NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 MỚI THEO TỪNG UNIT
UNIT 6: VIET NAM THEN AND NOW
I. Thì quá khứ hoàn thành - Past Perfect Tense
1. Cấu trúc Thì quá kh ứ hoàn thành - Câu Khẳng định S + had + PII - Câu Phủ định S + hadn’t + PII - Câu Nghi vấn Had + S + PII?
2. Cách sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn thành
- Thì quá kh ứ hoàn thành được dùng để diễn tả một hành động xảy ra
trước một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ hoặc xảy ra trước một
hành động khác trong quá khứ.
Carol had left before Prof. Lestly came back. (Carol đã rời đi trước khi Giáo sư Lestly trở về)
- Hành động xảy ra trước chia ở thì quá khứ hoàn thành còn hành
động xảy ra sau chia ở thì quá khứ đơn, trong câu có các từ nối như by
(có nghĩa như before), before, after, when, till, untill, as soon as, no sooner…than
My grandmother had lived in Hanoi before 1954. (Bà tôi từ sống ở Hà Nội trước năm 1954)
- Thì quá kh ứ hoàn thành đư ợc dùng trong m ệnh đề If loại 3 (trái v ới quá khứ).
I would have helped to paint the house if you had asked me. (You didn’t ask me) (Nếu
bạn ngỏ lời với tôi thì tôi đã giúp bạn sơn nhà rồi)
=> Thực tế, bạn đã không nhờ giúp đỡ
- Thì quá kh ứ hoàn thành đư ợc dùng trong câu tư ờng thuật trong
trường hợp từ tường thuật (từ có gạch dưới) được chia ở thì quá khứ.
The policeman said Mr. Hammond had driven through a red light. (Cảnh sát nói rằng
ông Hammond đã vượt đèn đỏ khi lái xe)
3. Dấu hiện nhận biết thì quá kh ứ hoàn thành.
- Thì quá khứ hoàn thành (qkht) thường được sử dụng trong câu có những từ/ cấu trúc
sau: before…, by the time, by; No sooner … than; Hardly/ Scarely … when; It was not
until … that; Not until … that (mãi cho tới khi … mới); By the time (tới lúc mà … thì) Ví dụ:
Before Nancy left the office, she had finished all the document for her supervisor.
(Trước khi Nancy rời khỏi văn phòng, cô đã hoàn thành xong tài liệu mà sếp cô cần)
→ sau before dùng thì quá khứ đơn
II. Adj + to V và adj + that + clause a. Tính từ + to V:
Động từ nguyên mẫu (to-infinitive) thường được dùng:
- Sau các tính t ừ diễn tả phản ứng và c ảm xúc như: glad, sorry, sad, delighted, pleased,
happy, afraid, anxious, surprised, shocked... Ví dụ:
Tom was surprised to see you. Tom ngọc nhiên khi thấy bạn.
He’s afraid to stay home alone at night. Anh ấy sợ ở nhà một mình vào ban đêm.
- Sau một số tính t ừ thông dụng khác như: right, wrong, easy, difficult, certain, welcome,
careful, im portant, interesting, lovely, ready, lucky, likely, good, hard, dangerous, safe...,
và sau các tính từ trong cấu trúc enough và too. Ví dụ:
He is difficult to understand. Anh ấy thật khó hiếu.
The apples are ripe enough to pick. Những quá táo đã đủ chín để hái.
- Sau tính từ trong cấu trúc câu nhấn mạnh với chủ ngữ giả It: It + be + adjective + to-infinitive Ví dụ:
It’s interesting to talk to you. Nói chuyện với bạn thật là thú vị.
It’s difficult to learn Japanese. Học tiếng Nhật thì rất khó.
b. Adjective + that - noun clause (Tính t ừ + mệnh đề danh từ)
- Mệnh đề danh từ (noun clause) thư ờng được dùng với các tính từ
diễn tả xúc cảm, sự lo lắng, sự tin tưởng etc. Ví d ụ: delighted, glad,
pleased, relieved, sorry, afraid, anxious, worried, confident, certain, surprising... Ví dụ:
I’m delighted that you passed your exam. Tôi rất vui vì anh đã vượt qua kì thi
III. Bài tập vận dụng
Exercise 1: Rewrite the following sentences using “It + be + adjective + (of/ for + noun/ pronoun)”
1. We were surprised to get the scholarships.
___________________________________________
2. She was impolite to criticize him in front of his friends.
___________________________________________
3. Anna was brave to spend the night in the old house alone.
___________________________________________
4. Such a wonderful performance was interesting to hear.
___________________________________________
5. You were very kind to give presents to street children before the new school year.
___________________________________________
6. The students were unreasonable to complain about the exam results.
___________________________________________
7. The shelves are simple to put up.
___________________________________________
8. Hung was confident to present his ideas in front of the committee.
___________________________________________
9. We were surprised to get the scholarships.
___________________________________________
10. She was impolite to criticize him in front of his friends.
___________________________________________ Đáp án
1. It was surprised for us to get the scholarships.
2. It was impolite of her to criticize him in front of his friends.
3. It was brave of Anna to spend the night in the old house alone.
4. It was interesting to hear such a wonderful performance.
5. It was very kind of you to give presents to street children before the new school year.
6. It was kind of them to support the victims after the disaster.
7. It is necessary to value the improved living conditions we have today.
8. It was stupid of you to cross the road without looking left and right.
9. It is afraid to go into the lift alone.
10. It is important for all of us to follow the instructions carefully.
Exercise 2: Give the corrrect form of verbs in bracket
1. Before I (get)______ promotion, I (work)____ very hard.
2. Yesterday, my mother (pick)_____ me up from school before we (go) _____ shopping together.
3. Our grandparents (tell)____ us that he (serve)____ in the army in 1945.
4. After having dinner with my boyfriend, I (go)_____ home.
5. Yesterday (be)_______ the first time Jane (perform)_____ in front of such large audience.
6. Peter (admit)______ he (break)_____ my favorite vase the day before. Đáp án
1. Before I (get)___ got ___ promotion, I (work)___ had worked _ very hard.
2. Yesterday, my mother (pick)___ had picked __ me up from school before we (go) __ went ___ shopping together.
3. Our grandparents (tell)__ told __ us that he (serve)__ had served __ in the army in 1945.
4. After having dinner with my boyfriend, I (go)___ went __ home.
5. Yesterday (be)___ was ____ the first time Jane (perform)___ had performed __ in front of such large audience.
6. Peter (admit)____ admitted __ he (break)___ had broken __ my favorite vase the day before.
Exercise 3: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it is as similar
as possible in meaning to the original sentences. Use the word given and other words as necessary.
1. Supporting the victims after the disaster was kind of them.
___________________________________________________
2. Valuing the improved living conditions we have today is necessary.
___________________________________________________
3. Crossing the road without looking left and right was stupid of you.
___________________________________________________
4. Going into the lift alone is afraid.
___________________________________________________
5. Following the instructions carefully is important for all of us.
___________________________________________________
6. Being able to build the country into a powerful one is certain.
___________________________________________________ Gợi ý đáp án
1. It was kind of them to support the victims after the disaster.
2. It is necessary to value the improved living conditions we have today.
3. It was stupid of you to cross the road without looking left and right.
4. It is afraid to go into the lift alone.
5. It is important for all of us to follow the instructions carefully.
6. It is certain to be able to build the country into a powerful one.
Exercise 4: Reorder these words to have correct sentences
1. that / I / thankful / me / so / homework / with / my / you / am / help.
________________________________________________________
2. difficult / It / English / has / learn / very / to / for / me / been.
________________________________________________________
3. museum / me / the / it’s / to / interesting / go / to / for.
________________________________________________________
4. Peter / yesterday / was / party / his / to / came / glad / birthday / that / his / classmates.
________________________________________________________
5. boring / to / very / attend / be / that / must / It / meeting.
________________________________________________________ Đáp án
1. I am so thankful that you help me with my homework.
2. It has been very difficult for me to learn English.
3. It’s interesting for me to go to the museum.
4. Peter was glad that his classmates came to his birthday party yesterday.
5. It must be very boring to attend that meeting.