các câu sau đây:
11. The homework ............... very difficult yesterday
12. The children ............... in the park 5 minutes ago.
13. Nha Trang ............ a beautiful place.
14. I ............... late for scholl yesterday.
15. Where ............... she yesterday? She ............... at home
16. We ............ tired today. We ............... at the party last night.
17. She ............ unhappy because she doesn’t have any friends in the city
18. ............ you at home yesterday morning?
19. Viết câu dựa vào từ cho sẵn, sử dụng thời quá khứ đơn:
    1. The children / be very happy in their trip to Nha Trang.

• 1. She / buy a lot of souvenirs / last summer vacation .

• 1. My mother / give me a yellow cap .

• 1. I / speak to her about my vacation .

• 1. Mr. Quang / teach mathematics for many years .

• 1. I / see you at the party / last night .

• 1. They / live here / two years ago .

• 1. Nga / be late for school / yesterday morning .

• 1. They/ arrive at the airrpot/ at eight o’clock this morning

• 1. Minh/ put the cake on the table

1. Đặt câu hỏi nghi vấn với từ cho sẵn và trả lời, sử dụng thời quá khứ đơn:
2. Ba/ teach Liz Vietnamese// Yes

1. he/ mail his friend a postcard// No

1. they/ return home/ yesterday// No

1. Mrs. Robinson/ buy a poster// Yes

1. you/ send me those flowers// Yes

1. she/ receive many gifts// No

1. we/ meet her at the meeting/ last week// Yes

1. they/ live in this town/ in 1990// No

1. Phân loại cách đọc đuôi ed của các từ sau đây:

wanted, played, helped, fitted, liked, watched, visited, looked, needed, remembered, stopped, talked, rented, missed, studied, started, used, learned.

/d/: ……………………………………………………………………………………….

/t/: ………………………………………………………………………………………..

/id/: ……………………………………………………………………………………….

1. Chia động từ thời hiện tại đơn hoặc quá khứ đơn:

“Mr. Tam (be) .................. a teacher. Two years ago, he (teach) .................. math in a small school in the country. But now he (teach) .................. at a high school in the city.

Every day, Mr. Tam (get) .................. up at half past five. After his morning exercises, he (take) ..................... a bath and (have) ..................... breakfast with his wife. Then he (leave) ..................... home for school at a quarter to seven.

Yesterday (be) ..................... Sunday. Mr. Tam (not go) ..................... to school. He and his wife (visit) ..................... his parents in the countryside. He (buy) ..................... them lots of presents. Mr. Tam and his wife (spend) ..................... their day off with their parents. They (return) ..................... home at 9.30 in the evening.”

VII. Đổi các câu sau sang phủ định và nghi vấn:

• 1. My father decorated the Christmas tree.

• 1. She bought a new dress yesterday.

• 1. They were late for school.

• 1. Mr. Tam took his children to the museum last Sunday.

• 1. Hoa made a cushion for her armchair.

• 1. They painted their house yellow.

• 1. This dress was fit.

• 1. I saw her two days ago.

VIII. Đặt câu hỏi bằng từ cho sẵn:

• 1. Her mother gave her a blue dress. (What)

• 1. I went to Nha Trang last summer vacation. (When)

• 1. Mrs. Robinson put the poster on the wall. (Where)

• 1. The dress looked very nice. (How)

• 1. We arrived home at 7.30 yesterday. (What time)

• 1. Ba spoke about his last summer vacation. (Who)

• 1. He taught English at a high school? (What)

• 1. They saw her three months ago. (When)

1. Chia động từ trong ngoặc:
2. I (meet)............ her at the movie theater last night.
3. He (go)............ to the English club every Sunday. But last Sunday he (not go)............ there, he (go)............ to the City’ Museum.
4. My mother (make)............ a dress now.
5. Two years ago, she (teach)............ at a village school.
6. What ............ you (do)............ yesterday morning?
7. We (travel) ............ to Hue next month.
8. They usually (have)............ dinner at home, but they (have) ............ dinner in a small restaurant yesterday evening.
9. The children (be)............ here ten minutes ago, but at the moment they (play)............ in the yard.
10. Đặt câu hỏi cho phần gạch dưới:

1.

I saw her last night.

2.

Her neighbor gave her a nice dress.

3.

They returned to America two weeks ago.

4.

Mr. Robinson bought a poster.

5.

My father was in Ha Noi last month.

6.

He traveled to Nha Trang by coach.

7.

She went to the doctor because she was sick.

8.

Nam left home at 7 o’clock yesterday.

IV. THE PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE: THÌ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN

V. THE FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE: THÌ TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN

VI. THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE: THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH